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Karaküçük-İyidoğan A, Başaran E, Tatar-Yılmaz G, Oruç-Emre EE. Development of new chiral 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles with promising in vivo anticonvulsant activity targeting GABAergic system and voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107662. [PMID: 39079390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used in the treatment of epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by recurrent and untriggered seizures that aim to prevent seizures as a symptomatic treatment. However, they still have significant side effects as well as drug resistance. In recent years, especially 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles have attracted attention in preclinical and clinical studies as important drug candidates owing to their anticonvulsant properties. Therefore, in this study, which was conducted to discover AED candidate molecules with reduced side effects at low doses, a series of chiral 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (4a-d) and 4,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazole-3 thiones (5a-d) were designed and synthesized starting from l-phenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride. The anticonvulsant activities of the new chiral compounds were assessed in several animal seizure models in mice and rats for initial (phase I) screening after their chemical structures including the configuration of the chiral center were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. First, all chiral compounds were pre-screened using acute seizure tests induced electrically (maximal electroshock test, 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model) and induced chemically (subcutaneous metrazol seizure model) in mice and also their neurotoxicity (TOX) was determined in the rotorad assay. Two of the tested compounds were used for quantitative testing, and (S)-(+)5-[1-(4-fluorobenzamido)-2-phenylethyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (5b) and (S)-(+)-(5-[1-(4-fluorobenzamido)-2-phenylethyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (5c) emerged as the most promising anticonvulsant drug candidates and also showed low neurotoxicity. The antiepileptogenic potential of these compounds was determined using a chronic seizure induced electrically corneal kindled mouse model. Furthermore, all chiral compounds were tested for their neuroprotective effect against excitotoxic kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) induced in vitro neuroprotection assay using an organotypic hippocampal slice culture. The KA-induced neuroprotection assay results revealed that compounds 5b and 5c, which are the leading compounds for anticonvulsant activity, also had the strongest neuroprotective effects with IC50 values of 103.30 ± 1.14 and 113.40 ± 1.20 μM respectively. Molecular docking studies conducted to investigate the molecular binding mechanism of the tested compounds on the GABAA receptor showed that compound 5b exhibits a strong affinity to the benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site on GABA. It also revealed that the NaV1.3 binding interactions were consistent with the experimental data and the reported binding mode of the ICA121431 inhibitor. This suggests that compound 5b has a high affinity for these specific binding sites, indicating its potential as a ligand for modulating GABAA and NaV1.3 receptor activity. Furthermore, the ADME properties displayed that all the physicochemical and pharmacological parameters of the compounds stayed within the specified limits and revealed a high bioavailability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyüp Başaran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, 72060 Batman, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar-Yılmaz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Bioinformatics, Institue of Health Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Emine Elçin Oruç-Emre
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
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Ramos-Moreno T, Cifra A, Litsa NL, Melin E, Ahl M, Christiansen SH, Gøtzsche CR, Cescon M, Bonaldo P, van Loo K, Borger V, Jasper JA, Becker A, van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Woldbye DP, Kokaia M. Collagen VI: Role in synaptic transmission and seizure-related excitability. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114911. [PMID: 39094767 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Collagen VI (Col-VI) is an extracellular matrix protein primarily known for its bridging role in connective tissues that has been suggested to play a neuroprotective role. In the present study we report increased mRNA and protein expression of Col-VI in the hippocampus and cortex at a late stage of epileptogenesis in a post-status epilepticus (SE) model of epilepsy and in brain tissue from patients with epilepsy. We further present a novel finding that exposure of mouse hippocampal slices to Col-VI augments paired-pulse facilitation in Schaffer collateral-CA1 excitatory synapses indicating decreased release probability of glutamate. In line with this finding, lack of Col-VI expression in the knock-out mice show paired-pulse depression in these synapses, suggesting increased release probability of glutamate. In addition, we observed dynamic changes in Col-VI blood plasma levels in rats after Kainate-induced SE, and increased levels of Col-VI mRNA and protein in autopsy or postmortem brain of humans suffering from epilepsy. Thus, our data indicate that elevated levels of ColVI following seizures leads to attenuated glutamatergic transmission, ultimately resulting in less overall network excitability. Presumably, increased Col-VI may act as part of endogenous compensatory mechanism against enhanced excitability during epileptogenic processes in the hippocampus, and could be further investigated as a potential functional biomarker of epileptogenesis, and/or a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ramos-Moreno
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Cifra
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nikitidou Ledri Litsa
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Esbjörn Melin
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ahl
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sören H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper R Gøtzsche
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Karen van Loo
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valeri Borger
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Anink Jasper
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Becker
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - David P Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merab Kokaia
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Park S, Cho S, Kim KM, Chu MK, Kim CH, Jeong KH, Kim WJ. Honokiol-induced SIRT3 upregulation protects hippocampal neurons by suppressing inflammatory processes in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurochem Int 2024; 180:105873. [PMID: 39362498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE), a continuous and self-sustaining epileptic seizure lasting more than 30 min, is a neurological emergency that can cause severe brain injuries and increase the risk for the development of epilepsy. Over the past few decades, accumulating evidence has suggested the importance of brain inflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Honokiol (HNK), a pharmacological activator of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), is a bioactive compound extracted from the bark or leaves of Magnolia plants that possesses therapeutic benefits for preventing the development of inflammatory injury. However, the therapeutic effects of HNK against epileptic brain injury via regulating molecular mechanisms related to neuroinflammation remains elusive. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of HNK on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PCSE) and the therapeutic benefits of HNK in regulating inflammatory processes in the hippocampus. Treatment with HNK before PCSE induction attenuated the initiation of behavioral seizures. Post-treatment with HNK after SE onset increased SIRT3 expression, which mitigated glial activation, including reactive astrocytes and activated microglia, in the hippocampus following PCSE. Moreover, HNK treatment reduced the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat with a pyrin-domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway, thereby inhibiting the production of interleukin-1β pro-inflammatory cytokine, subsequently alleviating PCSE-triggered apoptotic neuronal death in the hippocampus. These results indicate that HNK-induced SIRT3 upregulation has the potential to prevent the progression of epileptic neuropathology through its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study suggests that HNK is a natural therapeutic agent for epileptic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomi Cho
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Ghosh A, Ribeiro-Rodrigues L, Ruffolo G, Alfano V, Domingos C, Rei N, Tosh DK, Rombo DM, Morais TP, Valente CA, Xapelli S, Bordadágua B, Rainha-Campos A, Bentes C, Aronica E, Diógenes MJ, Vaz SH, Ribeiro JA, Palma E, Jacobson KA, Sebastião AM. Selective modulation of epileptic tissue by an adenosine A 3 receptor-activating drug. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39300608 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine, through the A1 receptor (A1R), is an endogenous anticonvulsant. The development of adenosine receptor agonists as antiseizure medications has been hampered by their cardiac side effects. A moderately A1R-selective agonist, MRS5474, has been reported to suppress seizures without considerable cardiac action. Hypothesizing that this drug could act through other than A1R and/or through a disease-specific mechanism, we assessed the effect of MRS5474 on the hippocampus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Excitatory synaptic currents, field potentials, spontaneous activity, [3H]GABA uptake and GABAergic currents were recorded from rodent or human hippocampal tissue. Alterations in adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) density in human tissue were assessed by Western blot. KEY RESULTS MRS5474 (50-500 nM) was devoid of effect upon rodent excitatory synaptic signals in hippocampal slices, except when hyperexcitability was previously induced in vivo or ex vivo. MRS5474 inhibited GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1)-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake, an action not blocked by an A1R antagonist but blocked by an A3R antagonist and mimicked by an A3R agonist. A3R was overexpressed in human hippocampal tissue samples from patients with epilepsy that had focal resection from surgery. MRS5474 induced a concentration-dependent potentiation of GABA-evoked currents in oocytes micro-transplanted with human hippocampal membranes prepared from epileptic hippocampal tissue but not from non-epileptic tissue, an action blocked by an A3R antagonist. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a drug that activates A3R and has selective actions on epileptic hippocampal tissue. This underscores A3R as a promising target for the development of antiseizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Ghosh
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cátia Domingos
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Morais
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Bordadágua
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Rainha-Campos
- Centro de Referência para a área da Epilepsia Refratária (ERN EpiCARE Member), CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurologia, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Bentes
- Centro de Referência para a área da Epilepsia Refratária (ERN EpiCARE Member), CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de EEG/Sono-Unidade de Monitorização Neurofisiológica, Serviço de Neurologia, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Löscher W. Mammalian models of status epilepticus - Their value and limitations. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109923. [PMID: 38944026 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical and neurologic emergency that may lead to permanent brain damage, morbidity, or death. Animal models of SE are particularly important to study the pathophysiology of SE and mechanisms of SE resistance to antiseizure medications with the aim to develop new, more effective treatments. In addition to rodents (rats or mice), larger mammalian species such as dogs, pigs, and nonhuman primates are used. This short review describes and discusses the value and limitations of the most frequently used mammalian models of SE. Issues that are discussed include (1) differences between chemical and electrical SE models; (2) the role of genetic background and environment on SE in rodents; (3) the use of rodent models (a) to study the pathophysiology of SE and mechanisms of SE resistance; (b) to study developmental aspects of SE; (c) to study the efficacy of new treatments, including drug combinations, for refractory SE; (d) to study the long-term consequences of SE and identify biomarkers; (e) to develop treatments that prevent or modify epilepsy; (e) to study the pharmacology of spontaneous seizures; (4) the limitations of animal models of induced SE; and (5) the advantages (and limitations) of naturally (spontaneously) occurring SE in epileptic dogs and nonhuman primates. Overall, mammalian models of SE have significantly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology and drug resistance of SE and identified potential targets for new, more effective treatments. This paper was presented at the 9th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures held in April 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Champsas D, Zhang X, Rosch R, Ioannidou E, Gilmour K, Cooray G, Woodhall G, Pujar S, Kaliakatsos M, Wright SK. NORSE/FIRES: how can we advance our understanding of this devastating condition? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1426051. [PMID: 39175762 PMCID: PMC11338801 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1426051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare and devastating condition characterised by the sudden onset of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) without an identifiable acute or active structural, toxic, or metabolic cause in an individual without a pre-existing diagnosis of epilepsy. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is considered a subcategory of NORSE and presents following a febrile illness prior to seizure onset. NORSE/FIRES is associated with high morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Methods and results In this review we first briefly summarise the reported clinical, paraclinical, treatment and outcome data in the literature. We then report on existing knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology in relation to in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical seizure and epilepsy models of potential relevance to NORSE/FIRES. Discussion We highlight how pre-clinical models can enhance our understanding of FIRES/NORSE and propose future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Champsas
