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Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, Santos BR, de Jesus Nascimento AE, Santos EO, Barbosa EM, de Macêdo IO, Mendonça LD, Sarmento-Neto JF, Pinho CS, Coura ETDS, Santos ADS, Rodrigues ME, Rebouças JS, De-Freitas-Silva G, Munhoz AD, de Lavor MSL, Silva JF. Manganese porphyrin-based treatment improves fetal-placental development and protects against oxidative damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a rat maternal hypothyroidism model. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103238. [PMID: 38870780 PMCID: PMC11225907 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are at the genesis of placental disorders observed in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal hypothyroidism. In this regard, cationic manganese porphyrins (MnPs) comprise potent redox-active therapeutics of high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, which have not been evaluated in metabolic gestational diseases yet. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of two MnPs, [MnTE-2-PyP]5+ (MnP I) and [MnT(5-Br-3-E-Py)P]5+ (MnP II), in the fetal-placental dysfunction of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and treatment with MnPs I and II 0.1 mg/kg/day started on the 8th day of gestation (DG). The fetal and placental development, and protein and/or mRNA expression of antioxidant mediators (SOD1, CAT, GPx1), hypoxia (HIF1α), oxidative damage (8-OHdG, MDA), ERS (GRP78 and CHOP), immunological (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, Caspase1, Gasdermin D) and angiogenic (VEGF) were evaluated in the placenta and decidua on the 18th DG using immunohistochemistry and qPCR. ROS and peroxynitrite (PRX) were quantified by fluorometric assay, while enzyme activities of SOD, GST, and catalase were evaluated by colorimetric assay. MnPs I and II increased fetal body mass in hypothyroid rats, and MnP I increased fetal organ mass. MnPs restored the junctional zone morphology in hypothyroid rats and increased placental vascularization. MnPs blocked the increase of OS and ERS mediators caused by hypothyroidism, showing similar levels of expression of HIFα, 8-OHdG, MDA, Gpx1, GRP78, and Chop to the control. Moreover, MnPs I and/or II increased the protein expression of SOD1, Cat, and GPx1 and restored the expression of IL10, Nlrp3, and Caspase1 in the decidua and/or placenta. However, MnPs did not restore the low placental enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, and GST caused by hypothyroidism, while increased the decidual and placental protein expression of TNFα. The results show that treatment with MnPs improves the fetal-placental development and the placental inflammatory state of hypothyroid rats and protects against oxidative stress and reticular stress caused by hypothyroidism at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Emilly Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Isabela Oliveira de Macêdo
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - José Ferreira Sarmento-Neto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Clarice Santos Pinho
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Acácio de Sá Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marciel Elio Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual Do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Júlio Santos Rebouças
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gilson De-Freitas-Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dias Munhoz
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil.
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Ru X, Yang M, Teng Y, Han Y, Hu Y, Wang J, Tao F, Huang K. Association of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody during pregnancy with placental morphology and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1182049. [PMID: 37810887 PMCID: PMC10556745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1182049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest that thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity exposure during pregnancy may contribute to changes in placental morphology and pathophysiology. However, little is known about the association of maternal TPOAb during pregnancy with placental morphology and cytokines. This study focuses on the effect of repeated measurements of maternal TPOAb during pregnancy on the placental morphology and cytokines. Methods Based on Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) in China, maternal TPOAb levels were retrospectively detected in the first, second and third trimesters. Placental tissues were collected 30 minutes after childbirth, placental morphological indicators were obtained by immediate measurement and formula calculation, and cytokine mRNA expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) afterward. Generalized linear models and linear mixed models were analyzed for the relationships of maternal TPOAb in the first, second and third trimesters with placental indicators. Results Totally 2274 maternal-fetal pairs were included in the analysis of maternal TPOAb levels and placental morphology, and 2122 pairs were included in that of maternal TPOAb levels and placental cytokines. Maternal TPOAb levels in early pregnancy were negatively associated with placental length, thickness, volume, weight and disc eccentricity, while positively correlated with placental IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, CD68, MCP-1, IL-10, HO-1, HIF-1α and GRP78. In mid-pregnancy, maternal TPOAb levels were negatively correlated with placental length, width and area. In late pregnancy, maternal TPOAb levels were negatively correlated with placental length, area, volume and weight. Repeated measures analysis showed that maternal TPOAb positivity tended to increase placental TNF-α, CD68 and MCP-1 while decreasing placental length, width and area than TPOAb negativity. Repeated measures analysis showed that maternal TPOAb levels were positively correlated with placental IL-6, TNF-α, CD68, MCP-1, IL-10, HO-1, HIF-1α and GRP78, while negatively correlated with placental length, area, volume, weight, and disc eccentricity. Conclusion There may be trimester-specific associations between maternal TPOAb levels and placental morphology and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The effect of maternal TPOAb levels on placental morphology is present throughout pregnancy. Early pregnancy may be the critical period for the association between maternal TPOAb levels and placental inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ru
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University (AHMU), Hefei, China
