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da Silva Junior CJG, de Medeiros ADM, Cavalcanti AKLDH, de Amorim JDP, Durval IJB, Cavalcanti YDF, Converti A, Costa AFDS, Sarubbo LA. Towards Sustainable Packaging Using Microbial Cellulose and Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) Bagasse. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3732. [PMID: 39124396 PMCID: PMC11312982 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The high consumption of packaging has led to a massive production of waste, especially in the form of nonbiodegradable polymers that are difficult to recycle. Microbial cellulose is considered a biodegradable, low-cost, useful, ecologically correct polymer that may be joined with other biomaterials to obtain novel characteristics and can, therefore, be used as a raw material to produce packaging. Bagasse, a waste rich in plant cellulose, can be reprocessed and used to produce and reinforce other materials. Based on these concepts, the aim of the current research was to design sustainable packaging material composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB), employing an innovative shredding and reconstitution method able to avoid biomass waste. This method enabled creating a uniform structure with a 0.10-cm constant thickness, classified as having high grammage. The developed materials, particularly the 0.7 BC/0.3 SCB [70% (w/w) BC plus 30% (w/w) SCB] composite, had considerable tensile strength (up to 46.22 MPa), which was nearly thrice that of SCB alone (17.43 MPa). Additionally, the sorption index of the 0.7 BC/0.3 SCB composite (235.85 ± 31.29 s) was approximately 300-times higher than that of SCB (0.78 ± 0.09 s). The packaging material was also submitted to other analytical tests to determine its physical and chemical characteristics, which indicated that it has excellent flexibility and can be folded 100 times without tearing. Its surface was explored via scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of fibers measuring 83.18 nm in diameter (BC). Greater adherence after the reconstitution process and even a uniform distribution of SCB fibers in the BC matrix were observed, resulting in greater tear resistance than SCB in its pure form. The results demonstrated that the composite formed by BC and SCB is promising as a raw material for sustainable packaging, due to its resistance and uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio José Galdino da Silva Junior
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre D’Lamare Maia de Medeiros
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anantcha Karla Lafaiete de Holanda Cavalcanti
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
| | - Julia Didier Pedrosa de Amorim
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Italo José Batista Durval
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Escola Icam Tech, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Rua do Príncipe, 526, Boa Vista, Recife 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Yasmim de Farias Cavalcanti
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Escola Icam Tech, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Rua do Príncipe, 526, Boa Vista, Recife 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Pole of Chemical Engineering, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andréa Fernanda de Santana Costa
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Centro de Comunicação e Design, Centro Acadêmico da Região Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), BR 104, km 59, s/n, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
- Instituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50751-310, Brazil; (C.J.G.d.S.J.); (A.D.M.d.M.); (A.K.L.d.H.C.); (J.D.P.d.A.); (I.J.B.D.); (Y.d.F.C.); (A.F.d.S.C.)
- Escola Icam Tech, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Rua do Príncipe, 526, Boa Vista, Recife 50050-900, Brazil
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Anitasari S, Budi HS, Shen YK, Arina YMD. New Insight of Scaffold Based on Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/Bacteria's Nanocellulose (BN) for Dental Tissue Engineering. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:891-897. [PMID: 37995727 PMCID: PMC11290933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial nanocellulose (BN), derived from Acetobacter xylinum ATCC 237672, is a polymer that offers several desirable characteristics for scaffolds applications. To further enhance the characteristic of the BN scaffold, hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Anadara granosa and Achatina fulica can be incorporated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the physical properties of a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold made of HAp and BN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scaffold was developed using the cellulose immersion technique, where BN was soaked in HAp suspension for different duration (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 hours). The physical properties that were evaluated included porosity, pore density, swelling ratio, and water retention. RESULTS The HAp/BN 3D scaffold, which is considered a hydrogel material, exhibited favorable physical properties that can support cell survival. The total porosity of the scaffolds was 100%. There was no significant difference porosity among the groups (p > 0.05). The swelling ratio increased on day 1 and then sharply decreased on day 2. There was a significant difference between the groups on both day 1 and day 2 (p < 0.05). The scaffolds immersed in the HAp for more than 15 hours exhibited higher water retention compared to the other groups, and there was a significant difference between the groups on day 2 and day 4 (p < 0.05). The scaffold immersed for more than 15 hours exhibited a higher pore density compared to those immersed for less than 15 hours, and there was no a significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the HAp/BN 3D scaffold, especially when immersed in HAp for 15 hours, possesses promising physical properties that make it suitable for various applications in dental tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anitasari
- Department of Dental Material and Devices, Dentistry Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
- Department Medical Microbiology, Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kolesovs S, Neiberts K, Semjonovs P, Beluns S, Platnieks O, Gaidukovs S. Evaluation of hydrolyzed cheese whey medium for enhanced bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MSCL 1463. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300529. [PMID: 38896375 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Industrial production of bacterial cellulose (BC) remains challenging due to significant production costs, including the choice of appropriate growth media. This research focuses on optimization of cheese whey (CW) based media for enhanced production of BC. Two modifications were made for CW medium for BC production with Komagataeibacter rhaeticus MSCL 1463. BC production in a medium of enzymatically hydrolyzed CW (final concentration of monosaccharides: glucose 0.13 g L-1, galactose 1.24 g L-1) was significantly enhanced, achieving a yield of 4.95 ± 0.25 g L-1, which markedly surpasses the yields obtained with the standard Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium containing 20 g L-1 glucose and acid-hydrolyzed CW (final concentration of monosaccharides: glucose 1.15 g L-1, galactose 2.01 g L-1), which yielded 3.29 ± 0.12 g L-1 and 1.01 ± 0.14 g L-1, respectively. We explored the synergistic effects of combining CW with various agricultural by-products (corn steep liquor (CSL), apple juice, and sugar beet molasses). Notably, the supplementation with 15% corn steep liquor significantly enhanced BC productivity, achieving 6.97 ± 0.17 g L-1. A comprehensive analysis of the BC's physical and mechanical properties indicated significant alterations in fiber diameter (62-167 nm), crystallinity index (71.1-85.9%), and specific strength (35-82 MPa × cm3 g-1), as well as changes in the density (1.1-1.4 g cm-3). Hydrolyzed CW medium supplemented by CSL could be used for effective production of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Kolesovs
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Neiberts
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pavels Semjonovs
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Beluns
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Jančič U, Trček J, Verestiuc L, Vukomanović M, Gorgieva S. Bacterial nanocellulose loaded with bromelain and nisin as a promising bioactive material for wound debridement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131329. [PMID: 38574906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) membranes were produced extracellularly by a novel aerobic acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter melomenusus. The BnC was modified in situ by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into the culture media, obtaining a BnC-CMC product with denser fibril arrangement, improved rehydration ratio and elasticity in comparison to BnC. The proteolytic enzyme bromelain (Br) and antimicrobial peptide nisin (N) were immobilized to BnC matrix by ex situ covalent binding and/or adsorption. The optimal Br immobilization conditions towards the maximized specific proteolytic activity were investigated by response surface methodology as factor variables. At optimal conditions, i.e., 8.8 mg/mL CMC and 10 mg/mL Br, hyperactivation of the enzyme was achieved, leading to the specific proteolytic activity of 2.3 U/mg and immobilization efficiency of 39.1 %. The antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. faecalis) for membranes with immobilized N and was superior when in situ modified BnC membranes were used. N immobilized on the BnC or BnC-CMC membranes was cytocompatible and did not cause changes in normal human dermal fibroblast cell morphology. BnC membranes perform as an efficient carrier for Br or N immobilization, holding promise in wound debridement and providing antimicrobial action against Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Jančič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Trček
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 9-13 Kogalniceanu Street, 700454, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Sharma P, Sharma R, Ahuja S, Yadav A, Arora S, Aggarwal NK. Enhancement of bacterial cellulose production by ethanol and lactic acid by using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:700-708. [PMID: 37937534 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2276188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study intended to analyze the impact of ethanol and lactic acid on the bacterial cellulose yield as well as physicochemical and mechanical properties, by using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. The optimization of ethanol and lactic acid concentration has been done by using one-way ANOVA. Both the supplements significantly enhance the yield of bacterial cellulose (BC) as compared to the standard Hestrin-Schramm medium (control). Optimization leads to significant increase in BC yield as compared to the control, i.e., the addition, of optimized concentration of lactic acid (0.6%) increases the yield from (0.78 ± 0.026) g to (4.89 ± 0.020) g dry weight, and optimized concentration of ethanol (1%) increases the yield from (0.73 ± 0.057) g to (3.7 ± 0.01) g dry weight. Various physicochemical and mechanical properties of BC films produced in different media (i.e., HS, HS + Ethanol, and HS + Lactic acid), such as the crystallinity, structure, tensile strength, strain at break, Young's modulus, and water holding capacity, were also examined, by employing various techniques such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, etc. BC produced in medium supplemented with the optimum concentration of both the additives were found to possesses higher porosity. Though, slight decline in crystallinity was observed. But the tensile strength and strain at break, were upgraded 1.5-2.5 times, 2-2.5 times, respectively. This article attempted to present a method for enhancing BC yields and characteristics that may lead to more widespread and cost-effective use of this biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Simran Ahuja
