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Mohammadzadeh Boukani L, Ezzati M, Ferdowsi Khosroshahi A, Kheirjou R. The effect of acellular scaffold loaded with Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells and mineral pitch on healing of burn model in rat. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:785-804. [PMID: 38869670 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-024-10143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Severe burns often result in an exacerbated inflammatory response, which can contribute to further injury. This inflammatory response may lead to an increased risk of infection, multiple organ failure, and death. This study aimed to investigate the potential of reducing inflammation to enhance burn wound healing in rats using ovine's small intestinal submucosa as a carrier for Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) and Mineral Pitch (MP). A rat burn model was developed, and the animals were divided into four groups: control group: burn, placebo group: scaffold-treated burn, cell experimental group: WJ-MSCs seeded scaffold-treated burn, and cell and MP experimental group: scaffolds loaded with WJ-MSCs and MP-treated burn. After treating the wounds in the relevant groups and sampling them on days 5, 14 and 21, histological and pathological parameters, and the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and epithelialization were evaluated. The study results revealed several findings in the burn wounds. These included changes in mast cell populations, a decrease in inflammatory neutrophils and lymphocytes, an increase in fibroblasts and blood vessels, and upregulation of angiogenesis and epithelialization genes. These changes collectively contributed to enhanced wound healing in cell and MP experimental group compared to the other groups. The findings suggest that scaffolds loaded with Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells and MP can serve as engineered tools to modulate inflammatory conditions during the burn wound healing process. These interventions can improve burn wound management and promote better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Ezzati
- Hospital Administration Research Center, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Raziyeh Kheirjou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Dermitzakis I, Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Evangelidis N, Vakirlis E, Meditskou S, Theotokis P, Manthou ME. Skin Development and Disease: A Molecular Perspective. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8239-8267. [PMID: 39194704 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is a crucial protective barrier that plays essential roles in thermoregulation, sensation, and immune defence. This complex organ undergoes intricate processes of development. Skin development initiates during the embryonic stage, orchestrated by molecular cues that control epidermal specification, commitment, stratification, terminal differentiation, and appendage growth. Key signalling pathways are integral in coordinating the development of the epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The complex interplay among these pathways is vital for the appropriate formation and functionality of the skin. Disruptions in multiple molecular pathways can give rise to a spectrum of skin diseases, from congenital skin disorders to cancers. By delving into the molecular mechanisms implicated in developmental processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases, this narrative review aims to present a comprehensive understanding of these aspects. Such knowledge paves the way for developing innovative targeted therapies and personalised treatment approaches for various skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Chatzi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Aikaterini Kyriakoudi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Evangelidis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Dermitzakis I, Kampitsi DD, Manthou ME, Evangelidis P, Vakirlis E, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Ontogeny of Skin Stem Cells and Molecular Underpinnings. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8118-8147. [PMID: 39194698 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The emergence of skin SCs commences during embryogenesis, where multipotent SCs arise from various precursor populations. These early events set the foundation for the diverse pool of SCs that will reside in the adult skin, ready to respond to tissue repair and regeneration demands. A network of molecular cues regulates skin SC behavior, balancing quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. The disruption of this delicate equilibrium can lead to SC exhaustion, impaired wound healing, and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. The present review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the development, activation, and differentiation of skin SCs, shedding light on the molecular signaling pathways that drive their fate decisions and skin homeostasis. Unraveling the complexities of these molecular drivers not only enhances our fundamental knowledge of skin biology but also holds promise for developing novel strategies to modulate skin SC fate for regenerative medicine applications, ultimately benefiting patients with skin disorders and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Dimitria Kampitsi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Evangelidis
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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El Mir J, Nasrallah A, Thézé N, Cario M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Thiébaud P, Rezvani HR. Xenopus as a model system for studying pigmentation and pigmentary disorders. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38849973 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Human pigmentary disorders encompass a broad spectrum of phenotypic changes arising from disruptions in various stages of melanocyte formation, the melanogenesis process, or the transfer of pigment from melanocytes to keratinocytes. A large number of pigmentation genes associated with pigmentary disorders have been identified, many of them awaiting in vivo confirmation. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pigmentary disorders requires a vertebrate animal model where changes in pigmentation are easily observable in vivo and can be combined to genomic modifications and gain/loss-of-function tools. Here we present the amphibian Xenopus with its unique features that fulfill these requirements. Changes in pigmentation are particularly easy to score in Xenopus embryos, allowing whole-organism based phenotypic screening. The development and behavior of Xenopus melanocytes closely mimic those observed in mammals. Interestingly, both Xenopus and mammalian skins exhibit comparable reactions to ultraviolet radiation. This review highlights how Xenopus constitutes an alternative and complementary model to the more commonly used mouse and zebrafish, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in melanocyte cell biology and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joudi El Mir
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ali Nasrallah
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadine Thézé
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
- Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Thiébaud
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid-Reza Rezvani
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, UMR 1312, Bordeaux, France
- Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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5
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Nikzad S, Same S, Safiri S, Dolati S, Roushangar Zineh B, Meshgi S, Roshangar L, Şahin F. The effect of Wharton's jelly-derived stem cells seeded/boron-loaded acellular scaffolds on the healing of full-thickness burn wounds in the rat model. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025042. [PMID: 38364284 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Burn wounds are the most destructive and complicated type of skin or underlying soft tissue injury that are exacerbated by a prolonged inflammatory response. Several cell-based therapeutic systems through the culturing of potent stem cells on modified scaffolds have been developed to direct the burn healing challenges. In this context, a new regenerative platform based on boron (B) enriched-acellular sheep small intestine submucosa (AOSIS) scaffold was designed and used as a carrier for mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly (WJMSCs) aiming to promote the tissue healing in burn-induced rat models. hWJMSCs have been extracted from human extra-embryonic umbilical cord tissue. Thereafter, 96 third-degree burned Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals that did not receive any treatment were considered as group A (control). Then, group B was treated just by AOSIS scaffold, group C was received cell-seeded AOSIS scaffold (hWJMSCs-AOSIS), and group D was covered by boron enriched-cell-AOSIS scaffold (B/hWJMSCs-AOSIS). Inflammatory factors, histopathological parameters, and the expression levels of epitheliogenic and angiogenic proteins were assessed on 5, 14 and 21 d post-wounding. Application of the B/hWJMSCs-AOSIS on full-thickness skin-burned wounds significantly reduced the volume of neutrophils and lymphocytes at day 21 post-burning, whilst the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels enhanced at this time. In addition, molecular and histological analysis of wounds over time further verified that the addition of boron promoted wound healing, with decreased inflammatory factors, stimulated vascularization, accelerated re-epithelialization, and enhanced expression levels of epitheliogenic genes. In addition, the boron incorporation amplified wound closure via increasing collagen deposition and fibroblast volume and activity. Therefore, this newly fabricated hWJMSCs/B-loaded scaffold can be used as a promising system to accelerate burn wound reconstruction through inflammatory regulation and angiogenesis stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeneh Nikzad
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Saeideh Same
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Meshgi
- General Cardiologist, Tabriz Madani Heart Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Hong ZX, Zhu ST, Li H, Luo JZ, Yang Y, An Y, Wang X, Wang K. Bioengineered skin organoids: from development to applications. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:40. [PMID: 37605220 PMCID: PMC10463602 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids. Serving as three-dimensional models that mimic human skin, these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as effective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional systems and ethical concerns. The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models, enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes. This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages. Furthermore, it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as 3D printing and microfluidic devices. The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine, while considering their prospects and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shun-Tian Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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7