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Eltayeb MM, Mohamad RMA, Alhawiti IS, Alsulami GM, Buraei SSEM, Mohammed SSH, Awaji HH. Neonatal Outcome of Mothers With COVID-19 in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e45257. [PMID: 37842358 PMCID: PMC10576630 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the neonatal outcome of mothers with COVID-19 in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was a hospital record-based, retrospective cohort study. The case group included neonates born to mothers who were positive for the COVID-19 virus during pregnancy, whereas the control group included neonates born to mothers who were not infected with the COVID-19 virus during pregnancy. The data were collected from the records and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS This study covered the hospital records of 342 women (114 cases and 228 control). The rates of cesarean sections and small for gestational age were significantly higher among the cases compared to the controls (71.1% versus 43.4%, p < 0.001 and 24.6% versus 11.8%, p = 0.003; respectively). The mean birth weight was significantly lower among the cases group (3.0 ± 0.6 versus 3.3 ± 0.6 kg, p = 0.022). Only the case group reported the occurrence of neonatal COVID-19 infection (7.9%, p < 0.001). The study reported only a single case of intrauterine fetal death and one stillbirth in the cases group, but no neonatal deaths (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal COVID-19 may be associated with undesirable neonatal outcomes. There is a possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to the neonate, but this cannot be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hosam Hadi Awaji
- Preventive Medicine Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk, SAU
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Santos BR, Cordeiro JMDA, Santos LC, Santana LDS, Nascimento AEDJ, Silva JF. Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076820. [PMID: 37047793 PMCID: PMC10095583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diseases such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes cause inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta and changes in placental kisspeptin levels. Although maternal hypothyroidism also reduces the kisspeptin/Kiss1R system at the maternal-fetal interface, there is still no information on whether this dysfunction causes inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta or influences the modulatory role of kisspeptin in these processes. This study aimed to evaluate whether hypothyroidism activates the inflammasome-NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis at the maternal-fetal interface of rats and whether kisspeptin can modulate these processes. Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar rats by the administration of propylthiouracil. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) treatment began on the 8th day of gestation (DG). Gene and/or protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, IL-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D (Gsmd) were evaluated in the deciduae and placentae at the 18th DG. Hypothyroidism increased the decidual and placental stainings of NLRP3, IL-1β, and Gasdermin D, and increased the gene expressions of Nlrp3, Ilβ, and Il18 in the placenta and of Gsmd in the decidua. Treatment with Kp10 suppressed the increase in NLRP3/Nlrp3, IL-1β, Il18, and Gasdermin D/Gsmd caused by hypothyroidism at the maternal-fetal interface. However, Kp10 increased the placental gene expressions of Casp1 and Il1β. The findings demonstrated that maternal hypothyroidism activated the inflammasome-NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis at the maternal-fetal interface of rats and that treatment with Kp10 was able to block these processes, thus suggesting that kisspeptin analogues may be promising in the treatment of gestational diseases that involve inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Silva Santana
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Acácia Eduarda de Jesus Nascimento
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil
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Hasebe T, Fujimoto K, Ishizuya-Oka A. Stem cell development involves divergent thyroid hormone receptor subtype expression and epigenetic modifications in the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:1-22. [PMID: 36863790 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis, most of the larval epithelial cells undergo apoptosis, while a small number of the epithelial cells dedifferentiate into stem cells (SCs). The SCs actively proliferate and then newly generate the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian counterpart, which is continuously renewed from the SCs throughout adulthood. This larval-to-adult intestinal remodeling can be experimentally induced by thyroid hormone (TH) through interacting with the surrounding connective tissue that develops as the stem cell niche. Thus, the amphibian intestine provides us a valuable opportunity to study how the SCs and their niche are formed during development. To clarify the TH-induced and evolutionally conserved mechanism of SC development at the molecular level, numerous TH response genes have been identified in the Xenopus laevis intestine over the last three decades and extensively analyzed for their expression and function by using wild-type and transgenic Xenopus tadpoles. Interestingly, accumulating evidence indicates that thyroid hormone receptor (TR) epigenetically regulates the expression of TH response genes involved in the remodeling. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the understanding of SC development, focusing on epigenetic gene regulation by TH/TR signaling in the X. laevis intestine. We here propose that two subtypes of TRs, TRα and TRβ, play distinct roles in the intestinal SC development via different histone modifications in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Fujimoto
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Salmeri N, Carbone IF, Cavoretto PI, Farina A, Morano D. Epigenetics Beyond Fetal Growth Restriction: A Comprehensive Overview. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:607-626. [PMID: 36028645 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is a pathological condition occurring when the fetus does not reach the genetically determined growth potential. The etiology of fetal growth restriction is expected to be multifactorial and include fetal, maternal, and placental factors, the latter being the most frequent cause of isolated fetal growth restriction. Severe fetal growth restriction has been related to both an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and also a greater susceptibility to developing diseases (especially cardio-metabolic and neurological disorders) later in life. In the last decade, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis of the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease, which states that individual developmental 'programming' takes place via a delicate fine tuning of fetal genetic and epigenetic marks in response to a large variety of 'stressor' exposures during pregnancy. As the placenta is the maternal-fetal interface, it has a crucial role in fetal programming, such that any perturbation altering placental function interferes with both in-utero fetal growth and also with the adult life phenotype. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been highlighted in modulating the dynamic placental epigenome, including alterations in DNA methylation status, post-translational modification of histones, and non-coding RNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available literature on the epigenetic background of fetal growth restriction. A targeted research strategy was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to January 2022. A detailed and fully referenced synthesis of available literature following the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles guidelines is provided. A variety of epigenetic marks predominantly interfering with placental development, function, and metabolism were found to be potentially associated with fetal growth restriction. Available evidence on the role of environmental exposures in shaping the placental epigenome and the fetal phenotype were also critically discussed. Because of the highly dynamic crosstalk between epigenetic mechanisms and the extra level of complexity in interpreting the final placental transcriptome, a full comprehension of these phenomenon is still lacking and advances in multi-omics approaches are urgently needed. Elucidating the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins of health and disease represents a new challenge for the coming years, with the goal of providing early interventions and prevention strategies and, hopefully, new treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Salmeri