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xushuo Zhang
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rosch
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evangelia Ioannidou
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Gilmour
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Cooray
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gavin Woodhall
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Pujar
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Kaliakatsos
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhvir K. Wright
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Colmers PLW, Arshad MN, Mukherjee J, Lin S, Ng SFJ, Sarmiere P, Davies PA, Moss SJ. Sustained Inhibition of GABA-AT by OV329 Enhances Neuronal Inhibition and Prevents Development of Benzodiazepine Refractory Seizures. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0137-24.2024. [PMID: 38937107 PMCID: PMC11236575 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0137-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain which mediates its rapid effects on neuronal excitability via ionotropic GABAA receptors. GABA levels in the brain are critically dependent upon GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-AT) which promotes its degradation. Vigabatrin, a low-affinity GABA-AT inhibitor, exhibits anticonvulsant efficacy, but its use is limited due to cumulative ocular toxicity. OV329 is a rationally designed, next-generation GABA-AT inhibitor with enhanced potency. We demonstrate that sustained exposure to OV329 in mice reduces GABA-AT activity and subsequently elevates GABA levels in the brain. Parallel increases in the efficacy of GABAergic inhibition were evident, together with elevations in electroencephalographic delta power. Consistent with this, OV329 exposure reduced the severity of status epilepticus and the development of benzodiazepine refractory seizures. Thus, OV329 may be of utility in treating seizure disorders and associated pathologies that result from neuronal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L W Colmers
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Muhammad Nauman Arshad
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | | | | | - Shu Fun Josephine Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | | | - Paul A Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, United Kingdom
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8
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Oliveira RN, Carvalhinho-Lopes PS, Carvalho CPF, Hirata RYS, Vaz SH, Sebastião AM, Armada-Moreira A, Rosário BA, Lemes JA, Soares-Silva B, de Andrade JS, Santos JR, Ribeiro AM, Viana MB. Neuroprotective effects of platinum nanoparticle-based microreactors in bicuculline-induced seizures. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114956. [PMID: 38479475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy designates a group of chronic brain disorders, characterized by the recurrence of hypersynchronous, repetitive activity, of neuronal clusters. Epileptic seizures are the hallmark of epilepsy. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures with minimal side effects. Nevertheless, approximately 30% of patients do not respond to the available drugs. An imbalance between excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission, that leads to excitotoxicity, seizures, and cell death, has been proposed as an important mechanism regarding epileptogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that microreactors composed of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NP) and glutamate dehydrogenase possess in vitro and in vivo activity against excitotoxicity. This study investigates the in vivo effects of these microreactors in an animal model of epilepsy induced by the administration of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline. Male Wistar rats were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with the microreactors or saline and, five days later, injected with bicuculline or saline. Seizure severity was evaluated in an open field. Thirty min after behavioral measurements, animals were euthanized, and their brains processed for neurodegeneration evaluation and for neurogenesis. Treatment with the microreactors significantly increased the time taken for the onset of seizures and for the first tonic-clonic seizure, when compared to the bicuculline group that did not receive the microreactor. The administration of the microreactors also increased the time spent in total exploration and grooming. Treatment with the microreactors decreased bicuculline-induced neurodegeneration and increased neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. These observations suggest that treatment with Pt-NP-based microreactors attenuates the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of epileptiform seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Carvalhinho-Lopes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Carolina P F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Rafael Y S Hirata
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Adam Armada-Moreira
- Neuronal Dynamics Laboratory, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea, Trieste 265 - 34136, Italy
| | - Bárbara A Rosário
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - José S de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n, Cidade Nova Aracaju, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Milena B Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
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Han M, Wang Y, Jing L, Yang G, Liu Y, Mo F, Xu Z, Luo J, Jia Q, Zhu Y, Cao H, Cai X, Liu J. Utilizing GO/PEDOT:PSS/PtNPs-enhanced high-stability microelectrode arrays for investigating epilepsy-induced striatal electrophysiology alterations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1376151. [PMID: 38633666 PMCID: PMC11022210 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1376151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum plays a crucial role in studying epilepsy, as it is involved in seizure generation and modulation of brain activity. To explore the complex interplay between the striatum and epilepsy, we engineered advanced microelectrode arrays (MEAs) specifically designed for precise monitoring of striatal electrophysiological activities in rats. These observations were made during and following seizure induction, particularly three and 7 days post-initial modeling. The modification of graphene oxide (GO)/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/platinu-m nanoparticles (PtNPs) demonstrated a marked reduction in impedance (10.5 ± 1.1 kΩ), and maintained exceptional stability, with impedance levels remaining consistently low (23 kΩ) even 14 days post-implantation. As seizure intensity escalated, we observed a corresponding increase in neuronal firing rates and local field potential power, with a notable shift towards higher frequency peaks and augmented inter-channel correlation. Significantly, during the grand mal seizures, theta and alpha bands became the dominant frequencies in the local field potential. Compared to the normal group, the spike firing rates on day 3 and 7 post-modeling were significantly higher, accompanied by a decreased firing interval. Power in both delta and theta bands exhibited an increasing trend, correlating with the duration of epilepsy. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic processes of striatal neural activity during the initial and latent phases of temporal lobe epilepsy and contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms underpinning epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zinchenko VP, Teplov IY, Kosenkov AM, Gaidin SG, Kairat BK, Tuleukhanov ST. Participation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the regulation of epileptiform activity of hippocampal neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2024; 16:1349984. [PMID: 38577639 PMCID: PMC10987725 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2024.1349984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epileptiform activity is the most striking result of hyperexcitation of a group of neurons that can occur in different brain regions and then spread to other sites. Later it was shown that these rhythms have a cellular correlate in vitro called paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS). In 13-15 DIV neuron-glial cell culture, inhibition of the GABA(A) receptors induces bursts of action potential in the form of clasters PDS and oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). We demonstrate that GABAergic neurons expressing calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) as well as Kv7-type potassium channels regulate hippocampal glutamatergic neurons' excitability during epileptiform activity in culture. Methods A combination of whole-cell patch-clamp in current clamp mode and calcium imaging microscopy was used to simultaneously register membrane potential and [Ca2+]i level. To identify GABAergic cell cultures were fixed and stained with antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase GAD 65/67 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after vital [Ca2+]i imaging. Results and discussion It was shown that CP-AMPARs are involved in the regulation of the PDS clusters and [Ca2+]i pulses accompanied them. Activation of CP-AMPARs of GABAergic neurons is thought to cause the release of GABA, which activates the GABA(B) receptors of other GABAergic interneurons. It is assumed that activation of these GABA(B) receptors leads to the release of beta-gamma subunits of Gi protein, which activate potassium channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and inhibition of these interneurons. The latter causes disinhibition of glutamatergic neurons, the targets of these interneurons. In turn, the CP-AMPAR antagonist, NASPM, has the opposite effect. Measurement of membrane potential in GABAergic neurons by the patch-clamp method in whole-cell configuration demonstrated that NASPM suppresses hyperpolarization in clusters and individual PDSs. It is believed that Kv7-type potassium channels are involved in the control of hyperpolarization during epileptiform activity. The blocker of Kv7 channels, XE 991, mimicked the effect of the CP-AMPARs antagonist on PDS clusters. Both drugs increased the duration of the PDS cluster. In turn, the Kv7 activator, retigabine, decreased the duration of the PDS cluster and Ca2+ pulse. In addition, retigabine led to deep posthyperpolarization at the end of the PDS cluster. The Kv7 channel is believed to be involved in the formation of PDS, as the channel blocker reduced the rate of hyperpolarization in the PDS almost three times. Thus, GABAergic neurons expressing CP-AMPARs, regulate the membrane potential of innervated glutamatergic neurons by modulating the activity of postsynaptic potassium channels of other GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Petrovich Zinchenko
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ilia Yu. Teplov
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Artem Mikhailovich Kosenkov
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergei Gennadievich Gaidin
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Bakytzhan Kairatuly Kairat
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Chronobiology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sultan Tuleukhanovich Tuleukhanov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Chronobiology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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12
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Kyriatzis G, Bernard A, Bôle A, Khrestchatisky M, Ferhat L. In the Rat Hippocampus, Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Is Associated with Reactive Glia and Concomitant Increased Expression of CD31, PDGFRβ, and Collagen IV in Endothelial Cells and Pericytes of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1693. [PMID: 38338969 PMCID: PMC10855308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans and animal models, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with reorganization of hippocampal neuronal networks, gliosis, neuroinflammation, and loss of integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). More than 30% of epilepsies remain intractable, and characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in BBB dysfunction is essential to the identification of new therapeutic strategies. In this work, we induced status epilepticus in rats through injection of the proconvulsant drug pilocarpine, which leads to TLE. Using RT-qPCR, double immunohistochemistry, and confocal imaging, we studied the regulation of reactive glia and vascular markers at different time points of epileptogenesis (latent phase-3, 7, and 14 days; chronic phase-1 and 3 months). In the hippocampus, increased expression of mRNA encoding the glial proteins GFAP and Iba1 confirmed neuroinflammatory status. We report for the first time the concomitant induction of the specific proteins CD31, PDGFRβ, and ColIV-which peak at the same time points as inflammation-in the endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membrane of the BBB. The altered expression of these proteins occurs early in TLE, during the latent phase, suggesting that they could be associated with the early rupture and pathogenicity of the BBB that will contribute to the chronic phase of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.K.); (A.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Lotfi Ferhat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; (G.K.); (A.B.); (A.B.)