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjiv Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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Li B, Wang X, Wang P. Microorganisms and bacterial cellulose stability of Kombucha under different manufacture and storage conditions. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2921-2932. [PMID: 38591324 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to clarify the stability of Kombucha in the manufacture and storage stages due to the extensive study on the fermented products of Kombucha and the increase in the use of bacterial cellulose (BC). This study aimed to evaluate the stability of Kombucha in different manufacturing and storage temperatures within a certain time period. The stability of microorganisms and BC in Kombucha was investigated through regular replacement with the tea media at 28 and 25°C for manufacture, and the storage temperature of Kombucha was at 25, 4, and -20°C. Morphological observations of the BC in Kombucha ended at 28 and 25°C for manufacture and storage were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) before inoculation. The viable cell counts and AFM results showed that the stability of Kombucha during manufacture was better at 28°C than at 25°C, with higher microbial viability and BC productivity in the former at the time of manufacture, whereas 25°C was more favorable for the stability of Kombucha during storage. At the same temperature of 25°C, the manufacturing practice improved the microbial viability and BC stability compared with storage; the pH value of Kombucha was lower, and the dry weight of BC was higher during storage compared with manufacture. The maximum BC water holding capacity (97.16%) was maintained by storage at 4°C on day 63, and the maximum BC swelling rate (56.92%) was observed after storage at -20°C on day 7. The research was conducted to provide reference information for applying Kombucha and its BC in food and development in other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Tsouko E, Pilafidis S, Kourmentza K, Gomes HI, Sarris G, Koralli P, Papagiannopoulos A, Pispas S, Sarris D. A sustainable bioprocess to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) using waste streams from wine distilleries and the biodiesel industry: evaluation of BC for adsorption of phenolic compounds, dyes and metals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:40. [PMID: 38475851 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main challenge for large-scale production of bacterial cellulose (BC) includes high production costs interlinked with raw materials, and low production rates. The valorization of renewable nutrient sources could improve the economic effectiveness of BC fermentation while their direct bioconversion into sustainable biopolymers addresses environmental pollution and/or resource depletion challenges. Herein a green bioprocess was developed to produce BC in high amounts with the rather unexplored bacterial strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, using waste streams such as wine distillery effluents (WDE) and biodiesel-derived glycerol. Also, BC was evaluated as a bio-adsorbent for phenolics, dyes and metals removal to enlarge its market diversification. RESULTS BC production was significantly affected by the WDE mixing ratio (0-100%), glycerol concentration (20-45 g/L), type of glycerol and media-sterilization method. A maximum BC concentration of 9.0 g/L, with a productivity of 0.90 g/L/day and a water holding capacity of 60.1 g water/g dry BC, was achieved at 100% WDE and ≈30 g/L crude glycerol. BC samples showed typical cellulose vibration bands and average fiber diameters between 37.2 and 89.6 nm. The BC capacity to dephenolize WDE and adsorb phenolics during fermentation reached respectively, up to 50.7% and 26.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry BC (in-situ process). The produced BC was also investigated for dye and metal removal. The highest removal of dye acid yellow 17 (54.3%) was recorded when 5% of BC was applied as the bio-adsorbent. Experiments performed in a multi-metal synthetic wastewater showed that BC could remove up to 96% of Zn and 97% of Cd. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated a low-carbon approach to produce low-cost, green and biodegradable BC-based bio-adsorbents, without any chemical modification. Their potential in wastewater-treatment-applications was highlighted, promoting closed-loop systems within the circular economy era. This study may serve as an orientation for future research towards competitive or targeted adsorption technologies for wastewater treatment or resources recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminta Tsouko
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotirios Pilafidis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kourmentza
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Green Chemicals Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giannis Sarris
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Panagiota Koralli
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Sarris
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
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Yang L, Zhu X, Chen Y, Wang J. Enhanced bacterial cellulose production in Gluconacetobacter xylinus by overexpression of two genes (bscC and bcsD) and a modified static culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129552. [PMID: 38242407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC), a nanostructured material, is renowned for its excellent properties. However, its production by bacteria is costly due to low medium utilization and conversion rates. To enhance the yield of BC, this study aimed to increase BC yield through genetic modification, specifically by overexpressing bcsC and bcsD in Gluconacetobacter xylinus, and by developing a modified culture method to reduce medium viscosity by adding water during fermentation. As a result, BC yields of 5.4, 6.2, and 6.8 g/L were achieved from strains overexpressing genes bcsC, bcsD, and bcsCD, significantly surpassing the yield of 2.2 g/L from wild-type (WT) strains. In the modified culture, the BC yields of all four strains increased by >1 g/L with the addition of 20 mL of water during fermentation. Upon comparing the properties of BC, minimal differences were observed between the WT and pbcsC strains, as well as between the static and modified cultures. In contrast, BC produced by strains overexpressing bcsD had a denser microstructural network and exhibited demonstrated higher tensile strength and elongation-to-break. Compared to WT, BC from bcsD overexpressed strains also displayed enhanced crystallinity, higher degree of polymerization and improved thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Sonaglia E, Schifano E, Sharbaf M, Uccelletti D, Felici AC, Santarelli ML. Bacterial Nanocellulose Hydrogel for the Green Cleaning of Copper Stains from Marble. Gels 2024; 10:150. [PMID: 38391480 PMCID: PMC10887925 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural heritage stone materials frequently experience significant discoloration induced by copper corrosion products, especially calcareous stones associated with bronze or copper statues and architectural elements. This alteration originates from the corrosion of unprotected copper, resulting in the formation of various Cu minerals and the migration of soluble ions to adjacent stone materials. Traditional cleaning methods involve mechanical, chemical, and laser techniques, which are generally time-consuming, costly, not ecological, or can possibly damage original materials. The loading of highly effective chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), into hydrogels has recently been exploited. However, the preference for synthetic hydrogels has been prominent until now, although they lack renewability and biodegradability and require high costs. This study explores for the first time the potential to clean copper corrosion with bacterial nanocellulose (BC) loaded with EDTA as a biologically based, sustainable, and biodegradable hydrogel. The BC hydrogel was characterised by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC), and tensile testing. It revealed a nano-fibrous structure with high crystallinity and purity and mechanical properties suitable for cultural heritage applications. The EDTA-loaded hydrogel effectively removed copper stains from marble after 120 min of application. Micro-Raman and colorimetric analyses assessed the cleaning efficacy. The study introduces bacterial nanocellulose as a green and effective alternative for heritage conservation, aligning with sustainable methodologies in stone conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sonaglia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Schifano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mohammad Sharbaf
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Candida Felici
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Santarelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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10
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Rzhepakovsky I, Piskov S, Avanesyan S, Sizonenko M, Timchenko L, Anfinogenova O, Nagdalian A, Blinov A, Denisova E, Kochergin S, Kubanov S, Shakhbanov M, Shariati MA, Mubarak MS. Composite of bacterial cellulose and gelatin: A versatile biocompatible scaffold for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128369. [PMID: 38000592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 0.4 ± 0.03 g/L per day of pure and porous bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds (scaffBC) and BC scaffolds modified with gelatin (scaffBC/Gel) was carried out using the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-28 bacterial strain. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the scaffolds largely consist of crystalline cellulose I (Iα, Iß). Heating of BC with gelatin to 60 °C with subsequent lyophilization led to its modification by adsorption and binding of low-molecular fractions of gelatin and the formation of small pores between the fibers, which increased the biocompatibility and solubility of BC. The solubility of scaffBC and scaffBC/Gel was 20.8 % and 44.4 %, respectively, which enhances degradation in vivo. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microcomputed tomography showed a uniform distribution of pores with a diameter of 100-500 μm. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and subcutaneous implantation in rats confirmed low immunogenicity and intense formation of collagen fibers in both scaffolds and active germination of new blood vessels in scaffBC and scaffBC/Gel. The proliferative cellular activity of fibroblasts confirmed the safety of scaffolds. Taken together, the results obtained show that scaffBC/Gel can be used for the engineering of hard and soft tissues, which opens opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rzhepakovsky
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Sergey Piskov
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Avanesyan
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Marina Sizonenko
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Timchenko
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Oxana Anfinogenova
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Andrey Nagdalian
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Andrey Blinov
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya Denisova
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Stanislav Kochergin
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Sergey Kubanov
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Magomed Shakhbanov
- Faculty of Medicine and Biology, North-Caucasus Federal University, Pushkina Street 1, 355000 Stavropol, Russia.