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Yu Q, Wang Q, Zhang L, Deng W, Cao X, Wang Z, Sun X, Yu J, Xu X. The applications of 3D printing in wound healing: the external delivery of stem cells and antibiosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114823. [PMID: 37068658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
As the global number of chronic wound patients rises, the financial burden and social pressure on patients increase daily. Stem cells have emerged as promising tissue engineering seed cells due to their enriched sources, multidirectional differentiation ability, and high proliferation rate. However, delivering them in vitro for the treatment of skin injury is still challenging. In addition, bacteria from the wound site and the environment can significantly impact wound healing. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting has dramatically enriched cell delivery systems. The produced scaffolds by this technique can be precisely localized within cells and perform antibacterial actions. In this review, we summarized the 3D bioprinting-based external delivery of stem cells and their antibiosis to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Linzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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8
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El Mir J, Fedou S, Thézé N, Morice-Picard F, Cario M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Thiébaud P, Rezvani HR. Xenopus: An in vivo model for studying skin response to ultraviolet B irradiation. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:194-202. [PMID: 36880984 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) in sunlight cause skin damage, ranging from wrinkles to photoaging and skin cancer. UVB can affect genomic DNA by creating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidine (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs). These lesions are mainly repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system and by photolyase enzymes that are activated by blue light. Our main goal was to validate the use of Xenopus laevis as an in vivo model system for investigating the impact of UVB on skin physiology. The mRNA expression levels of xpc and six other genes of the NER system and CPD/6-4PP photolyases were found at all stages of embryonic development and in all adult tissues tested. When examining Xenopus embryos at different time points after UVB irradiation, we observed a gradual decrease in CPD levels and an increased number of apoptotic cells, together with an epidermal thickening and an increased dendricity of melanocytes. We observed a quick removal of CPDs when embryos are exposed to blue light versus in the dark, confirming the efficient activation of photolyases. A decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and an accelerated return to normal proliferation rate was noted in blue light-exposed embryos compared with their control counterparts. Overall, a gradual decrease in CPD levels, detection of apoptotic cells, thickening of epidermis, and increased dendricity of melanocytes, emulate human skin responses to UVB and support Xenopus as an appropriate and alternative model for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joudi El Mir
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nadine Thézé
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Disorders, Hôpital des Enfants Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, Bordeaux, France.,Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Hamid-Reza Rezvani
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, BRIC, Bordeaux, France.,Aquiderm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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9
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Fenelon JC, Bennetts A, Anthwal N, Pyne M, Johnston SD, Evans AR, Tucker AS, Renfree MB. Getting out of a mammalian egg: the egg tooth and caruncle of the echidna. Dev Biol 2023; 495:8-18. [PMID: 36565838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the echidna, after development in utero, the egg is laid in the pouch and incubated for 10 days. During this time, the fetuses develop an egg tooth and caruncle to help them hatch. Using rare and unprecedented access to limited echidna pre- and post-hatching tissues, development of the egg tooth and caruncle were assessed by micro-CT, histology and immunofluorescence. Unlike therian tooth germs that develop by placode invagination, the echidna egg tooth developed by evagination, similar to the first teeth in some reptiles and fish. The egg tooth ankylosed to the premaxilla, rather than forming a tooth root with ligamentous attachment found in other mammals, with loss of the egg tooth associated with high levels of activity odontoclasts and apoptosis. The caruncle formed as a separate mineralisation from the adjacent nasal capsule, and as observed in birds and turtles, the nasal region epithelium on top of the nose expressed markers of cornification. Together, this highlights that the monotreme egg tooth shares many similarities with typical reptilian teeth, suggesting that this tooth has been conserved from a common ancestor of mammals and reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Fenelon
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Abbie Bennetts
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Neal Anthwal
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Pyne
- Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary, Currumbin, Queensland, 4223, Australia
| | - Stephen D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - Alistair R Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Geosciences, Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marilyn B Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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10
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Dai C, Chen H, Jiao M, Zhang N, Tang X, Fan A, Liu S, Qian Z, Wang C, Xu Y, Tan Z, Zeng F, Zheng F. IL-33 Contributes to the Pathological Changes of Hair Follicles in Psoriasis: A Potential Target for Psoriatic Alopecia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:639-650. [PMID: 36936754 PMCID: PMC10019523 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s403075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose IL-33 is constitutively expressed in skin tissues. Alopecia, a T cells-driven disorder of the hair follicles (HFs), is a common complication in the development of psoriasis. However, the role of IL-33 in psoriatic alopecia remains uncovered. Here, we investigated the roles of IL-33 in inducing pathological changes of hair follicles in psoriasis. Patients and Methods Clinical samples and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mice samples were used to investigate the pathological changes and T-cell infiltration of HFs. By using immunohistochemistry staining, the distribution and expression alteration of IL-33 in HFs were determined. Next, by using IL-33 and ST2 knockout mice, we investigated the role of IL-33/ST2 axis in the pathological changes of HFs in psoriasis. Meanwhile, recombinant IL-33 protein was subcutaneous injected to confirm its effect. Finally, RNA sequencing was used to clarify the genes and signaling pathways that involved in this process. Differentially expressed genes were further verified by RT-PCR in cultured HFs in vitro. Results We found that the pathological changes of HFs and T cells infiltration in imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice were similar to that in psoriasis patients. The IL-33 positive keratinocytes in the outer root sheath of HFs were increased in both psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice compared with the controls. By using gene knockout mice, we found that the pathological changes and T cell infiltration were attenuated in IL-33-/- and ST2-/- psoriatic model mice. In addition, subcutaneous injection of recombinant IL-33 exacerbated the pathological changes of HFs and T cell infiltration. RNA sequencing and RT-RCR revealed that IL-33 upregulated the transcription of genes related to keratinocytes proliferation and T lymphocytes chemotaxis. Conclusion Our study identifies that IL-33 promotes the pathological changes of HFs in psoriasis, which contributes to psoriatic alopecia. Inhibition of IL-33 may be a potential therapeutic approach for psoriatic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhuan Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqi Fan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Fanfan Zeng, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fang Zheng, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, People’s Republic of China, Email
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11
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Mesfin S, Afework M, Bikila D, Tessema A, Sento M. Distribution of Vernix Caseosa and Associated Factors Among Newborns Delivered at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia, in 2022: Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2903-2914. [PMID: 36597521 PMCID: PMC9805746 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s387720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Vernix caseosa is a complex proteolipid material synthesized partly by fetal sebaceous glands during the last trimester of pregnancy. Understanding the structure and function of newborn skin is crucial for determining optimal thermal support, infection control, and skin moisturization. So far, in Ethiopia, there is no research done related to the distribution of vernix caseosa and associated factors on newborn skin. Doing such research could give awareness about factors associated with the distribution of vernix caseosa on newborns' skin and to take necessary protective measures for those that may be affected. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the distribution of vernix caseosa and associated factors among newborns delivered at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College from November to December 1, 2021. Methodology Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from November to December 1, 2021 at Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College (ACSHMC). Four hundred twenty-two eligible newborns were selected by a systematic sampling method. Data were collected by four data collectors by using a pretested questionnaire. The distribution of vernix caseosa on the different regions of the neonate was assessed, by exposing their whole body for a minute. Data entry was done by EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. A logistic regression of P-value of <0.25 during bivariate and P < 0.05 during multivariate analysis at a 95% confidence level was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 422 study participants 231 (54.7%) with 95% CI (49.8, 59.8) babies had vernix caseosa. Being primiparous with (AOR = 1.9, PV = 0.013, 95% CI: 1.141, 2.92), being multiparous with (AOR = 1.98, PV = 0.04, CI: 1.29, 3.225), being females with (AOR = 2.1, PV = 0.001, CI: 1.39, 3.18), being preterm with (AOR = 2.98, PV = 0.036, 95% CI: 1.08, 10.72), non-diseased newborns with (AOR = 1.6, PV = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.7) were identified as associated factors for the distribution of vernix caseosa on the newborn skin. Conclusion This study showed that the distribution of vernix caseosa on the skin of the newborns was associated with parity, sex, gestational age, and absence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seble Mesfin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College, Adama, Eastern Ethiopia,Correspondence: Seble Mesfin; Mekbeb Afework, Tel +983501666; +911411285, Email ;