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Singh T, Ramakrishnan S, Wu X, Reddy DS. A Pediatric Rat Model of Organophosphate-Induced Refractory Status Epilepticus: Characterization of Long-Term Epileptic Seizure Activity, Neurologic Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:416-431. [PMID: 37977810 PMCID: PMC10801778 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are highly vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of organophosphates (OPs), which can cause neuronal developmental defects, including intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy, and related comorbidities. Unfortunately, no specific pediatric OP neurotoxicity model currently exists. In this study, we developed and characterized a pediatric rat model of status epilepticus (SE) induced by the OP diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and examined its impact on long-term neurological outcomes. Postnatal day 21 rats were exposed to a DFP regimen with standard antidotes. Progressive behavioral deteriorations were assessed over a three-month period. Development of epileptic seizures, ictal discharges, high-frequency oscillations (HFOs), and interictal spikes were monitored by video-electroencephalography recordings. Histology-stereology analysis was performed to assess neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and morphologic abnormalities. DFP-exposed, post-SE animals exhibited significantly elevated levels of anxiety and depression than age-matched controls at 1, 2, and 3 months post-exposure. DFP-exposed animals displayed aggressive behavior and a marked decline in object recognition memory, as well as prominent impairment in spatial learning and memory. DFP-exposed animals had striking electrographic abnormalities with the occurrence of displayed epileptic seizures, ictal discharges, HFOs, and interictal spikes, suggesting chronic epilepsy. Neuropathological analysis showed substantially fewer principal neurons and inhibitory interneurons with a marked increase in reactive microglia and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and other brain regions. DFP-exposed animals also exhibited mossy fiber sprouting indicating impaired network formations. Long-term epileptic seizures and neuropsychiatric functional deficits induced by DFP were consistent with neuropathological defects. Collectively, this pediatric model displays many hallmarks of chronic sequelae reminiscent of children exposed to OPs, suggesting that it will be a valuable tool for investigating pathologic mechanisms and potential treatment strategies to attenuate long-term OP neurotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Millions of children are exposed to organophosphates (OPs) used in agriculture or chemical incidents. This study investigated the long-term impact of neonatal exposure to the OP chemical diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) on neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes in adulthood. DFP exposure caused long-lasting behavioral abnormalities, epileptic seizures, and bilateral brain defects with an array of neurological sequelae seen in children's OP neurotoxicity. Thus, this model provides a novel tool to explore therapeutic interventions that mitigate long-term neurotoxic effects of children exposed to OP-induced seizures and status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.)
| | - Sreevidhya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.)
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.)
| | - Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.) and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas (T.S., S.R., X.W., D.S.R.)
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14
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Yakovleva AA, Litvinova SA, Gladysheva NA, Radontseva VV, Voronina TA. [Experimental study of the influence of phenozanic acid and its combination with valproic acid on the development of the epileptic system]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:104-113. [PMID: 38529870 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of phenosanic acid (PA) and its combination with valproic acid (VA) on the development of the Epi system. MATERIAL AND METHODS A model of focal chronic epilepsy in rats was created by applying metallic cobalt to the surface of the sensorimotor area of the cortex. Long-term electrodes were implanted in the sensorimotor cortex of the left and right hemispheres, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. The effect of PA (80 mg/kg) and its combination with VA (200 mg/kg) on discharge activity was carried out on the 2nd day and at the stage of generalization of the Epi system - on the 6th day. The stability of the Epi system on day 10 was assessed by provoking the development of epileptic status (Epi status) in response to the administration of thiolactone homocysteine (HMC) at a dose of 5.5 mmol/kg. RESULTS In rats treated with PA, low discharge activity is observed, which is confirmed by the absence of EEG and motor manifestations of status epilepticus caused by HMC. PA does not suppress paroxysmal activity at the stages of development of the Epi system. VA significantly suppresses paroxysmal activity, but does not affect the formation of new foci of Epi activity in subcortical structures and the contralateral cortex. The epi system of rats treated with VA is characterized by high discharge activity by the 10th day of the experiment and lability to provocation of epi status. The combination of drugs is more pronounced than PA, but less than VA, reduces the numerical characteristics of paroxysmal activity in the brain structures of rats. CONCLUSION PA when administered alone, in combination with VA, causes a slowdown in the generalization of convulsive foci of Epi activity and prevents the formation of a stable Epi system. VA, having a pronounced anticonvulsant effect, does not weaken the development of the Epi system in the model of focal cobalt-induced epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - T A Voronina
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Abd-Allah WH, El-Mohsen Anwar MA, Mohammed ER, El Moghazy SM. Anticonvulsant Classes and Possible Mechanism of Actions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4076-4092. [PMID: 37948544 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide; it needs long-term or life-long treatment. Despite the presence of several novel antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% patients still suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. Subsequently, searching for new anticonvulsants with lower toxicity and better efficacy is still in paramount demand. Using target-based studies in the discovery of novel antiepileptics is uncommon owing to the insufficient information on the molecular pathway of epilepsy and complex mode of action for most of known antiepileptic drugs. In this review, we investigated the properties of anticonvulsants, types of epileptic seizures, and mechanism of action for anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Nkwingwa BK, Wado EK, Foyet HS, Bouvourne P, Jugha VT, Mambou AHMY, Bila RB, Taiwe GS. Ameliorative effects of Albizia adianthifolia aqueous extract against pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy and associated memory loss in mice: Role of GABAergic, antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115093. [PMID: 37392651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) (Fabaceae) is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of epilepsy and memory impairment. This study aims to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Albizia adianthifolia aqueous extract against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced spontaneous convulsions in mice; and determine whether the extract could mitigate memory impairment, oxidative/nitrergic stress, GABA depletion and neuroinflammation. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was done to identify active compounds from the extract. Mice were injected with PTZ once every 48 h until kindling was developed. Animals received distilled water for the normal group and negative control groups, doses of extract (40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) for the test groups and sodium valproate (300 mg/kg) for the positive control group. Memory was measured using Y maze, novel object recognition (NOR) and open field paradigms, while the oxidative/nitrosative stresses (MDA, GSH, CAT, SOD and NO), GABAergic transmission (GABA, GABA-T and GAD) and neuro-inflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL- 1β, and IL-6) were determined. Brain photomicrograph was also studied. Apigenin, murrayanine and safranal were identified in the extract. The extract (80-160 mg/kg) significantly protected mice against seizures and mortality induced by PTZ. The extract significantly increased the spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. PTZ kindling induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, GABA depletion, neuroinflammation and neuronal cells death was strongly reversed by the extract. The results suggest that the anticonvulsant activity of Albizia adianthifolia extract is accompanied by its anti-amnesic property, and may be supported by the amelioration of oxidative stress, GABAergic transmission and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbine Kamleu Nkwingwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Eglantine Keugong Wado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Harquin Simplice Foyet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Parfait Bouvourne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Vanessa Tita Jugha
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Alain Hart Mann Youbi Mambou
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Raymond Bess Bila
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
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17
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Che Has AT. The applications of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus: 40 years of progress (1983-2023). Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114551. [PMID: 37348654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurological disorder that can result in various neuropathological conditions and presentations. Various studies involving animal models have been accomplished to understand and replicating its prominent manifestations including characteristics of related clinical cases. Up to these days, there are variety of methods and techniques to be utilized in inducing this disorder that can be chemically or electrically applied which depending on the experimental designs and targets of the studies. In particular, the chemically induced pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a reliable choice which has evolved for 40 years from its initial discovery back in 1983. Although the development of the model can be considered as a remarkable breakthrough in understanding status epilepticus, several aspects of the model have been improved, throughout the years. Among the major issues in developing this model are the morbidity and mortality rates during induction process. Several modifications have been introduced in the process by different studies to tackle the related problems including application of dose fractionation, adaptation of pilocarpine to lithium-pilocarpine model and utilization of various drugs. Despite all challenges and drawbacks, this model has proven its pertinent and relevance with improvements that have been adapted since it was introduced 40 years ago. In this review, we emphasize on the evolution of this animal model from the beginning until now (1983 - 2023) and the related issues that have made this model still a popular choice in status epilepticus studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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18
