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The alteration of the expression level of neuropathy target esterase in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells disrupts cellular phospholipids homeostasis. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105509. [PMID: 36336212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) has been proven to act as a lysophospholipase (LysoPLA) and phospholipase B (PLB) in mammalian cells. In this study, we took human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells as the research object and explored the effect of NTE on phospholipid homeostasis. The results showed that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels significantly increased (> 40%), while glycerophosphocholine (GPC) decreased (below 60%) after NTE gene was knockdown in the cells (NTE < 30% of control), which were prepared by gene silencing with dsRNA-NTE. However, in the NTE-overexpressed cells (NTE > 50% of control), which were prepared by expressing recombinant catalytic domain of NTE, LPC remarkably decreased (below 80%) and GPC enhanced (> 40%). Mipafox, a neuropathic organophosphorus compound (OP), significantly inhibited NTE-LysoPLA and NTE-PLB activities (> 95-99% inhibition at 50 μM), which was accompanied with a decreased GPC level (below 40%) although no change of the PC and LPC levels was observed; while paraoxon, a non-neuropathic OP, suppresses neither the activities of NTE-phospholipases nor the levels of PC, LPC, and GPC. Thus, we concluded that both the stable up- or down-regulated expression of NTE gene and the loss of NTE-LysoPLA/PLB activities disrupts phospholipid homeostasis in the cells although the inhibition of NTE activity only decreased GPC content without altering PC and LPC levels.
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2
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Jiang M, Chattopadhyay AN, Geng Y, Rotello VM. An array-based nanosensor for detecting cellular responses in macrophages induced by femtomolar levels of pesticides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2890-2893. [PMID: 35141736 PMCID: PMC10587896 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental agents can induce cellular responses at concentrations far below the limits of detection for current viability and biomarker-based cell sensing platforms. Hypothesis-free cell sensor platforms can be engineered to maximize sensitivity to phenotypic changes, providing a tool for lowering the threshold for detecting cellular changes. Pesticides are one of the most prevalent sources of chemical exposure due to their use in food and agriculture fields. We report here a FRET-based nanosensor array engineered to maximize responses to changes at cell surfaces after pesticide exposure. This sensor array robustly detected macrophage responses to femtomolar concentrations of common pesticides-orders of magnitude lower concentrations than traditional toxicological and biomarker-based strategies. Significantly, this platform was able to classify these responses by pesticide class, demonstrating the ability to distinguish between changes induced by these different agents. Taken together, hypothesis-free cell surface sensing is a promising tool for detecting the effects of ultra-trace environmental chemicals on human health, as well as detecting threshold responses for use in drug discovery and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Yingying Geng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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3
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Zhu M, Gao Z, Fu Y, Qiu Y, Huang K, Zhu C, Wu Y, Zhu T, Wang Q, Yang L, Yin Y, Li P. Amorphous Selenium Nanoparticles Improve Vascular Function in Rats With Chronic Isocarbophos Poisoning via Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673327. [PMID: 34249881 PMCID: PMC8266299 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect and possible mechanism of amorphous selenium nanoparticles (A-SeQDs) on isocarbophos induced vascular dysfunction. Methods A-SeQDs was made by auto redox decomposition of selenosulfate precursor. Male rats were given isocarbophos (0.5 mg/kg/2 days) by intragastric administration for 16 weeks to induce vascular dysfunction. During the course, A-SeQDs (50 mg/kg/day) was added to the water from week 5. Then, the rats were killed to observe and test the influence of A-SeQDs on the vascular dysfunction induced by isocarbophos. Finally, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 10% DMEM of isocarbophos (100 μM) for 5 days to detect the related indexes. Before the use of isocarbophos treatment, different drugs were given. Results A-SeQDs could reduce total carbon dioxide, MDA, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1, and IL-6 while increasing oxygen saturation, NO content, and SOD activity in rats. A-SeQDs also resulted in relatively normal vascular morphology, and the expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) and caspase-3 decreased in rats. Furthermore, in HUVECs treated with isocarbophos, A-SeQDs maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the cleaved caspase-3 expression, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Conclusion A-SeQDs can inhibit the apoptosis of HUVECs through the mitochondrial pathway, and effectively treat the impairment of vascular endothelial function caused by isocarbophos, which is NHE1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhitao Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yutian Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Keke Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinan Wu
- Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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4
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Worley JR, Parker GC. Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:565-577. [PMID: 31616535 PMCID: PMC6789190 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous, and many are known to cause harmful health effects. However, much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly lacking. Toxicant exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely understood. While much of the recent excitement about stem cells (SCs) focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents, they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant effects. Not only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing, SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled conditions. We present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs, followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue SCs. The review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed, as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Worley
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Graham C Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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5
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Ding M, Yang Y, Duan X, Wang S, Feng X, Wang T, Wang P, Liu S, Li L, Liu J, Tang L, Niu X, Zhang Y, Li G, Yao W, Cui L, Wang W. Association of genetic polymorphisms of telomere binding proteins with cholinesterase activity in omethoate-exposed workers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:563-568. [PMID: 29929132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Omethoate, an organophosphorous pesticide, can cause a variety of health effects, especially the decrease of cholinesterase activity. The aim of this study is to explore the association of genetic polymorphisms of telomere binding proteins with cholinesterase activity in omethoate-exposed population. Cholinesterase activities in whole blood, red blood cell and plasma were detected using acetylthiocholine and dithio-bis-(nitrobenzoic acid) method; Genetic Genotyping of POT1 rs1034794, POT1 rs10250202, TERF1 rs3863242 and TERT rs2736098 were performed with PCR-RFLP. The cholinesterase activities of whole blood, red blood cells and plasma in exposure group are significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicates that exposure group (b = - 1.016, P < 0.001), agender (b = 0.365, P < 0.001), drinking (b = 0.271, P = 0.004) and TERF1rs3863242 (b = - 0.368, P = 0.016) had an impact on cholinesterase activities. The results suggest that individual carrying AG+GG genotypes in TERF1 gene rs3863242 polymorphism were susceptible to damage in cholinesterase induced by omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Henan Institute for Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxiang Liu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lixia Tang
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Niu
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Zhengzhou Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Yin N, Yang R, Liang S, Liang S, Hu B, Ruan T, Faiola F. Evaluation of the early developmental neural toxicity of F-53B, as compared to PFOS, with an in vitro mouse stem cell differentiation model. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 204:109-118. [PMID: 29655103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
F-53B, as an alternative to the persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is amply used in the electric plating industry. F-53B and PFOS have similar physicochemical, biochemical and physiological properties, due to the similarity in their chemical structure. Thus, they may also possess similar toxicities. Although epidemiological studies and in vivo assays have shown that prenatal exposure to PFOS may impair the development of the nervous system, toxicity data for F-53B are still scarce. In this study, we employed an embryonic stem cell (ESC) in vitro differentiation system, to detect the potential developmental neural toxicity of F-53B and PFOS, at human exposure relevant doses. We demonstrated that during early mouse ESC (mESC) neural differentiation, F-53B and PFOS disrupted the expression of neural marker genes and affected the morphology of the differentiated cells. However, the very same treatments did not cause any cytotoxic effects. In conclusion, our ESC in vitro differentiation system was able to prove for the first time that F-53B and PFOS at human exposure relevant concentrations, could alter the expression of differentiation biomarkers, indicating a potential developmental neural toxicity. Based on our findings, it is reasonable to deduce that excessive exposure to F-53B and PFOS may cause severe dysfunctions during early stages of embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaojun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengxian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Duan X, Yang Y, Wang S, Feng X, Wang T, Wang P, Yao W, Cui L, Wang W. Interaction between polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes and environmental factors in regulating cholinesterase activity in people with exposure to omethoate. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172357. [PMID: 29892419 PMCID: PMC5990798 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase activity (ChA), the effective biomarker for organophosphate pesticide exposure, is possibly affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cell-cycle-related genes. One hundred and eighty workers with long-term exposure to omethoate and 115 healthy controls were recruited to explore the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The acetylthiocholine and dithio-bis-(nitrobenzoic acid) method was used to detect the cholinesterase activities in whole blood, erythrocytes and plasma. Genetic polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP and direct PCR electrophoresis methods. Statistical results showed that the cholinesterase activities of whole blood, erythrocytes and plasma in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001), and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities were associated with gender, smoking and drinking in the exposure group (p < 0.05). Single-locus analyses showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the ChA among the genotypes CC, CA and AA of the p21 rs1801270 locus in the control group (p = 0.033), but not in the exposure group. A significant interaction between genes and environmental factors (i.e. p53, p21, mdm2, gender, smoking and drinking) affecting ChA was found through a generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. These obtained markers will be useful in further marker-assisted selection in workers with exposure to omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Henan Institute for Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Wei Wang e-mail:
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Faria M, Fuertes I, Prats E, Abad JL, Padrós F, Gomez-Canela C, Casas J, Estevez J, Vilanova E, Piña B, Raldúa D. Analysis of the neurotoxic effects of neuropathic organophosphorus compounds in adult zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4844. [PMID: 29555973 PMCID: PMC5859099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition and aging of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) by exposure to neuropathic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can result in OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). In the present study we aimed to build a model of OPIDN in adult zebrafish. First, inhibition and aging of zebrafish NTE activity were characterized in the brain by using the prototypic neuropathic compounds cresyl saligenin phosphate (CBDP) and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP). Our results show that, as in other animal models, zebrafish NTE is inhibited and aged by both neuropathic OPs. Then, a neuropathic concentration inhibiting NTE activity by at least 70% for at least 24 h was selected for each compound to analyze changes in phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and glycerolphosphocholine (GPC) profiles. In spite to the strong inhibition of the NTE activity found for both compounds, only a mild increase in the LPCs level was found after 48 h of the exposure to DFP, and no effect were observed by CBDP. Moreover, histopathological evaluation and motor function outcome analyses failed to find any neurological abnormalities in the exposed fish. Thus, our results strongly suggest that zebrafish is not a suitable species for the development of an experimental model of human OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Abad
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Fish Diseases Diagnostic Service, Facultat de Veterinaria Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08190, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Estevez
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, University "Miguel Hernandez" of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Retinoic acid exacerbates chlorpyrifos action in ensuing adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T½ cells in a GSK3β dependent pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173031. [PMID: 28291828 PMCID: PMC5349446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell differentiation can be exploited as a paradigm to evaluate the effects of noxious chemicals, on human health, either alone or in combinations. In this regard, the effect of a known cell differentiation agent, retinoic acid (RA) was analyzed in the presence of a noxious chemical chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate (OP), the receptors of which have recently been localized to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The observed imbalance of adipogenic to skeletal differentiation by CPF together with conundrum about adipogenic potential of RA prompted us to delineate their combinatorial effects on C3H10T½MSC-like undifferentiated cells. Based on MTT assay, the cellular viability was retained by CPF at concentrations ranging from 0.01–50μM, beyond which it caused cytotoxicity. These non-toxic concentrations also mildly interfered with adipogenesis of C3H10T½ cells following exposure to adipogenic cocktail. However, upon exposure to RA alone, these MSCs adopted elongated morphology and accumulated lipid vesicles, by day 20, as discerned by phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in concert with enhanced Oil Red O stained cells. This effect got strongly augmented upon exposure to combination of CPF and RA in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous up-regulation in perilipin-1 (PLIN1) and adipsin (ADN) genes, additionally reiterated the adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, GSK3β pathway was found to be a major player, whereby inhibiting it with lithium chloride (LiCl) resulted in complete blockage of lipid accumulation, accompanied by complete down regulation of PLIN1 and ADN gene expression. In conclusion, these observations for the first time, lend evidence that exposure of CPF accompanied by RA directs commitment of C3H10T½ cells to adipogenic differentiation through a process involving a crosstalk at GSK3β signaling.
