1
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Lu M, Xu J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu J, Yang L. In silico mining and identification of a novel lipase from Paenibacillus larvae: Rational protein design for improving catalytic performance. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 179:110472. [PMID: 38889604 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipases play a vital role in various biological processes, from lipid metabolism to industrial applications. However, the ever-evolving challenges and diverse substrates necessitate the continual exploration of novel high-performance lipases. In this study, we employed an in silico mining approach to search for lipases with potential high sn-1,3 selectivity and catalytic activity. The identified novel lipase, PLL, from Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae B-3650 exhibited a specific activity of 111.2 ± 5.5 U/mg towards the substrate p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) and 6.9 ± 0.8 U/mg towards the substrate olive oil when expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Computational design of cysteine mutations was employed to enhance the catalytic performance of PLL. Superior stability was achieved with the mutant K7C/A386C/H159C/K108C (2M3/2M4), showing an increase in melting temperature (Tm) by 1.9°C, a 2.05-fold prolonged half-life at 45°C, and no decrease in enzyme activity. Another mutant, K7C/A386C/A174C/A243C (2M1/2M3), showed a 4.9-fold enhancement in specific activity without compromising stability. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to explore the mechanisms of these two mutants. Mutant 2M3/2M4 forms putative disulfide bonds in the loop region, connecting the N- and C-termini of PLL, thus enhancing overall structural rigidity without impacting catalytic activity. The cysteines introduced in mutant 2M1/2M3 not only form new intramolecular hydrogen bonds but also alter the polarity and volume of the substrate-binding pocket, facilitating the entry of large substrate pNPP. These results highlight an efficient in silico exploration approach for novel lipases, offering a rapid and efficient method for enhancing catalytic performance through rational protein design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Lu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Naim M, Mohammat MF, Mohd Ariff PNA, Uzir MH. Biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of chiral alcohols for the development of pharmaceutical intermediates and other industrial applications: A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110483. [PMID: 39033578 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged as a strong tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In the early twentieth century, whole cell biocatalysis was used to develop the first industrial biocatalytic processes, and the precise work of enzymes was unknown. Biocatalysis has evolved over the years into an essential tool for modern, cost-effective, and sustainable pharmaceutical manufacturing. Meanwhile, advances in directed evolution enable the rapid production of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and high selectivity. Large-scale synthetic pathways incorporating biocatalytic critical steps towards >130 APIs of authorized pharmaceuticals and drug prospects are compared in terms of steps, reaction conditions, and scale with the corresponding chemical procedures. This review is designed on the functional group developed during the reaction forming alcohol functional groups. Some important biocatalyst sources, techniques, and challenges are described. A few APIs and their utilization in pharmaceutical drugs are explained here in this review. Biocatalysis has provided shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative pathways toward existing small molecule APIs. Furthermore, non-pharmaceutical applications of biocatalysts are also mentioned and discussed. Finally, this review includes the future outlook and challenges of biocatalysis. In conclusion, Further research and development of promising enzymes are required before they can be used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Naim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Centre for Chemical Synthesis & Polymer Technology, Institute of Science (IoS), Kompleks Inspirasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450, Malaysia.
| | - Putri Nur Arina Mohd Ariff
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Mohamad Hekarl Uzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia.
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3
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Xu G, Guo H, Yu Z, Wang S, Shen D, Yang L, Wu J, Chen B, Yu H. Crystal structure of lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals an unusual catalytic triad conformation. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00232-6. [PMID: 39025068 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase PaL catalyzes the stereoselective hydrolysis of menthyl propionate to produce L-menthol. The lack of a three-dimensional structure of PaL has so far prevented a detailed understanding of its stereoselective reaction mechanism. Here, the crystal structure of PaL was determined at a resolution of 1.80 Å by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. In the apo-PaL structure, the catalytic His302 is located in a long loop on the surface that is solvent exposed. His302 is distant from the other two catalytic residues, Asp274 and Ser164. This configuration of catalytic residues is unusual for lipases. Using metadynamics simulations, we observed that the enzyme undergoes a significant conformational change upon ligand binding. We also explored the catalytic and stereoselectivity mechanisms of PaL by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. These findings could guide the engineering of PaL with an improved diastereoselectivity for L-menthol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonglang Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Vardar-Yel N, Tütüncü HE, Sürmeli Y. Lipases for targeted industrial applications, focusing on the development of biotechnologically significant aspects: A comprehensive review of recent trends in protein engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132853. [PMID: 38838897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipases are remarkable biocatalysts, adept at catalyzing the breakdown of diverse compounds into glycerol, fatty acids, and mono- and di-glycerides via hydrolysis. Beyond this, they facilitate esterification, transesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis, and more, making them versatile in industrial applications. In industrial processes, lipases that exhibit high stability are favored as they can withstand harsh conditions. However, most native lipases are unable to endure adverse conditions, making them unsuitable for industrial use. Protein engineering proves to be a potent technology in the development of lipases that can function effectively under challenging conditions and fulfill criteria for various industrial processes. This review concentrated on new trends in protein engineering to enhance the diversity of lipase genes and employed in silico methods for predicting and comprehensively analyzing target mutations in lipases. Additionally, key molecular factors associated with industrial characteristics of lipases, including thermostability, solvent tolerance, catalytic activity, and substrate preference have been elucidated. The present review delved into how industrial traits can be enhanced through directed evolution (epPCR, gene shuffling), rational design (FRESCO, ASR), combined engineering strategies (i.e. CAST, ISM, and FRISM) as protein engineering methodologies in contexts of biodiesel production, food processing, and applications of detergent, pharmaceutics, and plastic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Vardar-Yel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Altınbaş University, 34145 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Esra Tütüncü
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Malatya Turgut Özal University, 44210 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey.