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Adel SS, Clarke VRJ, Evans-Strong A, Maguire J, Paradis S. Semaphorin 4D induced inhibitory synaptogenesis decreases epileptiform activity and alters progression to Status Epilepticus in mice. Epilepsy Res 2023; 193:107156. [PMID: 37163910 PMCID: PMC10247425 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that intra-hippocampal infusion of purified, Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) extracellular domain (ECD) into the mouse hippocampus rapidly promotes formation of GABAergic synapses and decreases seizure susceptibility in mice. Given the relatively fast action of Sema4D treatment revealed by these studies, we sought to determine the time course of Sema4D treatment on hippocampal network activity using an acute hippocampal slice preparation. We performed long-term extracellular recordings from area CA1 encompassing a 2-hour application of Sema4D and found that hippocampal excitation is suppressed for hours following treatment. We also asked if Sema4D treatment could ameliorate seizures in an acute seizure model: the kainic acid (KA) mouse model. We demonstrate that Sema4D treatment delays and suppresses ictal activity, delays the transition to Status Epilepticus (SE), and lessens the severity of SE. Lastly, we sought to explore alternative methods of Sema4D delivery to hippocampus and thus created an Adeno Associated Virus expressing the ECD of Sema4D. Our data reveal that virally delivered, chronically overexpressed Sema4D-ECD promotes GABAergic synapse formation and suppresses ictal activity and progression to SE. These results provide proof of concept that viral delivery of Sema4D is an efficacious and promising delivery method to abate epileptiform activity and progression to SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah S Adel
- Department of Biology and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Vernon R J Clarke
- Department of Biology and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Aidan Evans-Strong
- Neuroscience Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Neuroscience Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Suzanne Paradis
- Department of Biology and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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19
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Ahn YH, Tang Y, Illes P. The neuroinflammatory astrocytic P2X7 receptor: Alzheimer's disease, ischemic brain injury, and epileptic state. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:763-778. [PMID: 37712394 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2258281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astrocytes have previously been considered as cells supporting neuronal functions, but they are now recognized as active players in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Astrocytes can communicate with other CNS cells, i.e. through the gliotransmitter ATP and P2X7 receptors (Rs). AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss how the P2X7R initiates the release of gliotransmitters and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, thereby establishing a dialog between astrocytes and neurons and, in addition, causing neuroinflammation. In astrocytes, dysregulation of P2X7Rs has been associated with neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the consequences of cerebral ischemic injury and status epilepticus (SE). EXPERT OPINION Although all CNS cells are possible sources of ATP release, the targets of this ATP are primarily at microglial cells. However, astrocytes also contain ATP-sensitive P2X7Rs and have in addition the peculiar property over microglia to continuously interact with neurons via not only inflammatory mediators but also gliotransmitters, such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and D-serine. Cellular damage arising during AD, cerebral ischemia, and SE via P2X7R activation is superimposed upon the original disease, and their prevention by blood-brain barrier permeable pharmacological antagonists is a valid therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Ahn
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Dogru YZ, Nacar T, Erat M. Effect of adropin on seizure activity in rats with penicillin-induced epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2023; 194:107170. [PMID: 37290386 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a nervous system disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide, and up to 25% of patients have seizures that are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, there is a need for the discovery of tolerable, effective antiepileptic agents. This study was aimed to electrophysiologically investigate the effects of the peptide hormone adropin, which was discovered in recent years and whose expression was determined in many organs, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. METHODS Forty 16-18 weeks old 280-300 g female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups, 8 in each group. 250 min of ECoG recordings were taken from the first group only under anesthesia. Penicillin was given to the second group, L-arginine to the third group, adropin to the fourth group, and these three substances to the fifth group, and records were taken for 250 min and statistically evaluated. RESULTS Measurements were made as spike frequency, amplitude values, spike percent change, amplitude percent change. It was determined that the substances given on penicillin-induced acute epilepsy reduced both the number and severity of epileptic seizures. The lowest values were obtained from the L-arginine group, second from the mixture group, and third from the adropin group. CONCLUSIONS Although the hormone adropin was not as effective as L-arginine on seizure activity, it can be said that it has a positive effect in terms of antiepileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ziya Dogru
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Sport Science, Department of Coaching Education, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Deparment of Physiology, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Tuncer Nacar
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Deparment of Physiology, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Erat
- Atatürk University, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Department, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye.
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21
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Hanin A, Cespedes J, Pulluru Y, Gopaul M, Aronica E, Decampo D, Helbig I, Howe CL, Huttner A, Koh S, Navarro V, Taraschenko O, Vezzani A, Wilson MR, Xian J, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ. Review and standard operating procedures for collection of biospecimens and analysis of biomarkers in new onset refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2023; 64:1444-1457. [PMID: 37039049 PMCID: PMC10756682 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), including its subtype with a preceding febrile illness known as febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is one of the most severe forms of status epilepticus. The exact causes of NORSE are currently unknown, and there is so far no disease-specific therapy. Identifying the underlying pathophysiology and discovering specific biomarkers, whether immunologic, infectious, genetic, or other, may help physicians in the management of patients with NORSE. A broad spectrum of biomarkers has been proposed for status epilepticus patients, some of which were evaluated for patients with NORSE. Nonetheless, none has been validated, due to significant variabilities in study cohorts, collected biospecimens, applied analytical methods, and defined outcome endpoints, and to small sample sizes. The NORSE Institute established an open NORSE/FIRES biorepository for health-related data and biological samples allowing the collection of biospecimens worldwide, promoting multicenter research and sharing of data and specimens. Here, we suggest standard operating procedures for biospecimen collection and biobanking in this rare condition. We also propose criteria for the appropriate use of previously collected biospecimens. We predict that the widespread use of standardized procedures will reduce heterogeneity, facilitate the future identification of validated biomarkers for NORSE, and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology and best clinical management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hanin
- Department of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences 6, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences 6, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Cespedes
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Universidad Autonoma de Centro America, School of Medicine, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Yashwanth Pulluru
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Margaret Gopaul
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Decampo
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles L. Howe
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sookyong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences 6, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences 6, Epilepsy Unit and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Paris, France
| | - Olga Taraschenko
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Julie Xian
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas Gaspard
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lawrence J. Hirsch
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Jarvis R, Josephine Ng SF, Nathanson AJ, Cardarelli RA, Abiraman K, Wade F, Evans-Strong A, Fernandez-Campa MP, Deeb TZ, Smalley JL, Jamier T, Gurrell IK, McWilliams L, Kawatkar A, Conway LC, Wang Q, Burli RW, Brandon NJ, Chessell IP, Goldman AJ, Maguire JL, Moss SJ. Direct activation of KCC2 arrests benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus and limits the subsequent neuronal injury in mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100957. [PMID: 36889319 PMCID: PMC10040380 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarizing GABAAR currents, the unitary events that underlie synaptic inhibition, are dependent upon efficient Cl- extrusion, a process that is facilitated by the neuronal specific K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2. Its activity is also a determinant of the anticonvulsant efficacy of the canonical GABAAR-positive allosteric: benzodiazepines (BDZs). Compromised KCC2 activity is implicated in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus (SE), a medical emergency that rapidly becomes refractory to BDZ (BDZ-RSE). Here, we have identified small molecules that directly bind to and activate KCC2, which leads to reduced neuronal Cl- accumulation and excitability. KCC2 activation does not induce any overt effects on behavior but prevents the development of and terminates ongoing BDZ-RSE. In addition, KCC2 activation reduces neuronal cell death following BDZ-RSE. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that KCC2 activation is a promising strategy to terminate BDZ-resistant seizures and limit the associated neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jarvis
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shu Fun Josephine Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anna J Nathanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ross A Cardarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Krithika Abiraman
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Fergus Wade
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Aidan Evans-Strong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Marina P Fernandez-Campa
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tanguy Jamier
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian K Gurrell
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa McWilliams
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie C Conway
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland W Burli
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iain P Chessell
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron J Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie L Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK.