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Semey Branch of the Institute, 238 "G" Gagarin Ave., Almaty 050060, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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11
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Kashcheyeva EI, Korchagina AA, Gismatulina YA, Gladysheva EK, Budaeva VV, Sakovich GV. Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose from Lignocellulose of Energy Crop. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 38201707 PMCID: PMC10780700 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on exploring the feasibility of simultaneously producing the two products, cellulose nitrates (CNs) and bacterial cellulose (BC), from Miscanthus × giganteus. The starting cellulose for them was isolated by successive treatments of the feedstock with HNO3 and NaOH solutions. The cellulose was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis for 2, 8, and 24 h. The cellulose samples after the hydrolysis were distinct in structure from the starting sample (degree of polymerization (DP) 1770, degree of crystallinity (DC) 64%) and between each other (DP 1510-1760, DC 72-75%). The nitration showed that these samples and the starting cellulose could successfully be nitrated to furnish acetone-soluble CNs. Extending the hydrolysis time from 2 h to 24 h led to an enhanced yield of CNs from 116 to 131%, with the nitrogen content and the viscosity of the CN samples increasing from 11.35 to 11.83% and from 94 to 119 mPa·s, respectively. The SEM analysis demonstrated that CNs retained the fiber shape. The IR spectroscopy confirmed that the synthesized material was specifically CNs, as evidenced by the characteristic frequencies of 1657-1659, 1277, 832-833, 747, and 688-690 cm-1. Nutrient media derived from the hydrolyzates obtained in 8 h and 24 h were of good quality for the synthesis of BC, with yields of 11.1% and 9.6%, respectively. The BC samples had a reticulate structure made of interlaced microfibrils with 65 and 81 nm widths and DPs of 2100 and 2300, respectively. It is for the first time that such an approach for the simultaneous production of CNs and BC has been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Kashcheyeva
- Bioconversion Laboratory, Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS), 659322 Biysk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
| | | | | | - Evgenia K. Gladysheva
- Bioconversion Laboratory, Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS), 659322 Biysk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (Y.A.G.); (V.V.B.)
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12
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Folmann Lima N, Maciel GM, de Andrade Arruda Fernandes I, Windson Isidoro Haminiuk C. Optimising the Production Process of Bacterial Nanocellulose: Impact on Growth and Bioactive Compounds. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:494-504. [PMID: 38205046 PMCID: PMC10775784 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.04.23.8182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research background Research into bacterial cellulose production has been growing rapidly in recent years, as it has a potential use in various applications, such as in the medical and food industries. Previous studies have focused on optimising the production process through various methods, such as using different carbon sources and manipulating environmental conditions. However, further research is still needed to optimise the production process and understand the underlying mechanisms of bacterial cellulose synthesis. Experimental approach We used Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs to analyse the effect of different factors on bacterial cellulose production. The fermentation kinetics of the optimised medium was analysed, and the produced cellulose was characterised. This approach was used because it allows the identification of significant factors influencing bacterial cellulose growth, the optimisation of the culture medium and the characterisation of the produced cellulose. Results and conclusions The results showed that higher sucrose concentrations, higher kombucha volume fractions and a smaller size of the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast were the most important factors for the improvement of bacterial cellulose production, while the other factors had no relevant influence. The optimised medium showed an increase in the concentrations of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids as well as significant antioxidant activity. The produced pure bacterial cellulose had a high water absorption capacity as well as high crystallinity and thermal stability. Novelty and scientific contribution The study makes an important scientific contribution by optimising the culture medium to produce bacterial cellulose more productively and efficiently. The optimised medium can be used for the production of a kombucha-like beverage with a high content of bioactive compounds and for the production of bacterial cellulose with high crystallinity and thermal stability. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of bacterial cellulose as a highly water-absorbent material with applications in areas such as packaging and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Folmann Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, 5000 Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado Street, 81280-340, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, 5000 Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado Street, 81280-340, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos Avenue, 81530-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, 5000 Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado Street, 81280-340, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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Sahari NS, Shahir S, Ibrahim Z, Hasmoni SH, Altowayti WAH. Bacterial nanocellulose and its application in heavy metals and dyes removal: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110069-110078. [PMID: 37814051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the application of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and modified BNC in treating wastewater containing heavy metals and dye contaminants. It also highlights the challenges and future perspectives of BNC and its composites. Untreated industrial effluents containing toxic heavy metals are systematically discharged into public waters. In particular, lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) are very harmful to human health and, in some cases, may lead to death. Several methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, coagulation, and Fenton oxidation are used to remove these heavy metals from the environment. However, these methods involve the use of numerous chemicals whilst producing high amount of toxic sludge. Meanwhile, the development of the adsorption-based technique has provided an alternative way of treating wastewater using BNC. Bacterial nanocellulose requires less energy for purification and has higher purity than plant cellulose. In general, the optimum growth parameters are crucial in BNC production. Even though native BNC can be used for the removal of heavy metals and dyes, the incorporation of other materials, such as polyethyleneimine, graphene oxide, calcium carbonate and polydopamine can improve sorption efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Syuhada Sahari
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Halimah Hasmoni
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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14
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Tsouko E, Pilafidis S, Dimopoulou M, Kourmentza K, Sarris D. Bioconversion of underutilized brewing by-products into bacterial cellulose by a newly isolated Komagataeibacter rhaeticus strain: A preliminary evaluation of the bioprocess environmental impact. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129667. [PMID: 37572886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel Komagataeibacter rhaeticus UNIWA AAK2 strain was used to produce bacterial cellulose (BC), valorizing brewers' spent grain (BSG) and brewer's spent yeast (BSY). Under optimal conditions (controlled pH = 6 and 30 g/L sugars), a maximum BC of 4.0 g/L was achieved when BSG aqueous extract (BSGE) was used. The substitution of yeast extract and peptone with BSY autolyzates did not show significant differences on BC concentration and productivity. The FTIR, SEM, and TGA analyses showed that the use of brewing by-products had no effect on the structure and thermal stability of the produced BC, compared to highly-pure and commercial substrates. The LCA of the developed bioprocess revealed that BSGE- and BSY-based media can reduce the carbon footprint of 1 kg dry BC by 76% compared to commercial-based-media. Beer by-products could serve as cost-effective resources to produce value-added and sustainable biopolymers such as BC, while minimizing waste and restructuring the brewing-industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminta Tsouko
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotirios Pilafidis
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, School of Food Science, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos str, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Kourmentza
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom; Green Chemicals Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Dimitris Sarris
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece.