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5
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Rmili F, Krayem N, Loiseau C, Gauvry L, Frikha F, Ergan F, Chamkha M, Sayari A, Fendri A. Expression and characterization of an organic solvent tolerant recombinant lipase from Staphylococcus capitis SH6 for food wastewater treatment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:736-748. [PMID: 37937535 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2279111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The study illustrated here aims on an organic solvent tolerant lipase from Staphylococcus capitis (SCL). The gene part, encoding the mature lipase, was cloned and sequenced. The concluded polypeptide sequence, equivalent to the protein, consist of 388 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of about 45 kDa. A structure-based alignment of the SCL amino acid sequence shows high identities with those many staphylococcal lipases. From this alignment of sequences, the catalytic triad (Ser 117, Asp 308 and His 347) of SCL could be identified. The mature part of the SCL was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant lipase (r-SCL) was purified to homogeneity. The purified r-SCL presented a quite interesting stability at low temperatures (< 30 °C) and the enzyme was found to be highly stable in polar organic solvent and at a pH ranging from 3 to 12. After that, we have demonstrated that the recombinant enzyme may be implicated in the biodegradability of oily wastewater from effluents of fast-food restaurants; the maximum conversion yield into fatty acids obtained at 30 °C, was 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Rmili
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najeh Krayem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Celine Loiseau
- Laboratoire MMS Mer Molécules Santé (EA2160), Université du Maine, IUT de Laval Génie Biologique, Laval cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Gauvry
- Laboratoire MMS Mer Molécules Santé (EA2160), Université du Maine, IUT de Laval Génie Biologique, Laval cedex 09, France
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Françoise Ergan
- Laboratoire MMS Mer Molécules Santé (EA2160), Université du Maine, IUT de Laval Génie Biologique, Laval cedex 09, France
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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6
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Sun B, Li Z, Peng Y, Wang F, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Ma L. Whole-Cell Display of Phospholipase D in Escherichia coli for High-Efficiency Extracellular Phosphatidylserine Production. Biomolecules 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 38672447 PMCID: PMC11048313 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are widely utilized in various industries, including food, medicine, and cosmetics, due to their unique chemical properties and healthcare benefits. Phospholipase D (PLD) plays a crucial role in the biotransformation of phospholipids. Here, we have constructed a super-folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP)-based phospholipase D (PLD) expression and surface-display system in Escherichia coli, enabling the surface display of sfGFP-PLDr34 on the bacteria. The displayed sfGFP-PLDr34 showed maximum enzymatic activity at pH 5.0 and 45 °C. The optimum Ca2+ concentrations for the transphosphatidylation activity and hydrolysis activity are 100 mM and 10 mM, respectively. The use of displayed sfGFP-PLDr34 for the conversion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and L-serine to phosphatidylserine (PS) showed that nearly all the PC was converted into PS at the optimum conditions. The displayed enzyme can be reused for up to three rounds while still producing detectable levels of PS. Thus, Escherichia coli/sfGFP-PLD shows potential for the feasible industrial-scale production of PS. Moreover, this system is particularly valuable for quickly screening higher-activity PLDs. The fluorescence of sfGFP can indicate the expression level of the fused PLD and changes that occur during reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (B.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (F.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (B.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.P.); (F.W.); (Y.C.)
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7
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Pinotsis N, Krüger A, Tomas N, Chatziefthymiou SD, Litz C, Mortensen SA, Daffé M, Marrakchi H, Antranikian G, Wilmanns M. Discovery of a non-canonical prototype long-chain monoacylglycerol lipase through a structure-based endogenous reaction intermediate complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7649. [PMID: 38012138 PMCID: PMC10682391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of enzyme function is largely lacking behind the rapidly increasing availability of large numbers of sequences and associated high-resolution structures. This is often hampered by lack of knowledge on in vivo relevant substrates. Here, we present a case study of a high-resolution structure of an unusual orphan lipase in complex with an endogenous C18 monoacylglycerol ester reaction intermediate from the expression host, which is insoluble under aqueous conditions and thus not accessible for studies in solution. The data allowed its functional characterization as a prototypic long-chain monoacylglycerol lipase, which uses a minimal lid domain to position the substrate through a hydrophobic tunnel directly to the enzyme's active site. Knowledge about the molecular details of the substrate binding site allowed us to modulate the enzymatic activity by adjusting protein/substrate interactions, demonstrating the potential of our findings for future biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Pinotsis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Anna Krüger
- Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstrasse 12, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tomas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Claudia Litz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Arnold Mortensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hedia Marrakchi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Hamburg University of Technology, Kasernenstrasse 12, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- University Hamburg Clinical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Frisby TS, Langmead CJ. Identifying promising sequences for protein engineering using a deep transformer protein language model. Proteins 2023; 91:1471-1486. [PMID: 37337902 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein engineers aim to discover and design novel sequences with targeted, desirable properties. Given the near limitless size of the protein sequence landscape, it is no surprise that these desirable sequences are often a relative rarity. This makes identifying such sequences a costly and time-consuming endeavor. In this work, we show how to use a deep transformer protein language model to identify sequences that have the most promise. Specifically, we use the model's self-attention map to calculate a Promise Score that weights the relative importance of a given sequence according to predicted interactions with a specified binding partner. This Promise Score can then be used to identify strong binders worthy of further study and experimentation. We use the Promise Score within two protein engineering contexts-Nanobody (Nb) discovery and protein optimization. With Nb discovery, we show how the Promise Score provides an effective way to select lead sequences from Nb repertoires. With protein optimization, we show how to use the Promise Score to select site-specific mutagenesis experiments that identify a high percentage of improved sequences. In both cases, we also show how the self-attention map used to calculate the Promise Score can indicate which regions of a protein are involved in intermolecular interactions that drive the targeted property. Finally, we describe how to fine-tune the transformer protein language model to learn a predictive model for the targeted property, and discuss the capabilities and limitations of fine-tuning with and without knowledge transfer within the context of protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Frisby
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Feng C, Fang H, Wang F, Chen W, Xia LC, Lan D, Wang Y. Crystal Structure of Fungal Nonspecific Phospholipase C Unveils a Distinct Catalytic Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16352-16361. [PMID: 37800479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC) plays a pivotal role in hydrolyzing phospholipids, releasing diacylglycerol─an essential second messenger. Extensive research has elucidated the structure and function of bacterial and plant NPCs, but our understanding of their fungal counterparts remains limited. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a fungal NPC derived from Rasamsonia emersonii (RePLC), unraveling its distinguishable features divergent from other known phospholipase C. Remarkably, the structure of RePLC contains solely the phosphoesterase domain without the crucial C-terminal domain (CTD) found in plant NPCs, although CTD is important for their activity. Through a comparative analysis of structural features among NPCs from diverse species combined with structure-based mutation analyses and bioinformatics methods, we propose a potential molecular mechanism that may universally underlie the catalysis of phospholipid hydrolysis in fungal NPCs. Furthermore, our study sheds light on the captivating evolutionary trajectory of enzymes across diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Feng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fanghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li C Xia
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China
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10
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Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
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11
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Kaur M, Kumar R, Katoch P, Gupta R. Purification and characterization of extracellular lipase from a thermotolerant strain: Bacillus subtilis TTP-06. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:343. [PMID: 37711229 PMCID: PMC10497478 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In current study, lipase from a thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis TTP-06 was purified in a stepwise manner by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. Thenceforth, it was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate- and native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to check the homogeneity of the purified enzyme. The ideal substrate concentration, pH, temperature, reaction duration and lipase specificity were identified. With a yield of 11.02%, purified lipase displayed activity of 8.51 U/mg. Thenceforward, the homogeneously purified enzyme was considered to be a homo-dimer of 30 kDa subunits. Enzyme had Km and Vmax value of 9.498 mM and 19.92 mol mg-1 min-1, respectively. Additionally, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method was used to investigate the purified lipase and estimate its 3-D structure, which revealed a catalytic triad of serine, aspartate and histidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, SummerHill, Shimla, HP India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Katoch
- Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, SummerHill, Shimla, HP India
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12
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Rekadwad BN, Li WJ, Gonzalez JM, Punchappady Devasya R, Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath A, Urana R, Parwez K. Extremophiles: the species that evolve and survive under hostile conditions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 37637002 PMCID: PMC10457277 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles possess unique cellular and molecular mechanisms to assist, tolerate, and sustain their lives in extreme habitats. These habitats are dominated by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters that shape existing microbial communities and their cellular and genomic features. The diversity of extremophiles reflects a long list of adaptations over millions of years. Growing research on extremophiles has considerably uncovered and increased our understanding of life and its limits on our planet. Many extremophiles have been greatly explored for their application in various industrial processes. In this review, we focused on the characteristics that microorganisms have acquired to optimally thrive in extreme environments. We have discussed cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in stability at respective extreme conditions like thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, barophiles, etc., which highlight evolutionary aspects and the significance of extremophiles for the benefit of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwan Narayan Rekadwad
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), DBT-National Centre for Cell Science (DBT-NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan M. Gonzalez
- Microbial Diversity and Microbiology of Extreme Environments Research Group, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rekha Punchappady Devasya
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Arun Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, A Constituent Unit of Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya Complex, Balmatta, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Ruchi Urana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Bio Sciences and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Khalid Parwez
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar 852201 India
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13
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Vélez MA, Wolf VI, Espariz M, Acciarri G, Magni C, Hynes E, Perotti MC. Study of volatile compounds profiles in milk matrices using Enterococcus faecalis EstA and Rhizomucor miehei lipase. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112861. [PMID: 37254435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of esterase/lipase enzymes of different origins in food industry is a widely employed strategy to enhance the formation of characteristic aromatic compounds derived from fat and diversify flavour. In the present work, we studied EstA enzyme of Enterococcus faecalis and a high purity Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Palatase). EstA was obtained recombinantly in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and optimum esterase activity was detected at pH 6.75 and 40 °C. We evaluated the effect of the enzymes on milk mixtures prepared with different fat contents (2.8 and 6%) and structure (native or homogenized) on volatile compounds profiles. The milk fat structure before and after the application of low homogenization was characterized by dynamic light dispersion and microscopy. Native milk fat mixtures presented particles of 4.6 μm and 184 nm and homogenized mixtures had particles of 1.4 μm and 258 nm; microscopy images were in concordance with these results. Fifteen volatile compounds were identified, including ketones, esters, alcohols, and acids. We showed the key role of milk fat levels and microstructure in the nature of the volatile compounds produced by the R. miehei enzyme. Both in native or homogenized states, the highest content of fat favored a higher production of acids whereas the lowest fat level favored a higher esters production along with a more balanced volatile profile. For EstA enzyme, results showed a limited action on fat, as biosynthesis of esters only increased with the highest fat level homogenized.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Vélez
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Verónica I Wolf
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Acciarri
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Erica Hynes
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María C Perotti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, S3000AOM, Santa Fe, Argentina
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14
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Salucci S, Aramini B, Bartoletti-Stella A, Versari I, Martinelli G, Blalock W, Stella F, Faenza I. Phospholipase Family Enzymes in Lung Cancer: Looking for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3245. [PMID: 37370855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common neoplasm in men and the third most common in women. In the last decade, LC therapies have undergone significant improvements with the advent of immunotherapy. However, the effectiveness of the available treatments remains insufficient due to the presence of therapy-resistant cancer cells. For decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have dominated the treatment strategy for LC; however, relapses occur rapidly and result in poor survival. Malignant lung tumors are classified as either small- or non-small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC and NSCLC). Despite improvements in the treatment of LC in recent decades, the benefits of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited, although they have improved the prognosis of LC despite the persistent low survival rate due to distant metastasis in the late stage. The identification of novel prognostic molecular markers is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of LC initiation and progression. The potential role of phosphatidylinositol in tumor growth and the metastatic process has recently been suggested by some researchers. Phosphatidylinositols are lipid molecules and key players in the inositol signaling pathway that have a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, membrane trafficking, and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase enzymes and their emerging roles in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Versari
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - William Blalock
- "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza'' Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerca (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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15
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An Appraisal on Prominent Industrial and Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial Lipases. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:521-543. [PMID: 36319931 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases expedite the hydrolysis and synthesis of long-chain acyl esters. They are highly significant commercial biocatalysts to biotechnologists and organic chemists. The market size of lipase is anticipated to reach $590 million by 2023. This is all owing to their versatility in properties, including stability in organic solvents, interfacial activation in micro-aqueous environments, high substrate specificity, and activity in even non-aqueous milieu. Lipases are omnipresent and synthesized by various living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microbial lipases are the preferred choice for industrial applications as they entail low production costs, higher yield independent of seasonal changes, easier purification practices, and are capable of being genetically modified. Microbial lipases are employed in several common industries, namely various food manufactories (dairy, bakery, flavor, and aroma enhancement, etc.), leather tanneries, paper and pulp, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation and waste treatment, and many more. In recent decades, circumspection toward eco-friendly and sustainable energy has led scientists to develop industrial mechanisms with lesser waste/effluent generation, minimal overall energy usage, and biocatalysts that can be synthesized using renewable, low-cost, and unconventional raw materials. However, there are still issues regarding the commercial use of lipases which make industrialists wary and sometimes even switch back to chemical catalysis. Industrially relevant lipase properties must be further optimized, analyzed, and explored to ensure their continuous successful utilization. This review comprehensively describes the general background, structural characteristics, classifications, thermostability, and various roles of bacterial lipases in important industries.
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16
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Fabbri F, Bischof S, Mayr S, Gritsch S, Jimenez Bartolome M, Schwaiger N, Guebitz GM, Weiss R. The Biomodified Lignin Platform: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071694. [PMID: 37050308 PMCID: PMC10096731 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliance on fossil fuel has led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The excessive consumption of raw materials today makes the search for sustainable resources more pressing than ever. Technical lignins are mainly used in low-value applications such as heat and electricity generation. Green enzyme-based modifications of technical lignin have generated a number of functional lignin-based polymers, fillers, coatings, and many other applications and materials. These bio-modified technical lignins often display similar properties in terms of their durability and elasticity as fossil-based materials while also being biodegradable. Therefore, it is possible to replace a wide range of environmentally damaging materials with lignin-based ones. By researching publications from the last 20 years focusing on the latest findings utilizing databases, a comprehensive collection on this topic was crafted. This review summarizes the recent progress made in enzymatically modifying technical lignins utilizing laccases, peroxidases, and lipases. The underlying enzymatic reaction mechanisms and processes are being elucidated and the application possibilities discussed. In addition, the environmental assessment of novel technical lignin-based products as well as the developments, opportunities, and challenges are highlighted.
