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Kulsoom K, Ali W, Saba Z, Hussain S, Zahra S, Irshad M, Ramzan MS. Revealing Melatonin's Mysteries: Receptors, Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutics Applications. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:405-418. [PMID: 38081221 DOI: 10.1055/a-2226-3971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (5-methoxy-acetyl tryptamine) is a sleep-inducing hormone, and the pineal gland produces it in response to the circadian clock of darkness. In the body, MT1 and MT2 receptors are mostly found, having an orthosteric pocket and ligand binding determinants. Melatonin acts by binding on melatonin receptors, intracellular proteins, and orphan nuclear receptors. It inhibits adenyl cyclase and activates phospholipase C, resulting in gene expression and an intracellular alteration environment. Melatonin signaling pathways are also associated with other intracellular signaling pathways, i. e., cAMP/PKA and MAPK/ERK pathways. Relative expression of different proteins depends on the coupling profile of G protein, accounting pharmacology of the melatonin receptor bias system, and mediates action in a Gi-dependent manner. It shows antioxidant, antitumor, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective activity. Different types of melatonin agonists have been synthesized for the treatment of sleeping disorders. Researchers have developed therapeutics that target melatonin signaling, which could benefit a wide range of medical conditions. This review focuses on melatonin receptors, pharmacology, and signaling cascades; it aims to provide basic mechanical aspects of the receptor's pharmacology, melatonin's functions in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and any treatments and drugs designed for these diseases. This will allow a basic comparison between the receptors in question, highlighting any parallels and differences that may exist and providing fundamental knowledge about these receptors to future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Kulsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wajahat Ali
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Zainab Saba
- Department of Optometry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shabab Hussain
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Universita degli studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Samra Zahra
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Irshad
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Muhammad Saeed Ramzan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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2
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Bedini A, Boutin JA, Legros C, Zlotos DP, Spadoni G. Industrial and academic approaches to the search for alternative melatonin receptor ligands: An historical survey. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12953. [PMID: 38682544 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The search for melatonin receptor agonists formed the main part of melatonin medicinal chemistry programs for the last three decades. In this short review, we summarize the two main aspects of these programs: the development of all the necessary tools to characterize the newly synthesized ligands at the two melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and the medicinal chemist's approaches to find chemically diverse ligands at these receptors. Both strategies are described. It turns out that the main source of tools were industrial laboratories, while the medicinal chemistry was mainly carried out in academia. Such complete accounts are interesting, as they delineate the spirits in which the teams were working demonstrating their strength and innovative character. Most of the programs were focused on nonselective agonists and few of them reached the market. In contrast, discovery of MT1-selective agonists and melatonergic antagonists with proven in vivo activity and MT1 or MT2-selectivity is still in its infancy, despite the considerable interest that subtype selective compounds may bring in the domain, as the physiological respective roles of the two subtypes of melatonin receptors, is still poorly understood. Poly-pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
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MESH Headings
- Ligands
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
- Melatonin/metabolism
- History, 20th Century
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC, Rouen, France
| | | | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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3
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Okamoto HH, Cecon E, Nureki O, Rivara S, Jockers R. Melatonin receptor structure and signaling. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12952. [PMID: 38587234 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) binds with high affinity and specificity to membrane receptors. Several receptor subtypes exist in different species, of which the mammalian MT1 and MT2 receptors are the best-characterized. They are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, preferentially coupling to Gi/o proteins but also to other G proteins in a cell-context-depending manner. In this review, experts on melatonin receptors will summarize the current state of the field. We briefly report on the discovery and classification of melatonin receptors, then focus on the molecular structure of human MT1 and MT2 receptors and highlight the importance of molecular simulations to identify new ligands and to understand the structural dynamics of these receptors. We then describe the state-of-the-art of the intracellular signaling pathways activated by melatonin receptors and their complexes. Brief statements on the molecular toolbox available for melatonin receptor studies and future perspectives will round-up this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki H Okamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Cecon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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Angelova VT, Georgiev B, Pencheva T, Pajeva I, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Kalcheva-Yovkova E, Valkova IV, Vassilev N, Mihaylova R, Stefanova D, Petrov B, Voynikov Y, Tzankova V. Design, Synthesis, In Silico Studies and In Vitro Evaluation of New Indole- and/or Donepezil-like Hybrids as Multitarget-Directed Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1194. [PMID: 37765003 PMCID: PMC10534827 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a complex neurodegenerative condition which warrants the development of multitargeted drugs to tackle the key pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In this study, two novel series of melatonin- and donepezil-based hybrid molecules with hydrazone (3a-r) or sulfonyl hydrazone (5a-l) fragments were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against AD-related neurodegenerative mechanisms. Two lead compounds (3c and 3d) exhibited a well-balanced multifunctional profile, demonstrating intriguing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, promising antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, as well as the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the linoleic acid system. Compound 3n, possessing two indole scaffolds, showed the highest activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and a high selectivity index (SI = 47.34), as well as a pronounced protective effect in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, compounds 3c, 3d, and 3n showed low neurotoxicity against malignant neuroblastoma cell lines of human (SH-SY5Y) and murine (Neuro-2a) origin, as well as normal murine fibroblast cells (CCL-1) that indicate the in vitro biocompatibility of the experimental compounds. Furthermore, compounds 3c, 3d, and 3n were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the experimental PAMPA-BBB study. The molecular docking showed that compound 3c could act as a ligand to both MT1 and MT2 receptors, as well as to AchE and BchE enzymes. Taken together, those results outline compounds 3c, 3d, and 3n as promising prototypes in the search of innovative compounds for the treatment of AD-associated neurodegeneration with oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that hydrazone derivatives with melatonin and donepezil are appropriate for further development of new AChE/BChE inhibitory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina T. Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.V.V.); (Y.V.)