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23
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de Labra C, Cudeiro J, Rivadulla C. Synergistic effects of applying static magnetic fields and diazepam to improve EEG abnormalities in the pilocarpine epilepsy rat model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:214. [PMID: 36604478 PMCID: PMC9816095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lithium-pilocarpine rat model is a well-known model of temporal epilepsy. Recently we found that transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) delay and reduce the signs of EEG in this model. We aim to test the effect of combining the therapeutic action of tSMS and diazepam, a drug used to treat status epilepticus. We induce epilepsy in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were classified as "magnet" when a magnetic neodymium cylinder was placed over the skull or "control" when a stainless-steel replica was used. Diazepam was injected 60-min after the second doses of pilocarpine injection. We found a reduction in the number of spikes/minute for magnet condition compared with sham condition, reaching significance at 60 min after diazepam injection. The Root-Mean-Square shown a significant reduction in magnet animals compared with those receiving diazepam (Tukey's-test 30 and 60 min after diazepam injection, p < 0.01; 40 and 50 min after diazepam injection, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the power spectrum analysis shown a reduction in delta, theta, alpha and beta bands, on the diazepam + magnet animals compared to the diazepam + sham group. Analysis of high-frequency oscillations revealed an increased in the ripples due to pilocarpine being reduced by diazepam. Our results demonstrate that application of tSMS previously to diazepam potentiates the effect of the drug by reducing the electroencephalographic pattern associated with epileptiform discharges. We suggest a new synergistic cooperation between pharmacology and neuromodulation as a future treatment for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Labra
- NEUROcom, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071, A Coruña, Spain. .,NEUROcom, Facultade de Enfermería e Podoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, Ferrol, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Javier Cudeiro
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535NEUROcom, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain ,grid.420359.90000 0000 9403 4738Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain ,grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535NEUROcom, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, A Coruña, Spain ,Centro de Estimulación Cerebral de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Casto Rivadulla
- grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535NEUROcom, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain ,grid.420359.90000 0000 9403 4738Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, As Xubias, 15006 A Coruña, Spain ,grid.8073.c0000 0001 2176 8535NEUROcom, Facultade de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, A Coruña, Spain
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24
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Reddy DS. Therapeutic and clinical foundations of cannabidiol therapy for difficult-to-treat seizures in children and adults with refractory epilepsies. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114237. [PMID: 36206806 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel and effective antiseizure medications are needed to treat refractory and rare forms of epilepsy. Cannabinoids, which are obtained from the cannabis plant, have a long history of medical use, including for neurologic conditions. In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD, Epidiolex), which is now indicated for severe seizures associated with three rare forms of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. Compelling evidence supports the efficacy of CBD in experimental models and patients with epilepsy. In randomized clinical trials, highly-purified CBD has demonstrated efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in children and adults with difficult-to-treat seizures. Although the underlying antiseizure mechanisms of CBD in humans have not yet been elucidated, the identification of novel antiseizure targets of CBD preclinically indicates multimodal mechanisms that include non-cannabinoid pathways. In addition to antiseizure effects, CBD possesses strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, which might contribute to protective effects in epilepsy and other conditions. This article provides a succinct overview of therapeutic approaches and clinical foundations of CBD, emphasizing the clinical utility of CBD for the treatment of seizures associated with refractory and rare epilepsies. CBD has shown to be a safe and effective antiseizure medicine, demonstrating a broad spectrum of efficacy across multiple seizure types, including those associated with severe epilepsies with childhood onset. Despite such promise, there are many perils with CBD that hampers its widespread use, including limited understanding of pharmacodynamics, limited exposure-response relationship, limited information for seizure freedom with continued use, complex pharmacokinetics with drug interactions, risk of adverse effects, and lack of expert therapeutic guidelines. These scientific issues need to be resolved by further investigations, which would decide the unique role of CBD in the management of refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA; Texas A&M Health Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA; Engineering Medicine, Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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25
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Löscher W, Stafstrom CE. Epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities: Insights gained from animal models. Epilepsia 2023; 64:54-91. [PMID: 36197310 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that epilepsy is associated with numerous neurobehavioral comorbidities, with a bidirectional relationship; people with epilepsy have an increased incidence of depression, anxiety, learning and memory difficulties, and numerous other psychosocial challenges, and the occurrence of epilepsy is higher in individuals with those comorbidities. Although the cause-and-effect relationship is uncertain, a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of comorbidities within the epilepsies could lead to improved therapeutics. Here, we review recent data on epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities, discussing mainly rodent models, which have been studied most extensively, and emphasize that clinically relevant information can be gained from preclinical models. Furthermore, we explore the numerous potential factors that may confound the interpretation of emerging data from animal models, such as the specific seizure induction method (e.g., chemical, electrical, traumatic, genetic), the role of species and strain, environmental factors (e.g., laboratory environment, handling, epigenetics), and the behavioral assays that are chosen to evaluate the various aspects of neural behavior and cognition. Overall, the interplay between epilepsy and its neurobehavioral comorbidities is undoubtedly multifactorial, involving brain structural changes, network-level differences, molecular signaling abnormalities, and other factors. Animal models are well poised to help dissect the shared pathophysiological mechanisms, neurological sequelae, and biomarkers of epilepsy and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Kang W, Ju C, Joo J, Lee J, Shon YM, Park SM. Closed-loop direct control of seizure focus in a rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy via localized electric fields applied sequentially. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7805. [PMID: 36528681 PMCID: PMC9759546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation of the seizure focus can achieve the early termination of epileptic oscillations. However, direct intervention of the hippocampus, the most prevalent seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy is thought to be not practicable due to its large size and elongated shape. Here, in a rat model, we report a sequential narrow-field stimulation method for terminating seizures, while focusing stimulus energy at the spatially extensive hippocampal structure. The effects and regional specificity of this method were demonstrated via electrophysiological and biological responses. Our proposed modality demonstrates spatiotemporal preciseness and selectiveness for modulating the pathological target region which may have potential for further investigation as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonok Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Ju
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Min Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Egbenya DL, Hussain S, Lai YC, Anderson AE, Davanger S. Synapse-specific changes in Arc and BDNF in rat hippocampus following chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Res 2022; 191:1-12. [PMID: 36535366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in the brain is important for synaptic plasticity, and probably also in neurodegenerative conditions. To understand the cellular mechanisms of the underlying neuropathophysiological processes in epilepsy, we need to pinpoint changes in concentration of synaptic plasticity-related proteins at subsynaptic levels. In this study, we examined changes in synaptic expression of Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) and Brai Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in a rat model of kainate-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Western blotting showed reduced concentrations of Arc and increased concentrations of BDNF in hippocampal synaptosomes in chronic TLE rats. Then, using quantitative electron microscopy, we found corresponding changes in subsynaptic regions in the hippocampus. Specifically, we detected significant reductions in the concentrations of Arc in the presynaptic terminal of Schaffer collateral glutamatergic synapses in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 area in TLE, as well as in their adjacent postsynaptic spines. In CA3, there was a significant reduction of Arc only in the presynaptic terminal cytoplasm. Conversely, in CA3, there was a significant increase in the expression of BDNF in the presynaptic terminal, but not in the postsynaptic spine. Significant increase in BDNF concentration in the CA1 postsynaptic density was also obtained. We hypothesize that the observed changes in Arc and BDNF may contribute to both cognitive impairment and increased excitotoxic vulnerability in chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Egbenya
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Suleman Hussain
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yi-Chen Lai
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne E Anderson
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svend Davanger
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity, Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Barker-Haliski M, Pitsch J, Galanopoulou AS, Köhling R. A companion to the preclinical common data elements for phenotyping seizures and epilepsy in rodent models. A report of the TASK3-WG1C: Phenotyping working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational task force. Epilepsia Open 2022. [PMID: 36461665 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. The underlying mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy across various syndromes lead to diverse clinical presentation and features. Similarly, animal models of epilepsy arise from numerous dissimilar inciting events. Preclinical seizure and epilepsy models can be evoked through many different protocols, leaving the phenotypic reporting subject to diverse interpretations. Serendipity can also play an outsized role in uncovering novel drivers of seizures or epilepsy, with some investigators even stumbling into epilepsy research because of a new genetic cross or unintentional drug effect. The heightened emphasis on rigor and reproducibility in preclinical research, including that which is conducted for epilepsy, underscores the need for standardized phenotyping strategies. To address this goal as part of the TASK3-WG1C Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Joint Translational Task Force, we developed a case report form (CRF) to describe the common data elements (CDEs) necessary for the phenotyping of seizure-like behaviors in rodents. This companion manuscript describes the use of the proposed CDEs and CRF for the visual, behavioral phenotyping of seizure-like behaviors. These phenotyping CDEs and accompanying CRF can be used in parallel with video-electroencephalography (EEG) studies or as a first visual screen to determine whether a model manifests seizure-like behaviors before utilizing more specialized diagnostic tests, like video-EEG. Systematic logging of seizure-like behaviors may help identify models that could benefit from more specialized diagnostic tests to determine whether these are epileptic seizures, such as video-EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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29
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Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11734. [PMID: 36233034 PMCID: PMC9570151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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30
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Chakraborty S, Parayil R, Mishra S, Nongthomba U, Clement JP. Epilepsy Characteristics in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research from Patient Cohorts and Animal Models Focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810807. [PMID: 36142719 PMCID: PMC9501968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a heterogeneous group of brain-related diseases, has continued to significantly burden society and families. Epilepsy comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is believed to occur due to multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms involving disruptions in the excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance impeding widespread functional neuronal circuitry. Although the field has received much attention from the scientific community recently, the research has not yet translated into actionable therapeutics to completely cure epilepsy, particularly those comorbid with NDDs. In this review, we sought to elucidate the basic causes underlying epilepsy as well as those contributing to the association of epilepsy with NDDs. Comprehensive emphasis is put on some key neurodevelopmental genes implicated in epilepsy, such as MeCP2, SYNGAP1, FMR1, SHANK1-3 and TSC1, along with a few others, and the main electrophysiological and behavioral deficits are highlighted. For these genes, the progress made in developing appropriate and valid rodent models to accelerate basic research is also detailed. Further, we discuss the recent development in the therapeutic management of epilepsy and provide a briefing on the challenges and caveats in identifying and testing species-specific epilepsy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Rrejusha Parayil
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Shefali Mishra
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - James P. Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-08-2208-2613
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31
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Li X, Zhang H, Lai H, Wang J, Wang W, Yang X. High-Frequency Oscillations and Epileptogenic Network. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1687-1703. [PMID: 34503414 PMCID: PMC9881061 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210908165641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a network disease caused by aberrant neocortical large-scale connectivity spanning regions on the scale of several centimeters. High-frequency oscillations, characterized by the 80-600 Hz signals in electroencephalography, have been proven to be a promising biomarker of epilepsy that can be used in assessing the severity and susceptibility of epilepsy as well as the location of the epileptogenic zone. However, the presence of a high-frequency oscillation network remains a topic of debate as high-frequency oscillations have been previously thought to be incapable of propagation, and the relationship between high-frequency oscillations and the epileptogenic network has rarely been discussed. Some recent studies reported that high-frequency oscillations may behave like networks that are closely relevant to the epileptogenic network. Pathological highfrequency oscillations are network-driven phenomena and elucidate epileptogenic network development; high-frequency oscillations show different characteristics coincident with the epileptogenic network dynamics, and cross-frequency coupling between high-frequency oscillations and other signals may mediate the generation and propagation of abnormal discharges across the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; ,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jiaoyang Wang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; ,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; ,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; ,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Address correspondence to this author at the Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China; Tel: 86+ 18515855127; E-mail:
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32
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Molecular Mechanisms of Epilepsy: The Role of the Chloride Transporter KCC2. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1500-1515. [PMID: 35819636 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal or synchronous brain activity causing seizures, which may produce convulsions, minor physical signs, or a combination of symptoms. These disorders affect approximately 65 million people worldwide, from all ages and genders. Seizures apart, epileptic patients present a high risk to develop neuropsychological comorbidities such as cognitive deficits, emotional disturbance, and psychiatric disorders, which severely impair quality of life. Currently, the treatment for epilepsy includes the administration of drugs or surgery, but about 30% of the patients treated with antiepileptic drugs develop time-dependent pharmacoresistence. Therefore, further investigation about epilepsy and its causes is needed to find new pharmacological targets and innovative therapeutic strategies. Pharmacoresistance is associated to changes in neuronal plasticity and alterations of GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. The downregulation of GABA inhibitory activity may arise from a positive shift in GABAA receptor reversal potential, due to an alteration in chloride homeostasis. In this paper, we review the contribution of K+-Cl--cotransporter (KCC2) to the alterations in the Cl- gradient observed in epileptic condition, and how these alterations are coupled to the increase in the excitability.