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10
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Sogorb MA, Pamies D, Estevan C, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Roles of NTE protein and encoding gene in development and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:352-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Kilic O, Pamies D, Lavell E, Schiapparelli P, Feng Y, Hartung T, Bal-Price A, Hogberg HT, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cazares H, Levchenko A. Brain-on-a-chip model enables analysis of human neuronal differentiation and chemotaxis. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4152-4162. [PMID: 27722368 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00946h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Migration of neural progenitors in the complex tissue environment of the central nervous system is not well understood. Progress in this area has the potential to drive breakthroughs in neuroregenerative therapies, brain cancer treatments, and neurodevelopmental studies. To a large extent, advances have been limited due to a lack of controlled environments recapitulating characteristics of the central nervous system milieu. Reductionist cell culture models are frequently too simplistic, and physiologically more relevant approaches such as ex vivo brain slices or in situ experiments provide little control and make information extraction difficult. Here, we present a brain-on-chip model that bridges the gap between cell culture and ex vivo/in vivo conditions through recapitulation of self-organized neural differentiation. We use a new multi-layer silicone elastomer device, over the course of four weeks to differentiate pluripotent human (NTERA2) cells into neuronal clusters interconnected with thick axonal bundles and interspersed with astrocytes, resembling the brain parenchyma. Neurons within the device express the neurofilament heavy (NF200) mature axonal marker and the microtubule-associated protein (MAP2ab) mature dendritic marker, demonstrating that the devices are sufficiently biocompatible to allow neuronal maturation. This neuronal-glial environment is interfaced with a layer of human brain microvascular endothelial cells showing characteristics of the blood-brain barrier including the expression of zonula occludens (ZO1) tight junctions and increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance. We used this device to model migration of human neural progenitors in response to chemotactic cues within a brain-tissue setting. We show that in the presence of an environment mimicking brain conditions, neural progenitor cells show a significantly enhanced chemotactic response towards shallow gradients of CXCL12, a key chemokine expressed during embryonic brain development and in pathological tissue regions of the central nervous system. Our brain-on-chip model thus provides a convenient and scalable model of neural differentiation and maturation extensible to analysis of complex cell and tissue behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Lavell
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA and CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Schmidt BZ, Lehmann M, Gutbier S, Nembo E, Noel S, Smirnova L, Forsby A, Hescheler J, Avci HX, Hartung T, Leist M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. In vitro acute and developmental neurotoxicity screening: an overview of cellular platforms and high-throughput technical possibilities. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1-33. [PMID: 27492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity are important issues of chemical hazard assessment. Since the interpretation of animal data and their extrapolation to man is challenging, and the amount of substances with information gaps exceeds present animal testing capacities, there is a big demand for in vitro tests to provide initial information and to prioritize for further evaluation. During the last decade, many in vitro tests emerged. These are based on animal cells, human tumour cell lines, primary cells, immortalized cell lines, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. They differ in their read-outs and range from simple viability assays to complex functional endpoints such as neural crest cell migration. Monitoring of toxicological effects on differentiation often requires multiomics approaches, while the acute disturbance of neuronal functions may be analysed by assessing electrophysiological features. Extrapolation from in vitro data to humans requires a deep understanding of the test system biology, of the endpoints used, and of the applicability domains of the tests. Moreover, it is important that these be combined in the right way to assess toxicity. Therefore, knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of all cellular platforms, endpoints, and analytical methods is essential when establishing in vitro test systems for different aspects of neurotoxicity. The elements of a test, and their evaluation, are discussed here in the context of comprehensive prediction of potential hazardous effects of a compound. We summarize the main cellular characteristics underlying neurotoxicity, present an overview of cellular platforms and read-out combinations assessing distinct parts of acute and developmental neurotoxicology, and highlight especially the use of stem cell-based test systems to close gaps in the available battery of tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Z Schmidt
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Lehmann
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Erastus Nembo
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noel
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swedish Toxicology Research Center (Swetox), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan X Avci
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary. .,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
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13