| | - Mekbeb Afework
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Bikila
- Department of Nursing, Arsi University College of Health Science, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Tessema
- Department of Pediatrics, Adama Comprehensive specialized Hospital Medical College, Adama, Eastern Ethiopia
| | - Midekso Sento
- Department of Biomedical Science, Adama Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Medical College, Adama, Eastern Ethiopia
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12
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Oceguera-Yanez F, Avila-Robinson A, Woltjen K. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for modeling human skin development and potential applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1030339. [PMID: 36506084 PMCID: PMC9728031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammals is a multilayered and multicellular tissue that forms an environmental barrier with key functions in protection, regulation, and sensation. While animal models have long served to study the basic functions of the skin in vivo, new insights are expected from in vitro models of human skin development. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have proven to be invaluable tools for studying human development in vitro. To understand the mechanisms regulating human skin homeostasis and injury repair at the molecular level, recent efforts aim to differentiate PSCs towards skin epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and skin appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Here, we present an overview of the literature describing strategies for human PSC differentiation towards the components of skin, with a particular focus on keratinocytes. We highlight fundamental advances in the field employing patient-derived human induced PSCs (iPSCs) and skin organoid generation. Importantly, PSCs allow researchers to model inherited skin diseases in the search for potential treatments. Skin differentiation from human PSCs holds the potential to clarify human skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Oceguera-Yanez
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Fabian Oceguera-Yanez, ; Knut Woltjen,
| | | | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Fabian Oceguera-Yanez, ; Knut Woltjen,
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13
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Dosh RH, Khalfa HM, Al-Rehemi SM, Almsaid HL, Hadi N. IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF P2Y4 PURINERGIC RECEPTORS USING ATP IN RAT EPIDERMAL TISSUE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:2729-2733. [PMID: 36591760 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202211203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: This study was carried out to examine the presence of P2Y4 receptors in rat epidermal tissue and how their in vivo activation leads to histological and genetic changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were separated into six groups each of six rats, the control group and five injected groups with increasing concentrations of ATP intradermally (0.1, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0 μg/ml). The histological and genetic examination was performed from excised tissues. RESULTS Results: Noticeable histological thickening of the epidermal layer in rats injected with high concentrations of ATP. No apparent histological damage was seen in all injected groups. The genetic expression seems to also increase following exposure to variable concentrations of ATP. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Purinergic receptors activated by ATP molecules are highly involved in the development of adult tissues. Their precise location within the epidermal layer indicated their importance in cellular proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells. Excessive exposure to ATP results in their robust genetic ectopic over expression indicative of increased cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hatem Dosh
- DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | | | | | | | - Najah Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
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14
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Kageyama T, Shimizu A, Anakama R, Nakajima R, Suzuki K, Okubo Y, Fukuda J. Reprogramming of three-dimensional microenvironments for in vitro hair follicle induction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4603. [PMID: 36269827 PMCID: PMC9586475 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, reciprocal interactions between epidermal and mesenchymal layers trigger hair follicle morphogenesis. This study revealed that microenvironmental reprogramming via control over these interactions enabled hair follicle induction in vitro. A key approach is to modulate spatial distributions of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in their spontaneous organization. The de novo hair follicles with typical morphological features emerged in aggregates of the two cell types, termed hair follicloids, and hair shafts sprouted with near 100% efficiency in vitro. The hair shaft length reached ~3 mm in culture. Typical trichogenic signaling pathways were up-regulated in hair follicloids. Owing to replication of hair follicle morphogenesis in vitro, melanosome production and transportation were also monitored in the hair bulb region. This in vitro hair follicle model might be valuable for better understanding hair follicle induction, evaluating hair growth and inhibition of hair growth by drugs, and modeling gray hairs in a well-defined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Riki Anakama
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Rikuma Nakajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, 2-5-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-6119, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tono-machi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
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15
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Wang J, Xiao B, Kimura E, Mongan M, Xia Y. The combined effects of Map3k1 mutation and dioxin on differentiation of keratinocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11482. [PMID: 35798792 PMCID: PMC9263165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial development starts with stem cell commitment to ectoderm followed by differentiation to the basal keratinocytes. The basal keratinocytes, first committed in embryogenesis, constitute the basal layer of the epidermis. They have robust proliferation and differentiation potential and are responsible for epidermal expansion, maintenance and regeneration. We generated basal epithelial cells in vitro through differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Early on in differentiation, the expression of stem cell markers, Oct4 and Nanog, decreased sharply along with increased ectoderm marker keratin (Krt) 18. Later on, Krt 18 expression was subdued when cells displayed basal keratinocyte characteristics, including regular polygonal shape, adherent and tight junctions and Krt 14 expression. These cells additionally expressed abundant Sca-1, Krt15 and p63, suggesting epidermal progenitor characteristics. Using Map3k1 mutant mESCs and environmental dioxin, we examined the gene and environment effects on differentiation. Neither Map3k1 mutation nor dioxin altered mESC differentiation to ectoderm and basal keratinocytes, but they, individually and in combination, potentiated Krt 1 expression and basal to spinous differentiation. Similar gene-environment effects were observed in vivo where dioxin exposure increased Krt 1 more substantially in the epithelium of Map3k1+/- than wild type embryos. Thus, the in vitro model of epithelial differentiation can be used to investigate the effects of genetic and environmental factors on epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Eiki Kimura
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Maureen Mongan
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0056, USA.
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16
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Xue Y, Reddy SK, Garza LA. Toward Understanding Wound Immunology for High-Fidelity Skin Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041241. [PMID: 35667792 PMCID: PMC9248820 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Effective tissue repair is vital for the survival of organisms. Yet, how the immune system coordinates with tissue stem cells (SCs) to effect postnatal tissue restoration remains elusive. This review presents current knowledge surrounding wound-induced SC and immune signaling that favors tissue repair, including wound healing and regeneration. We discuss factors that affect regenerative capacities among organisms and the dynamics of local immune cells and SCs during reepithelialization. We also present recent insights into how immune niches communicate with SCs or other body systems to restore the epithelial architecture. Additionally, we summarize our findings on functional wound regeneration, specifically how alarmin (double-stranded RNA [dsRNA])-activated Toll-like receptor signaling and host-microbe interaction-related immune pathways alter the regenerative property of skin SCs. Last, we touch on mechanisms by which known immunologic cellular and molecular signaling might boost the skin's regenerative property. Overall, this review will provide insights into how therapeutically modulating immune signaling could enhance postnatal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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17
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Generating iPSCs with a High-Efficient, Non-Invasive Method-An Improved Way to Cultivate Keratinocytes from Plucked Hair for Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121955. [PMID: 35741085 PMCID: PMC9222083 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various somatic cell types are suitable for induced pluripotency reprogramming, such as dermal fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells or hair keratinocytes. Harvesting primary epithelial keratinocytes from plucked human hair follicles (HFs) represents an easy and non-invasive alternative to a fibroblast culture from invasive skin biopsies. Nevertheless, to facilitate and simplify the process, which can be divided into three main steps (collecting, culturing and reprogramming), the whole procedure of generating hair keratinocytes has to be revised and upgraded continuously. In this study, we address advancements and approaches which improve the generation and handling of primary HF-derived keratinocytes tremendously, e.g., for iPSCs reprogramming. We not only evaluated different serum- and animal-origin-free media, but also supplements and coating solutions for an enhanced protocol. Here, we demonstrate the importance of speed and accuracy in the collecting step, as well as the choice of the right transportation medium. Our results lead to a more defined approach that further increases the reliability of downstream experiments and inter-laboratory reproducibility. These improvements will make it possible to obtain keratinocytes from plucked human hair for the generation of donor-specific iPSCs easier and more efficient than ever before, whilst preserving a non-invasive capability.