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilma Floriana Carbone
- Unit of Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and Neonate, Mangiagalli Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ivo Cavoretto
- Gynecology/Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Farina
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), IRCCS Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Danila Morano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona, Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Role of microRNA in Endocrine Disruptor-Induced Immunomodulation of Metabolic Health. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111034. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of poor metabolic health is growing exponentially worldwide. This condition is associated with complex comorbidities that lead to a compromised quality of life. One of the contributing factors recently gaining attention is exposure to environmental chemicals, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Considerable evidence suggests that EDCs can alter the endocrine system through immunomodulation. More concerning, EDC exposure during the fetal development stage has prominent adverse effects later in life, which may pass on to subsequent generations. Although the mechanism of action for this phenomenon is mostly unexplored, recent reports implicate that non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRs), may play a vital role in this scenario. MiRs are significant contributors in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Studies demonstrating the immunomodulation of EDCs via miRs in metabolic health or towards the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Hypothesis are still deficient. The aim of the current review was to focus on studies that demonstrate the impact of EDCs primarily on innate immunity and the potential role of miRs in metabolic health.
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8
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Uncontrolled Thyroid during Pregnancy Alters the Circulative and Exerted Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084248. [PMID: 35457066 PMCID: PMC9029102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal levels of thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for a normal pregnancy outcome, fetal growth and the normal function of the central nervous system. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, is a significant metabolic factor leading to cognitive impairments. It is essential to investigate whether patients with thyroid dysfunction may present an altered circulative and excreted metabolic profile, even after receiving treatment with thyroxine supplements. NMR metabolomics was employed to analyze 90 serum and corresponding colostrum samples. Parallel analyses of the two biological specimens provided a snapshot of the maternal metabolism through the excretive and circulating characteristics of mothers. The metabolomics data were analyzed by performing multivariate statistical, biomarker and pathway analyses. Our results highlight the impact of hypothyroidism on metabolites’ composition during pregnancy and lactation. Thyroid disorder causing metabolite fluctuations may lead to impaired lipid and glucose metabolic pathways as well as aberrant prenatal neurodevelopment, thus posing a background for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome or neurogenerative diseases later in life. This risk applies to not only untreated but also hypothyroid women under replacement therapy since our findings in both biofluids framed a different metabolic phenotype for the latter group, thus emphasizing the need to monitor women adequately after treatment initiation.
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9
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Shi Q, Wu M, Chen P, Wei B, Tan H, Huang P, Chang S. Criminal of Adverse Pregnant Outcomes: A Perspective From Thyroid Hormone Disturbance Caused by SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:791654. [PMID: 35047419 PMCID: PMC8761741 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.791654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging evidence has shown adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, preeclampsia, cesarean, and perinatal death, occurring in pregnant women after getting infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thyroid hormone disturbance has been unveiled consistently in various studies. As commonly known, thyroid hormone is vital for promoting pregnancy and optimal fetal growth and development. Even mild thyroid dysfunction can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. We explored and summarized possible mechanisms of thyroid hormone abnormality in pregnant women after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and made a scientific thypothesis that adverse pregnancy outcomes can be the result of thyroid hormone disorder during COVID-19. In which case, we accentuate the importance of thyroid hormone surveillance for COVID-19-infected pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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10
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Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu W, Fan J. Identifying Non-Linear Association Between Maternal Free Thyroxine and Risk of Preterm Delivery by a Machine Learning Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:817595. [PMID: 35282469 PMCID: PMC8907667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.817595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm delivery (PTD) is the primary cause of mortality in infants. Mounting evidence indicates that thyroid dysfunction might be associated with an increased risk of PTD, but the dose-dependent association between the continuous spectrum maternal free thyroxine (FT4) and PTD is still not well-defined. This study aimed to further investigate this relationship using a machine learning-based model. METHODS A hospital-based cohort study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 in Shanghai, China. Pregnant women who delivered singleton live births and had first-trimester thyroid function data available were included. The generalized additive models with penalized cubic regression spline were applied to explore the non-linear association between maternal FT4 and risk of PTD and also subtypes of PTD. The time-to-event method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were further applied to analyze the association of abnormally high and low maternal FT4 concentrations with the timing of PTD. RESULTS A total of 65,565 singleton