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Zhou Q, Wang Q, He B, Kong H, Luo H, Wang X, Wang W. MicroRNA 322-5p reduced neuronal inflammation via the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB axis in a rat epilepsy model. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:907-914. [PMID: 35647304 PMCID: PMC9106113 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether microRNA-322-5p regulates seizure and seizure damage by targeting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB-associated inflammatory signaling pathway. In a pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model, the expressions of miR-322-5p, TLR4, NF-κB, TRAF6, IRF5, IL-1β, and GABA were assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Tunel detects hippocampal neuron apoptosis. The results showed that the expression of miR-322-5p significantly decreased in status epilepticus (SE) rats. The reduction of miR-322-5p was accompanied by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increased NF-κB expression, and reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Exogenous miR-322-5p reduced the expression of inflammatory molecules and increased the GABA levels in SE rats, and also reduced hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis caused by epilepsy. In conclusion, the miR-322-5p significantly inhibited the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB-associated inflammation and reduced neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that its induction may be of potential interest for novel antiseizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou 310014 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314000 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Baomei He
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou 310014 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Haibo Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou 310014 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Huanjun Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu 233030 , Anhui Province , China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu 233030 , Anhui Province , China
| | - Wenlan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou 310014 , Zhejiang Province , China
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34
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Shehata NI, Abdelsamad MA, Amin HAA, Sadik NAH, Shaheen AA. Ameliorating effect of ketogenic diet on acute status epilepticus: Insights into biochemical and histological changes in rat hippocampus. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14217. [PMID: 35543175 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of ketogenic diet (KD) against the neuronal disruptions induced by SE in lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus (SE). Four groups of female rats include; groups I and III received standard diet and groups II and IV received KD for 3 weeks. Groups I and II were left untreated, while groups III and IV were injected with LiCl (127 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by pilocarpine HCl (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 18-24 h later, repeatedly, till induction of SE. 72 h post-SE, KD effectively ameliorated the balance between excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters and the oxidative stress indices, increased adenine nucleotides and decreased immunoreactivity of iNOS, TNFα, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and synaptophysin. Thiswas in association with improvement in inflammatory response and neuronal tissue characteristics in hippocampus of SE rats. Histological changes showed preservation of neuronal integrity. These findings highlight the protective effects of KD in the acute phase post-SE via ameliorating biochemical and histological changes involved. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder that requires lifelong treatment. It stigmatizes patients and their families. The use of the ketogenic diet (KD) as a therapy for epilepsy developed from observations that fasting could reduce seizures. From 1920s, the KD was a common epilepsy treatment until it was gradually superseded by anticonvulsant drugs so that by the 1980s it was rarely used. However, there has been a resurgence of interest and usage of the KD for epilepsy since the turn of the century. Despite its long history, the mechanisms by which KD exhibits its anti-seizure action are not fully understood. Our study aims to identify the mechanism of KD which may help further studies to achieve the same benefits with a drug or supplement to overcome its unpalatability and gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I Shehata
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abdelsamad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebat Allah A Amin
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin A H Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira A Shaheen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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35
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Golub VM, Reddy DS. Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:387-438. [PMID: 35302046 PMCID: PMC8973512 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most devastating long-term, network consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is currently no approved treatment that can prevent onset of spontaneous seizures associated with brain injury, and many cases of PTE are refractory to antiseizure medications. Post-traumatic epileptogenesis is an enduring process by which a normal brain exhibits hypersynchronous excitability after a head injury incident. Understanding the neural networks and molecular pathologies involved in epileptogenesis are key to preventing its development or modifying disease progression. In this article, we describe a critical appraisal of the current state of PTE research with an emphasis on experimental models, molecular mechanisms of post-traumatic epileptogenesis, potential biomarkers, and the burden of PTE-associated comorbidities. The goal of epilepsy research is to identify new therapeutic strategies that can prevent PTE development or interrupt the epileptogenic process and relieve associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, we also describe current preclinical and clinical data on the treatment of PTE sequelae. Differences in injury patterns, latency period, and biomarkers are outlined in the context of animal model validation, pathophysiology, seizure frequency, and behavior. Improving TBI recovery and preventing seizure onset are complex and challenging tasks; however, much progress has been made within this decade demonstrating disease modifying, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective strategies, suggesting this goal is pragmatic. Our understanding of PTE is continuously evolving, and improved preclinical models allow for accelerated testing of critically needed novel therapeutic interventions in military and civilian persons at high risk for PTE and its devastating comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Golub
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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36
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Aguilar-Castillo MJ, Cabezudo-García P, Ciano-Petersen NL, García-Martin G, Marín-Gracia M, Estivill-Torrús G, Serrano-Castro PJ. Immune Mechanism of Epileptogenesis and Related Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:716. [PMID: 35327518 PMCID: PMC8945207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologic and neuroinflammatory pathways have been found to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders such as epilepsy, proposing the use of novel therapeutic strategies. In the era of personalized medicine and in the face of the exhaustion of anti-seizure therapeutic resources, it is worth looking at the current or future possibilities that neuroimmunomodulator or anti-inflammatory therapy can offer us in the management of patients with epilepsy. For this reason, we performed a narrative review on the recent advances on the basic epileptogenic mechanisms related to the activation of immunity or neuroinflammation with special attention to current and future opportunities for novel treatments in epilepsy. Neuroinflammation can be considered a universal phenomenon and occurs in structural, infectious, post-traumatic, autoimmune, or even genetically based epilepsies. The emerging research developed in recent years has allowed us to identify the main molecular pathways involved in these processes. These molecular pathways could constitute future therapeutic targets for epilepsy. Different drugs current or in development have demonstrated their capacity to inhibit or modulate molecular pathways involved in the immunologic or neuroinflammatory mechanisms described in epilepsy. Some of them should be tested in the future as possible antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Aguilar-Castillo
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Biotechnology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezudo-García
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermina García-Martin
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Marín-Gracia
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Gage M, Rao NS, Samidurai M, Putra M, Vasanthi SS, Meyer C, Wang C, Thippeswamy T. Soman (GD) Rat Model to Mimic Civilian Exposure to Nerve Agent: Mortality, Video-EEG Based Status Epilepticus Severity, Sex Differences, Spontaneously Recurring Seizures, and Brain Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:798247. [PMID: 35197823 PMCID: PMC8859837 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling a real-world scenario of organophosphate nerve agent (OPNA) exposure is challenging. Military personnel are premedicated with pyridostigmine, which led to the development of OPNA models with pyridostigmine/oxime pretreatment to investigate novel therapeutics for acute and chronic effects. However, civilians are not premedicated with pyridostigmine/oxime. Therefore, experimental models without pyridostigmine were developed by other laboratories though often only in males. Following OPNA exposure, prolonged convulsive seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE) are concerning. The duration and severity of CS/SE determine the extent of brain injury in survivors even after treating with medical countermeasures (MCM)/antidotes such as atropine, an oxime, and an anticonvulsant such as diazepam/midazolam. In this study, using a large mixed sex cohort of adult male and female rats, without pretreatment, we demonstrate severe SE lasting for >20 min in 82% of the animals in response to soman (GD,132 μg/kg, s.c.). Atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and HI-6 (125 mg/kg, i.m.) were administered immediately following soman, and midazolam (3 mg/kg, i.m.) 1 h post-exposure. Immediate MCM treatment is impractical in civilian exposure to civilians, but this approach reduces mortality in experimental models. Interestingly, female rats, irrespective of estrous stages, had an average of 44 min CS (stage ≥ 3), while males had an average of 32 min CS during SE, starting from soman exposure to midazolam treatment. However, in telemetry device implanted groups, there were no significant sex differences in SE severity; males had 40 min and females 43 min of continuous CS until midazolam was administered. No animals died prior to midazolam administration and less than 5% died in the first week after soman intoxication. In telemetered animals, there was a direct correlation between EEG changes and behavioral seizures in real-time. In the long-term, convulsive spontaneously recurring seizures (SRS) were observed in 85% of randomly chosen animals. At 4-months post-soman, the brain histology confirmed reactive gliosis and neurodegeneration. The novel findings of this study are that, in non-telemetered animals, the SE severity following soman intoxication was significantly greater in females compared to males and that the estrous cycle did not influence the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Gage
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nikhil S Rao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Manikandan Samidurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marson Putra
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Suraj S Vasanthi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Christina Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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38
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Zhou Q, Luo H, Wang X, Li P, Kong H, He B. Downregulation of miR-210 Promoted Apoptosis of Hippocampal Neurons by Negatively Regulating the TLR4/NF-кB1 Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Status Epilepticus. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1763-1770. [PMID: 36003065 PMCID: PMC9394651 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s371950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition causing brain damage, hippocampal necrosis and apoptosis. This study aimed to determine whether microRNA-210 regulates seizure and apoptosis by targeting the TLR4 /NF-κB1 associated signaling pathway. METHODS In a pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat model, the expressions of microRNA-210 (miR-210), TLR4, NF-κB1 and caspase-3 were assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Tunel detects hippocampal neuron apoptosis. RESULTS We found that miR-210, TLR4, NF-κB1 and caspase-3 were upregulated in the hippocampus of the rat model compared with that of control. The knockdown of miR-210 significantly restored the expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB1 and caspase-3 and increased hippocampal apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings showed that the downregulation of miR-210 promoted apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by negatively regulating the TLR4/NF-кB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjun Luo
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomei He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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39
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Moghimi S, Harini BP. A comparative study of the efficiency of Withania somnifera and carbamazepine on lifespan, reproduction and epileptic phenotype - A study in Drosophila paralytic mutant. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100534. [PMID: 34980523 PMCID: PMC8814379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seizure disorders are considered a serious health issue because of the vast number of people affected globally and the limited treatment options. Approximately 15 million epileptic patients worldwide do not respond to any of the currently available medications. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for the treatment of epilepsy, which is discontinued in less than 5% of epileptic patients due to its side effects. In traditional medicine, to establish the foundation of health care, plant extracts are utilized to a great extent to treat different pathologies. Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is an herbal component with anticonvulsant properties. Objectives To compare the medicinal effects of W. somnifera on lifespan, fecundity, fertility and epileptic phenotype in Drosophila paralytic mutant (parabss1) model system with CBZ, a commonly used AED. Material and methods Flies were exposed to three different doses of W. somnifera or CBZ in standard wheat flour-agar media for six days. Drosophila Oregon-R strain was used as a control. Results Results indicate that a high dose of W. somnifera increased the lifespan in Drosophila parabss1 while remaining safe for fecundity and fertility. CBZ decreased the lifespan of parabss1 mutant at higher dose (40 μg/ml), as expected, and also reduced the fecundity and fertility of the flies. Our findings indicate that W. somnifera was more effective than CBZ to control epileptic phenotype. Conclusion W. somnifera is an effective medication with no side effects for treating epilepsy in Drosophila paralytic mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moghimi
- Drosophila Culture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, Karnataka, India
| | - B P Harini
- Drosophila Culture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, Karnataka, India.