| | - Borislav Georgiev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.G.); (N.T.)
| | - Tania Pencheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.G.); (N.T.)
| | | | - Elena Kalcheva-Yovkova
- Faculty of Computer Systems and Techologies, Technical University–Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Iva V. Valkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.V.V.); (Y.V.)
| | - Nikolay Vassilev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Rositsa Mihaylova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (D.S.); (B.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (D.S.); (B.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Boris Petrov
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (D.S.); (B.P.); (V.T.)
| | - Yulian Voynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.V.V.); (Y.V.)
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.M.); (D.S.); (B.P.); (V.T.)
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Structural Basis for Agonistic Activity and Selectivity toward Melatonin Receptors hMT1 and hMT2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032863. [PMID: 36769183 PMCID: PMC9918025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a major ocular neuropathy originating from a progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Daily IOP fluctuations are physiologically influenced by the antioxidant and signaling activities of melatonin. This endogenous modulator has limited employment in treating altered IOP disorders due to its low stability and bioavailability. The search for low-toxic compounds as potential melatonin agonists with higher stability and bioavailability than melatonin itself could start only from knowing the molecular basis of melatonergic activity. Thus, using a computational approach, we studied the melatonin binding toward its natural macromolecular targets, namely melatonin receptors 1 (MT1) and 2 (MT2), both involved in IOP signaling regulation. Besides, agomelatine, a melatonin-derivative agonist and, at the same time, an atypical antidepressant, was also included in the study due to its powerful IOP-lowering effects. For both ligands, we evaluated both stability and ligand positioning inside the orthosteric site of MTs, mapping the main molecular interactions responsible for receptor activation. Affinity values in terms of free binding energy (ΔGbind) were calculated for the selected poses of the chosen compounds after stabilization through a dynamic molecular docking protocol. The results were compared with experimental in vivo effects, showing a higher potency and more durable effect for agomelatine with respect to melatonin, which could be ascribed both to its higher affinity for hMT2 and to its additional activity as an antagonist for the serotonin receptor 5-HT2c, in agreement with the in silico results.
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Silva BR, Silva JRV. Mechanisms of action of non-enzymatic antioxidants to control oxidative stress during in vitro follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 249:107186. [PMID: 36638648 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro follicle growth and oocyte maturation still has a series of limitations, since not all oocytes matured in vitro have the potential to develop in viable embryos. One of the factors associated with low oocyte quality is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during in vitro culture. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the role of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the control of oxidative stress during in vitro follicular growth, oocyte maturation and embryonic development. A wide variety of non-enzymatic antioxidants (melatonin, resveratrol, L-ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, N-acetyl-cysteine, cysteamine, quercetin, nobiletin, lycopene, acteoside, mogroside V, phycocyanin and laminarin) have been used to supplement culture media. Some of them, like N-acetyl-cysteine, cysteamine, nobiletin and quercetin act by increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), while melatonin and resveratrol increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and minimize oocyte oxidative stress. L-ascorbic acid reduces free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Lycopene positively regulates the expression of many antioxidant genes. Additionally, L-carnitine protects DNA against ROS-induced damage, while acteoside and laminarin reduces the expression of proapoptotic genes. Mogrosides increases mitochondrial function and reduces intracellular ROS levels, phycocyanin reduces lipid peroxidation, and lycopene neutralizes the adverse effects of ROS. Thus, it is very important to know their mechanisms of actions, because the combination of two or more antioxidants with different activities has great potential to improve in vitro culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, Federal University of Ceara, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - José R V Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, Federal University of Ceara, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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Alavi B, Shojaei M, Haghpanah T, Mirzaie V, Abedini Esfahlani M, Jalalkamali M, Seyedi F, Nematollahi-Mahani SN. Improved cell proliferation and testosterone secretion following exposure of TM3 Leydig cells to three-dimensional scaffold and light emitting diode. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14593. [PMID: 36123787 DOI: 10.1111/and.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green LED and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have recently received extensive attentions due to their impact on cell proliferation and differentiation. Melatonin, a circadian rhythm-regulating hormone, is involved in some physiological phenomena including testosterone biosynthesis. Lower testosterone biosynthesis results in some disorders such as puberty retarding, andropause, and muscle weakness. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the proliferation of Leydig cells and their testosterone-related Gene expression and secretion under the influence of 3D scaffold, green light and melatonin. The experimental groups of TM3 cells embedded in the 3D scaffold, were exposed to green light, melatonin, both and all three factors. Expression of cell cycle genes including PCNA, CYCLIND1, CDC2 and CDKN1B, and testosterone related genes; GATA4 and RORα were also examined. 3D scaffold enhanced Leydig cells proliferation, and testosterone-related genes expression. While melatonin decreased cell proliferation and testosterone-related genes expression. Green light did not significantly change the results but slightly decreased cell proliferation and testosterone synthesis. The combination of green light with melatonin significantly reduced the proliferation rate of TM3 cells and the expression of steroidogenic genes, while the combination of green light with scaffold improved the results. In general, the use of scaffolding enhances proliferation and testosterone-related genes expression of TM3 Leydig cells. Also, application of green light and scaffolding reduces the deleterious effects of melatonin on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrossadat Alavi
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vida Mirzaie
