1
|
Villao-Uzho L, Chávez-Navarrete T, Pacheco-Coello R, Sánchez-Timm E, Santos-Ordóñez E. Plant Promoters: Their Identification, Characterization, and Role in Gene Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1226. [PMID: 37372407 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies to overcome diseases or abiotic stress in crops is the use of improved varieties. Genetic improvement could be accomplished through different methods, including conventional breeding, induced mutation, genetic transformation, or gene editing. The gene function and regulated expression through promoters are necessary for transgenic crops to improve specific traits. The variety of promoter sequences has increased in the generation of genetically modified crops because they could lead to the expression of the gene responsible for the improved trait in a specific manner. Therefore, the characterization of the promoter activity is necessary for the generation of biotechnological crops. That is why several analyses have focused on identifying and isolating promoters using techniques such as reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), genetic libraries, cloning, and sequencing. Promoter analysis involves the plant genetic transformation method, a potent tool for determining the promoter activity and function of genes in plants, contributing to understanding gene regulation and plant development. Furthermore, the study of promoters that play a fundamental role in gene regulation is highly relevant. The study of regulation and development in transgenic organisms has made it possible to understand the benefits of directing gene expression in a temporal, spatial, and even controlled manner, confirming the great diversity of promoters discovered and developed. Therefore, promoters are a crucial tool in biotechnological processes to ensure the correct expression of a gene. This review highlights various types of promoters and their functionality in the generation of genetically modified crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villao-Uzho
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Chávez-Navarrete
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Pacheco-Coello
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Sánchez-Timm
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Efrén Santos-Ordóñez
- Biotechnological Research Center of Ecuador, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
- Faculty of Life Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Gustavo Galindo Campus Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Zhu K, Tan C, Zhang J, Zhou J, Jin L, Ma G, Zou Q. Identification and characterization of PsDREB2 promoter involved in tissue-specific expression and abiotic stress response from Paeonia suffruticosa. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7052. [PMID: 31223528 PMCID: PMC6571008 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding factor 2 (DREB2) belongs to the C-repeat-binding factor (CBF)/DREB subfamily of proteins. In this study, a 2,245 bp PsDREB2 promoter fragment was isolated from the genome of Paeonia suffruticosa. The fragment was rich in A/T bases and contained TATA box sequences, abscisic acid (ABA)-response elements, and other cis-elements, such as MYB and CAAT box. The promoter was fused with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to generate an expression vector. Arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with a flower dipping method. Gus activity in different tissues and organs of transgenic plants was determined via histochemical staining and quantified via GUS fluorescence. The activity of promoter regulatory elements in transgenic plants under drought, low-temperature, high-salt, and ABA stresses was analyzed. The results showed that the PsDREB2 gene promoter was expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and silique pods but not in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the promoter was induced by drought, low temperature, high salt, and ABA. Hence, the PsDREB2 promoter is tissue- and stress-specific and can be used in the genetic engineering of novel peony cultivars in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Liu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Ma
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingcheng Zou
- Research & Development Center of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali S, Kim WC. A Fruitful Decade Using Synthetic Promoters in the Improvement of Transgenic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1433. [PMID: 31737027 PMCID: PMC6838210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their cis-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Erpen L, Tavano ECR, Harakava R, Dutt M, Grosser JW, Piedade SMS, Mendes BMJ, Mourão Filho FAA. Isolation, characterization, and evaluation of three Citrus sinensis-derived constitutive gene promoters. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1113-1125. [PMID: 29796947 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory sequences from the citrus constitutive genes cyclophilin (CsCYP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (CsGAPC2), and elongation factor 1-alpha (CsEF1) were isolated, fused to the uidA gene, and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in transgenic sweet orange plants. The 5' upstream region of a gene (the promoter) is the most important component for the initiation and regulation of gene transcription of both native genes and transgenes in plants. The isolation and characterization of gene regulatory sequences are essential to the development of intragenic or cisgenic genetic manipulation strategies, which imply the use of genetic material from the same species or from closely related species. We describe herein the isolation and evaluation of the promoter sequence from three constitutively expressed citrus genes: cyclophilin (CsCYP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (CsGAPC2), and elongation factor 1-alpha (CsEF1). The functionality of the promoters was confirmed by a histochemical GUS assay in leaves, stems, and roots of stably transformed citrus plants expressing the promoter-uidA construct. Lower uidA mRNA levels were detected when the transgene was under the control of citrus promoters as compared to the expression under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The association of the uidA gene with the citrus-derived promoters resulted in mRNA levels of up to 60-41.8% of the value obtained with the construct containing CaMV35S driving the uidA gene. Moreover, a lower inter-individual variability in transgene expression was observed amongst the different transgenic lines, where gene constructs containing citrus-derived promoters were used. In silico analysis of the citrus-derived promoter sequences revealed that their activity may be controlled by several putative cis-regulatory elements. These citrus promoters will expand the availability of regulatory sequences for driving gene expression in citrus gene-modification programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Erpen
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - E C R Tavano
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - R Harakava
- Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, 04014-002, Brazil
| | - M Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - J W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - S M S Piedade
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - B M J Mendes