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40
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Postnikova TY, Diespirov GP, Amakhin DV, Vylekzhanina EN, Soboleva EB, Zaitsev AV. Impairments of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Young Rats during the Latent Phase of the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413355. [PMID: 34948152 PMCID: PMC8705146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) causes persistent abnormalities in the functioning of neuronal networks, often resulting in worsening epileptic seizures. Many details of cellular and molecular mechanisms of seizure-induced changes are still unknown. The lithium–pilocarpine model of epilepsy in rats reproduces many features of human temporal lobe epilepsy. In this work, using the lithium–pilocarpine model in three-week-old rats, we examined the morphological and electrophysiological changes in the hippocampus within a week following pilocarpine-induced seizures. We found that almost a third of the neurons in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus died on the first day, but this was not accompanied by impaired synaptic plasticity at that time. A diminished long-term potentiation (LTP) was observed following three days, and the negative effect of SE on plasticity increased one week later, being accompanied by astrogliosis. The attenuation of LTP was caused by the weakening of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent signaling. NMDAR-current was more than two-fold weaker during high-frequency stimulation in the post-SE rats than in the control group. Application of glial transmitter D-serine, a coagonist of NMDARs, allows the enhancement of the NMDAR-dependent current and the restoration of LTP. These results suggest that the disorder of neuron–astrocyte interactions plays a critical role in the impairment of synaptic plasticity.
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Long-term changes in neuroimaging markers, cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in an experimental model of Gulf War Illness. Life Sci 2021; 285:119971. [PMID: 34560085 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disease with debilitating cognitive and emotional impairments in veterans. GWI, like epilepsy, is caused by chemical neurotoxicity and manifests from disturbances in neuronal excitability. However, the mechanisms underlying such devastating neurological and psychiatric symptoms remain unclear. Here we investigated the long-term changes in neural behavior and brain structural abnormalities in a rat model of GWI. GWI is linked to exposure to GWI-related organophosphate chemicals (pyridostigmine bromide or PB and insecticide DEET, permethrin) during the stressful Gulf war. METHODS To mimic GWI, we generated an experimental GWI prototype in rats by daily exposure to GWI-related chemicals with restraint stress (GWIR-CS) for 4 weeks. Changes in MRI scan and cognitive function were assessed at 5- and 10- months post-exposure. KEY FINDINGS In MRI scans, rats displayed significant increases in lateral ventricle T2 relaxation times at both 5- and 10-months after GWIR-CS, indicating alterations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) density. Furthermore, at 10 months, there were significant decreases in the volumes of the hippocampus and thalamus and an increase in the lateral ventricle volume. At both time points, they exhibited impairments in multiple neurobehavioral tests, confirming substantial deficits in memory and mood function. GWI-CS rats also displayed aggressive behavior and a marked decrease in social interaction and forced swimming, indicating depression. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that chronic GWIR-CS exposure led to cognitive and psychiatric symptoms with concurrent neuroimaging abnormalities in CSF, with morphological neural lesions, demonstrating the role of divergent etiological mechanisms in GWI and its comorbidities.
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Li X, Song Y, Xiao G, He E, Xie J, Dai Y, Xing Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Wang M, Tao TH, Cai X. PDMS-Parylene Hybrid, Flexible Micro-ECoG Electrode Array for Spatiotemporal Mapping of Epileptic Electrophysiological Activity from Multicortical Brain Regions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8013-8022. [PMID: 35006782 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy detection and focus location are urgent issues that need to be solved in epilepsy research. A cortex conformable and fine spatial accuracy electrocorticogram (ECoG) sensor array, especially for real-time detection of multicortical functional regions and delineating epileptic focus remains a challenge. Here, we fabricated a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-parylene hybrid, flexible micro-ECoG electrode array. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposite-modified electrode interface significantly improved the sensing performance with low impedance (20.68 ± 6.65 kΩ), stable phase offset, and high sensitivity. The electrophysiological activities of multicortical brain regions (somatosensory cortex, parietal association cortex, and visual cortex) were simultaneously monitored during normal and epileptic statuses. The epileptic ECoG activities spread spatiotemporally from the starting point toward the adjacent cortex. Significant variations of the waveform, power, and frequency band were observed. The ECoG potential (123 ± 23 μV) at normal status was prominently up to 417 ± 87 μV at the spike wave stage. Besides, the power for epileptic activity (11.049 ± 4.513 μW) was 10 times higher than that (1.092 ± 0.369 μW) for normal activity. In addition, the theta frequency band was found to be a characteristic frequency band of epileptic signals. These joint analysis results of multicortical regions indicated that the active micron-scale region on the parietal association cortex was more likely to be the epileptogenic focus. Cortical mapping with high spatial detail provides the accurate delineation of lesions. The flexible micro-ECoG electrode array is a powerful tool for constructing a spatiotemporal map of the cortex. It provides a technical platform for epileptic focus location, biomedical diagnosis, and brain-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Enhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Gage M, Putra M, Gomez-Estrada C, Golden M, Wachter L, Gard M, Thippeswamy T. Differential Impact of Severity and Duration of Status Epilepticus, Medical Countermeasures, and a Disease-Modifier, Saracatinib, on Brain Regions in the Rat Diisopropylfluorophosphate Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:772868. [PMID: 34720886 PMCID: PMC8555467 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.772868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute organophosphate (OP) toxicity poses a significant threat to both military and civilian personnel as it can lead to a variety of cholinergic symptoms including the development of status epilepticus (SE). Depending on its severity, SE can lead to a spectrum of neurological changes including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In this study, we determined the impact of SE severity and duration on disease promoting parameters such as gliosis and neurodegeneration and the efficacy of a disease modifier, saracatinib (AZD0530), a Src/Fyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Animals were exposed to 4 mg/kg diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP, s.c.) followed by medical countermeasures. We had five experimental groups: controls (no DFP), animals with no continuous convulsive seizures (CS), animals with ∼20-min continuous CS, 31-60-min continuous CS, and > 60-min continuous CS. These groups were then assessed for astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neurodegeneration 8 days after DFP exposure. The 31-60-min and > 60-min groups, but not ∼20-min group, had significantly upregulated gliosis and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus compared to controls. In the piriform cortex and amygdala, however, all three continuous CS groups had significant upregulation in both gliosis and neurodegeneration. In a separate cohort of animals that had ∼20 and > 60-min of continuous CS, we administered saracatinib for 7 days beginning three hours after DFP. There was bodyweight loss and mortality irrespective of the initial SE severity and duration. However, in survived animals, saracatinib prevented spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) during the first week in both severity groups. In the ∼20-min CS group, compared to the vehicle, saracatinib significantly reduced neurodegeneration in the piriform cortex and amygdala. There were no significant differences in the measured parameters between the naïve control and saracatinib on its own (without DFP) groups. Overall, this study demonstrates the differential effects of the initial SE severity and duration on the localization of gliosis and neurodegeneration. We have also demonstrated the disease-modifying potential of saracatinib. However, its’ dosing regimen should be optimized based on initial severity and duration of CS during SE to maximize therapeutic effects and minimize toxicity in the DFP model as well as in other OP models such as soman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Gage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marson Putra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Crystal Gomez-Estrada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Madison Golden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Logan Wachter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Megan Gard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Osuntokun OS, Olayiwola G, Adekomi DA, Oyeyipo IP, Ayoka AO. Proanthocyanidin from Vitis vinifera attenuates memory impairment due to convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 124:108333. [PMID: 34619539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) of Vitis vinifera seed extract on the markers of hippocampal-dependent memory in convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) rat model. One hundred juvenile Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) received propylene glycol (PG 0.1 ml/100 g) intraperitoneally (i.p), while convulsion was induced in groups 2-6 (n = 18 each) using lithium (127 mg/kg i.p) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg i.p). The established CSE rats in groups 2-6 received a daily treatment of PG (0.1 ml i.p), PRF (30 mg/kg i.p), PRF (20 mg/kg BW i.p), PRF (10 mg/kg BW i.p) or diazepam (5 mg/kg BW i.p) for seven days. Thereafter, they were kept untreated but with access to feed and water for 21 days. The control and CSE-treated rats were subjected to behavioral tests, while the biochemical and histomorphological evaluations of the hippocampus were done after the sacrifice. The results were presented as mean ± SEM in graphs or tables. The level of significance was considered when p < 0.05. There was significant decrease in the hippocampal-dependent memory, hippocampal weight and an increased malondialdehyde concentration following CSE. The activities of acetylcholinesterase decreased significantly in the PRF-treated CSE rats. The hippocampal glial cells and granule count increased significantly following CSE, with various neurodegenerative features in the CA1 of the hippocampus. These derangements were attenuated significantly following PRF treatment. Memory impairment following CSE may be attenuated with the administration of PRF from V. vinifera seed in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Samson Osuntokun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Gbola Olayiwola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ibukun Peter Oyeyipo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Oladele Ayoka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Singh T, Mishra A, Goel RK. PTZ kindling model for epileptogenesis, refractory epilepsy, and associated comorbidities: relevance and reliability. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1573-1590. [PMID: 34427842 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure is one of the gold standard mouse models for rapid evaluation of novel anticonvulsants. Synchronically, PTZ induced kindling in mice is also a simple and well accepted model of chronic epilepsy. PTZ kindling has been explored for studying epileptogenesis, epilepsy-associated comorbidities, and refractory epilepsy. This review summarizes the potential of PTZ kindling in mice and its modifications for its face, construct, and predictive validity to screen antiepileptogenic drugs, combined or add on novel and safe therapies for treatment of epilepsy-associated depression and cognitive impairment as well as effective interventions for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Guwahati , Changsari, Kamrup , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