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abedini Esfahlani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Erland LAE, Dumigan CR, Forsyth JA, Frolova L, Yasunaga AB, Pun W, Li ITS, Deyholos MK, Murch SJ. Mammalian Melatonin Agonist Pharmaceuticals Stimulate Rhomboid Proteins in Plants. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070882. [PMID: 35883439 PMCID: PMC9313243 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a human neurotransmitter and plant signalling metabolite that perceives and directs plant metabolism. The mechanisms of melatonin action in plants remain undefined. We hypothesized that roots have a melatonin-specific receptor and/or transporter that can respond to melatonin-mediating pharmaceuticals. To test this hypothesis Arabidopsis seedlings were grown with melatonin pharmaceutical receptor agonists: ramelteon and tasimelteon, and/or antagonists: luzindole and 4-P-PDOT. Ramelteon was found both to mimic and competitively inhibit melatonin metabolism in plants. Due to the higher selectivity of ramelteon for the MT1 receptor type in humans, a sequence homology search for MT1 in Arabidopsis identified the rhomboid-like protein 7 (RBL7). In physiological studies, Arabidopsis rbl7 mutants were less responsive to ramelteon and melatonin. Quantum dot visualizations of the effects of ramelteon on melatonin binding to root cell membranes revealed a potential mechanism. We propose that RBL7 is a melatonin-interacting protein that directs root architecture and growth in a mechanism that is responsive to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. E. Erland
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher R. Dumigan
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (C.R.D.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Jillian A. Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
| | - Liubov Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
| | - Adam B. Yasunaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
| | - Winnie Pun
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
| | - Isaac T. S. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
| | - Michael K. Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (C.R.D.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Susan J. Murch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (L.A.E.E.); (J.A.F.); (L.F.); (A.B.Y.); (W.P.); (I.T.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Elisi GM, Scalvini L, Lodola A, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Rivara S. In silico drug discovery of melatonin receptor ligands with therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:343-354. [PMID: 35255751 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurohormone melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) regulates circadian rhythms exerting a variety of effects in the central nervous system and in periphery. These activities are mainly mediated by activation of MT1 and MT2 GPCRs. MT1/MT2 agonist compounds are used clinically for insomnia, depression, and circadian rhythm disturbances. AREA COVERED The following review describes the design strategies that have led to the identification of melatonin receptor ligands, guided by in silico approaches and molecular modeling. Initial ligand-based design, mainly relying on pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR, has been flanked by structure-based virtual screening, given the recent availability of MT1 and MT2 crystal structures. Receptor ligands with different activity profiles, agonist/antagonist and subtype-selective compounds, are available. EXPERT OPINION An insight on the pharmacological characterization and therapeutic perspectives for relevant ligands is provided. In silico drug discovery has been instrumental in the design of novel ligands targeting melatonin receptors. Ligand-based approaches has led to the construction of a solid framework defining structure-activity relationships to obtain compounds with a tailored pharmacological profile. Structure-based techniques could integrate previous knowledge and provide compounds with novel chemotypes and pharmacological activity as drug candidates for disease conditions in which melatonin receptor ligands are currently being investigated, including cancer and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Hegron A, Huh E, Deupi X, Sokrat B, Gao W, Le Gouill C, Canouil M, Boissel M, Charpentier G, Roussel R, Balkau B, Froguel P, Plouffe B, Bonnefond A, Lichtarge O, Jockers R, Bouvier M. Identification of Key Regions Mediating Human Melatonin Type 1 Receptor Functional Selectivity Revealed by Natural Variants. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1614-1627. [PMID: 34661078 PMCID: PMC8507577 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone mainly produced by the pineal gland and MT1 is one of the two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediating its action. Despite an increasing number of available GPCR crystal structures, the molecular mechanism of activation of a large number of receptors, including MT1, remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the structural elements involved in the process of MT1's activation using naturally occurring variants affecting its function. Thirty-six nonsynonymous variants, including 34 rare ones, were identified in MTNR1A (encoding MT1) from a cohort of 8687 individuals and their signaling profiles were characterized using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based sensors probing 11 different signaling pathways. Computational analysis of the experimental data allowed us to group the variants in clusters according to their signaling profiles and to analyze the position of each variant in the context of the three-dimensional structure of MT1 to link functional selectivity to structure. MT1 variant signaling profiles revealed three clusters characterized by (1) wild-type-like variants, (2) variants with selective defect of βarrestin-2 recruitment, and (3) severely defective variants on all pathways. Our structural analysis allows us to identify important regions for βarrestin-2 recruitment as well as for Gα12 and Gα15 activation. In addition to identifying MT1 domains differentially controlling the activation of the various signaling effectors, this study illustrates how natural variants can be used as tools to study the molecular mechanisms of receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hegron
- Université
de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University
of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Eunna Huh
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Condensed
Matter Theory group, Paul Scherrer Institute
(PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Badr Sokrat
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University
of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Université
de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University
of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm
UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
- University
of Lille, Lille University
Hospital, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- Inserm
UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
- University
of Lille, Lille University
Hospital, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- Centre d’Étude et de Recherche pour l’Intensification
du Traitement du Diabète, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Department
of Diabetology Endocrinology Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux
de Paris, 75004 Paris, France
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, University Paris
Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population
Health, 94805 Villejuif, France
- University
Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, 94270 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm
UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
- University
of Lille, Lille University
Hospital, Lille, 59000, France
- Department
of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University
of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm
UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
- University
of Lille, Lille University
Hospital, Lille, 59000, France
- Department
of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
- Department
of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université
de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University
of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada
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11
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Ritwiset A, Khajonrit J, Krongsuk S, Maensiri S. Molecular insight on the formation structure and dynamics of melatonin in an aqueous solution and at the Water-Air interface: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 108:107983. [PMID: 34274727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural hormone that has been shown highly antioxidant effects. Consequently, it has been extensively studied for its therapeutic potential in several diseases such as insomnia, cardiovascular, Alzheimer, and certain types of cancers. Recently, it has been used to adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients. It is well-known that melatonin is highly hydrophobic, resulting in lower solubility. However, the molecular structure and dynamic behavior of the formation of melatonin in an aqueous solution and at the water-air interface have not yet been clearly explained. This information is necessary for the melatonin formulation in drug delivery systems. The present work focuses on the molecular structure and dynamics of melatonin molecules in the aqueous solution and at the water-air interface based on using a molecular dynamics simulation study. The results showed that most melatonin molecules were aggregated in an aqueous solution while they were formed a self-assembled monolayer with the ordered structure at the water-air interface. The strong interaction of melatonin depends on their functional group which showed a similar trend for both systems and was sequenced as follows: carbonyl O > indole NH > amide NH > methoxy OA, respectively. However, the carbonyl O and the indole NH groups exhibit strong interactions with water molecules at the interface. Consequently, the two preferred orientations of the melatonin head group can be observed at the water-air interface (i.e., one is to turn the head group to the water surface with the tilted angle of ~40°-60° and the second one is to turn the head group away from the water surface with the tilted angle of ~130°). The longer lifetime of hydrogen bonds formed between melatonin themselves in the bulk water reveals that the stability of melatonin aggregation in an aqueous solution is more stable. Therefore, melatonin has less soluble in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksornnarong Ritwiset
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Jessada Khajonrit
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Sriprajak Krongsuk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Research Network of NANOTEC-KKU (RNN), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Santi Maensiri
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; SUT Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Nanomaterials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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12
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Zhang J, Dong Y, Wang M, Wang H, Yi D, Zhou Y, Xu Q. MicroRNA-315-5p promotes rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection by targeting a melatonin receptor in the small brown planthopper. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3561-3570. [PMID: 33840148 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs, play key roles in various biological processes. Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors. However, little is known about the function of miRNAs on plant virus-insect host interaction. RESULTS We investigated the role of miR-315-5p in regulation of plant viral infection in insects using a rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and small brown planthopper (SBPH) interaction system. Our results showed that miR-315-5p had the highest expression level in 2nd-instar nymph, and was highly expressed in the salivary gland and midgut in SBPH. miR-315-5p was in response to and regulated RBSDV infection in SBPH. Injection of miR-315-5p mimic, agomir-315, significantly increased the RBSDV accumulation, whereas injection of miR-315-5p inhibitor, antagomir-315, reduced virus accumulation in SBPH. Furthermore, a melatonin receptor was identified as a target gene of miR-315-5p by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown of the melatonin receptor significantly increased the expression of RBSDV coat protein gene S10 and replication related genes, S5-1, S6, and S9-1. Furthermore, treatment with melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole and activator agomelatine significantly increased and reduced RBSDV accumulation in SBPH, respectively. Compared to the control, miR-315-5p did not affect the efficiency of RBSDV acquisition in SBPH. However, the efficiency of RBSDV transmission was significantly reduced after injecting antagomir-315. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data reveal that miR-315-5p is beneficial for RBSDV infection in its insect vector by directly targeting a melatonin receptor. These findings provide a new insight to the function of miRNAs in virus-insect vector interaction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Dianshan Yi
- Nanjing Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210019, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
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13
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Glatfelter GC, Jones AJ, Rajnarayanan RV, Dubocovich ML. Pharmacological Actions of Carbamate Insecticides at Mammalian Melatonin Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 376:306-321. [PMID: 33203660 PMCID: PMC7841424 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated in silico chemical clustering and melatonin receptor molecular modeling combined with in vitro 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin competition binding were used to identify carbamate insecticides with affinity for human melatonin receptor 1 (hMT1) and human melatonin receptor 2 (hMT2). Saturation and kinetic binding studies with 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin revealed lead carbamates (carbaryl, fenobucarb, bendiocarb, carbofuran) to be orthosteric ligands with antagonist apparent efficacy at hMT1 and agonist apparent efficacy at hMT2 Furthermore, using quantitative receptor autoradiography in coronal brain slices from C3H/HeN mice, carbaryl, fenobucarb, and bendiocarb competed for 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), and pars tuberalis (PT) with affinities similar to those determined for the hMT1 receptor. Carbaryl (10 mg/kg i.p.) administered in vivo also competed ex vivo for 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding to the SCN, PVT, and PT, demonstrating the ability to reach brain melatonin receptors in C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, the same dose of carbaryl given to C3H/HeN mice in constant dark for three consecutive days at subjective dusk (circadian time 10) phase-advanced circadian activity rhythms (mean = 0.91 hours) similar to melatonin (mean = 1.12 hours) when compared with vehicle (mean = 0.04 hours). Carbaryl-mediated phase shift of overt circadian activity rhythm onset is likely mediated via interactions with SCN melatonin receptors. Based on the pharmacological actions of carbaryl and other carbamate insecticides at melatonin receptors, exposure may modulate time-of-day information conveyed to the master biologic clock relevant to adverse health outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In silico chemical clustering and molecular modeling in conjunction with in vitro bioassays identified several carbamate insecticides (i.e., carbaryl, carbofuran, fenobucarb, bendiocarb) as pharmacologically active orthosteric melatonin receptor 1 and 2 ligands. This work further demonstrated that carbaryl competes for melatonin receptor binding in the master biological clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus) and phase-advances overt circadian activity rhythms in C3H/HeN mice, supporting the relevance of circadian effects when interpreting toxicological findings related to carbamate insecticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Glatfelter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.C.G., A.J.J., R.V.R., M.L.D.), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (A.J.J., M.L.D.