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15
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Revin VV, Liyaskina EV, Parchaykina MV, Kurgaeva IV, Efremova KV, Novokuptsev NV. Production of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Xanthan and Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14608. [PMID: 37834056 PMCID: PMC10572569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, degradable biopolymers have become increasingly important as potential environmentally friendly biomaterials, providing a wide range of applications in various fields. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biomacromolecules, which due to their unique properties have found applications in biomedicine, foodstuff, textiles, cosmetics, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation. One of the important commercial polysaccharides produced on an industrial scale is xanthan. In recent years, the range of its application has expanded significantly. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is another unique EPS with a rapidly increasing range of applications. Due to the great prospects for their practical application, the development of their highly efficient production remains an important task. The present review summarizes the strategies for the cost-effective production of such important biomacromolecules as xanthan and BC and demonstrates for the first time common approaches to their efficient production and to obtaining new functional materials for a wide range of applications, including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, environmental remediation, nanoelectronics, and 3D bioprinting. In the end, we discuss present limitations of xanthan and BC production and the line of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia; (E.V.L.); (M.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (K.V.E.); (N.V.N.)
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16
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Ganguly A, Nag S, Gayen K. Synthesis of cellulosic and nano-cellulosic aerogel from lignocellulosic materials for diverse sustainable applications: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 54:419-434. [PMID: 37603307 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic aerogels are sustainable, biodegradable, and ultra-light porous materials with three-dimensional networks having high specific surface area. Depending on the source of precursor materials, they are categorized into plant-based aerogel, bacterial cellulosic aerogel. Different types of aerogels are also produced from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), cellulose microfibril (CMF) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF). Furthermore, inorganic and organic substances are embedded to produce hybrid aerogel or composite aerogel for the enhancement of its performance in various fields. Mixing, gelation, solvent exchange, and drying (e.g., super critical carbon dioxide or freeze drying) are the basic steps involved in cellulosic aerogel synthesis. Based on the composition of precursors during aerogel synthesis, cellulosic aerogels have broad applications in various fields such as adsorbents, electrodes, sensors, captive deionization materials, catalysts, drug delivery, thermal and sound insulating materials. This review provided consolidated information on: (i) classification of cellulosic aerogels based on the sources of raw materials, (ii) processes involved to produce the cellulosic aerogel, (iii) cellulosic aerogel synthesized from MCC, NCC, CMF and CNF, (iv) nano particle doped cellulosic aerogel, and (v) its application in various field with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India
| | - Soma Nag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India
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17
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Lourenço AF, Martins D, Dourado F, Sarmento P, Ferreira PJT, Gamelas JAF. Impact of bacterial cellulose on the physical properties and printing quality of fine papers. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120915. [PMID: 37173044 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), due to its inherent nanometric scale and strength properties, can be considered as a good candidate to be used in papermaking. This work explored the possibility of using it in the production of fine paper as a wet-end component and for the paper coating. Filler-containing handsheet production was performed with and without the presence of common additives typically used in the furnish of office papers. It was found that, under optimized conditions, BNC mechanically treated by high-pressure homogenization could improve all the evaluated paper properties (mechanical, optical and structural) without impairing the filler retention. However, paper strength was improved only to a small extent (increase in the tensile index of 8 % for a filler content of ca. 27.5 %). On the other hand, when used at the paper surface, remarkable improvements in the gamut area of >25 % in comparison to the base paper and of >40 % in comparison to starch-only coated papers were achieved for a formulation having 50 % BNC and 50 % of carboxymethylcellulose. Overall, the present results highlight the possibility of using BNC as a paper component, particularly when applied at the paper substrate as a coating agent aiming at improving printing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Lourenço
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, PT - 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; RAIZ, Instituto de Investigação da Floresta e Papel, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, PT - 3801-501 Eixo, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Martins
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, PT - 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, PT - 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Dourado
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, PT - 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, PT - 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Sarmento
- The Navigator Company, Lavos - Apartado 5, PT - 3081-851 Figueira da Foz, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J T Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, PT - 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José A F Gamelas
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, PT - 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Brugnoli M, La China S, Lasagni F, Romeo FV, Pulvirenti A, Gullo M. Acetic acid bacteria in agro-wastes: from cheese whey and olive mill wastewater to cellulose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3729-3744. [PMID: 37115254 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cheese whey and olive mill wastewater were investigated as potential feedstocks for producing bacterial cellulose by using acetic acid bacteria strains. Organic acids and phenolic compounds composition were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate modifications in bacterial cellulose chemical and morphological structure. Cheese whey was the most efficient feedstock in terms of bacterial cellulose yield (0.300 g of bacterial cellulose/gram of carbon source consumed). Bacterial cellulose produced in olive mill wastewater presented a more well-defined network compared to pellicles produced in cheese whey, resulting in a smaller fiber diameter in most cases. The analysis of bacterial cellulose chemical structure highlighted the presence of different chemical bonds likely to be caused by the adsorption of olive mill wastewater and cheese whey components. The crystallinity ranged from 45.72 to 80.82%. The acetic acid bacteria strains used in this study were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, allowing to assign them to Komagataeibacter xylinus and Komagataeibacter rhaeticus species. This study proves the suitability to perform sustainable bioprocesses for producing bacterial cellulose, combining the valorisation of agro-wastes with microbial conversions carried out by acetic acid bacteria. The high versatility in terms of yield, morphology, and fiber diameters obtained in cheese whey and olive mill wastewater contribute to set up fundamental criteria for developing customized bioprocesses depending on the final use of the bacterial cellulose. KEY POINTS: • Cheese whey and olive mill wastewater can be used for bacterial cellulose production. • Bacterial cellulose structure is dependent on the culture medium. • Komagataeibacter strains support the agro-waste conversion in bacterial cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Brugnoli
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore La China
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Lasagni
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Flora Valeria Romeo
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops (CREA), Acireale, 95024, Italy
| | - Andrea Pulvirenti
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Gullo
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy.
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19
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Guimarães DT, de Oliveira Barros M, de Araújo E Silva R, Silva SMF, de Almeida JS, de Freitas Rosa M, Gonçalves LRB, Brígida AIS. Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose film produced from industrial residue of cashew apple juice processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124405. [PMID: 37100327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The industrial residue of cashew apple juice processing (MRC) was evaluated as an alternative medium for bacterial cellulose (BC) production by Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 53582 and Komagataeibacter xylinus ARS B42. The synthetic Hestrin-Schramm medium (MHS) was used as a control for growing and BC production. First, BC production was assessed after 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days under static culture. After 12 days of cultivation, K. xylinus ATCC 53582 produced the highest BC titer in MHS (3.1 g·L-1) and MRC (3 g·L-1), while significant productivity was attained at 6 days of fermentation. To understand the effect of culture medium and fermentation time on the properties of the obtained films, BC produced at 4, 6, or 8 days were submitted to infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, thermogravimetry, mechanical tests, water absorption capacity, scanning electron microscopy, degree of polymerization and X-ray diffraction. The properties of BC synthesized in MRC were identical to those of BC from MHS, according to structural, physical, and thermal studies. MRC, on the other hand, allows the production of BC with a high water absorption capacity when compared to MHS. Despite the lower titer (0.88 g·L-1) achieved in MRC, the BC from K. xylinus ARS B42 presented a high thermal resistance and a remarkable absorption capacity (14664 %), suggesting that it might be used as a superabsorbent biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlyson Tavares Guimarães
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Oliveira Barros
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Renata de Araújo E Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Bairro Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Sarah Maria Frota Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Jessica Silva de Almeida
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2.270, Bairro Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, bloco 709, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Ana Iraidy Santa Brígida
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2.270, Bairro Planalto do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60511-110, Brazil.