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - F A A Mourão Filho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Gao K, Su X, Rao P, An X. Genome-Wide Identification of the Invertase Gene Family in Populus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138540. [PMID: 26393355 PMCID: PMC4579127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertase plays a crucial role in carbohydrate partitioning and plant development as it catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. The invertase family in plants is composed of two sub-families: acid invertases, which are targeted to the cell wall and vacuole; and neutral/alkaline invertases, which function in the cytosol. In this study, 5 cell wall invertase genes (PtCWINV1-5), 3 vacuolar invertase genes (PtVINV1-3) and 16 neutral/alkaline invertase genes (PtNINV1-16) were identified in the Populus genome and found to be distributed on 14 chromosomes. A comprehensive analysis of poplar invertase genes was performed, including structures, chromosome location, phylogeny, evolutionary pattern and expression profiles. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the two sub-families were both divided into two clades. Segmental duplication is contributed to neutral/alkaline sub-family expansion. Furthermore, the Populus invertase genes displayed differential expression in roots, stems, leaves, leaf buds and in response to salt/cold stress and pathogen infection. In addition, the analysis of enzyme activity and sugar content revealed that invertase genes play key roles in the sucrose metabolism of various tissues and organs in poplar. This work lays the foundation for future functional analysis of the invertase genes in Populus and other woody perennials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Su
- Beijing Berry Genomics Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Pian Rao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of the Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bang SW, Park SH, Kim YS, Choi YD, Kim JK. The activities of four constitutively expressed promoters in single-copy transgenic rice plants for two homozygous generations. PLANTA 2015; 241:1529-1541. [PMID: 25809149 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized four novel constitutive promoters ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3 that are active in all tissues/stages of transgenic plants and stable over two homozygous generations. Gene promoters that are active and stable over several generations in transgenic plants are valuable tools for plant research and biotechnology. In this study, we characterized four putative constitutive promoters (ARP1, H3F3, HSP and H2BF3) in transgenic rice plants. Promoter regions were fused to the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene and transformed into rice. Single-copy transgenic lines were then selected and promoter activity was analyzed in various organs and tissues of two successive homozygous generations. All four promoters showed a broad expression profile in most tissues and developmental stages, and indeed the expression of the ARP1 and H3F3 promoters was even greater than that of the PGD1 promoter, a previously described constitutive promoter that has been used in transgenic rice. This observation was based on expression levels in leaves, roots, dry seeds and flowers in both the T2 and T3 generations. Each promoter exhibited comparable levels of activity over two homozygous generations with no sign of transgene silencing, which is an important characteristic of promoters to be used in crop biotechnology applications. These promoters therefore have considerable potential value for the stable and constitutive expression of transgenes in monocotyledonous crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Bang
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mi X, Ji X, Yang J, Liang L, Si H, Wu J, Zhang N, Wang D. Transgenic potato plants expressing cry3A gene confer resistance to Colorado potato beetle. C R Biol 2015; 338:443-50. [PMID: 26025753 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, CPB) is a fatal pest, which is a quarantine pest in China. The CPB has now invaded the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and is constantly spreading eastward in China. In this study, we developed transgenic potato plants expressing cry3A gene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the cry3A gene expressed in leaves, stems and roots of the transgenic plants under the control of CaMV 35S promoter, while they expressed only in leaves and stems under the control of potato leaf and stem-specific promoter ST-LS1. The mortality of the larvae was higher (28% and 36%) on the transgenic plant line 35S1 on the 3rd and 4th days, and on ST3 (48%) on the 5th day after inoculation with instar larvae. Insect biomass accumulation on the foliage of the transgenic plant lines 35S1, 35S2 and ST3 was significantly lower (0.42%, 0.43% and 0.42%). Foliage consumption was lowest on transgenic lines 35S8 and ST2 among all plant foliage (7.47 mg/larvae/day and 12.46 mg/larvae/day). The different transgenic plant foliages had varied inhibition to larval growth. The survivors on the transgenic lines obviously were smaller than their original size and extremely weak. The transgenic potato plants with CPB resistance could be used to develop germplasms or varieties for controlling CPB damage and halting its spread in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Mi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiangzhuo Ji
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lina Liang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harfouche A, Meilan R, Altman A. Molecular and physiological responses to abiotic stress in forest trees and their relevance to tree improvement. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1181-98. [PMID: 24695726 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and cold, are the major environmental stresses that adversely affect tree growth and, thus, forest productivity, and play a major role in determining the geographic distribution of tree species. Tree responses and tolerance to abiotic stress are complex biological processes that are best analyzed at a systems level using genetic, genomic, metabolomic and phenomic approaches. This will expedite the dissection of stress-sensing and signaling networks to further support efficient genetic improvement programs. Enormous genetic diversity for stress tolerance exists within some forest-tree species, and due to advances in sequencing technologies the molecular genetic basis for this diversity has been rapidly unfolding in recent years. In addition, the use of emerging phenotyping technologies extends the suite of traits that can be measured and will provide us with a better understanding of stress tolerance. The elucidation of abiotic stress-tolerance mechanisms will allow for effective pyramiding of multiple tolerances in a single tree through genetic engineering. Here we review recent progress in the dissection of the molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance in forest trees, with special emphasis on Populus, Pinus, Picea, Eucalyptus and Quercus spp. We also outline practices that will enable the deployment of trees engineered for abiotic stress tolerance to land owners. Finally, recommendations for future work are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Richard Meilan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
| | - Arie Altman
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|