pregnancies with completed medical records and no known thyroid disease before pregnancy were included for final analyses. There was a U-shaped dose-dependent relationship between maternal FT4 in the first trimester and PTD (p <0.001). Compared with the normal range of maternal FT4, increased risk of PTD was identified in both low maternal FT4 (<11.7 pmol/L; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% CI [1.13-1.59]) and high maternal FT4 (>19.7 pmol/L; HR 1.41, 95% CI [1.13-1.76]). The association between isolated hypothyroxinemia and PTD was mainly associated with spontaneous PTD (HR 1.33, 95% CI [1.11-1.59]) while overt hyperthyroidism may be attributable to iatrogenic PTD (HR 1.51, 95% CI [1.18-1.92]) when compared with euthyroid women. Additionally, mediation analysis identified that an estimated 11.80% of the association between overt hyperthyroidism and iatrogenic PTD risk was mediated via the occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We revealed a U-shaped association between maternal FT4 and PTD for the first time, exceeding the clinical definition of maternal thyroid function test abnormalities. Our findings provide insights towards the need to establish optimal range of maternal FT4 concentrations for preventing adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yindi Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weibin Wu, ; Jianxia Fan,
| | - Jianxia Fan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weibin Wu, ; Jianxia Fan,
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11
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Human Placental Transcriptome Reveals Critical Alterations in Inflammation and Energy Metabolism with Fetal Sex Differences in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157899. [PMID: 34360662 PMCID: PMC8347496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-functioning placenta is crucial for normal gestation and regulates the nutrient, gas, and waste exchanges between the maternal and fetal circulations and is an important endocrine organ producing hormones that regulate both the maternal and fetal physiologies during pregnancy. Placental insufficiency is implicated in spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). We proposed that deficits in the capacity of the placenta to maintain bioenergetic and metabolic stability during pregnancy may ultimately result in SPTB. To explore our hypothesis, we performed a RNA-seq study in male and female placentas from women with SPTB (<36 weeks gestation) compared to normal pregnancies (≥38 weeks gestation) to assess the alterations in the gene expression profiles. We focused exclusively on Black women (cases and controls), who are at the highest risk of SPTB. Six hundred and seventy differentially expressed genes were identified in male SPTB placentas. Among them, 313 and 357 transcripts were increased and decreased, respectively. In contrast, only 61 differentially expressed genes were identified in female SPTB placenta. The ingenuity pathway analysis showed alterations in the genes and canonical pathways critical for regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, detoxification, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. Many upstream regulators and master regulators important for nutrient-sensing and metabolism were also altered in SPTB placentas, including the PI3K complex, TGFB1/SMADs, SMARCA4, TP63, CDKN2A, BRCA1, and NFAT. The transcriptome was integrated with published human placental metabolome to assess the interactions of altered genes and metabolites. Collectively, significant and biologically relevant alterations in the transcriptome were identified in SPTB placentas with fetal sex disparities. Altered energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and detoxification may underly the mechanisms of placental dysfunction in SPTB.
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12
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Bellos I, Pandita A, Panza R. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 256:194-204. [PMID: 33246205 PMCID: PMC7664337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence concerning coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) in pregnancy is still scarce and scattered. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in covid-19 pregnancies and identify factors associated with perinatal viral transmission. Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched to 3 June 2020. Overall, 16 observational studies and 44 case reports/series were included. Fever was the most frequent maternal symptom, followed by cough and shortness of breath, while about 15 % of infected were asymptomatic. Severe disease was estimated to occur in 11 % of women in case reports/series and in 7 % (95 % CI: 4 %-10 %) in observational studies. Two maternal deaths were reported. The rate of neonatal transmission did not differ between women with and without severe disease (OR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 0.50-7.60). Preterm birth occurred in 29.7 % and 16 % (95 % CI: 11 %-21 %) in data obtained from case series and observational studies, respectively. Stillbirth occurred in 3 cases and 2 neonatal deaths were observed. Vertical transmission was suspected in 4 cases. Fever was the most common neonatal symptom (40 %), followed by shortness of breath (28 %) and vomiting (24 %), while 20 % of neonates were totally asymptomatic. In conclusion, the maternal and neonatal clinical course the infection is typically mild, presenting low mortality rates. The risk of vertical transmission is suggested to be low and may not be affected by the severity of maternal disease. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the risk factors associated with viral transmission and severe infection in the neonatal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Aakash Pandita
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Raffaella Panza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Section, Policlinico Hospital, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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13
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Rolfo A, Nuzzo AM, De Amicis R, Moretti L, Bertoli S, Leone A. Fetal-Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1744. [PMID: 32545151 PMCID: PMC7353272 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances able to mimic or to interfere with the endocrine system, thus altering key biological processes such as organ development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism and behavior. High concentrations of EDCs are found in several everyday products including plastic bottles and food containers and they could be easily absorbed by dietary intake. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised regarding the biological effects of EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, on human pregnancy and fetal development. Several evidence obtained on in vitro and animal models as well as by epidemiologic and population studies strongly indicated that endocrine disruptors could negatively impact fetal and placental health by interfering with the embryonic developing epigenome, thus establishing disease paths into adulthood. Moreover, EDCs could cause and/or contribute to the onset of severe gestational conditions as Preeclampsia (PE), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes in pregnancy, as well as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular complications in reproductive age. Therefore, despite contrasting data being present in the literature, endocrine disruptors must be considered as a therapeutic target. Future actions aimed at reducing or eliminating EDC exposure during the perinatal period are mandatory to guarantee pregnancy success and preserve fetal and adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