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anthony J Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.C.G., A.J.J., R.V.R., M.L.D.), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (A.J.J., M.L.D.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rajendram V Rajnarayanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.C.G., A.J.J., R.V.R., M.L.D.), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (A.J.J., M.L.D.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (G.C.G., A.J.J., R.V.R., M.L.D.), Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (A.J.J., M.L.D.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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14
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Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Cell Protection and Signaling in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 33498316 PMCID: PMC7909293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress in ischemic/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, decreases inflammation, modulates the immune system, inhibits proliferation, counteracts the Warburg effect, and promotes apoptosis in various cancer models. Melatonin stimulates antioxidant enzymes in the cells, protects mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, from oxidation thus preserving integrity of the membranes, affects mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulates activity of respiratory chain enzymes, and decreases the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms of melatonin effects in the cells during normal and pathological conditions and possible melatonin clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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15
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Nakamura Y, Asama R, Tabata T, Morita K, Maruyama T, Kondo A, Ishii J. Comparative analyses of site-directed mutagenesis of human melatonin MTNR1A and MTNR1B receptors using a yeast fluorescent biosensor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:863-876. [PMID: 33095446 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurohormone made by the pineal gland. Its receptors, MTNR1A and MTNR1B, are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are involved in sleep, circadian rhythm, and mood disorders, and in the inhibition of cancer growth. These receptors, therefore, represent significant molecular targets for insomnia, circadian sleep disorders, and cancer. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive host for assaying agonistic activity for human GPCR. We previously constructed a GPCR-based biosensor employing a high-sensitivity yeast strain that incorporated both a chimeric yeast-human Gα protein and a bright fluorescent reporter gene (ZsGreen). Similar approaches have been used for simple and convenient measurements of various GPCR activities. In the current study, we constructed a fluorescence-based yeast biosensor for monitoring the signaling activation of human melatonin receptors. We used this system to analyze point mutations, including previously unreported mutations of the consensus sequences of MTNR1A and MTNR1B melatonin receptors and compared their effects. Most mutations in the consensus sequences significantly affected the signaling capacities of both receptors, but several mutations showed differences between these subtype receptors. Thus, this yeast biosensor holds promise for revealing the functions of melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ririka Asama
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuya Tabata
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maruyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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16
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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17
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Zhang J, Yan X, Tian Y, Li W, Wang H, Li Q, Li Y, Li Z, Wu T. Synthesis of a New Water-Soluble Melatonin Derivative with Low Toxicity and a Strong Effect on Sleep Aid. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6494-6499. [PMID: 32258885 PMCID: PMC7114735 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A new melatonin sulfonate derivative sodium 4-(3-(2-acetamidoethyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-1-yl) butane-1-sulfonate (MLTBS) with higher water solubility (695 times) and lower cytotoxicity than natural melatonin (MLT) was synthesized, yet with the same sleep aid function. The poor solubility of MLT in water has been improved with a simple chemical reaction, which solves the poor solubility of melatonin in water, overcoming the safety problem caused by adding organic reagents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol to increase the solubility. Moreover, the modified MLT still has the same sleep aid effect as the natural MLT and higher biological safety. As a novel potential drug for sleep aid, the new MLT derivative could also flourish the application and research of this molecule in medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Zhang
- Xiamen Nuokangde
Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunpeng Tian
- Xiamen Nuokangde
Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Wanyun Li
- Cancer Research Center, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Mingguang People’s Hospital, Mingguang City 239400, China
| | - Qinbin Li
- Xiamen Nuokangde
Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Yufei Li
- University Affiliated Keji High School, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Xiamen Nuokangde
Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361006, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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18