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18
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Shakir Alkhafaji R, Muhsin Khalfa H, LF Almsaid H. Rat Hepatocellular Primary Cells: A Cellular and Genetic Assessment of the Chitosan Nanoparticles-Induced Damage and Cytotoxicity. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:579-584. [PMID: 36284954 PMCID: PMC9548247 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.357103.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) is a non-toxic vital polymer that is derived naturally from chitin. Due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, it has attracted researchers' attention. The anti-bacterial activity of 1-3 CH is ideal in an acidic medium due to its weak solubility at pH levels higher than 6.5. The type of CH and the degree of its polymerization affect its anti-microbial activity, as well as some of its other chemical and physical properties. The present study was conducted to investigate the damage induced by chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) at various concentrations on the cultured rat hepatic cells. The CHNPs were synthesized by the ionotropic gelation of CH with sodium tripolyphosphate anions. Hepatic cells were cultured from tissues freshly isolated from the liver of normal laboratory rats. Cells were allowed to reach a confluence level before the treatment with CHNPs. In total, five different concentrations of CHNPs were used, and cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. The genetic expression of P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 purinergic receptors was evaluated on the cellular level using Qualitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The primary culture of rat hepatic cells was thoroughly exposed to a range of CHNPs. Under normal conditions, the cells showed normal cellular morphology with clearly defined borders and normal nuclear structure. Apoptotic cellular damage was observed in the cultured hepatic cells when exposed to CHNPs. Moreover, irregular cellular morphology and heavy pigmentation were noticed in the hepatic cells when exposed to a high concentration of CHNPs. Purinergic receptor gene expression indicated an inflammatory response by an increased gene fold change post-exposure to CHNPs. This study concludes that CHNPs have a strong cytotoxic effect on the cultured rat hepatic cells. Overall, CHNPs showed an inhibitory response to hepatic cells evoking a purine receptor-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shakir Alkhafaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - H Muhsin Khalfa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - H LF Almsaid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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19
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Jung K, Pawluk MA, Lane M, Nabai L, Granville DJ. Granzyme B in Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Related Skin Diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C170-C189. [PMID: 35442832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00052.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predominant function of the skin is to serve as a barrier - to protect against external insults and to prevent water loss. Junctional and structural proteins in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, are critical to the integrity of the epidermal barrier as it balances ongoing outward migration, differentiation, and desquamation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. As such, epidermal barrier function is highly susceptible to upsurges of proteolytic activity in the stratum corneum and epidermis. Granzyme B is a serine protease scarce in healthy tissues but present at high levels in tissues encumbered by chronic inflammation. Discovered in the 1980s, Granzyme B is currently recognized for its intracellular roles in immune cell-mediated targeted apoptosis as well as extracellular roles in inflammation, chronic injuries, tissue remodeling, and processing of cytokines, matrix proteins, and autoantigens. Increasing evidence has emerged in recent years supporting a role for Granzyme B in promoting barrier dysfunction in the epidermis by direct cleavage of barrier proteins and eliciting immunoreactivity. Likewise, Granzyme B contributes to impaired epithelial function of the airways, retina, gut and vessels. In the present review, the role of Granzyme B in cutaneous epithelial dysfunction is discussed in the context of specific conditions with an overview of underlying mechanisms as well as utility of current experimental and therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan A Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Lane
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, VCHRI, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Wang J, He J, Zhu M, Han Y, Yang R, Liu H, Xu X, Chen X. Cellular Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Skin Epithelial Cells in Wound Healing and Tumorigenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1912-1925. [PMID: 35143021 PMCID: PMC9391238 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular differentiation, the fundamental hallmark of cells, plays a critical role in homeostasis. And stem cells not only regulate the process where embryonic stem cells develop into a complete organism, but also replace ageing or damaged cells by proliferation, differentiation and migration. In characterizing distinct subpopulations of skin epithelial cells, stem cells show large heterogeneity and plasticity for homeostasis, wound healing and tumorigenesis. Epithelial stem cells and committed progenitors replenish each other or by themselves owing to the remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity of epidermal cells under certain circumstance. The development of new assay methods, including single-cell RNA sequence, lineage tracing assay, intravital microscopy systems and photon-ablation assay, highlight the plasticity of epidermal stem cells in response to injure and tumorigenesis. However, the critical mechanisms and key factors that regulate cellular plasticity still need for further exploration. In this review, we discuss the recent insights about the heterogeneity and plasticity of epithelial stem cells in homeostasis, wound healing and skin tumorigenesis. Understanding how stem cells collaborate together to repair injury and initiate tumor will offer new solutions for relevant diseases. Schematic abstract of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity of skin epithelial cells in wound healing and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meishu Zhu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Han
- The Yonghe Medical Group Limited Company, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuejuan Xu
- Endocrinology Department, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
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21
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Aleemardani M, Trikić MZ, Green NH, Claeyssens F. The Importance of Mimicking Dermal-Epidermal Junction for Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110148. [PMID: 34821714 PMCID: PMC8614934 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a distinct boundary between the dermis and epidermis in the human skin called the basement membrane, a dense collagen network that creates undulations of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). The DEJ plays multiple roles in skin homeostasis and function, namely, enhancing the adhesion and physical interlock of the layers, creating niches for epidermal stem cells, regulating the cellular microenvironment, and providing a physical boundary layer between fibroblasts and keratinocytes. However, the primary role of the DEJ has been determined as skin integrity; there are still aspects of it that are poorly investigated. Tissue engineering (TE) has evolved promising skin regeneration strategies and already developed TE scaffolds for clinical use. However, the currently available skin TE equivalents neglect to replicate the DEJ anatomical structures. The emergent ability to produce increasingly complex scaffolds for skin TE will enable the development of closer physical and physiological mimics to natural skin; it also allows researchers to study the DEJ effect on cell function. Few studies have created patterned substrates that could mimic the human DEJ to explore their significance. Here, we first review the DEJ roles and then critically discuss the TE strategies to create the DEJ undulating structure and their effects. New approaches in this field could be instrumental for improving bioengineered skin substitutes, creating 3D engineered skin, identifying pathological mechanisms, and producing and screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleemardani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Michael Zivojin Trikić
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Nicola Helen Green
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Germline soma communication mediated by gap junction proteins regulates epithelial morphogenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009685. [PMID: 34343194 PMCID: PMC8330916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction (GJ) proteins, the primary constituents of GJ channels, are conserved determinants of patterning. Canonically, a GJ channel, made up of two hemi-channels contributed by the neighboring cells, facilitates transport of metabolites/ions. Here we demonstrate the involvement of GJ proteins during cuboidal to squamous epithelial transition displayed by the anterior follicle cells (AFCs) from Drosophila ovaries. Somatically derived AFCs stretch and flatten when the adjacent germline cells start increasing in size. GJ proteins, Innexin2 (Inx2) and Innexin4 (Inx4), functioning in the AFCs and germline respectively, promote the shape transformation by modulating calcium levels in the AFCs. Our observations suggest that alterations in calcium flux potentiate STAT activity to influence actomyosin-based cytoskeleton, possibly resulting in disassembly of adherens junctions. Our data have uncovered sequential molecular events underlying the cuboidal to squamous shape transition and offer unique insight into how GJ proteins expressed in the neighboring cells contribute to morphogenetic processes. Shape transitions between different subtypes of epithelial cells i.e., cuboidal, squamous and columnar are ubiquitous and are essential during organogenesis across animal kingdom. We demonstrate that heteromeric combination of gap junction proteins, Drosophila Innexin2 and Drosophila Innexin 4 (also known as Zero population growth or Zpg), expressed in the soma and germline of fly egg respectively, mediates the shape transition of cuboidal follicle cells to squamous fate. Interestingly, the two gap junction proteins likely participate as constituents of a calcium channel. Further, we show that somatic follicle cells and germline nurse cells communicate through calcium fluxes that activates STAT in the follicle cells. Activated STAT modulates the levels/ activity of junctional complexes thus aiding shape transition of cuboidal cells to squamous fate. These findings provide novel insights into how communication between different cell types with distinct origins achieve shape transitions essential for proper organ assemblies.