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17
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Girelli AM, Chiappini V. Renewable, sustainable, and natural lignocellulosic carriers for lipase immobilization: A review. J Biotechnol 2023; 365:29-47. [PMID: 36796453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that enzymes are molecules particularly susceptible to pH and temperature variations. Immobilization techniques may overcome this weakness besides improving the reusability of the biocatalysts. Given the strong push toward a circular economy, the use of natural lignocellulosic wastes as supports for enzyme immobilization has been increasingly attractive in recent years. This fact is mainly due to their high availability, low costs, and the possibility of reducing the environmental impact that can occur when they are improperly stored. In addition, they have physical and chemical characteristics suitable for enzyme immobilization (large surface area, high rigidity, porosity, reactive functional groups, etc.). This review aims to guide readers and provide them with the tools necessary to select the most suitable methodology for lipase immobilization on lignocellulosic wastes. The importance and the characteristics of an increasingly interesting enzyme, such as lipase, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different immobilization methods will be discussed. The various kinds of lignocellulosic wastes and the processing required to make them suitable as carriers will be also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Sharma N, Vuppu S. Computational Modelling and Molecular Docking of Industrial Leather Enzymes. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00689-z. [PMID: 36807269 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Leather is one of the widely traded commodities globally. It is a strategically important sector for the economic and industrial development of the country. However, the leather industry is perceived as a highly polluting industry. It produces huge amounts of solid and liquid wastes, and if these wastes are not properly treated and disposed of, then it tends to deteriorate the quality of soil and water, as well as cause emanations of smell and noxious gases into the surrounding. The current paper provides information about industrial leather enzymes, primarily collagenase, tannase, and lecithinase. In this study, enzymes such as collagenase, tannase, and lecithinase had a pivotal role in leather industries and their action in the bioremediation of leather effluents was further analysed and docked with a diverse range of compounds (ligands), with an optimal binding affinity score was determined. All interactions between protein ligands were depicted, which will help us with future research. Furthermore, this method can be tested practically, and other parameters can be studied in the future. Further, applications of enzymes and their hydrolyse by-products have also been highlighted in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, medical, and food sectors. Subsequently, this finding provides an innovative and broader goal for various sectors in terms of sustainability, stabilisation, and identifying research gaps that can guide modern industries and research scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Ali S, Khan SA, Hamayun M, Lee IJ. The Recent Advances in the Utility of Microbial Lipases: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020510. [PMID: 36838475 PMCID: PMC9959473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are versatile biocatalysts and are used in different bioconversion reactions. Microbial lipases are currently attracting a great amount of attention due to the rapid advancement of enzyme technology and its practical application in a variety of industrial processes. The current review provides updated information on the different sources of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast, their classical and modern purification techniques, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), and the use of microbial lipases in different industries, e.g., the food, textile, leather, cosmetics, paper, and detergent industries. Furthermore, the article provides a critical analysis of lipase-producing microbes, distinguished from the previously published reviews, and illustrates the use of lipases in biosensors, biodiesel production, and tea processing, and their role in bioremediation and racemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (I.-J.L.)
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20
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Kang BG, Kwon SY, Lee HR, Hwang Y, Youn SY, Oh C, Park JB, Cha SS. Structural and functional characterization of a thermostable secretory phospholipase A 2 from Sciscionella marina and its application in liposome biotransformation. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:188-197. [PMID: 36762864 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), which hydrolyzes the sn-2 acyl bond of lecithin in a Ca2+-dependent manner, is an important enzyme in the oil and oleochemical industries. However, most sPLA2s are not stable under process conditions. Therefore, a thermostable sPLA2 was investigated in this study. A marine bacterial sPLA2 isolated from Sciscionella marina (Sm-sPLA2) was catalytically active even after 5 h of incubation at high temperatures of up to 50°C, which is outstanding compared with a representative bacterial sPLA2 (i.e. sPLA2 from Streptomyces violaceoruber; Sv-sPLA2). Consistent with this, the melting temperature of Sm-sPLA2 was measured to be 7.7°C higher than that of Sv-sPLA2. Furthermore, Sm-sPLA2 exhibited an improved biotransformation performance compared with Sv-sPLA2 in the hydrolysis of soy lecithin to lysolecithin and free fatty acids at 50°C. Structural and mutagenesis studies revealed that the Trp41-mediated anchoring of a Ca2+-binding loop into the rest of the protein body is directly linked to the thermal stability of Sm-sPLA2. This finding provides a novel structural insight into the thermostability of sPLA2 and could be applied to create mutant proteins with enhanced industrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Gyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ran Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Youn
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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21
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Rabbani G, Ahmad E, Ahmad A, Khan RH. Structural features, temperature adaptation and industrial applications of microbial lipases from psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic origins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:822-839. [PMID: 36402388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are very prominent biocatalysts because of their ability to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Here microbial lipases from different origins (psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles) have been reviewed. This review emphasizes an update of structural diversity in temperature adaptation and industrial applications, of psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic lipases. The microbial origins of lipases are logically dynamic, proficient, and also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. It is therefore of interest to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to temperature in occurring lipases. However, lipases from extremophiles (psychrophiles, and thermophiles) are widely used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, fewer byproducts, or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. Lipases as a multipurpose biological catalyst have given a favorable vision in meeting the needs of several industries such as biodiesel, foods, and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and medicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
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22
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Samman N, Mohabatkar H, Rabiei P. Using several pseudo amino acid composition types and different machine learning algorithms to classify and predict archaeal phospholipases. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 12:117-126. [PMID: 37525666 PMCID: PMC10387176 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2023.47756.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases, as important lipolytic enzymes, have diverse industrial applications. Regarding the stability of extremophilic archaea's proteins in harsh conditions, analyses of unusual features of their proteins are significantly important for their utilization. This research was accomplished to in silico study of archaeal phospholipases' properties and to develop a pioneering method for distinguishing these enzymes from other archaeal enzymes via machine learning algorithms and Chou's pseudo-amino acid composition concept. The non-redundant sequences of archaeal phospholipases were collected. BioSeq-Analysis sever was used with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forests (RF), Covariance Discrimination (CD), and Optimized Evidence-Theoretic K-nearest Neighbor (OET-KNN) as powerful machine learnings algorithms. Also, different Chou's pseudo-amino acid composition modes were performed and then, 5-fold cross-validation was applied to the sequences. Based on our results, the OET-KNN predictor, with 96% accuracy, yields the best performance in SC-PseAAC mode by 5-fold cross-validation. This predictor also achieved very high values of specificity (95%), sensitivity (96%), Matthews's correlation coefficient (0.92), and accuracy (96%). The present investigation yielded a robust anticipatory model for the archaeal phospholipase prediction utilizing the tenets PseAAC and OET-KNN machine learning algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Mohabatkar
- Corresponding Author: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98 313 793 4391; Fax:+98 313 793 2342;