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Stauch B, Johansson LC, Cherezov V. Structural insights into melatonin receptors. FEBS J 2019; 287:1496-1510. [PMID: 31693784 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The long-anticipated high-resolution structures of the human melatonin G protein-coupled receptors MT1 and MT2 , involved in establishing and maintaining circadian rhythm, were obtained in complex with two melatonin analogs and two approved anti-insomnia and antidepression drugs using X-ray free-electron laser serial femtosecond crystallography. The structures shed light on the overall conformation and unusual structural features of melatonin receptors, as well as their ligand binding sites and the melatonergic pharmacophore, thereby providing insights into receptor subtype selectivity. The structures revealed an occluded orthosteric ligand binding site with a membrane-buried channel for ligand entry in both receptors, and an additional putative ligand entry path in MT2 from the extracellular side. This unexpected ligand entry mode contributes to facilitating the high specificity with which melatonin receptors bind their cognate ligand and exclude structurally similar molecules such as serotonin, the biosynthetic precursor of melatonin. Finally, the MT2 structure allowed accurate mapping of type 2 diabetes-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms, where a clustering of residues in helices I and II on the protein-membrane interface was observed which could potentially influence receptor oligomerization. The role of receptor oligomerization is further discussed in light of the differential interaction of MT1 and MT2 with GPR50, a regulatory melatonin coreceptor. The melatonin receptor structures will facilitate design of selective tool compounds to further dissect the specific physiological function of each receptor subtype as well as provide a structural basis for next-generation sleeping aids and other drugs targeting these receptors with higher specificity and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stauch
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Johansson
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Tchekalarova J, Angelova VT, Todorova N, Andreeva-Gateva P, Rangelov M. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of novel melatonin derivatives in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol seizure test in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172684. [PMID: 31545983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The design of new pharmacologically active compounds with affinity to melatonin receptors has become an area of great interest during the last decade. Recently, we reported that newly synthesized melatonin derivatives, containing aroylhydrazone moiety in the indole scaffold, with the highest affinity to the elaborated pharmacophore model, possess an anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) and 6Hz test in mice. We aimed further to explore the effect of these melatonin derivatives and the role of melatonin receptors on seizure threshold measured by the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (iv PTZ) infusion test in mice. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and melatonin were used as positive controls. Three out of six compounds, 3c, 3f, and 3e, respectively, dose-dependently increased the PTZ-induced seizure thresholds for myoclonic twitch, clonic, and tonic seizures comparable to the effect of CBZ and melatonin. The anticonvulsant effect of 3c, 3f, and 3e was blocked by the non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindol suggesting the involvement of melatonin receptors in the activity of these compounds. Also docking study of 3c, 3f and 3e in the melatonin-binding site of melatonin receptor confirm the possible mechanism of action of these compounds involving melatonin receptors. Our previous and present results suggest that 3c, 3f, and 3e can be considered promising agents with anticonvulsant activity on melatonin receptors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with a Center of Phytochemistry, BAS, Bulgaria
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20
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Cecon E, Oishi A, Jockers R. Melatonin receptors: molecular pharmacology and signalling in the context of system bias. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3263-3280. [PMID: 28707298 PMCID: PMC6057902 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, an evolutionally old molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in vertebrates, and it binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, which are members of the GPCR family. Among the multiple effects attributed to melatonin, we will focus here on those that are dependent on the activation of the two mammalian MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. We briefly summarize the latest developments on synthetic melatonin receptor ligands, including multi-target-directed ligands, and the characterization of signalling-biased ligands. We discuss signalling pathways activated by melatonin receptors that appear to be highly cell- and tissue-dependent, emphasizing the impact of system bias on the functional outcome. Different proteins have been demonstrated to interact with melatonin receptors, and thus, we postulate that part of this system bias has its molecular basis in differences of the expression of receptor-associated proteins including heterodimerization partners. Finally, bias at the level of the receptor, by the expression of genetic receptor variants, will be discussed to show how a modified receptor function can have an effect on the risk for common diseases like type 2 diabetes in humans. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinInserm, U1016ParisFrance
- CNRS UMR 8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
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21
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Gautier C, Guenin SP, Riest-Fery I, Perry TJ, Legros C, Nosjean O, Simonneaux V, Grützner F, Boutin JA. Characterization of the Mel1c melatoninergic receptor in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529033 PMCID: PMC5846726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone produced in both animals and plants. It binds at least three G-protein-coupled receptors: MT1 and MT2, and Mel1cGPR. Mammalian GPR50 evolved from the reptilian/avian Mel1c and lost its capacity to bind melatonin in all the therian mammal species that have been tested. In order to determine if binding is lost in the oldest surviving mammalian lineage of monotremes we investigated whether the melatonin receptor has the ability to bind melatonin in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), and evaluated its pharmacological profile. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that platypus has in fact retained the ancestral Mel1c and has the capacity to bind melatonin similar to other mammalian melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), with an affinity in the 1 nM range. We also investigated the binding of a set of melatoninergic ligands used previously to characterize the molecular pharmacology of the melatonin receptors from sheep, rats, mice, and humans and found that the general profiles of these compounds make Mel1c resemble human MT1 more than MT2. This work shows that the loss of GPR50 binding evolved after the divergence of monotremes less than 190MYA in therian mammals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- COS Cells
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Platypus/genetics
- Platypus/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Receptors, Melatonin/chemistry
- Receptors, Melatonin/genetics
- Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Gautier
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie-Penelope Guenin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Isabelle Riest-Fery
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Tahlia Jade Perry
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Céline Legros
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valerie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Grützner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- PEX Biotechnologie Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy sur Seine, France
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
- * E-mail:
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22