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Dafinger C, Benzing T, Dötsch J, Schermer B, Liebau MC. Targeted deletion of Ruvbl1 results in severe defects of epidermal development and perinatal mortality. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:1. [PMID: 33580312 PMCID: PMC7881068 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal development is a complex process of regulated cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tightly controlled cell death involving multiple cellular signaling networks. Here, we report a first description linking the AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) superfamily protein Ruvbl1 to mammalian epidermal development. Keratinocyte-specific Ruvbl1 knockout mice (Ruvbl1fl/flK14:Cretg) show a severe phenotype including dramatic structural epidermal defects resulting in the loss of the functional skin barrier and perinatal death. Thus, Ruvbl1 is a newly identified essential player for the development of differentiated epidermis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dafinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Department II of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Siemer K, Husari A, Vach K, Tomakidi P, Hellwig E, Schulz SD, Polydorou O. N-Acetylcysteine modulates the effects of composites on human gingival keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2021; 37:597-611. [PMID: 33551189 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate, if antioxidants, like N-Acetylcysteine, can modulate effects of composite eluates on human gingival keratinocytes. METHODS Composite samples of ceram.x® universal, Filtek™ Supreme XTE, and Admira® Fusion were stored 72h in cell culture medium to prepare eluates, according to ISO 10993-12:2012. Human gingival keratinocytes were exposed to these eluates with or without 3mM N-Acetylcysteine. Following cell observation by iCELLigence®, exposure periods were determined at 1d and 4d. Cell morphological analysis combined with live/dead staining was performed. Tissue-specific biomarkers of terminal differentiation, Involucrin and Filaggrin, were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and Western blot (WB). qPCR profiling was performed on genes encoding for: inflammation, apoptosis, turn-over of extracellular matrix, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. For statistical analysis one-way Anova was used (p<0.05). RESULTS Cells exposed to N-Acetylcysteine exhibited morphological changes but no cell death. After adding 3mM N-Acetylcysteine to HGK cultures, increased fluorescence intensity and protein amounts of Involucrin and Filaggrin indicated enhanced differentiation (p<0.05). Gene expression was modulated by: (i) composition of the composite eluates, (ii) NAC and (iii) exposure time. Filtek™ Supreme XTE showed a significant increased gene expression in inflammatory genes (p<0.05), which was amplified by the addition of NAC at 1d. Concerning exposure time, modulated gene expression showed eluate dependency, substantiated by Filtek™ Supreme XTE modulation at day 1 and Admira® Fusion at day 4. SIGNIFICANCE N-Acetylcysteine-emerging effects on gingival keratinocytes were threefold: (i) increase of differentiation, (ii) modulation of composite-related effects and (iii) in parts counteraction of eluate-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siemer
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - A Husari
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Schulz
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249736. [PMID: 33419358 PMCID: PMC7766199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs.
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26
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Fons JM, Mozaffari M, Malik D, Marshall AR, Connor S, Greene NDE, Tucker AS. Epithelial dynamics shed light on the mechanisms underlying ear canal defects. Development 2020; 147:dev.194654. [PMID: 33093151 PMCID: PMC7758633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defects in ear canal development can cause severe hearing loss as sound waves fail to reach the middle ear. Here, we reveal new mechanisms that control human canal development and highlight for the first time the complex system of canal closure and reopening. These processes can be perturbed in mutant mice and in explant culture, mimicking the defects associated with canal atresia. The more superficial part of the canal forms from an open primary canal that closes and then reopens. In contrast, the deeper part of the canal forms from an extending solid meatal plate that opens later. Closure and fusion of the primary canal was linked to loss of periderm, with failure in periderm formation in Grhl3 mutant mice associated with premature closure of the canal. Conversely, inhibition of cell death in the periderm resulted in an arrest of closure. Once closed, re-opening of the canal occurred in a wave, triggered by terminal differentiation of the epithelium. Understanding these complex processes involved in canal development sheds light on the underlying causes of canal atresia. Highlighted Article: We reveal new mechanisms that control development of the ear canal and highlight for the first time the complex system of canal closure and reopening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mona Mozaffari
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dean Malik
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Abigail R Marshall
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Steve Connor
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Clinical Academic Group, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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27
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Mota C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Baker MB, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10547-10607. [PMID: 32407108 PMCID: PMC7564098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques have been flourishing in the field of biofabrication with pronounced and exponential developments in the past years. Novel biomaterial inks used for the formation of bioinks have been developed, allowing the manufacturing of in vitro models and implants tested preclinically with a certain degree of success. Furthermore, incredible advances in cell biology, namely, in pluripotent stem cells, have also contributed to the latest milestones where more relevant tissues or organ-like constructs with a certain degree of functionality can already be obtained. These incredible strides have been possible with a multitude of multidisciplinary teams around the world, working to make bioprinted tissues and organs more relevant and functional. Yet, there is still a long way to go until these biofabricated constructs will be able to reach the clinics. In this review, we summarize the main bioprinting activities linking them to tissue and organ development and physiology. Most bioprinting approaches focus on mimicking fully matured tissues. Future bioprinting strategies might pursue earlier developmental stages of tissues and organs. The continuous convergence of the experts in the fields of material sciences, cell biology, engineering, and many other disciplines will gradually allow us to overcome the barriers identified on the demanding path toward manufacturing and adoption of tissue and organ replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration,
MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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28
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Perevedentseva E, Ali N, Lin YC, Karmenyan A, Chang CC, Bibikova O, Skovorodkin I, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Vainio SJ, Kinnunen M, Cheng CL. Au nanostar nanoparticle as a bio-imaging agent and its detection and visualization in biosystems. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5872-5885. [PMID: 33149993 PMCID: PMC7587281 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the imaging of Au nanostars nanoparticles (AuNSt) and their multifunctional applications in biomedical research and theranostics applications. Their optical and spectroscopic properties are considered for the multimodal imaging purpose. The AuNSt are prepared by the seed-meditated method and characterized for use as an agent for bio-imaging. To demonstrate imaging with AuNSt, penetration and localization in different biological models such as cancer cell culture (A549 lung carcinoma cell), 3D tissue model (multicellular tumor spheroid on the base of human oral squamous carcinoma cell, SAS) and murine skin tissue are studied. AuNSt were visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) at two-photon excitation with a pulse duration 140 fs, repetition rate 80 MHz and 780 nm wavelength femtosecond laser. Strong emission of AuNSt at two-photon excitation in the near infrared range and fluorescence lifetime less than 0.5 ns were observed. It allows using AuNSt as a fluorescent marker at two-photon fluorescence microscopy and lifetime imaging (FLIM). It was shown that AuNSt can be observed inside a thick sample (tissue and its model). This is the first demonstration using AuNSt as an imaging agent for FLIM at two-photon excitation in biosystems. Increased scattering of near-infrared light upon excitation of AuNSt surface plasmon oscillation was also observed and rendered using a possible contrast agent for optical coherence tomography (OCT). AuNSt detection in a biological system using FLIM is compared with OCT on the model of AuNSt penetrating into animal skin. The AuNSt application for multimodal imaging is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perevedentseva
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
- P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N Ali
- Biocenter Oulu, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Y-C Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - A Karmenyan
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chang
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - O Bibikova
- Biocenter Oulu, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - I Skovorodkin
- Biocenter Oulu, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - R Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen
- Biocenter Oulu, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - S J Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, Infotech Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M Kinnunen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - C-L Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
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29
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Kao WWY. Keratin expression by corneal and limbal stem cells during development. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108206. [PMID: 32882212 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Keratins are the forming units of intermediate filaments (IF) that provide mechanical support, and formation of desmosomes between cells and hemi desmosomes with basement membranes for epithelium integrity. Keratin IF are polymers of obligate heterodimer consisting one type I keratin and one type II keratin molecules. There are 54 functional keratin genes in human genome, which are classified into three major groups, i.e., epithelial keratins, hair follicle cell-specific epithelial keratins and hair keratins. Their expression is cell type-specific and developmentally regulated. Corneal epithelium expresses a subgroup of keratins similar to those of epidermal epithelium. Limbal basal stem cells express K5/K14, and K8/K18 and K8/K19 IF suggesting that there probably are two populations of limbal stem cells (LSCs). In human, LSCs at limbal basal layer can directly stratify and differentiate to limbal suprabasal cells that express K3/K12 IF, or centripetally migrate then differentiate to corneal basal transient amplifying cells (TAC) that co-express both K3/K12 and K5/K14 prior to moving upward and assuming suprabasal cells phenotype of only K3/K12 expression that signifies corneal type epithelium differentiation. In rodent, the differentiated cornea epithelial cells express K5/K12 in lieu of K3/K12, because K3 allele exists as a pseudogene and does not encode a functional K3 protein. The basal corneal cells of new-born mice originate from surface ectoderm during embryonic development slowly commit to differentiation of becoming TAC co-expressing K5/K12 and K5/K14 IF. However, the centripetal migration may still occur at a slower rate in young mice, which is accelerated during wound healing. In this review, we will discuss and compare the cornea-specific keratins expression patterns between corneal and epidermal epithelial cells during mouse development, and between human and mouse during development and homeostasis in adult, and pathology caused by a mutation of keratins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston W-Y Kao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0838, USA.