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23
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Kumar A, Verma V, Dubey VK, Srivastava A, Garg SK, Singh VP, Arora PK. Industrial applications of fungal lipases: a review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142536. [PMID: 37187537 PMCID: PMC10175645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal lipases (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases EC 3.1.1.3) are significant industrial enzymes and have several applications in a number of industries and fields. Fungal lipases are found in several species of fungi and yeast. These enzymes are carboxylic acid esterases, categorized under the serine hydrolase family, and do not require any cofactor during the catalyzing of the reactions. It was also noticed that processes including the extraction and purification of lipases from fungi are comparatively easier and cheaper than other sources of lipases. In addition, fungal lipases have been classified into three chief classes, namely, GX, GGGX, and Y. Fungal lipases have applications not only in the hydrolysis of fats and oils (triglycerides) but are also involved in synthetic reactions such as esterification, acidolysis, alcoholysis, interesterification, and aminolysis. The production and activity of fungal lipases are highly affected by the carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH, metal ions, surfactants, and moisture content. Therefore, fungal lipases have several industrial and biotechnological applications in many fields such as biodiesel production, ester synthesis, production of biodegradable biopolymers, formulations of cosmetics and personal care products, detergent manufacturing, degreasing of leather, pulp and paper production, textile industry, biosensor development, and drug formulations and as a diagnostic tool in the medical sector, biodegradation of esters, and bioremediation of wastewater. The immobilization of fungal lipases onto different carriers also helps in improving the catalytic activities and efficiencies of lipases by increasing thermal and ionic stability (in organic solvents, high pH, and temperature), being easy to recycle, and inducing the volume-specific loading of the enzyme onto the support, and thus, these features have proved to be appropriate for use as biocatalysts in different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinita Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Dubey
- College of Agriculture Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Kumar Arora
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24
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Application of Milk Permeate as an Inducer for the Production of Microbial Recombinant Lipolytic Enzymes. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinantly produced enzymes are applied in many fields, ranging from medicine to food and nutrition, production of detergents, textile, leather, paper, pulp, and plastics. Thus, the cost-effectiveness of recombinant enzyme synthesis is an important issue in biotechnological industry. Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), an analog of lactose, is currently the most widely used chemical agent for the induction of recombinant enzyme synthesis. However, the use of IPTG can lead to production of toxic elements and can introduce physiological stress to cells. Thus, this study aims to find a simpler, cheaper, and safer way to produce recombinant enzymes. In this study, production of several previously designed recombinant lipolytic enzymes (GDEst-95 esterase, GD-95RM lipase, fused GDEst-lip lipolytic enzyme, and putative cutinase Cut+SP from Streptomyces scabiei 87.22) is induced in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using 4 mM milk permeate, a type of waste of the milk manufacturing process possessing >82% lactose. The SDS-PAGE analysis clearly indicates synthesis of all target enzymes during a 2–12 h post-induction timeframe. Further investigation of GDEst-95, GD-95RM, GDEst-lip, and Cut+SP biocatalysts was carried out spectrophotometrically and using zymography method, confirming production of fully active enzymes.
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Souza PMP, Carballares D, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues S. Immobilization of Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Octyl-Vinyl Sulfone Agarose: Effect of the Enzyme-Support Interactions on Enzyme Activity, Specificity, Structure and Inactivation Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214268. [PMID: 36430745 PMCID: PMC9697615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized on heterofunctional support octyl agarose activated with vinyl sulfone to prevent enzyme release under drastic conditions. Covalent attachment was established, but the blocking step using hexylamine, ethylenediamine or the amino acids glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp) altered the results. The activities were lower than those observed using the octyl biocatalyst, except when using ethylenediamine as blocking reagent and p-nitrophenol butyrate (pNPB) as substrate. The enzyme stability increased using these new biocatalysts at pH 7 and 9 using all blocking agents (much more significantly at pH 9), while it decreased at pH 5 except when using Gly as blocking agent. The stress inactivation of the biocatalysts decreased the enzyme activity versus three different substrates (pNPB, S-methyl mandelate and triacetin) in a relatively similar fashion. The tryptophane (Trp) fluorescence spectra were different for the biocatalysts, suggesting different enzyme conformations. However, the fluorescence spectra changes during the inactivation were not too different except for the biocatalyst blocked with Asp, suggesting that, except for this biocatalyst, the inactivation pathways may not be so different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M. P. Souza
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana R. B. Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, Fortaleza CEP 60440-900, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.-L.); (S.R.)
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Arya PS, Yagnik SM, Rajput KN, Panchal RR, Raval VH. Valorization of agro-food wastes: Ease of concomitant-enzymes production with application in food and biofuel industries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127738. [PMID: 35940324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel and greener approach toward the co-production of hydrolytic enzymes in a single-cultivation medium with inexpensive substrates can bring down the production costs. Likewise, the natural and industrial organic biomass/solid are all nutritionally rich substrates waiting for free use in industries such as food, biofuel, etc. Valorization must broaden its applications in industries and households with a step towards a sustainable environment. The biofuel approach can be projected as one of the most promising deputations to meet future energy demands, in reduction of the environmental pollution due to excessive fossil fuel consumption. The present review highlights the multifaceted stature of microbial enzymes in this direction and possible implications mainly in the food industry and biofuel with the global impact of similar bio-based industries. In this review, design scale-up, fermentation cost, energy needs,and agro-food waste management have been meticulously delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Arya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Shivani M Yagnik
- Department of Microbiology, Christ College, Vidya Niketan, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
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Zhang H, Secundo F, Sun J, Mao X. Advances in enzyme biocatalysis for the preparation of functional lipids. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108036. [PMID: 36130694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Functional lipids, mainly ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3), are known to have a variety of health benefits. Lipases and phospholipases are widely used to prepare different forms of structured lipids, since biocatalytic methods can be carried out under mild conditions, preserving the quality of the products. On the other hand, many processes still are conducted at high temperatures and with organic solvents, which are conditions unfavorable for the production of nutritional products. This article gives an updated overview of enzyme biocatalysis methods for the preparation of different derivatives containing n-3 PUFAs, including specific reactions, enzyme immobilization research for high-efficiency catalysis, and enzyme engineering technologies (higher selectivity, stability, and activity). Furthermore, advanced control strategies of biocatalytic processes and reactors are presented. The future prospect and opportunities for marine functional lipids are also discussed. Therefore, the obtainment of enzymes endowed with superior properties and the development of optimized processes, still have to be pursued to achieve greener bio-catalyzed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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28
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Abstract
Lipases are efficient enzymes with promising applications in the nutraceutical and food industry, as they can offer high yields, pure products under achievable reaction conditions, and are an environmentally friendly option. This review addresses the production of high-value-added compounds such as fatty acid esters, with the potential to be used as flavoring agents or antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as structured lipids that offer specific functional properties that do not exist in nature, with important applications in different food products, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the most recent successful cases of reactions with lipases to produce modified compounds for food and nutraceuticals are reported.