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14
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Zheng D, Hou Y, Li Y, Bian Y, Khan M, Li F, Huang L, Qiao C. Long Non-coding RNA Gas5 Is Associated With Preeclampsia and Regulates Biological Behaviors of Trophoblast via MicroRNA-21. Front Genet 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32194641 PMCID: PMC7063462 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a lethal pregnancy specific hypertensive disorder involving multisystem. Despite extensive studies to investigate the causes of preeclampsia, the pathogenesis still remains largely unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of non-translated RNAs which play a crucial part in various biological phenomena. Although lncRNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer tissues and is implicated in multiple biological processes of tumor cells, little is known about its role in preeclampsia. In this study, 40 patients with preeclampsia and 32 gestational age matched normotension pregnant women were recruited. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we found higher expression of GAS5 in placenta of preclamsia affected women. The level of GAS5 existed strongly in correlation with Thrombin Time indicating coagulation function and other clinical parameters by Pearson correlation analysis. Then we constructed the GAS5 lentivirus expression vectors and transfected into human trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3. Using in vitro cell culture studies, we found an inhibited effect of GAS5 on proliferative ability, migratory ability and invasive ability however; no effect on apoptosis was detected. Further mechanistic analysis found that GAS5 modulated microRNA-21 (miR-21) in an opposite variation tendency by qRT-PCR and rescue experiment. In addition, inhibition of GAS5 promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream proteins covering MMP-9 and TP53 as evident from our qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Thus, we suggested that GAS5 might involve in pregnancy with preeclampsia by influencing the biological functions of trophoblast cells through the regulation of miR-21 and activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream targets, which may contribute to reveal the nature of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhanmmad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shenyang, China
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15
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Lin TT, Zhang C, Zhang HQ, Wang Y, Chen L, Dennis CL, Huang H, Wu YT. Thyroid Hormone Changes in Early Pregnancy Along With the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606723. [PMID: 33365014 PMCID: PMC7750518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) was first reported in December 2019 and quickly swept across China and around the world. Levels of anxiety and depression were increased among pregnant women during this infectious pandemic. Thyroid function is altered during stressful experiences, and any abnormality during early pregnancy may significantly affect fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic induces thyroid hormone changes in early pregnant women. METHODS This study comprised two groups of pregnant women in Shanghai in their first trimester - those pregnant women before the COVID-19 outbreak from January 20, 2019, to March 31, 2019 (Group 1) and those pregnant during the COVID-19 outbreak from January 20, 2020, to March 31, 2020 (Group 2). All women were included if they had early pregnancy thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) available and did not have a history of thyroid diseases or received thyroid treatment before or during pregnancy. We used propensity score matching to form a cohort in which patients had similar baseline characteristics. RESULTS Among 3338 eligible pregnant women, 727 women in Group 1 and 727 in Group 2 had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyses. Pregnant women in Group 2 had significantly higher FT3 (5.7 vs. 5.2 pmol/L, P<0.001) and lower FT4 (12.8 vs. 13.2 pmol/L, P<0.001) concentrations compared with those in Group 1. Pregnant women in Group 2 were more likely to develop isolated hypothyroxinemia (11.6% vs. 6.9%, OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.20-2.53], P=0.003) than those in Group 1 but had a significantly lower risk of TgAb positivity (12.0% vs. 19.0%, OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.43-0.78], P<0.001). CONCLUSION Pregnant women in their first trimester in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreak were at an increased risk of having higher FT3 concentrations, lower FT4 concentrations, and isolated hypothyroxinemia. The association between thyroid hormones, pregnancy outcomes, and the COVID-19 outbreak should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Qiu Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Yan-Ting Wu,
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China; Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Yan-Ting Wu,
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16
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Maternal dietary selenium intake is associated with increased gestational length and decreased risk of preterm delivery. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:209-219. [PMID: 31865927 PMCID: PMC7015879 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The first positive genome-wide association study on gestational length and preterm delivery showed the involvement of an Se metabolism gene. In the present study, we examine the association between maternal intake of Se and Se status with gestational length and preterm delivery in 72 025 women with singleton live births from the population-based, prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A self-reported, semi-quantitative FFQ answered in pregnancy week 22 was used to estimate Se intake during the first half of pregnancy. Associations were analysed with adjusted linear and Cox regressions. Se status was assessed in whole blood collected in gestational week 17 (n 2637). Median dietary Se intake was 53 (interquartile range (IQR) 44–62) µg/d, supplements provided additionally 50 (IQR 30–75) µg/d for supplement users (n 23 409). Maternal dietary Se intake was significantly associated with prolonged gestational length (β per sd = 0·25, 95 % CI, 0·07, 0·43) and decreased risk of preterm delivery (n 3618, hazard ratio per sd = 0·92, 95 % CI, 0·87, 0·98). Neither Se intake from supplements nor maternal blood Se status was associated with gestational length or preterm delivery. Hence, the present study showed that maternal dietary Se intake but not intake of Se-containing supplements, during the first half of pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased risk of preterm delivery. Further investigations, preferably in the form of a large randomised controlled trial, are needed to elucidate the impact of Se on pregnancy duration.