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Panicker N, Coutman M, Lawlor-O’Neill C, Kahl RGS, Roselli S, Verrills NM. Ppp2r2a Knockout Mice Reveal That Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit, PP2A-B55α, Is an Essential Regulator of Neuronal and Epidermal Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:358. [PMID: 32582689 PMCID: PMC7290052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a master regulator of the complex cellular signaling that occurs during all stages of mammalian development. PP2A is composed of a catalytic, a structural, and regulatory subunit, for which there are multiple isoforms. The association of specific regulatory subunits determines substrate specificity and localization of phosphatase activity, however, the precise role of each regulatory subunit in development is not known. Here we report the generation of the first knockout mouse for the Ppp2r2a gene, encoding the PP2A-B55α regulatory subunit, using CRISPR/Cas9. Heterozygous animals developed and grew as normal, however, homozygous knockout mice were not viable. Analysis of embryos at different developmental stages found a normal Mendelian ratio of Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at embryonic day (E) 10.5 (25%), but reduced Ppp2r2a-/- embryos at E14.5 (18%), and further reduced at E18.5 (10%). No live Ppp2r2a-/- pups were observed at birth. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were significantly smaller than wild-type or heterozygous littermates and displayed a variety of neural defects such as exencephaly, spina bifida, and cranial vault collapse, as well as syndactyly and severe epidermal defects; all processes driven by growth and differentiation of the ectoderm. Ppp2r2a-/- embryos had incomplete epidermal barrier acquisition, associated with thin, poorly differentiated stratified epithelium with weak attachment to the underlying dermis. The basal keratinocytes in Ppp2r2a-/- embryos were highly disorganized, with reduced immunolabeling of integrins and basement membrane proteins, suggesting impaired focal adhesion and hemidesmosome assembly. The spinous and granular layers were thinner in the Ppp2r2a-/- embryos, with aberrant expression of adherens and tight junction associated proteins. The overlying stratum corneum was either absent or incomplete. Thus PP2A-B55α is an essential regulator of epidermal stratification, and is essential for ectodermal development during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Panicker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Melody Coutman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Charley Lawlor-O’Neill
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Séverine Roselli
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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31
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He N, Su R, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li J. Exploring differentially expressed genes between anagen and telogen secondary hair follicle stem cells from the Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) by RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231376. [PMID: 32298297 PMCID: PMC7162518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) have been shown to be essential in the development and regeneration of hair follicles (HFs). The Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) has two types of HFs, primary and secondary, with cashmere being produced from the secondary hair follicle. To identify the genes associated with cashmere growth, transcriptome profiling of anagen and telogen secondary HFSCs was performed by RNA-Seq. The RNA-Seq analysis generated over 58 million clean reads from each group, with 2717 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected between anagen and telogen, including 1500 upregulated and 1217 downregulated DEGs. A large number of DEGs were predominantly associated with cell part, cellular process, binding, biological regulation and organelle. In addition, the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Ras and Rap1 signaling pathways may be involved in the growth of HFSCs cultured in vitro. The RNA-Seq results showed that the well-defined HFSC signature genes and cell cycle-associated genes showed no significant differences between anagen and telogen HFSCs, indicating a relatively quiescent cellular state of the HFSCs cultured in vitro. These results are useful for future studies of complex molecular mechanisms of hair follicle cycling in cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimantana He
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Agriculture Research Center, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Shue YT, Lee KT, Walters BW, Ong HB, Silvaraju S, Lam WJ, Lim CY. Dynamic shifts in chromatin states differentially mark the proliferative basal cells and terminally differentiated cells of the developing epidermis. Epigenetics 2020; 15:932-948. [PMID: 32175801 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1738028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on nucleosomal histones represent a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism to mediate the complex gene expression, DNA replication, and cell cycle changes that occur in embryonic cells undergoing lineage specification, maturation, and differentiation during development. Here, we investigated the dynamics of 13 key histone marks in epidermal cells at three distinct stages of embryonic skin development and identified significant changes that corresponded with the maturation of the proliferative basal epidermal cells and terminally differentiated cells in the stratified layers. In particular, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were accumulated and became more prominent in the basal cells at later stages of epidermal development, while H3K27me3 was found to be low in the basal cells but highly enriched in the differentiated suprabasal cell types. Constitutive heterochromatin marked by H4K20me3 was also significantly elevated in differentiated epidermal cells at late gestation stages, which exhibited a concomitant loss of H4K16 acetylation. These differential chromatin profiles were established in the embryonic skin by gestation day 15 and further amplified at E18 and in postnatal skin. Our results reveal the dynamic chromatin states that occur as epidermal progenitor cells commit to the lineage and differentiate into the different cells of the stratified epidermis and provide insight to the underlying epigenetic pathways that support normal epidermal development and homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ting Shue
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kang Ting Lee
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Benjamin William Walters
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Hui Binn Ong
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shaktheeshwari Silvaraju
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Wei Jun Lam
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Bioactive Molecules for Skin Repair and Regeneration: Progress and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6789823. [PMID: 32082386 PMCID: PMC7012201 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6789823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin regeneration is a vexing problem in the field of regenerative medicine. A bioactive molecule-based strategy has been frequently used in skin wound healing in recent years. Bioactive molecules are practical tools for regulating cellular processes and have been applied to control cellular differentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of bioactive molecules in skin regenerative medicine, by which desired cell types can be generated in vitro for cell therapy and conventional therapeutics can be developed to repair and regenerate skin in vivo through activation of the endogenous repairing potential. We further prospect that the bioactive molecule-base method might be one of the promising strategies to achieve in situ skin regeneration in the future.
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van Soldt BJ, Cardoso WV. Hippo-Yap/Taz signaling: Complex network interactions and impact in epithelial cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e371. [PMID: 31828974 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway has emerged as a crucial integrator of signals in biological events from development to adulthood and in diseases. Although extensively studied in Drosophila and in cell cultures, major gaps of knowledge still remain on how this pathway functions in mammalian systems. The pathway consists of a growing number of components, including core kinases and adaptor proteins, which control the subcellular localization of the transcriptional co-activators Yap and Taz through phosphorylation of serines at key sites. When localized to the nucleus, Yap/Taz interact with TEAD transcription factors to induce transcriptional programs of proliferation, stemness, and growth. In the cytoplasm, Yap/Taz interact with multiple pathways to regulate a variety of cellular functions or are targeted for degradation. The Hippo pathway receives cues from diverse intracellular and extracellular inputs, including growth factor and integrin signaling, polarity complexes, and cell-cell junctions. This review highlights the mechanisms of regulation of Yap/Taz nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and their implications for epithelial cell behavior using the lung as an intriguing example of this paradigm. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J van Soldt
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Perevedentseva E, Ali N, Karmenyan A, Skovorodkin I, Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R, Vainio S, Cheng CL, Kinnunen M. Optical Studies of Nanodiamond-Tissue Interaction: Skin Penetration and Localization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3762. [PMID: 31731700 PMCID: PMC6888210 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, several optical-spectroscopic methods have been used to visualize and investigate the penetration of diamond nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes (3-150 nm), surface structures and fluorescence properties into the animal skin in vitro. Murine skin samples have been treated with nanodiamond (ND) water suspensions and studied using optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal and two-photon fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). An analysis of the optical properties of the used nanodiamonds (NDs) enables the selection of optimal optical methods or their combination for the study of nanodiamond-skin interaction. Among studied NDs, particles of 100 nm in nominal size were shown to be appropriate for multimodal imaging using all three methods. All the applied NDs were able to cross the skin barrier and penetrate the different layers of the epidermis to finally arrive in the hair follicle niches. The results suggest that NDs have the potential for multifunctional applications utilizing multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perevedentseva
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (E.P.); (A.K.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute of Rus. Acad. Sci., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Nsrein Ali
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (N.A.); (I.S.); (R.P.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Artashes Karmenyan
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (E.P.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (N.A.); (I.S.); (R.P.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Renata Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (N.A.); (I.S.); (R.P.-H.); (S.V.)