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20
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Kieliszek M. Reprocessing of side-streams towards obtaining valuable bacterial metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2169-2208. [PMID: 36929188 PMCID: PMC10033485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Every year, all over the world, the industry generates huge amounts of residues. Side-streams are most often used as feed, landfilled, incinerated, or discharged into sewage. These disposal methods are far from perfect. Taking into account the composition of the side-streams, it seems that they should be used as raw materials for further processing, in accordance with the zero-waste policy and sustainable development. The article describes the latest achievements in biotechnology in the context of bacterial reprocessing of residues with the simultaneous acquisition of their metabolites. The article focuses on four metabolites - bacterial cellulose, propionic acid, vitamin B12 and PHAs. Taking into account global trends (e.g. food, packaging, medicine), it seems that in the near future there will be a sharp increase in demand for this type of compounds. In order for their production to be profitable and commercialised, cheap methods of its obtaining must be developed. The article, in addition to obtaining these bacterial metabolites from side-streams, also discusses e.g. factors affecting their production, metabolic pathways and potential and current applications. The presented chapters provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on above metabolites, which can be helpful for the academic and scientific communities and the several industries. KEY POINTS: • The industry generates millions of tons of organic side-streams each year. • Generated residues burden the natural environment. • A good and cost-effective method of side-streams management seems to be biotechnology - reprocessing with the use of bacteria. • Biotechnological disposal of side-streams gives the opportunity to obtain valuable compounds in cheaper ways: BC, PA, vitmain B12, PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Chaudhary V, Thakur N, Chaudhary S, Bangar SP. Remediation plan of nano/microplastic toxicity in food. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 103:397-442. [PMID: 36863840 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is causing a stir globally due to its persistent and ubiquitous nature. The scientific collaboration is diligently working on improved, effective, sustainable, and cleaner measures to control the nano/microplastic load in the environment especially wrecking the aquatic habitat. This chapter discusses the challenges encountered in nano/microplastic control and improved technologies like density separation, continuous flow centrifugation, oil extraction protocol, electrostatic separation to extract and quantify the same. Although it is still in the early stages of research, biobased control measures, like meal worms and microbes to degrade microplastics in the environment have been proven effective. Besides the control measures, practical alternatives to microplastics can be developed like core-shell powder, mineral powder, and biobased food packaging systems like edible films and coatings developed using various nanotechnological tools. Lastly, the existing and ideal stage of global regulations is compared, and key research areas are pinpointed. This holistic coverage would enable manufacturers and consumers to reconsider their production and purchase decisions for sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chaudhary
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Thakur
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
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22
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Bacterial cellulose production by a strain of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus isolated from residual loquat. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1551-1562. [PMID: 36723702 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, loquat extract was selected as a promising substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. A new BC-producing bacterial strain was isolated from residual loquat and identified as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. BC production with different carbon sources and with loquat extract was investigated. Among all tested carbon sources, glucose was demonstrated to be the best substrate for BC production by K. rhaeticus, with up to 7.89 g/L dry BC obtained under the optimal initial pH (5.5) and temperature (28 °C) with 10 days of fermentation. The total sugar and individual sugars were investigated in different loquat extracts, in which fructose, glucose, and sucrose were the three main sugars. When loquat extract was prepared with a solid‒liquid (S-L) ratio of 2:1, the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were 7.91 g/L, 9.31 g/L, and 2.84 g/L, respectively. The BC production obtained from loquat extract was higher than that of other carbon sources except glucose, and 6.69 g/L dry BC was obtained from loquat extract with an S-L ratio of 2:1. After BC production, all sugars substantially decreased, with the utilization of glucose, fructose, and sucrose reaching 93.9%, 87.9%, and 100%, respectively. These results suggested that the different sugars in loquat extract were all carbon sources participating in BC production by K. rhaeticus. Structural and physicochemical properties were investigated by SEM, TGA, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the structural, chemical group, and water holding capacity of BC obtained from loquat extract were similar to those of BC obtained from glucose, but the crystallinity and thermal stability of BC were higher than those of BC from mannose and lactose but lower than those of BC from glucose and fructose. KEY POINTS: • A new BC-producing strain was isolated and identified as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. • Loquat extract is an alternative substrate for BC production. • The BC obtained from loquat extract owns advanced physicochemical properties.
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23
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Nguyen HM, Ngoc Le TT, Nguyen AT, Thien Le HN, Pham TT. Biomedical materials for wound dressing: recent advances and applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5509-5528. [PMID: 36793301 PMCID: PMC9924226 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07673j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is vital to maintain the physiological functions of the skin. The most common treatment is the use of a dressing to cover the wound and reduce infection risk and the rate of secondary injuries. Modern wound dressings have been the top priority choice for healing various types of wounds owing to their outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, they also maintain temperature and a moist environment, aid in pain relief, and improve hypoxic environments to stimulate wound healing. Due to the different types of wounds, as well as the variety of advanced wound dressing products, this review will provide information on the clinical characteristics of the wound, the properties of common modern dressings, and the in vitro, in vivo as well as the clinical trials on their effectiveness. The most popular types commonly used in producing modern dressings are hydrogels, hydrocolloids, alginates, foams, and films. In addition, the review also presents the polymer materials for dressing applications as well as the trend of developing these current modern dressings to maximize their function and create ideal dressings. The last is the discussion about dressing selection in wound treatment and an estimate of the current development tendency of new materials for wound healing dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Minh Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tam Thi Ngoc Le
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - An Thanh Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Han Nguyen Thien Le
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thi Tan Pham
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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24
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Öz YE, Kalender M. A novel static cultivation of bacterial cellulose production from sugar beet molasses: Series static culture (SSC) system. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1306-1314. [PMID: 36435464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In bacterial cellulose (BC) production, we developed a new static cultivation system named series static culture (SSC) to eliminate air limitation problem encountered in conventional static culture (CSC). In SSC system, the fermentation broth at the bottom of BC pellicle produced in initial culture medium is transferred to the next empty sterile culture medium at the end of a certain fermentation period. This procedure was performed until BC production ceased. Fermentation experiments were carried out using Gluconacetobacter xylinus NRRL B-759 and sugar beet molasses at 30 °C and initial pH 5. Also, some quality parameters of produced BC pellicles were determined. Final pH at the stages of SSC system was higher that of the initial pH due to sugar content (sucrose) of molasses and microorganism used. Total BC production increased with increasing sugar concentration in SSC. As a result, an increase of 22.02 % in BC production was achieved using developed SSC. FT-IR spectra of all BC pellicles produced were typical spectra. The absorption bands at the relevant wavenumbers identify the mode of vibrations of the created chemical bonds arising at the BC surface such as OH, CH, H-O-H, C-O-C, and C-OH. XRD analyses showed that the crystallinity index values of BC obtained from CCS and SSC were high. The form of produced all BC pellicles is generally Cellulose I. Removal of surface moisture and depolymerisation of carbon skeleton were determined from TGA-DTA thermograms. SEM images showed that the BC samples produced had nano-sized cellulose fibrils which were aggregated in fermentation media containing molasses. Finally, the BC samples, especially in molasses media, having high mechanical strength and WHC were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Emre Öz
- Department of Bioengineering, Fırat University, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kalender
- Department of Bioengineering, Fırat University, 23100 Elazığ, Turkey.