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17
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Differential expression and immunoreactivity of thyroid hormone transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 in rat ovary. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:151440. [PMID: 31561916 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate several physiological processes in female mammals, many of which are related to reproduction such as steroidogenesis in the ovary, oocyte and granulosa cells maturation, follicular development and differentiation, and ovulation. THs actions require the presence of THs transporters to facilitate their cellular uptake and efflux. MCT8 and OATP1C1 are the principal THs transporters. The aim of the present study was to determine the gene expression and cellular localization of MCT8 and OATP1C1 in the rat ovary during the diestrus-II cycle phase. Ovaries of virgin adult rats were histologically processed. Reverse Transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry analyses for MCT8 and OATP1C1 were done. MCT8 gene expression level was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) than that of OATP1C1 in the rat ovary. MCT8 and OATP1C1 were found in all types of ovarian cells but with different immunoreactivity. MCT8 showed stronger immunoreactivity in tertiary and Graafian follicles, corpus luteum and blood vessels, whereas OATP1C1's immunoreactivity was stronger in stroma cells, tunica albuginea, and blood vessels. Our results provide evidence that THs and their transporters are both necessary for ovarian function and that any alteration in these transporters could interfere with reproductive processes such as ovulation and steroidogenesis, compromising fertility.
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18
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McAlpine JM, McKeating DR, Vincze L, Vanderlelie JJ, Perkins AV. Essential Mineral Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association With Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes in South East Queensland, Australia. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819879444. [PMID: 31632052 PMCID: PMC6769211 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819879444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient supplements are often recommended during pregnancy, yet their role and necessity remain poorly understood in the Australian population. This study aimed to determine the essential mineral intake of a population of pregnant women in South East Queensland and investigate the effects of supplements on their micronutrient status and birth outcomes. Women completing the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at two South East Queensland hospitals between 180 and 210 days gestation provided fasting blood samples and dietary data using the Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool (n = 127). Birth outcomes were sourced from medical records. Serum elemental profiles were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Intake of 8 essential minerals was compared with Australian dietary recommendations; matched serum mineral levels were compared with the current Queensland pregnancy reference ranges. Data were examined using cross-sectional cohort design and independent sample t-tests. Supplement use had no significant influence on serum values of trace elements or the incidence of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm birth or infant birthweight. Dietary selenium, zinc and iodine were significantly higher in women birthing beyond 41 completed weeks; selenium (P = .026) and zinc (P = .034) both made unique contributions to the regression models when controlling for confounders. Women exhibited adequate to excessive serum micronutrient levels compared with pregnancy reference ranges, a finding consistent with dietary intake calculations. Data suggest that excessive essential mineral intake contributed to prolonged pregnancy in this cohort, supporting previous studies in this population. Further research is required to determine individual needs and eliminate the potential for harm before recommending pregnancy supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M McAlpine
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel R McKeating
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa Vincze
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anthony V Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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19
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Thyroid hormones and female reproduction. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:907-921. [PMID: 29767691 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system, since they modulate the metabolism and development of ovarian, uterine, and placental tissues. Therefore, hypo- and hyperthyroidism may result in subfertility or infertility in both women and animals. Other well-documented sequelae of maternal thyroid dysfunctions include menstrual/estral irregularity, anovulation, abortion, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, postpartum thyroiditis, and mental retardation in children. Several studies have been carried out involving prospective and retrospective studies of women with thyroid dysfunction, as well as in vivo and in vitro assays of hypo- and hyperthyroidism using experimental animal models and/or ovarian, uterine, and placental cell culture. These studies have sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which thyroid hormones influence reproduction to better understand the physiology of the reproductive system and to provide better therapeutic tools for reproductive dysfunctions that originate from thyroid dysfunctions. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and update the available information related to the role of thyroid hormones in the morphophysiology of the ovary, uterus, and placenta in women and animals and the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneo F Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natália M Ocarino
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Korevaar TIM, Derakhshan A, Taylor PN, Meima M, Chen L, Bliddal S, Carty DM, Meems M, Vaidya B, Shields B, Ghafoor F, Popova PV, Mosso L, Oken E, Suvanto E, Hisada A, Yoshinaga J, Brown SJ, Bassols J, Auvinen J, Bramer WM, López-Bermejo A, Dayan C, Boucai L, Vafeiadi M, Grineva EN, Tkachuck AS, Pop VJM, Vrijkotte TG, Guxens M, Chatzi L, Sunyer J, Jiménez-Zabala A, Riaño I, Murcia M, Lu X, Mukhtar S, Delles C, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Nelson SM, Alexander EK, Chaker L, Männistö T, Walsh JP, Pearce EN, Steegers EAP, Peeters RP. Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2019; 322:632-641. [PMID: 31429897 PMCID: PMC6704759 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are risk factors for preterm birth. Milder thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent, but it remains controversial if these are associated with preterm birth. Objective To study if maternal thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are risk factors for preterm birth. Data Sources and Study Selection Studies were identified through a search of the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 18, 2018, and by publishing open invitations in relevant journals. Data sets from published and unpublished prospective cohort studies with data on thyroid function tests (thyrotropin [often referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH] and free thyroxine [FT4] concentrations) or thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody measurements and gestational age at birth were screened for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers. Studies in which participants received treatment based on abnormal thyroid function tests were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis The primary authors provided individual participant data that were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestational age). Results From 2526 published reports, 35 cohorts were invited to participate. After the addition of 5 unpublished data sets, a total of 19 cohorts were included. The study population included 47 045 pregnant women (mean age, 29 years; median gestational age at blood sampling, 12.9 weeks), of whom 1234 (3.