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; (N.A.); (I.S.); (R.P.-H.); (S.V.)
- Borealis Biobank of Northern Finland, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (E.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Matti Kinnunen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
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Lang CMR, Chan CK, Veltri A, Lien WH. Wnt Signaling Pathways in Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091216. [PMID: 31438551 PMCID: PMC6769728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin functions as a barrier between the organism and the surrounding environment. Direct exposure to external stimuli and the accumulation of genetic mutations may lead to abnormal cell growth, irreversible tissue damage and potentially favor skin malignancy. Skin homeostasis is coordinated by an intricate signaling network, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the development of skin cancers. Wnt signaling is one such regulatory pathway orchestrating skin development, homeostasis, and stem cell activation. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling cascades not only gives rise to tumor initiation, progression and invasion, but also maintains cancer stem cells which contribute to tumor recurrence. In this review, we summarize recent studies highlighting functional evidence of Wnt-related oncology in keratinocyte carcinomas, as well as discussing preclinical and clinical approaches that target oncogenic Wnt signaling to treat cancers. Our review provides valuable insight into the significance of Wnt signaling for future interventions against keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chim Kei Chan
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Anthony Veltri
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
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An Ectoderm-Derived Myeloid-like Cell Population Functions as Antigen Transporters for Langerhans Cells in Zebrafish Epidermis. Dev Cell 2019; 49:605-617.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Chan C, Kamiguchi H, Shimogori T. Spatially restricted long-term transgene expression in the developing skin used for studying the interaction of epidermal development and sensory innervation. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:276-282. [PMID: 30968390 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin development is tightly temporally coordinated with its sensory innervation, which consists of the peripheral branches of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons. Various studies suggest that the skin produces a long-range attractant for the sensory axons. However, the exact identity of the guidance cue(s) remains unclear. To reveal the detailed molecular mechanism that controls DRG axon guidance and targeting, manipulation of specific skin layers at specific time points are required. To test a variety of attractants that can be expressed in specific skin layers at specific timepoints, we combined in utero electroporation with the Tol2 transposon system to induce long-term transgene expression in the developing mouse skin, including in the highly proliferative epidermal stem cells (basal layer) and their descendants (spinous and granular layer cells). The plasmid solution was injected as close to the hindpaw plantar surface as possible. Immediately, electric pulses were passed through the embryo to transduce the plasmid DNA into hindpaw skin cells. Balancing outcome measurements including: embryo survival, transfection efficiency, and the efficiency of transgene integration into host cells, we found that IUE was best performed on E13.5, and using an electroporation voltage of 34V. After immunostaining embryonic and early postnatal skin tissue sections for keratinocyte and sensory axon markers, we observe the growth of axons into skin epidermal layers including areas expressing EGFP. Therefore, this method is useful for studying the interaction between axon growth and epidermal cell division/differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Chan
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Neural Cell Dynamics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Neural Cell Dynamics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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39
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Wang R, Wang Y, Yao B, Hu T, Li Z, Huang S, Fu X. Beyond 2D: 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration. Int Wound J 2019; 16:134-138. [PMID: 30240111 PMCID: PMC7949282 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential cellular functions that are present in tissues are missed by two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer culture. It certainly limits their potential to predict the cellular responses of real organisms. Engineering approaches offer solutions to overcome current limitations. For example, establishing a three-dimensional (3D)-based matrix is motivated by the need to mimic the functions of living tissues, which will have a strong impact on regenerative medicine. However, as a novel approach, it requires the development of new standard protocols to increase the efficiency of clinical translation. In this review, we summarised the various aspects of requirements related to well-suited 3D bioprinting techniques for skin regeneration and discussed how to overcome current bottlenecks and propel these therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
| | - Yihui Wang
- Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhao Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesGeneral Hospital of PLABeijingChina
| | - Sha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesGeneral Hospital of PLABeijingChina
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and RegenerationFirst Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLABeijingChina
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesGeneral Hospital of PLABeijingChina
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40
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Kousa YA, Fuller E, Schutte BC. IRF6 and AP2A Interaction Regulates Epidermal Development. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2578-2588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Schliermann A, Nickel J. Unraveling the Connection between Fibroblast Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103220. [PMID: 30340367 PMCID: PMC6214098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ontogeny of higher organisms as well the regulation of tissue homeostasis in adult individuals requires a fine-balanced interplay of regulating factors that individually trigger the fate of particular cells to either stay undifferentiated or to differentiate towards distinct tissue specific lineages. In some cases, these factors act synergistically to promote certain cellular responses, whereas in other tissues the same factors antagonize each other. However, the molecular basis of this obvious dual signaling activity is still only poorly understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are two major signal protein families that have a lot in common: They are both highly preserved between different species, involved in essential cellular functions, and their ligands vastly outnumber their receptors, making extensive signal regulation necessary. In this review we discuss where and how BMP and FGF signaling cross paths. The compiled data reflect that both factors synchronously act in many tissues, and that antagonism and synergism both exist in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, by challenging a generalization of the connection between these two pathways a new chapter in BMP FGF signaling research will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schliermann
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institut für Silicatforschung, Translationszentrum TLZ-RT, Röntgenring 11, 97222 Würzburg, Germany.
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1796-1810. [PMID: 30017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as a long-lasting multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune skin condition precisely characterized by delimited, erythematic papules with adherent shiny scales. The conditions are led by hyperproliferative responses of epidermis due to hyperactivation and immature keratinocytes production. The psoriatic skin consists of the thickened epidermal layer, in concurrence with inflammatory exudates in the dermis mainly of dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, contributing to the distinct manifestation of psoriatic lesions. It consents to multifaceted and discrete pathology due to the genetic and immunological alteration resulting from abnormal expression of various regulatory and structural proteins. These proteins are associated with various cellular and sub-cellular activities. Therefore, the presence of protein in a pathological cellular environment in the psoriatic lesions as well as in serum could be a great avenue for the insight of pathomechanism, anticipation and diagnosis of psoriasis. Research of protein biomarker in psoriasis is yet a developing realm to be explored by both fundamental and clinical researchers. This review is an attempt to assimilate the current discoveries and revelations of different proteins as a biomarker and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipation of both the inflammatory and other dermatological aspects of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
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43
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Sevilla LM, Pérez P. Roles of the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Skin Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071906. [PMID: 29966221 PMCID: PMC6073661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily comprises approximately 50 evolutionarily conserved proteins that play major roles in gene regulation by prototypically acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Besides their central role in physiology, NRs have been largely used as therapeutic drug targets in many chronic inflammatory conditions and derivatives of their specific ligands, alone or in combination, are frequently prescribed for the treatment of skin diseases. In particular, glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used compounds for treating prevalent skin diseases such as psoriasis due to their anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions. However, and despite their therapeutic efficacy, the long-term use of GCs is limited because of the cutaneous adverse effects including atrophy, delayed wound healing, and increased susceptibility to stress and infections. The GC receptor (GR/NR3C1) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR/NR3C2) are members of the NR subclass NR3C that are highly related, both structurally and functionally. While the GR is ubiquitously expressed and is almost exclusively activated by GCs; an MR has a more restricted tissue expression pattern and can bind GCs and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone with similar high affinity. As these receptors share 95% identity in their DNA binding domains; both can recognize the same hormone response elements; theoretically resulting in transcriptional regulation of the same target genes. However, a major mechanism for specific activation of GRs and/or MRs is at the pre-receptor level by modulating the local availability of active GCs. Furthermore, the selective interactions of each receptor with spatio-temporally regulated transcription factors and co-regulators are crucial for the final transcriptional outcome. While there are abundant genome wide studies identifying GR transcriptional targets in a variety of tissue and cell types; including