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Broekaart DW, Bertran A, Jia S, Korotkov A, Senkov O, Bongaarts A, Mills JD, Anink JJ, Seco J, Baayen JC, Idema S, Chabrol E, Becker AJ, Wadman WJ, Tarragó T, Gorter JA, Aronica E, Prades R, Dityatev A, van Vliet EA. The matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor IPR-179 has antiseizure and antiepileptogenic effects. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138332. [PMID: 33141761 DOI: 10.1172/jci138332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are synthesized by neurons and glia and released into the extracellular space, where they act as modulators of neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory agents. Development of epilepsy (epileptogenesis) is associated with increased expression of MMPs, and therefore, they may represent potential therapeutic drug targets. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in patients with status epilepticus (SE) or temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in a rat TLE model. Furthermore, we tested the MMP2/9 inhibitor IPR-179 in the rapid-kindling rat model and in the intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model. In both human and experimental epilepsy, MMP and TIMP expression were persistently dysregulated in the hippocampus compared with in controls. IPR-179 treatment reduced seizure severity in the rapid-kindling model and reduced the number of spontaneous seizures in the kainic acid model (during and up to 7 weeks after delivery) without side effects while improving cognitive behavior. Moreover, our data suggest that IPR-179 prevented an MMP2/9-dependent switch-off normally restraining network excitability during the activity period. Since increased MMP expression is a prominent hallmark of the human epileptogenic brain and the MMP inhibitor IPR-179 exhibits antiseizure and antiepileptogenic effects in rodent epilepsy models and attenuates seizure-induced cognitive decline, it deserves further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Wm Broekaart
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Shaobo Jia
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oleg Senkov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesús Seco
- Accure Therapeutics S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elodie Chabrol
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wytse J Wadman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yu T, Fu H, Sun JJ, Ding DR, Wang H. miR-106b-5p upregulation is associated with microglial activation and inflammation in the mouse hippocampus following status epilepticus. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:3315-3325. [PMID: 34476536 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association of miR-106b-5p with neuroinflammation and microglial activation in a status epilepticus (SE) mouse model. We examined changes in the expression of microRNA-106b-5p (miRNA-106b-5p), repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and the microglia-related markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in the mouse hippocampus of the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE mouse model. Eighty-four female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal control group (n = 12), and six SE groups (n = 12/group), which were monitored at 6 h and at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days (d) post-SE induction. Unlike in the dentate gyrus, immunohistochemical staining revealed prominent neuronal swelling at 6 h, significant neuronal loss and apoptosis on day 3, and recovery by day 14 in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)1 and CA3 pyramidal cells in SE mice. We noted elevated levels of miRNA-106b-5p and all microglia-related markers, which peaked at 3 days post-SE, except IL-4, which peaked at 7 days post-SE, indicating inflammation and microglial activation. RGMa and TREM2 levels decreased at 6 h post-SE. All markers but miRNA-106b-5p, RGMa, and TREM2 returned to baseline levels at 21 days post-SE. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that microRNA-106b-5p can interact with RGMa. We observed that miR-106b-5p level increased while both RGMa and TREM2 levels decreased post-SE and showed associations with microglial activation and inflammation in the mouse hippocampus, suggesting their potential as SE therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan City, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dan-Rui Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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48
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Sluter MN, Hou R, Li L, Yasmen N, Yu Y, Liu J, Jiang J. EP2 Antagonists (2011-2021): A Decade's Journey from Discovery to Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11816-11836. [PMID: 34352171 PMCID: PMC8455147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of health disasters associated with the chronic use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs, it has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream prostanoid synthases or receptors might provide more specificity than simply shutting down the entire COX cascade for anti-inflammatory benefits. The pathogenic actions of COX-2 have long been thought attributable to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through its Gαs-coupled EP2 receptor subtype; however, the truly selective EP2 antagonists did not emerge until 2011. These small molecules provide game-changing tools to better understand the EP2 receptor in inflammation-associated conditions. Their applications in preclinical models also reshape our knowledge of PGE2/EP2 signaling as a node of inflammation in health and disease. As we celebrate the 10-year anniversary of this breakthrough, the exploration of their potential as drug candidates for next-generation anti-inflammatory therapies has just begun. The first decade of EP2 antagonists passes, while their future looks brighter than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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Szewczyk A, Zagaja M, Szala-Rycaj J, Maj M, Andres-Mach M. Effect of Lacosamide and Ethosuximide Chronic Treatment on Neural Precursor Cells and Cognitive Functions after Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081014. [PMID: 34439633 PMCID: PMC8392532 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures in about 40% of patients with epilepsy fail to respond to anti-seizure medication (ASM) and may lead to uncontrolled and prolonged seizures often inducing status epilepticus (SE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a long-term treatment with two different generation ASMs: ethosuximide (ETS, a classic ASM) and lacosamide (LCM, a 3rd generation ASM) on neural stem cells’ (NSCs’) proliferation and learning and memory functions after pilocarpine (PILO)-induced SE in mice. The following drugs were used: LCM (10 mg/kg), ETS (20 mg/kg), and PILO (300 mg/kg). Cell counting was done using confocal microscope and ImageJ software. Cognitive functions were evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The level of several selected neurometabolites was measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Obtained results indicated no significant impact of ETS treatment on the neurogenesis process in PILO mice. Interestingly, LCM significantly decreased the total amount of newborn neurons. The MWM test indicated no significant changes in the time and distance traveled by the ETS and LCM groups compared to PILO control mice, although all measured parameters were more favorable for the PILO mice treated with ASM. Conclusions: The presented results show that long term treatment with LCM and ETS seems to be safe for the cognitive functions and the proper course of neurogenesis in the mouse PILO-induced SE model, although one should remember that LCM administered chronically may act to reduce new neurons’ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.); (J.S.-R.)
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.); (J.S.-R.)
| | - Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.); (J.S.-R.)
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.Z.); (J.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-718-4488
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50
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Reddy DS. Brain structural and neuroendocrine basis of sex differences in epilepsy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 175:223-233. [PMID: 33008527 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the current information about sex differences in epilepsy and potential mechanisms underlying sex differences in seizure susceptibility and epilepsy. The susceptibility to and occurrence of seizures are generally higher in men than women. There is gender-specific epilepsies such as catamenial epilepsy, a neuroendocrine condition in which seizures are most often clustered around the perimenstrual or periovulatory period in adult women. Structural differences in cerebral morphology, the structural and functional circuits may render men and women differentially vulnerable to seizure disorders and epileptogenic processes. Changes in seizure sensitivity are evident at puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, often attributed to circulating steroid hormones and neurosteroids as well as neuroplasticity in receptor systems. An improved understanding of the sexual dimorphism in neural circuits and the neuroendocrine basis of sex differences or resistance to protective drugs is essential to develop sex-specific therapies for seizure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States.
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