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Alkozi HA, Sánchez Montero JM, Doadrio AL, Pintor J. Docking studies for melatonin receptors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:241-248. [PMID: 29271261 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1419184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is a neurohormone that controls many relevant physiological processes beyond the control of circadian rhythms. Melatonin's actions are carried out by two main types of melatonin receptors; MT1 and MT2. These receptors are important, and not just because of the biological actions of its natural agonist; but also, because melatonin analogues can improve or antagonize their biological effect. Area covered: The following article describes the importance of melatonin as a biologically relevant molecule. It also defines the receptors for this substance, as well as the second messengers coupled to these receptors. Lastly, the article describes the amino acid residues involved in the docking process in both MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Expert opinion: The biological actions of melatonin and their interpretations are becoming more relevant and therefore require the development of new pharmacological tools. Understanding the second messenger mechanisms involved in melatonin actions, as well as the characteristics of the docking of this molecule to MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, will permit the development of more selective agonists and antagonists which will help us to better understand this molecule as well to develop new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optometry , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - José Maria Sánchez Montero
- b Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Antonio Luis Doadrio
- c Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Bioorganic, Faculty of Pharmacy , University Complutense of Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optometry , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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23
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Boutin JA, Bonnaud A, Brasseur C, Bruno O, Lepretre N, Oosting P, Coumailleau S, Delagrange P, Nosjean O, Legros C. New MT₂ Melatonin Receptor-Selective Ligands: Agonists and Partial Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1347. [PMID: 28644418 PMCID: PMC5535840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for melatonin receptor agonists and antagonists specific towards one of the receptor subtypes will extend our understanding of the role of this system in relaying circadian information to the body. A series of compounds derived from a hit compound discovered in a screening process led to powerful agonists specific for one of the isoform of the melatonin receptor namely, MT₂. The compounds are based on a poorly explored skeleton in the molecular pharmacology of melatonin. By changing the steric hindrance of one substituent (i.e., from a hydrogen atom to a tributylstannyl group), we identified a possible partial agonist that could lead to antagonist analogues. The functionalities of these compounds were measured with a series of assays, including the binding of GTPγS, the inhibition of the cyclic AMP production, the β-arrestin recruitment, and the cell shape changes as determined by cellular dielectric spectroscopy (CellKey®). The variations between the compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherches & BioPharmacie, Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - Anne Bonnaud
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Olivier Bruno
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | | | | | - Sophie Coumailleau
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Pôle d'Innovations Thérapeutiques en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches, SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
- Pôle d'Expertise Recherches & BioPharmacie, Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - Céline Legros
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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24
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Gupta T, Sahni D, Gupta R, Gupta S. Expanding the horizons of melatonin use: An immunohistochemical neuroanatomic distribution of MT1 and MT2 receptors in human brain and retina. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Popovska-Gorevski M, Dubocovich ML, Rajnarayanan RV. Carbamate Insecticides Target Human Melatonin Receptors. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:574-582. [PMID: 28027439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) are among the most toxic insecticides, implicated in a variety of diseases including diabetes and cancer among others. Using an integrated pharmacoinformatics based screening approach, we have identified these insecticides to be structural mimics of the neurohormone melatonin and were able to bind to the putative melatonin binding sites in MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in silico. Carbaryl and carbofuran then were tested for competition with 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin (300 pM) binding to hMT1 or hMT2 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells. Carbaryl and carbofuran showed higher affinity for competition with 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding to the hMT2 compared to the hMT1 melatonin receptor (33 and 35-fold difference, respectively) as predicted by the molecular modeling. In the presence of GTP (100 μM), which decouples the G-protein linked receptors to modulate signaling, the apparent efficacy of carbaryl and carbofuran for 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin binding for the hMT1 melatonin receptor was not affected but significantly decreased for the hMT2 melatonin receptor compatible with receptor antagonist/inverse agonist and agonist efficacy, respectively. Altogether, our data points to a potentially new mechanism through which carbamate insecticides carbaryl and carbofuran could impact human health by altering the homeostatic balance of key regulatory processes by directly binding to melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Popovska-Gorevski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14221, United States
| | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14221, United States
| | - Rajendram V Rajnarayanan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14221, United States
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26
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Recent Advances in Neurogenic Small Molecules as Innovative Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091165. [PMID: 27598108 PMCID: PMC6273783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system of adult mammals has long been considered as a complex static structure unable to undergo any regenerative process to refurbish its dead nodes. This dogma was challenged by Altman in the 1960s and neuron self-renewal has been demonstrated ever since in many species, including humans. Aging, neurodegenerative, and some mental diseases are associated with an exponential decrease in brain neurogenesis. Therefore, the controlled pharmacological stimulation of the endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) niches might counteract the neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other pathologies, opening an exciting new therapeutic avenue. In the last years, druggable molecular targets and signalling pathways involved in neurogenic processes have been identified, and as a consequence, different drug types have been developed and tested in neuronal plasticity. This review focuses on recent advances in neurogenic agents acting at serotonin and/or melatonin systems, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, sigma receptors, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).