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Marchisio F, Di Nardo L, Val DS, Cerminati S, Espariz M, Rasia RM, Menzella HG, Castelli ME. Characterization of a novel thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis suitable for oil degumming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5081-5091. [PMID: 35854045 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of cleaner technologies that minimize environmental pollution caused by conventional industrial processes is an increasing global trend. Hence, traditionally used chemicals have been replaced by novel enzymatic alternatives in a wide variety of industrial-scale processes. Enzymatic oil degumming, the first step of the oil refining process, exploits the conversion catalyzed by phospholipases to remove vegetable crude oils' phospholipids. This enzymatic method reduces the gums' volume and increases the overall oil yield. A thermostable phospholipase would be highly advantageous for industrial oil degumming as oil treatment at higher temperatures would save energy and increase the recovery of oil by facilitating the mixing and gums removal. A thermostable phosphatidylcholine (PC) (and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE))-specific phospholipase C from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TkPLC) was studied and completely removed PC and PE from crude soybean oil at 80 °C. Due to these characteristics, TkPLC is an interesting promising candidate for industrial-scale enzymatic oil degumming at high temperatures. KEY POINTS: • A thermostable phospholipase C from T. kodakarensis (TkPLC) has been identified. • TkPLC was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris and successfully purified. • TkPLC completely hydrolyzed PC and PE in soybean oil degumming assays at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Marchisio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Di Nardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Val
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Cerminati
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Estadística Y Procesamiento de Datos, Departamento de Matemática Y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Maximiliano Rasia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Biología Celular Y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Ocampo Y Esmeralda S/N, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural Y Metabolómica (PLABEM - CONICET), Ocampo y Esmeralda s/n, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gabriel Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos Y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Bioquímicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET. Mitre 1998, S2000FWF, Rosario, Argentina.
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Tuning Immobilized Commercial Lipase Preparations Features by Simple Treatment with Metallic Phosphate Salts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144486. [PMID: 35889359 PMCID: PMC9320038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Four commercial immobilized lipases biocatalysts have been submitted to modifications with different metal (zinc, cobalt or copper) phosphates to check the effects of this modification on enzyme features. The lipase preparations were Lipozyme®TL (TLL-IM) (lipase from Thermomyces lanuginose), Lipozyme®435 (L435) (lipase B from Candida antarctica), Lipozyme®RM (RML-IM), and LipuraSelect (LS-IM) (both from lipase from Rhizomucor miehei). The modifications greatly altered enzyme specificity, increasing the activity versus some substrates (e.g., TLL-IM modified with zinc phosphate in hydrolysis of triacetin) while decreasing the activity versus other substrates (the same preparation in activity versus R- or S- methyl mandelate). Enantiospecificity was also drastically altered after these modifications, e.g., LS-IM increased the activity versus the R isomer while decreasing the activity versus the S isomer when treated with copper phosphate. Regarding the enzyme stability, it was significantly improved using octyl-agarose-lipases. Using all these commercial biocatalysts, no significant positive effects were found; in fact, a decrease in enzyme stability was usually detected. The results point towards the possibility of a battery of biocatalysts, including many different metal phosphates and immobilization protocols, being a good opportunity to tune enzyme features, increasing the possibilities of having biocatalysts that may be suitable for a specific process.
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Potential Ester-Synthesizing Bacterium Isolated from Fermented Golden Pomfret and Identification of Its Lipase Encoding Genes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131954. [PMID: 35804769 PMCID: PMC9266206 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ester synthases are regarded as valuable catalysts in the food industry. Here, one strain of Acinetobacter venetianus with ester synthase-production capacity, SCSMX-3, was isolated from traditional fermented golden pomfret. It exhibited good growth in mesophilic, low salt, and slightly alkaline environments. The ester synthase produced by SCSMX-3 displayed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 35 °C. Genome sequencing revealed that the strain contains one circular chromosome of 336313 bp and two circular plasmids (plasmid A-14424 bp and plasmid B-11249 bp). Six CRISPR structures enhance the genomic stability of SCSMX-3 and provide the opportunity to create new functional strains. Gene function analysis indicated that SCSMX-3 produces the necessary enzymes for survival under different conditions and for flavor substance synthesis. Furthermore, 49 genes encoding enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, including three triacylglycerol lipases and two esterases, were identified through the NCBI Non-Redundant Protein Database. The lipase encoded by gene0302 belongs to the GX group and the abH15.02 (Burkholderia cepacia lipase) homolog of the abH15 superfamily. Our results shed light on the genomic diversity of and lipid metabolism in A. venetianus isolated from fermented golden pomfret, laying a foundation for the exploration of new ester synthases to improve the flavor of fermented fish products.
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32
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Dong Z, Olofsson K, Linares-Pastén JA, Nordberg Karlsson E. Investigation of Structural Features of Two Related Lipases and the Impact on Fatty Acid Specificity in Vegetable Fats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137072. [PMID: 35806072 PMCID: PMC9266812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the indispensable applications of lipases in modification of oils and fats is the possibility to tailor the fatty acid content of triacylglycerols (TAGs), to meet specific requirements from various applications in food, nutrition, and cosmetic industries. Oleic acid (C18:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) are two common long fatty acids in the side chain of triglycerides in plant fats and oils that have similar chemical composition and structures, except for an unsaturated bond between C9 and C10 in oleic acid. Two lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) and Rhizopus oryzae (ROL), show activity in reactions involving oleate and stearate, and share high sequence and structural identity. In this research, the preference for one of these two similar fatty acid side chains was investigated for the two lipases and was related to the respective enzyme structure. From transesterification reactions with 1:1 (molar ratio) mixed ethyl stearate (ES) and ethyl oleate (EO), both RML and ROL showed a higher activity towards EO than ES, but RML showed around 10% higher preference for ES compared with ROL. In silico results showed that stearate has a less stable interaction with the substrate binding crevice in both RML and ROL and higher tendency to freely move out of the substrate binding region, compared with oleate whose structure is more rigid due to the existence of the double bond. However, Trp88 from RML which is an Ala at the identical position in ROL shows a significant stabilization effect in the substrate interaction in RML, especially with stearate as a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Dong
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.L.-P.); (E.N.K.)