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (increased thyrotropin concentration with normal FT4 concentration), 904 (2.2%) had isolated hypothyroxinemia (decreased FT4 concentration with normal thyrotropin concentration), and 3043 (7.5%) were TPO antibody positive; 2357 (5.0%) had a preterm birth. The risk of preterm birth was higher for women with subclinical hypothyroidism than euthyroid women (6.1% vs 5.0%, respectively; absolute risk difference, 1.4% [95% CI, 0%-3.2%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.29 [95% CI, 1.01-1.64]). Among women with isolated hypothyroxinemia, the risk of preterm birth was 7.1% vs 5.0% in euthyroid women (absolute risk difference, 2.3% [95% CI, 0.6%-4.5%]; OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.12-1.90]). In continuous analyses, each 1-SD higher maternal thyrotropin concentration was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth (absolute risk difference, 0.2% [95% CI, 0%-0.4%] per 1 SD; OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09] per 1 SD). Thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women had a higher risk of preterm birth vs TPO antibody-negative women (6.6% vs 4.9%, respectively; absolute risk difference, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.7%-2.8%]; OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.15-1.56]). Conclusions and Relevance Among pregnant women without overt thyroid disease, subclinical hypothyroidism, isolated hypothyroxinemia, and TPO antibody positivity were significantly associated with higher risk of preterm birth. These results provide insights toward optimizing clinical decision-making strategies that should consider the potential harms and benefits of screening programs and levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I M Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arash Derakhshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Marcel Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liangmiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Rui'an Center of the Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sofie Bliddal
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Carty
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Margreet Meems
- Departments of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Bijay Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England
| | - Beverley Shields
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England
| | - Farkhanda Ghafoor
- National Health Research Complex, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Polina V Popova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lorena Mosso
- Department of Endocrinology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eila Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aya Hisada
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Colin Dayan
- Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, England
| | - Laura Boucai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena N Grineva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Tkachuck
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor J M Pop
- Departments of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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21
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Businge CB, Madini N, Longo-Mbenza B, Kengne AP. Insufficient iodine nutrition status and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025573. [PMID: 31129578 PMCID: PMC6538048 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is one of the established risk factors for pre-eclampsia, the link between iodine deficiency, the main cause of hypothyroidism and pre-eclampsia remains uncertain. About two billion people live in areas with iodine insufficiency. The increased renal blood flow during pregnancy leading to increased renal iodine clearance together with the increased placental transfer of iodine to the fetus leads to further iodine deficiency in pregnancy. Iodine is one of the most potent exogenous antioxidants whose deficiency is associated with oxidant imbalance and endothelial dysfunction, one of the mechanisms associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search of published literature will be conducted for case-control studies that directly determined the iodine nutrition status of women with pre-eclampsia and appropriate normotensive controls. A similar search will be conducted for cohort studies in which the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women with adequate and inadequate iodine nutrition status was reported. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Africa Wide Information will be searched up to 31 December 2018. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. Risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Appropriate meta-analytic techniques will be used to pool prevalence and incidence rates, odds and relative risk of pre-eclampsia from studies with similar features, overall and by geographical regions. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed and quantified and publication bias investigated. This protocol is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Since the proposed study will use published data, there is no requirement for ethical approval. This review seeks to identify the risk of pre-eclampsia associated with insufficient iodine nutrition in pregnancy. This will help to ascertain whether insufficient iodine intake may be an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia. This will advise policy makers on the possibility of maximising iodine nutrition in pregnancy and reproductive age as one of the remedies for prevention of pre-eclampsia among populations at risk of inadequate iodine intake. This review is part of the thesis that will be submitted for the award of a PhD in Medicine to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Cape Town. In addition the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018099427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bitamazire Businge
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Namhla Madini
- Health Sciences Library, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Universite de Kinshasa Faculte de Medecine, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- LOMO Medical Centre, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - A P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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22
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De Vincentis S, Monzani ML, Brigante G. Crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:609-620. [PMID: 29999286 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of axes that start from the hypothalamus and arrive at the final effector organ, in this case gonads and thyroid. However, several clues suggest that these axes do not work in parallel, but they dialogue with each other. In this article, we review evidences demonstrating crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. Firstly, there is an undeniable structural similarity of both hormones and receptors, maybe due to a common ancient origin. This structural similarity leads to possible interaction at the receptor level, explaining the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone on gonadal development and vice versa. Indeed, altered levels of thyroid hormones could lead to different disorders of gonadal development and function throughout entire life, especially during puberty and fertile life. We here report the current knowledge on this item both in males and in females. In particular, we deepen the interaction between thyroid and gonads in two situations in females: polycystic ovary syndrome, the most frequent cause of menstrual alteration, and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria L Monzani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy - .,Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCSAE, Modena, Italy
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23