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25
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Hamed DA, Maghrawy HH, Abdel Kareem H. Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils in black tea media by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast isolated from commercial kombucha beverage. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:48. [PMID: 36538179 PMCID: PMC9768004 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose has drawn the attention for its unique properties and applications including; medicine, pharmacy, food, agricultural, textile and electronics. The present study focused on the production of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNF) from black tea as cost effective alternative medium in addition to study the effect of gamma radiation on BCNF properties. A symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) were isolated from commercial Kombucha beverage and were identified as Acinetobacter lowffii and Candida krusei, respectively. The symbiotic culture was used for production of BCNF on Hestrin-Schramm (HS), black tea (BT) and modified BT media. BCNF was purified (0.5 N NaOH) and quantified by dry weight, yield and productivity determination. Characterization and effect of gamma radiation (5-25 kGy) on BCNF were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The highest BCNF production was achieved using BT medium with 0.2% tea and 6.0% commercial sugar (with dry weight 4.77-4.61 g/l and productivity 68.14% and 65.85%, respectively). Supplementation of BT medium with 1% ethanol, 0.27% Na2HPO4 and 0.5% yeast extract individually, enhanced the BCNF production (7.85, 6.84 and 5.73 g/l), respectively. FTIR spectrum of BCNF from sugared water (SW), HS and BT showed similar structure with high purity. As a conclusion, gamma irradiation has no effect on the BCNF structure while showed different effects on its crystallinity index and size with the different doses. The changes in CrI were ranged between (17 and 23.5%), while the crystallinity size (Cs) was affected by gamma irradiation in a positive relationship where the crystalline size was decreased (33%) by exposure to 5 kGy then increased by increasing the dose of radiation reaching 25.7% at 25 kGy. SEM graphs showed the morphology of microbial culture and its symbiotic relationship in addition to the ultrafine structure of non-irradiated and irradiated BCNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A. Hamed
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Maghrawy
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Abdel Kareem
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Radiation Microbiology Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Taokaew S, Nakson N, Thienchaimongkol J, Kobayashi T. Enhanced production of fibrous bacterial cellulose in Gluconacetobacter xylinus culture medium containing modified protein of okara waste. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:71-78. [PMID: 36437213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Gluconacetobacter xylinus cultivation for bacterial nanocellulose production, agro-industrial wastes, soybean residual okara, okara extracted protein, and modified okara protein, were used as a protein source. In comparison with homogenized raw okara and protein extracted from raw okara, acetic-acid modified protein provided the higher cellulose yield (2.8 g/l at 3 %w/v protein concentration) due to the improved protein solubility in the culture medium (89 %) and smaller particle size (0.2 μm) leading to facile uptake by the bacteria. Importantly, pH of the culture medium containing the modified protein measured before and after the cultivation was similar, suggesting the buffering capacity of the protein. Nanocellulose fibers were then produced densely in the network of hydrogels with high crystallinity nearly 90 %. Based on the results, economic constraints around nanocellulose production could be alleviated by valorization of okara waste, which provided enhanced sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Taokaew
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Nawachon Nakson
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Jirath Thienchaimongkol
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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27
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Economical Optimization of Industrial Medium Culture for Bacterial Cellulose Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2863-2881. [PMID: 36435897 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The competitiveness of bacterial cellulose (BC) production with plant cellulose can be achieved by production on cost-effective media. It was found that the bacterial cell number ratio of BC to culture medium increases over time so that from the fourth day, the entrapped cell number in the cellulose network exceeds the suspended cells. Optimization based on 23-full factorial showed that inoculum development at 50 rpm and the main culture process under static conditions significantly increases BC production. A cost-effective culture medium containing molasses (ML) and corn steep liquor (CSL) was developed based on the same C/N ratio to HS medium, with 7.24 g/l cellulose at C/N ratio 12.6 is competitive with maximum production 8.7 g/L in HS medium. The BC production cost was reduced about 94% using the proposed cheap and locally available medium containing ML and CSL, while BC mechanical properties increased by about 50%.
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28
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Building a Cell House from Cellulose: The Case of the Soil Acidobacterium Acidisarcina polymorpha SBC82T. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112253. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidisarcina polymorpha SBC82T is a recently described representative of the phylum Acidobacteriota from lichen-covered tundra soil. Cells of this bacterium occur within unusual saccular chambers, with the chamber envelope formed by tightly packed fibrils. These extracellular structures were most pronounced in old cultures of strain SBC82T and were organized in cluster-like aggregates. The latter were efficiently destroyed by incubating cell suspensions with cellulase, thus suggesting that they were composed of cellulose. The diffraction pattern obtained for 45-day-old cultures of strain SBC82T by using small angle X-ray scattering was similar to those reported earlier for mature wood samples. The genome analysis revealed the presence of a cellulose biosynthesis locus bcs. Cellulose synthase key subunits A and B were encoded by the bcsAB gene whose close homologs are found in genomes of many members of the order Acidobacteriales. More distant homologs of the acidobacterial bcsAB occurred in representatives of the Proteobacteria. A unique feature of bcs locus in strain SBC82T was the non-orthologous displacement of the bcsZ gene, which encodes the GH8 family glycosidase with a GH5 family gene. Presumably, these cellulose-made extracellular structures produced by A. polymorpha have a protective function and ensure the survival of this acidobacterium in habitats with harsh environmental conditions.
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29
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Zhou J, Sun J, Ullah M, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cao G, Chen L, Ullah MW, Sun S. Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolysate increased bacterial cellulose production. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Fabrication of biodegradable chicken feathers into ecofriendly-functionalized biomaterials: characterization and bio-assessment study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18340. [PMID: 36316373 PMCID: PMC9622847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate novel applications for chicken feather waste hydrolysate through a green, sustainable process. Accordingly, an enzymatically degraded chicken feather (EDCFs) product was used as a dual carbon and nitrogen source in the production medium of bacterial cellulose (BC). The yield maximization was attained through applying experimental designs where the optimal level of each significant variable was recorded and the yield rose 2 times. The produced BC was successfully characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. On the other hand, sludge from EDCFs was used as a paper coating agent. The mechanical features of the coated papers were evaluated by bulk densities, maximum load, breaking length, tensile index, Young's modulus, work to break and coating layer. The results showed a decrease in tensile index and an increase in elongation at break. These indicate more flexibility of the coated paper. The coated paper exhibits higher resistance to water vapor permeability and remarkable oil resistance compared to the uncoated one. Furthermore, the effectiveness of sludge residue in removing heavy metals was evaluated, and the sorption capacities were ordered as Cu ++ > Fe ++ > Cr ++ > Co ++ with high affinity (3.29 mg/g) toward Cu ++ and low (0.42 mg/g) towards Co ++ in the tested metal solution.
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31
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Synergistic Wound Healing by Novel Ag@ZIF-8 Nanostructures. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Faria M, Cunha C, Gomes M, Mendonça I, Kaufmann M, Ferreira A, Cordeiro N. Bacterial cellulose biopolymers: The sustainable solution to water-polluting microplastics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118952. [PMID: 35964508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of our time's most consequential issue. These micropolymeric particles are ubiquitously distributed across all natural and urban ecosystems. Current filtration systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on non-biodegradable fossil-based polymeric filters whose maintenance procedures are environmentally damaging and unsustainable. Following the need to develop sustainable filtration frameworks for MPs water removal, years of R&D lead to the conception of bacterial cellulose (BC) biopolymers. These bacterial-based naturally secreted polymers display unique features for biotechnological applications, such as straightforward production, large surface areas, nanoporous structures, biodegradability, and utilitarian circularity. Diligently, techniques such as flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the feasibility and characterise the removal dynamics of highly concentrated MPs-polluted water by BC biopolymers. Results show that BC biopolymers display removal efficiencies of MPs of up to 99%, maintaining high performance for several continuous cycles. The polymer's characterisation showed that MPs were both adsorbed and incorporated in the 3D nanofibrillar network. The use of more economically- and logistics-favourable dried BC biopolymers preserves their physicochemical properties while maintaining high efficiency (93-96%). These polymers exhibited exceptional structural preservation, conserving a high water uptake capacity which drives microparticle retention. In sum, this study provides clear evidence that BC biopolymers are high performing, multifaceted and genuinely sustainable/circular alternatives to synthetic water treatment MPs-removal technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Faria
- LB3-Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - César Cunha
- LB3-Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Portugal
| | - Madalena Gomes
- LB3-Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Portugal
| | - Ivana Mendonça
- LB3-Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Portugal
| | - Manfred Kaufmann
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; Marine Biology Station of Funchal, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Águeda School of Technology and Management, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3-Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.
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33
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Navya PV, Gayathri V, Samanta D, Sampath S. Bacterial cellulose: A promising biopolymer with interesting properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:435-461. [PMID: 35963354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demands for materials with desirable properties led to the development of materials that impose unfavorable influences on the environment and the ecosystem. Developing a low-cost, durable, and eco-friendly functional material with biological origins has become necessary to avoid these consequences. Bacterial cellulose generated by bacteria dispenses excellent structural and functional properties and satisfies these requirements. BC and BC-derived materials are essential in developing pure and environmentally safe functional materials. This review offers a detailed understanding of the biosynthesis of BC, properties, various functionalization methods, and applicability in biomedical, water treatment, food storage, energy conversion, and energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Navya
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610101, India.
| | - Varnakumar Gayathri
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610101, India.