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Sogorb MA, Fuster E, Del Río E, Estévez J, Vilanova E. Effects of mipafox, paraoxon, chlorpyrifos and its metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon on the expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:368-373. [PMID: 27117976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is an organophosphorus compound (OP) capable of causing well-known cholinergic and delayed syndromes through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and Neuropathy Target Esterase (NTE), respectively. CPS is also able to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity in animals. NTE is codified by the Pnpla6 gene and plays a central role in differentiation and neurodifferentiation. We tested, in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells under differentiation, the effects of the NTE inhibition by the OPs mipafox, CPS and its main active metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO) on the expression of genes Vegfa, Bcl2, Amot, Nes and Jun, previously reported to be under- or overexpressed after Pnpla6 silencing in this same cellular model. Mipafox did not significantly alter the expression of such genes at concentrations that significantly inhibited NTE. However, CPS and CPO at concentrations that caused NTE inhibition at similar levels to mipafox statistically and significantly altered the expression of most of these genes. Paraoxon (another OP with capability to inhibit esterases but not NTE) caused similar effects to CPS and CPO. These findings suggest that the molecular mechanism for the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by CPS is not based on NTE inhibition, and that other unknown esterases might be potential targets of neurodevelopmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sogorb
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Encarnación Fuster
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Eva Del Río
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Jorge Estévez
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Eugenio Vilanova
- Toxicology and Chemical Safety Unit, Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
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14
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A simple method for the determination of the Tolman electronic parameter of different phosphorus containing ligands, by means of the average local ionization energy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Silencing of PNPLA6, the neuropathy target esterase (NTE) codifying gene, alters neurodifferentiation of human embryonal carcinoma stem cells (NT2). Neuroscience 2014; 281:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Kaur S, Singh S, Chahal KS, Prakash A. Potential pharmacological strategies for the improved treatment of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:893-911. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) are highly toxic compounds that cause cholinergic neuronal excitotoxicity and dysfunction by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in delayed brain damage. This delayed secondary neuronal destruction, which arises primarily in the cholinergic areas of the brain that contain dense accumulations of cholinergic neurons and the majority of cholinergic projection, could be largely responsible for persistent profound neuropsychiatric and neurological impairments such as memory, cognitive, mental, emotional, motor, and sensory deficits in the victims of OP poisoning. The therapeutic strategies for reducing neuronal brain damage must adopt a multifunctional approach to the various steps of brain deterioration: (i) standard treatment with atropine and related anticholinergic compounds; (ii) anti-excitotoxic therapies to prevent cerebral edema, blockage of calcium influx, inhibition of apoptosis, and allow for the control of seizure; (iii) neuroprotection by aid of antioxidants and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (multifunctional drug therapy), to inhibit/limit the secondary neuronal damage; and (iv) therapies targeting chronic neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. These neuroprotective strategies may prevent secondary neuronal damage in both early and late stages of OP poisoning, and thus may be a beneficial approach to treating the neuropsychological and neuronal impairments resulting from OP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsherjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, Punjab, India
| | - Satinderpal Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karan Singh Chahal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
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17
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Estevan C, Fuster E, Del Río E, Pamies D, Vilanova E, Sogorb MA. Organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos and its metabolites alter the expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells in a comparable way to other model neurodevelopmental toxicants. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1487-95. [PMID: 25137620 DOI: 10.1021/tx500051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are discrepancies about whether chlorpyrifos is able to induce neurodevelopmental toxicity or not. We previously reported alterations in the pattern of expression of biomarker genes of differentiation in D3 mouse embryonic stem cells caused by chlorpyrifos and its metabolites chlorpyrifos-oxon and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Now, we reanalyze these data comparing the effects on these genes with those caused in the same genes by retinoic acid, valproic acid, and penicillin-G (model compounds considered as strong, weak, and non-neurodevelopmental toxicants, respectively). We also compare the effects of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites on the cell viability of D3 cells and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with the effects caused in the same cells by the three model compounds. We conclude that chlorpyrifos and its metabolites act, regarding these end-points, as the weak neurodevelopmental toxicant valproic acid, and consequently, a principle of caution should be applied avoiding occupational exposures in pregnant women. A second independent experiment run with different cellular batches coming from the same clone obtained the same result as the first one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Estevan
- Unidad de Toxicología y Seguridad Química, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche , Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202-Elche, Spain
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