- AAK AB, Skrivaregatan 9, 215 32 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Javier A. Linares-Pastén
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.L.-P.); (E.N.K.)
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.L.-P.); (E.N.K.)
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Sampaio CS, Angelotti JAF, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Hirata DB. Lipase immobilization via cross-linked enzyme aggregates: Problems and prospects - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:434-449. [PMID: 35752332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we have focused on the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) from lipases, as these are among the most used enzyme in bioprocesses. This immobilization method is considered very attractive due to preparation simplicity, non-use of supports and the possibility of using crude enzyme extracts. CLEAs provide lipase stabilization under extreme temperature or pH conditions or in the presence of organic solvents, in addition to preventing enzyme leaching in aqueous medium. However, it presents some problems in the preparation and limitations in their use. The problems in preparation refer mainly to the crosslinking step, and may be solved using an aminated feeder. The problems in handling have been tackled designing magnetic-CLEAs or trapping the CLEAs in particles with better mechanical properties, the substrate diffusion problems has been reduced by producing more porous-CLEAs, etc. The enzyme co-immobilization using combi-CLEAs is also a new tendency. Therefore, this review explores the CLEAs methodology aimed at lipase immobilization and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Sampaio
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Joelise A F Angelotti
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of The External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniela B Hirata
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Vivek K, Sandhia GS, Subramaniyan S. Extremophilic lipases for industrial applications: A general review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108002. [PMID: 35688350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With industrialization and development in modern science enzymes and their applications increased widely. There is always a hunt for new proficient enzymes with novel properties to meet specific needs of various industrial sectors. Along with the high efficiency, the green and eco-friendly side of enzymes attracts human attention, as they form a true answer to counter the hazardous and toxic conventional industrial catalyst. Lipases have always earned industrial attention due to the broad range of hydrolytic and synthetic reactions they catalyse. When these catalytic properties get accompanied by features like temperature stability, pH stability, and solvent stability lipases becomes an appropriate tool for use in many industrial processes. Extremophilic lipases offer the same, thermostable: hot and cold active thermophilic and psychrophilic lipases, acid and alkali resistant and active acidophilic and alkaliphilic lipases, and salt tolerant halophilic lipases form excellent biocatalyst for detergent formulations, biofuel synthesis, ester synthesis, food processing, pharmaceuticals, leather, and paper industry. An interesting application of these lipases is in the bioremediation of lipid waste in harsh environments. The review gives a brief account on various extremophilic lipases with emphasis on thermophilic, psychrophilic, halophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic lipases, their sources, biochemical properties, and potential applications in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vivek
- Postgraduate Department of Botany and Research Centre (University of Kerala), University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India
| | - G S Sandhia
- Postgraduate Department of Botany and Research Centre (University of Kerala), University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India
| | - S Subramaniyan
- Postgraduate Department of Botany and Research Centre (University of Kerala), University College, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, India.
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35
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Rational engineering of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus HSL3 for simultaneous thermostability and activity improvement. J Biotechnol 2022; 355:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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He X, Liu P, Tang X, Wang T, Xu Z, Hou D, Wu D, Han N. Construction and analysis of a food-grade Lactiplantibacillus plantarum esterase/lipase overexpression system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Dias MDRG, da Silva GPC, de Pauloveloso A, Krieger N, Pilissão C. Biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of secondary allylic alcohols using Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Chirality 2022; 34:1008-1018. [PMID: 35506895 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) was immobilized through physical adsorption on pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with carboxyl or amine groups and used in the stereoselective acylation of (R,S)-1-octen-3-ol (1) and (R,S)-(E)-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ol (4) with vinyl acetate. All immobilized preparations produced better results than free BCL. For (R,S)-4, 50% conversion and E > 200 were obtained in n-hexane or in solvent-free medium. For (R,S)-1, in solvent-free medium, the conversion was 38% with a slight increase in the E-value (E = 10).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Pilissão
- Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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38
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High-throughput optical assays for sensing serine hydrolases in living systems and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Discovery of Novel Epoxyketone Peptides as Lipase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072261. [PMID: 35408660 PMCID: PMC9000415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed world and is associated with important comorbidities. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors play a key role in the metabolism of human fat. A series of novel epoxyketones peptide derivatives were investigated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The epoxyketone moiety is a well-known reactive electrophile group that has been used as part of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy, and it is widely believed that these are very selective for targeting the proteasome active site. Here we investigated various peptide derivatives with an epoxide warhead for their anti-lipase activity. The assessment of these novel epoxyketones was performed by an in-house method that we developed for rapid screening and identification of lipase inhibitors using GC-FID. Herein, we present a novel anti-lipase pharmacophore based on epoxyketone peptide derivatives that showed potent anti-lipase activity. Many of these derivatives had comparable or more potent activity than the clinically used lipase inhibitors such as orlistat. In addition, the lipase appears to be inhibited by a wide range of epoxyketone analogues regardless of the configuration of the epoxide in the epoxyketone moiety. The presented data in this study shows the first example of the use of epoxyketone peptides as novel lipase inhibitors.
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Peng YJ, Zhang H, Feng MG, Ying SH. Steryl Acetyl Hydrolase 1 (BbSay1) Links Lipid Homeostasis to Conidiogenesis and Virulence in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030292. [PMID: 35330294 PMCID: PMC8953178 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, as a well-studied entomopathogenic fungus, has a great potential for the biological control of insect pests. Lipid metabolism has been linked to the life cycle of B. bassiana; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a homolog of yeast steryl acetyl hydrolase 1 (Say1) was functionally characterized. The loss of B. bassianaSAY1 (BbSAY1) impaired the lipid homeostasis in conidia, with a significant reduction in oleic acid content. The ΔBbsay1 mutant strain displayed anelevated accumulation of lipid bodies and aweakened membrane permeability. As for phenotypic aspects, gene loss resulted in significant defects in germination, conidiation, and virulence. Our findings highlight that Say1, involved in lipid homeostasis, contributes to the cytomembrane integrity, development, and virulence in B. bassiana.