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Fraser SA, van Zyl WE. In situ polymerization and electrical conductivity of polypyrrole/cellulose nanocomposites using Schweizer's reagent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22031-22043. [PMID: 36043106 PMCID: PMC9361926 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-based composites have attracted interest given the shift towards 'green' materials, but achieving uniform dispersions of cellulose in polymer matrices and/or enhancement of interfacial interactions between components remains challenging. Herein we report the preparation of polypyrrole/cellulose nanocomposites in [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](OH)2 (Schweizer's reagent/cuoxam)-based reaction media via in situ polymerization. The effect of cellulose template morphology and reaction media on the microstructure, electrical conductivity, and surface wettability was studied. Aqueous reaction media favored the formation of a uniform polypyrrole coating encapsulating the cellulose fibers; concentrated cuoxam solutions promoted inhomogeneity and exhibited a progressive decline in conductivity. The maximum conductivity attained was 3.08 S cm-1 from a bacterial cellulose-templated composite prepared in aqueous reaction media and afforded an approximately threefold increase in conductivity when compared with pure PPy at 1.14 S cm-1. Generally, the composites resembled wetting surfaces - with highly concentrated cuoxam solutions yielding improved hydrophilicity, while substitution of bacterial cellulose with nanocrystalline cellulose engendered a shift towards hydrophobicity. Most composites displayed a contact angle of less than 90° suggesting PPy/cellulose composites tended towards hydrophilic behavior. This study highlights investigations into the viability of cellulose solvents as a facile means to control the structure and performance of in situ functionalized cellulose nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Fraser
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Werner E van Zyl
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa
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35
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Property evaluation of bacterial cellulose nanostructures produced from confectionery wastes. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Greser AB, Avcioglu NH. Optimization and physicochemical characterization of bacterial cellulose by Komagataeibacter nataicola and Komagataeibacter maltaceti strains isolated from grape, thorn apple and apple vinegars. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:465. [PMID: 35802199 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a valuable biopolymer that is increasingly used in medical, pharmaceutical and food industries with its excellent physicochemical properties as high water-holding capacity, nanofibrillar structure, large surface area, porosity, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. Accordingly, the isolation, identification and characterization of potent BC producers from grape, thorn apple and apple vinegars were performed in this study. The strains isolated from grape and apple vinegars were identified as Komagataeibacter maltaceti and the strain isolated from thorn apple vinegar was identified as Komagataeibacter nataicola with 16S rRNA analysis. Optimized conditions were found as 8% dextrin, 1.5% (peptone + yeast extract) and 10% inoculation amount at pH 6.0 with a productivity rate of 1.15 g/d/L, a yield of 8.06% and a dry weight of 6.45 g/L for K. maltaceti, and 10% maltose, 1% (peptone + yeast extract) and 10% inoculation amount at pH 6.0 with a productivity rate of 0.96 g/L/d, a yield of 5.35% and a dry weight of 5.35 g/L for K. nataicola. Obtained BC from K. maltaceti and K. nataicola strains was more than 2.56- and 1.86-fold when compared with BC obtained from HS media and exhibited 95.1% and 92.5% WHC, respectively. Based on the characterization results, BC pellicles show characteristic FT-IR bands and have ultrafine 3D structures with high thermal stability. By means of having ability to assimilate monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharide used in this study, it is predicted that both isolated Komagataeibacter species can be used in the production of biopolymers from wastes containing complex carbon sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Beril Greser
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-027, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nermin Hande Avcioglu
- Department, Biotechnology Section Faculty of Science, Biology, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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37
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Rai R, Dhar P. Biomedical engineering aspects of nanocellulose: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:362001. [PMID: 35576914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable biopolymer in nature and is present as major constituent in both plant cell walls as well as synthesized by some microorganisms as extracellular products. In both the systems, cellulose self-assembles into a hierarchical ordered architecture to form micro to nano-fibrillated structures, on basis of which it is classified into various forms. Nanocellulose (NCs) exist as rod-shaped highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibers, micro-fibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC), depending upon the origin, structural and morphological properties. Moreover, NCs have been processed into diversified products ranging from composite films, coatings, hydrogels, aerogels, xerogels, organogels, rheological modifiers, optically active birefringent colored films using traditional-to-advanced manufacturing techniques. With such versatility in structure-property, NCs have profound application in areas of healthcare, packaging, cosmetics, energy, food, electronics, bioremediation, and biomedicine with promising commercial potential. Herein this review, we highlight the recent advancements in synthesis, fabrication, processing of NCs, with strategic chemical modification routes to tailor its properties for targeted biomedical applications. We also study the basic mechanism and models for biosynthesis of cellulose in both plant and microbial systems and understand the structural insights of NC polymorphism. The kinetics study for both enzymatic/chemical modifications of NCs and microbial growth behavior of BC under various reactor configurations are studied. The challenges associated with the commercial aspects as well as industrial scale production of pristine and functionalized NCs to meet the growing demands of market are discussed and prospective strategies to mitigate them are described. Finally, post chemical modification evaluation of biological and inherent properties of NC are important to determine their efficacy for development of various products and technologies directed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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Betlej I, Antczak A, Szadkowski J, Drożdżek M, Krajewski K, Radomski A, Zawadzki J, Borysiak S. Evaluation of the Hydrolysis Efficiency of Bacterial Cellulose Gel Film after the Liquid Hot Water and Steam Explosion Pretreatments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102032. [PMID: 35631914 PMCID: PMC9146238 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of bacterial cellulose gel film pretreatment methods on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. An increase in the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis due to liquid hot water pretreatment or steam explosion was shown. The glucose yield of 88% was obtained from raw, non-purified, bacterial cellulose treated at 130 °C. The results confirm the potential of bacterial cellulose gel film as a source for liquid biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szadkowski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Drożdżek
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Radomski
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zawadzki
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Stoichiometric Analysis and Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens using Borassus flabellifer L. Jaggery. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3645-3667. [PMID: 35482222 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the work is to examine the potential utilization of Palmyra palm jaggery (PPJ) for the enhancement of bacterial cellulose (BC) production by Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens. To evaluate the culturing condition, the production of BC fermentation was carried out in batch mode using different carbon sources namely glucose, sucrose and PPJ. PPJ in the HS medium (PHS medium) resulted maximum concentration of BC (14.35 ± 0.18 g/L) under shaking condition than other carbon sources in HS medium. The influence of different medium variables including initial pH and nitrogen sources on BC production was investigated using PHS medium under shaking condition. The maximum BC concentration of 17.79 ± 2.4 g/L was obtained in shaking condition at an initial pH of 5.6 using yeast extract as nitrogen source. Stoichiometric equation for the cell growth and BC synthesis was developed using elemental balance approach. The metabolic heat of reaction (40 kcal generated per liter of medium) was evaluated using electron balance approach. Based on the process economic analysis and the yield of BC during the fermentation, PHS medium without nitrogen source could be a promising cost-effective nutrient than HS medium. Thermal stability, crystallinity index and structural characterizations of produced BC using PPJ medium were evaluated using TGA, XRD and FTIR and the obtained results were compared with HS medium containing glucose and sucrose.