keratinocytes; the data for MR is more limited thus far. Our group and others have studied the role of GRs and MRs in skin development and disease by generating and characterizing mouse and cellular models with gain- and loss-of-function for each receptor. Both NRs are required for skin barrier competence during mouse development and also play a role in adult skin homeostasis. Moreover, the combined loss of epidermal GRs and MRs caused a more severe skin phenotype relative to single knock-outs (KOs) in developing skin and in acute inflammation and psoriasis, indicating that these corticosteroid receptors play cooperative roles. Understanding GR- and MR-mediated signaling in skin should contribute to deciphering their tissue-specific relative roles and ultimately help to improve GC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Epidermal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors act cooperatively to regulate epidermal development and counteract skin inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:588. [PMID: 29789551 PMCID: PMC5964110 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate epidermal development and combat skin inflammatory diseases. GC actions can be mediated through the GC receptor (GR) and/or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), highly homologous ligand-activated transcription factors. While the role of GR as a potent anti-inflammatory mediator is well known, that of MR is not as clear, nor is whether these receptors cooperate or antagonize each other in the epidermis. To address this, we generated mice with epidermal-specific loss of both receptors (double knockout, DKO), and analyzed the phenotypical and functional consequences relative to single KOs or controls (CO). At birth, DKO epidermis displayed a phenotype of defective differentiation and inflammation, which was more severe than in either single KO, featuring neutrophil-containing infiltrates, and gene dysregulation characteristic of human psoriatic lesions. This phenotype resolved spontaneously. However, in adulthood, single or combined loss of GC receptors increased susceptibility to inflammation and hyperproliferation triggered by phorbol ester which, different to CO, was not effectively counteracted by GC treatment. Also, DKOs were more susceptible to imiquimod-induced psoriasis than CO showing severe defective epidermal differentiation and microabcesses while single KOs showed an intermediate response. Immortalized DKO keratinocytes featured increased proliferation kinetics and reduced cell size, a unique phenotype relative to single KO cells. The lack of GR and MR in keratinocytes, individual or combined, caused constitutive increases in p38 and ERK activities, which were partially reversed upon reinsertion of receptors into DKO cells. DKO keratinocytes also displayed significant increases in AP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional activities, which were partially rescued by ERK and p38 inhibition, respectively. Reinsertion of GR and MR in DKO keratinocytes resulted in physical and cooperative functional interactions that restored the transcriptional response to GCs. In conclusion, our data have revealed that epidermal GR and MR act cooperatively to regulate epidermal development and counteract skin inflammation.
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45
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He N, Dong Z, Tai D, Liang H, Guo X, Cang M, Liu D. The role of Sox9 in maintaining the characteristics and pluripotency of Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells. Cytotechnology 2018. [PMID: 29541960 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, we isolated Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells (gHFSCs) and explored the pluripotency. In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of Sox9 in the gHFSCs. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Sox9 is predominantly expressed in the bulge region of the Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle, and also positively expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of the gHFSCs. When the cells were transfected using Sox9-shRNA, cell growth slowed down and the expression of related genes decreased significantly, cell cycle was abnormal, while the expression of terminal differentiation marker loricrin was markedly increased; cells lost the typical morphology of HFSCs; the mRNA and protein expression of gHFSCs markers and stem cell pluripotency associated factors were all significantly decreased; the expression of Wnt signaling pathway genes LEF1, TCF1,c-Myc were significantly changed. These results suggested that Sox9 plays important role in gHFSCs characteristics and pluripotency maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimantana He
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenguo Dong
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dapeng Tai
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ming Cang
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wilms C, Krikki I, Hainzl A, Kilo S, Alupei M, Makrantonaki E, Wagner M, Kroeger CM, Brinker TJ, Gatzka M. 2A-DUB/Mysm1 Regulates Epidermal Development in Part by Suppressing p53-Mediated Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030687. [PMID: 29495602 PMCID: PMC5877548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of the epidermis are governed by a complex network of sequence-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers cooperatively regulating the subtle balance of progenitor cell self-renewal and terminal differentiation. To investigate the role of histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in the skin, we systematically analyzed expression, developmental functions, and potential interactions of this epigenetic regulator using Mysm1-deficient mice and skin-derived epidermal cells. Morphologically, skin of newborn and young adult Mysm1-deficient mice was atrophic with reduced thickness and cellularity of epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, in context with altered barrier function. Skin atrophy correlated with reduced proliferation rates in Mysm1-/- epidermis and hair follicles, and increased apoptosis compared with wild-type controls, along with increases in DNA-damage marker γH2AX. In accordance with diminished α6-Integrinhigh+CD34⁺ epidermal stem cells, reduced colony formation of Mysm1-/- epidermal progenitors was detectable in vitro. On the molecular level, we identified p53 as potential mediator of the defective Mysm1-deficient epidermal compartment, resulting in increased pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative gene expression. In Mysm1-/-p53-/- double-deficient mice, significant recovery of skin atrophy was observed. Functional properties of Mysm1-/- developing epidermis were assessed by quantifying the transepidermal water loss. In summary, this investigation uncovers a role for 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in suppression of p53-mediated inhibitory programs during epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sonja Kilo
- Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Marius Alupei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Qiao J, Zhang S, Liu S, Li N, Lei X, Ning L, Cao Y, Duan E. Expansion of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Sticking to Isolated Sebaceous Glands to Generate in Vivo Epidermal Structures. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2071-2082. [PMID: 27302156 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered one of the useful donor cell types for skin regenerative medicine owing to their robust proliferative capacity and multipotency. However, methods for easily and effectively obtaining HFSCs from a limited skin biopsy are still lacking. Here we report a novel approach for obtaining a subpopulation of HFSCs from a small skin sample from the rat tail, which uses the sebaceous glands (SGs) to capture the adjacent HFSCs. By means of organ culture, keratinocytes were expanded from the detached SGs, which also included adherent HFSCs from the hair follicle that could be passaged at the single-cell level. These SG-captured keratinocytes strongly expressed the basal layer markers K14, integrin α6, and p63; the bulge stem cell marker K15; and the upper isthmus stem cell marker Plet1. Furthermore, we reconstituted new epidermis, hair follicles, and SGs from the SG-captured keratinocytes using an easily operated, modified skin reconstitution assay based on silicone gel sheeting. This study suggests that the SGs could be an accessible capturer to harvest the adjacent HFSC subpopulation, particularly when the donor tissue is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lina Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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48
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Hu MS, Borrelli MR, Hong WX, Malhotra S, Cheung ATM, Ransom RC, Rennert RC, Morrison SD, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Embryonic skin development and repair. Organogenesis 2018; 14:46-63. [PMID: 29420124 PMCID: PMC6150059 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1421882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal cutaneous wounds have the unique ability to completely regenerate wounded skin and heal without scarring. However, adult cutaneous wounds heal via a fibroproliferative response which results in the formation of a scar. Understanding the mechanism(s) of scarless wound healing leads to enormous clinical potential in facilitating an environment conducive to scarless healing in adult cutaneous wounds. This article reviews the embryonic development of the skin and outlines the structural and functional differences in adult and fetal wound healing phenotypes. A review of current developments made towards applying this clinical knowledge to promote scarless healing in adult wounds is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wan Xing Hong
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samir Malhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander T. M. Cheung
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan C. Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert C. Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shane D. Morrison
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - H. Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Abstract
The sensation of touch is mediated by mechanosensory neurons that are embedded in skin and relay signals from the periphery to the central nervous system. During embryogenesis, axons elongate from these neurons to make contact with the developing skin. Concurrently, the epithelium of skin transforms from a homogeneous tissue into a heterogeneous organ that is made up of distinct layers and microdomains. Throughout this process, each neuronal terminal must form connections with an appropriate skin region to serve its function. This Review presents current knowledge of the development of the sensory microdomains in mammalian skin and the mechanosensory neurons that innervate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair A Jenkins
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and Department of Dermatology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ellen A Lumpkin
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and Department of Dermatology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Veltri A, Lang C, Lien WH. Concise Review: Wnt Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Epidermal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 36:22-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Veltri
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Christopher Lang
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
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