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Biodiesel production from microalgae using lipase-based catalysts: Current challenges and prospects. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Enespa, Chandra P, Singh DP. Sources, purification, immobilization and industrial applications of microbial lipases: An overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6653-6686. [PMID: 35179093 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipase is looking for better attention with the fast growth of enzyme proficiency and other benefits like easy, cost-effective, and reliable manufacturing. Immobilized enzymes can be used repetitively and are incapable to catalyze the reactions in the system continuously. Hydrophobic supports are utilized to immobilize enzymes when the ionic strength is low. This approach allows for the immobilization, purification, stability, and hyperactivation of lipases in a single step. The diffusion of the substrate is more advantageous on hydrophobic supports than on hydrophilic supports in the carrier. These approaches are critical to the immobilization performance of the enzyme. For enzyme immobilization, synthesis provides a higher pH value as well as greater heat stability. Using a mixture of immobilization methods, the binding force between enzymes and the support rises, reducing enzyme leakage. Lipase adsorption produces interfacial activation when it is immobilized on hydrophobic support. As a result, in the immobilization process, this procedure is primarily used for a variety of industrial applications. Microbial sources, immobilization techniques, and industrial applications in the fields of food, flavor, detergent, paper and pulp, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel, derivatives of esters and amino groups, agrochemicals, biosensor applications, cosmetics, perfumery, and bioremediation are all discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enespa
- School for Agriculture, Sri Mahesh Prasad Post Graduate College, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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44
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A novel acidic and SDS tolerant halophilic lipase from moderate halophile Nesterenkonia sp. strain F: molecular cloning, structure analysis and biochemical characterization. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-01005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Hydrolytic enzymes in the dairy industry: Applications, market and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Taleb MA, Gomaa SK, Wahba MI, Zaki RA, El-Fiky AF, El-Refai HA, El-Sayed H. Bioscouring of wool fibres using immobilized thermophilic lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:800-810. [PMID: 34848239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic nature of wool induced by its surface lipid barrier hinders its wettability during processing. Scouring of wool is conducted to remove this lipid barrier and facilitate any wet processes. Scouring of wool is conducted using soda ash followed by rinsing with huge amount of water to ensure complete removal of alkali. This work aimed at utilization of thermophilic lipase enzyme for removal of wool surface lipid barrier without deterioration on the fibre interior. A thermally stable lipase enzyme was produced from thermophilic microorganism; namely Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22, and was utilized in bio-scouring of wool. The produced enzyme was immobilized on sericin-based discs to enhance its stability and to make it reusable. The activity of both free and immobilized lipase enzymes at different conditions was assessed. The effects of bio-scouring of wool on its dyeability with acid, basic, and reactive dyes, as well as on some of its inherent properties, were monitored. Results showed that the bio-scoured wool exhibits enhanced dyeability with the said classes of dyes more than that of conventionally scoured samples. One-bath scouring and dyeing of wool fibres in two successive steps was conducted to reduce consumption of water and energy during wet processing of wool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abou Taleb
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Sanaa K Gomaa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Marwa I Wahba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1); Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Rania A Zaki
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Asmaa F El-Fiky
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Heba A El-Refai
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Hosam El-Sayed
- Proteinic and Man-made Fibres Department, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1).
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Khmaissa M, Hadrich B, Chamkha M, Sayari A, Fendri A. Production of a halotolerant lipase from
Halomonas
sp. strain
C2SS100
: Optimization by response‐surface methodology and application in detergent formulations. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khmaissa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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Zaman F, Ishaq MW, Ul‐Haq N, Rahman WU, Ali MM, Ahmed F, Haq AU. Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Zaman
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials 100029 Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ishaq
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics 230026 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Noaman Ul‐Haq
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Wajeeh Ur Rahman
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Muzaffar Ali
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Anwar ul Haq
- Riphah International University Department of Basic Sciences I-14 Campus 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
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Morris P, García-Arrazola R, Rios-Solis L, Dalby PA. Biophysical characterization of the inactivation of E. coli transketolase by aqueous co-solvents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23584. [PMID: 34880340 PMCID: PMC8654844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transketolase (TK) has been previously engineered, using semi-rational directed evolution and substrate walking, to accept increasingly aliphatic, cyclic, and then aromatic substrates. This has ultimately led to the poor water solubility of new substrates, as a potential bottleneck to further exploitation of this enzyme in biocatalysis. Here we used a range of biophysical studies to characterise the response of both E. coli apo- and holo-TK activity and structure to a range of polar organic co-solvents: acetonitrile (AcCN), n-butanol (nBuOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), isopropanol (iPrOH), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The mechanism of enzyme deactivation was found to be predominantly via solvent-induced local unfolding. Holo-TK is thermodynamically more stable than apo-TK and yet for four of the five co-solvents it retained less activity than apo-TK after exposure to organic solvents, indicating that solvent tolerance was not simply correlated to global conformational stability. The co-solvent concentrations required for complete enzyme inactivation was inversely proportional to co-solvent log(P), while the unfolding rate was directly proportional, indicating that the solvents interact with and partially unfold the enzyme through hydrophobic contacts. Small amounts of aggregate formed in some cases, but this was not sufficient to explain the enzyme inactivation. TK was found to be tolerant to 15% (v/v) iPrOH, 10% (v/v) AcCN, or 6% (v/v) nBuOH over 3 h. This work indicates that future attempts to engineer the enzyme to better tolerate co-solvents should focus on increasing the stability of the protein to local unfolding, particularly in and around the cofactor-binding loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattaraporn Morris
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Chemical Metrology and Biometry Department, National Institute of Metrology, 3/4-5 Moo 3, Klong 5, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ribia García-Arrazola
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Matten KJ, Mak A. Toxicological evaluation of Phospholipase D from Kitasatospora paracochleata. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:883-897. [PMID: 34793608 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases are used extensively in the production of food ingredients, typically as processing aids, to enzymatically convert glycerophospholipids and provide functional properties in meat products or baking confections. The current study examined the safety of Phospholipase D derived from Kitasatospora paracochleata (strain No. 362-PLD) for use as a processing aid in various food applications, where it may be present in the finished products at trace levels. The safety assessment of Phospholipase D included two in vitro genotoxicity studies and a 90-day subchronic toxicity study in rats. No evidence of genotoxicity was observed in a bacterial reverse mutation test or in a chromosome aberration test. In the subchronic toxicity study, no test article-related adverse effects were observed upon Phospholipase D administration to rats at doses levels of 0, 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg body weight/day throughout a 90-day study period. Thus, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 3000 mg/kg body weight/day. This safety assessment supports the safe use of Phospholipase D as a processing aid in food production and the presence of trace levels in finished products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Matten
- Food & Nutrition Group, Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Alastair Mak
- Food & Nutrition Group, Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada
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