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40
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Efthymiou MN, Tsouko E, Papagiannopoulos A, Athanasoulia IG, Georgiadou M, Pispas S, Briassoulis D, Tsironi T, Koutinas A. Development of biodegradable films using sunflower protein isolates and bacterial nanocellulose as innovative food packaging materials for fresh fruit preservation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6935. [PMID: 35484184 PMCID: PMC9050891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the valorization of side streams from the sunflower-based biodiesel industry for the production of bio-based and biodegradable food packaging following circular economy principles. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced via fermentation in 6 L static tray bioreactors using nutrient-rich supplements derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower meal (SFM) combined with crude glycerol as carbon source. Novel biofilms were produced using either matrices of protein isolates extracted from sunflower meal (SFMPI) alone or SFMPI matrices reinforced with nanocellulose biofillers of commercial or bacterial origin. Acid hydrolysis was employed for ex-situ modification of BC to nanostructures (56 nm). The biofilms reinforced with bacterial nanocellulose structures (SFMPI-BNC) showed 64.5% higher tensile strength, 75.5% higher Young’s modulus, 131.5% higher elongation at break, 32.5% lower water solubility and 14.1% lower water vapor permeability than the biofilms produced only with SFMPI. The biofilms were evaluated on fresh strawberries packaging showing that the SFMPI-BNC-based films lead to effective preservation at 10 °C considering microbial growth and physicochemical profile (weight loss, chemical characterization, color, firmness and respiration activity). The SFMPI-BNC-based films could be applied in fresh fruit packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Nefeli Efthymiou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Erminta Tsouko
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Georgia Athanasoulia
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetres Briassoulis
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Theofania Tsironi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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41
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Recent Advancements in Smart Biogenic Packaging: Reshaping the Future of the Food Packaging Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040829. [PMID: 35215741 PMCID: PMC8878437 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their complete non-biodegradability, current food packages have resulted in major environmental issues. Today’s smart consumer is looking for alternatives that are environmentally friendly, durable, recyclable, and naturally rather than synthetically derived. It is a well-established fact that complete replacement with environmentally friendly packaging materials is unattainable, and bio-based plastics should be the future of the food packaging industry. Natural biopolymers and nanotechnological interventions allow the creation of new, high-performance, light-weight, and environmentally friendly composite materials, which can replace non-biodegradable plastic packaging materials. This review summarizes the recent advancements in smart biogenic packaging, focusing on the shift from conventional to natural packaging, properties of various biogenic packaging materials, and the amalgamation of technologies, such as nanotechnology and encapsulation; to develop active and intelligent biogenic systems, such as the use of biosensors in food packaging. Lastly, challenges and opportunities in biogenic packaging are described, for their application in sustainable food packing systems.
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Calvo V, González‐Domínguez JM, Benito AM, Maser WK. Synthesis and Processing of Nanomaterials Mediated by Living Organisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calvo
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - José M. González‐Domínguez
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Wolfgang K. Maser
- Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN) Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain
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43
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Effects of pullulan additive and co-culture of Aureobasidium pullulans on bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:573-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Aditya T, Allain JP, Jaramillo C, Restrepo AM. Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:610. [PMID: 35054792 PMCID: PMC8776065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with numerous biomedical applications that range from drug delivery platforms to tissue engineering strategies. BC possesses remarkable biocompatibility, microstructure, and mechanical properties that resemble native human tissues, making it suitable for the replacement of damaged or injured tissues. In this review, we will discuss the structure and mechanical properties of the BC and summarize the techniques used to characterize these properties. We will also discuss the functionalization of BC to yield nanocomposites and the surface modification of BC by plasma and irradiation-based methods to fabricate materials with improved functionalities such as bactericidal capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aditya
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Jean Paul Allain
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Camilo Jaramillo
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.P.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Andrea Mesa Restrepo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
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Qiu K, Wegst UGK. Excellent Specific Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Anisotropic Freeze-Cast Native and Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose-Alginate Foams. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2105635. [PMID: 37476032 PMCID: PMC10358739 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Native and carbonized freeze-cast bacterial cellulose-alginate (BC-ALG) foams possess an ice-templated honeycomb-like architecture with remarkable properties. Their unique pore morphology consists of two levels of porosity: 20-50 μm diameter pores between, and 0.01-10 μm diameter pores within the cell-walls. The mechanical properties of the BC-ALG foams, a Young's modulus of up to 646.2 ± 90.4 kPa and a compressive yield strength of up to 37.1 ± 7.9 kPa, are high for their density and scale as predicted by the Gibson-Ashby model for cellular materials. Carbonizing the BC-ALG foams in an inert atmosphere at 1000-1200 °C in a second processing step, both pore morphology and mechanical properties of the BC-ALG remain well preserved with specific mechanical properties that are higher than those reported in the literature for similar foams. Also the electrical conductivity of the BC-ALG foams is high at 1.68 ± 0.04 S cm-1 at a density of only 0.055 g cm-3, and is found to increase with density as predicted, and as a function of the degree of carbonization determined by both carbonization temperature and atmosphere. The property profile makes freeze-cast BC-ALG foams and their carbonized foams attractive for energy applications and as a sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Qiu
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ulrike G K Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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46
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Biopolymers from Industrial Waste. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Filippi K, Papapostolou H, Alexandri M, Vlysidis A, Myrtsi ED, Ladakis D, Pateraki C, Haroutounian SA, Koutinas A. Integrated biorefinery development using winery waste streams for the production of bacterial cellulose, succinic acid and value-added fractions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:125989. [PMID: 34695693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integrated biorefinery has been developed using winery wastes (grape pomace-GP, stalks-GS, wine lees-WL). Bacterial cellulose was produced from GP extracted free sugars. Grape-seed oil and polyphenols were extracted from GP. Experimental design was employed to optimize lignin removal (50.8%) from mixtures of remaining GP solids and GS via NaOH (1.19% w/v) treatment at 70°C for 30 min. Delignification liquid contained condensed tannins with 76% Stiasny number. Enzymatic hydrolysis produced a sugar-rich hydrolysate (40.2 g/L sugars). Ethanol, antioxidants, tartaric acid and nutrient-rich hydrolysate were produced from WL. The crude hydrolysates were used in fed-batch Actinobacillus succinogenes cultures for 37.2 g/L succinic acid production. The biorefinery produces 42.65 g bacterial cellulose, 24.3 g oil, 40.3 g phenolic-rich extract with 1.41 Antioxidant Activity Index, 80.2 g ethanol, 624.8 g crude tannin extract, 20.03 g tartaric acid and 157.8 g succinic acid from 1 kg of each waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiana Filippi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Maria Alexandri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Eleni D Myrtsi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ladakis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Karanicola P, Patsalou M, Stergiou PY, Kavallieratou A, Evripidou N, Christou P, Panagiotou G, Damianou C, Papamichael EM, Koutinas M. Ultrasound-assisted dilute acid hydrolysis for production of essential oils, pectin and bacterial cellulose via a citrus processing waste biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126010. [PMID: 34852446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An orange peel waste biorefinery was developed employing a design of experiments approach to optimize the ultrasound-assisted dilute acid hydrolysis process applied for production of useful commodities. Central composite design-based response surface methodology was used to approximate the combined effects of process parameters in simultaneous production of essential oils, pectin and a sugar-rich hydrolyzate. Application of a desirability function determined the optimal conditions required for maximal production efficiency of essential oils, pectin and sugars as 5.75% solid loading, 1.21% acid concentration and 34.2 min duration. Maximum production yields of 0.12% w/w essential oils, 45% w/w pectin and 40% w/w sugars were achieved under optimized conditions in lab- and pilot-scale facilities. The hydrolyzate formed was applied in bacterial cellulose fermentations producing 5.82 g biopolymer per 100 g waste. Design of experiments was efficient for process analysis and optimization providing a systems platform for the study of biomass-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Karanicola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus; KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd, 35 Promachon Eleftherias, 4103, Agios Athanasios, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Patsalou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Alexandra Kavallieratou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikolas Evripidou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Christou
- KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd, 35 Promachon Eleftherias, 4103, Agios Athanasios, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - George Panagiotou
- KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd, 35 Promachon Eleftherias, 4103, Agios Athanasios, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Michalis Koutinas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
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Jacek P, Silva FASD, Dourado F, Bielecki S, Gama M. Optimization and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose produced by Komagataeibacter rhaeticus K3. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lee S, Abraham A, Lim ACS, Choi O, Seo JG, Sang BI. Characterisation of bacterial nanocellulose and nanostructured carbon produced from crude glycerol by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125918. [PMID: 34555748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), which has tunable properties, is a precursor of nanostructured energy storage materials; however, the cost of BNC production is challenging. This study uses crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry as a carbon nutrient and first-time carbonised BNC from K. sucrofermentans that is applied in energy storage. From crude glycerol in static cultivation, 6.4 g L-1 BNC was produced with a high crystallinity index (85%) and tensile properties in comparison to conventionally used pure carbon substrates. Carbon materials were derived from the BNC retained fibrous and crystalline features with disordered porous structures. The electrochemical properties of the carbon materials have a specific capacitance of 140 F g-1. This study highlights the valorisation of waste glycerol from the biodiesel industry as a substrate for efficient BNC production and the energy storage potential of carbon derived from BNC as renewable energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saehee Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Amith Abraham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alan Christian S Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Okkyoung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gil Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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