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Haensgen H, Albornoz E, Opazo MC, Bugueño K, Jara Fernández EL, Binzberger R, Rivero-Castillo T, Venegas Salas LF, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C, Elorza AA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM, Riedel CA. Gestational Hypothyroxinemia Affects Its Offspring With a Reduced Suppressive Capacity Impairing the Outcome of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1257. [PMID: 29928277 PMCID: PMC5997919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) is a thyroid hormone deficiency (THD) condition highly frequent during pregnancy, which although asymptomatic for the mother, it can impair the cognitive function of the offspring. Previous studies have shown that maternal hypothyroidism increases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune disease model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the immune response after EAE induction in the adult offspring gestated in Hpx. Mice gestated in Hpx showed an early appearance of EAE symptoms and the increase of all parameters of the disease such as: the pathological score, spinal cord demyelination, and immune cell infiltration in comparison to the adult offspring gestated in euthyroidism. Isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells from spleen of the offspring gestated in Hpx that suffer EAE showed reduced capacity to suppress proliferation of effector T cells (TEff) after being stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Moreover, adoptive transfer experiments of CD4+CD25+ T cells from the offspring gestated in Hpx suffering EAE to mice that were induced with EAE showed that the receptor mice suffer more intense EAE pathological score. Even though, no significant differences were detected in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 content in the blood, spleen, and brain between mice gestated in Hpx or euthyroidism, T cells CD4+CD25+ from spleen have reduced capacity to differentiate in vitro to Treg and to produce IL-10. Thus, our data support the notion that maternal Hpx can imprint the immune response of the offspring suffering EAE probably due to a reduced capacity to trigger suppression. Such “imprints” on the immune system could contribute to explaining as to why adult offspring gestated in Hpx suffer earlier and more intense EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny Haensgen
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Albornoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María C Opazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherinne Bugueño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn Liliana Jara Fernández
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tomás Rivero-Castillo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis F Venegas Salas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Eerdekens A, Langouche L, Güiza F, Verhaeghe J, Naulaers G, Vanhole C, Van den Berghe G. Maternal and placental responses before preterm birth: adaptations to increase fetal thyroid hormone availability? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2746-2757. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1449199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Eerdekens
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabian Güiza
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Naulaers
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vanhole
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Saha S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya A, Biswas A, Ain R. MicroRNA regulation of Transthyretin in trophoblast differentiation and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16548. [PMID: 29185488 PMCID: PMC5707432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells produce various cytokines, transporters vital to normal embryogenesis. Transthyretin (TTR) aids trans-placental passage of maternal thyroxin (TH) to fetal circulation. Inadequate TH delivery leads to developmental abnormality. Regulation of TTR biosynthesis in placenta is critical for normal embryo development. We showed here that TTR transcripts were expressed more in fetal placenta. Using bioinformatic analysis and confirmation with dual-luciferase reporter assays, we found that miR-200a-3p and miR-141-3p inhibited TTR expression by directly binding to the 3'UTR of TTR, which is reversed by mutation in the microRNA binding site. Differentiation of human trophoblast BeWo cells was associated with decreased TTR transcript and protein levels with concomitant increase in the levels of both microRNAs. Interestingly, ectopic overexpression of the microRNA mimics abrogated thyroxin uptake by BeWo cells, which was reversed by the corresponding inhibitors. Furthermore, in a rat model of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), TTR expression decreased significantly in placenta with reciprocal rise in miR-141-3p but not 200a-3p. In human IUGR placenta, TTR transcript and protein levels were significantly lower associated with high expression of miR-141-3p but not 200a-3p. These data provides new insight into physiological role of miR-141-3p in regulating TTR during trophoblast differentiation and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Saha
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shreeta Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Arati Biswas
- Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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26
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Wang B, Liu JJ, Wang Y, Fu L, Shen R, Yu Z, Wang H, Chen YH, Zhang C, Meng XH, Xu DX. Maternal Fenvalerate Exposure Induces Fetal Intrauterine Growth Restriction Through Disrupting Placental Thyroid Hormone Receptor Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:377-386. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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27
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Korevaar TIM, Steegers EAP, Chaker L, Medici M, Jaddoe VWV, Visser TJ, de Rijke YB, Peeters RP. The Risk of Preeclampsia According to High Thyroid Function in Pregnancy Differs by hCG Concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:5037-5043. [PMID: 27648965 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT During pregnancy, there is an increased demand for thyroid hormone. The pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an important physiological stimulator of thyroid function. Already high-normal maternal free T4 concentrations are associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE The objective of the investigation was to study our hypothesis that hCG concentrations can distinguish a physiological form of high thyroid function from a more pathological form of high thyroid function and that the risk of preeclampsia would differ accordingly. DESIGN TSH, free T4, hCG, or thyroperoxidase antibody concentrations were determined in pregnant women participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted in the general community. PARTICIPANTS A nonselected sample of 5146 pregnant women participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Preeclampsia was measured. RESULTS Women with high hCG-associated high thyroid function did not have a higher risk of preeclampsia than women with normal thyroid function. In contrast, women with low hCG and high thyroid function had a 3.4- to 11.1-fold higher risk of preeclampsia. These risk estimates were amplified in women with a high body mass index. Women with a low hCG and suppressed TSH (<0.10 mU/L) had a 3.2- to 8.9-fold higher risk of preeclampsia. hCG was not associated with preeclampsia, and results remained similar after exclusion of thyroperoxidase antibody-positive women. CONCLUSION This study suggests that, in contrast to women with a high hCG associated high thyroid function, women with low hCG and high thyroid function during pregnancy are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia. The additional measurement of hCG may therefore help to distinguish a more pathological form of high thyroid function and women at a high risk of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim I M Korevaar
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Medici
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J Visser
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- The Generation R Study Group (T.I.M.K., E.A.P.S., M.M., V.W.V.J.) and Departments of Internal Medicine (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.A.P.S.), Pediatrics (V.W.V.J.), Epidemiology (V.W.V.J.), and Clinical Chemistry (Y.B.d.R.), Erasmus Medical Center and/or Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (T.I.M.K., L.C., M.M., T.J.V., R.B.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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