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27
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Legros C, Brasseur C, Delagrange P, Ducrot P, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. Alternative Radioligands for Investigating the Molecular Pharmacology of Melatonin Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:681-92. [PMID: 26759496 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts a variety of physiologic activities that are mainly relayed through the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 Low expressions of these receptors in tissues have led to widespread experimental use of the agonist 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin as a substitute for melatonin. We describe three iodinated ligands: 2-(2-[(2-iodo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,5-dimethoxy phenyl) (DIV880) and (2-iodo-N-2-[5-methoxy-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-3-yl])acetamide (S70254), which are specific ligands at MT2 receptors, and N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]iodoacetamide (SD6), an analog of 2-[(125)I]-iodomelatonin with slightly different characteristics. Here, we further characterized these new ligands with regards to their molecular pharmacology. We performed binding experiments, saturation assays, association/dissociation rate measurements, and autoradiography using sheep and rat tissues and recombinant cell lines. Our results showed that [(125)I]-S70254 is receptor, and can be used with both cells and tissue. This radioligand can be used in autoradiography. Similarly, DIV880, a partial agonist [43% of melatonin on guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding assay], selective for MT2, can be used as a tool to selectively describe the pharmacology of this receptor in tissue samples. The molecular pharmacology of both human melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, using a series of 24 ligands at these receptors and the new radioligands, did not lead to noticeable variations in the profiles. For the first time, we described radiolabeled tools that are specific for one of the melatonin receptors (MT2). These tools are amenable to binding experiments and to autoradiography using sheep or rat tissues. These specific tools will permit better understanding of the role and implication in physiopathologic processes of the melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, Biologie (C.L., C.B., P.Du., O.N., J.A.B.), and Unité de Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences (P.De.), Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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28
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Kumar H, Sharma BM, Sharma B. Benefits of agomelatine in behavioral, neurochemical and blood brain barrier alterations in prenatal valproic acid induced autism spectrum disorder. Neurochem Int 2015; 91:34-45. [PMID: 26498253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid administration during gestational period causes behavior and biochemical deficits similar to those observed in humans with autism spectrum disorder. Although worldwide prevalence of autism spectrum disorder has been increased continuously, therapeutic agents to ameliorate the social impairment are very limited. The present study has been structured to investigate the therapeutic potential of melatonin receptor agonist, agomelatine in prenatal valproic acid (Pre-VPA) induced autism spectrum disorder in animals. Pre-VPA has produced reduction in social interaction (three chamber social behavior apparatus), spontaneous alteration (Y-Maze), exploratory activity (Hole board test), intestinal motility, serotonin levels (prefrontal cortex and ileum) and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity (complex I, II, IV). Furthermore, Pre-VPA has increased locomotor activity (actophotometer), anxiety, brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species, glutathione, and catalase), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), inflammation (brain and ileum myeloperoxidase activity), calcium levels and blood brain barrier leakage in animals. Treatment with agomelatine has significantly attenuated Pre-VPA induced reduction in social interaction, spontaneous alteration, exploratory activity intestinal motility, serotonin levels and prefrontal cortex mitochondrial complex activity. Furthermore, agomelatine also attenuated Pre-VPA induced increase in locomotion, anxiety, brain oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, calcium levels and blood brain barrier leakage. It is concluded that, Pre-VPA has induced autism spectrum disorder, which was attenuated by agomelatine. Agomelatine has shown ameliorative effect on behavioral, neurochemical and blood brain barrier alteration in Pre-VPA exposed animals. Thus melatonin receptor agonists may provide beneficial therapeutic strategy for managing autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Kumar
- CNS Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - B M Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Pocket F-233, B, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
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29
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de la Fuente Revenga M, Fernández-Sáez N, Herrera-Arozamena C, Morales-García JA, Alonso-Gil S, Pérez-Castillo A, Caignard DH, Rivara S, Rodríguez-Franco MI. Novel N-Acetyl Bioisosteres of Melatonin: Melatonergic Receptor Pharmacology, Physicochemical Studies, and Phenotypic Assessment of Their Neurogenic Potential. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4998-5014. [PMID: 26023814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a new family of melatonin-based compounds, in which the acetamido group of melatonin has been bioisosterically replaced by a series of reversed amides and azoles, such as oxazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, as well as other related five-membered heterocycles, namely, 1,3,4-oxadiazol(thio)ones, 1,3,4-triazol(thio)ones, and an 1,3,4-thiadiazole. New compounds were fully characterized at melatonin receptors (MT1R and MT2R), and results were rationalized by superimposition studies of their structures to the bioactive conformation of melatonin. We also found that several of these melatonin-based compounds promoted differentiation of rat neural stem cells to a neuronal phenotype in vitro, in some cases to a higher extent than melatonin. This unique profile constitutes the starting point for further pharmacological studies to assess the mechanistic pathways and the relevance of neurogenesis induced by melatonin-related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Fernández-Sáez
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Herrera-Arozamena
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Morales-García
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Castillo
- ‡Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIB-CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,§Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), C/Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- ∥Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Silvia Rivara
- ⊥Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - María Isabel Rodríguez-Franco
- †Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Vielma JR, Bonilla E, Chacín-Bonilla L, Mora M, Medina-Leendertz S, Bravo Y. Effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review. Acta Trop 2014; 137:31-8. [PMID: 24811367 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. Its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. In addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against infections. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and the resistance to bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium perfringens), viral (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus), and parasitic (Plasmodium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, and Opisthorchis viverrini) infections.
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31
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Pharmacological benefits of agomelatine and vanillin in experimental model of Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:122-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: Ligands, Models, Oligomers, and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3161-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius. P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016,
Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR
8104, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cecon
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 421 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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