1
|
Chesnokova V, Zonis S, Apaydin T, Barrett R, Melmed S. Non-pituitary growth hormone enables colon cell senescence evasion. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14193. [PMID: 38724466 PMCID: PMC11320355 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-induced senescence is initially sustained by p53. Senescent cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that impacts the aging microenvironment, often promoting cell transformation. Employing normal non-tumorous human colon cells (hNCC) derived from surgical biopsies and three-dimensional human intestinal organoids, we show that local non-pituitary growth hormone (npGH) induced in senescent cells is a SASP component acting to suppress p53. npGH autocrine/paracrine suppression of p53 results in senescence evasion and cell-cycle reentry, as evidenced by increased Ki67 and BrdU incorporation. Post-senescent cells exhibit activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased cell motility. Nu/J mice harboring GH-secreting HCT116 xenografts with resultant high GH levels and injected intrasplenic with post-senescent hNCC developed fourfold more metastases than did mice harboring control xenografts, suggesting that paracrine npGH enables post-senescent cell transformation. By contrast, senescent cells with suppressed npGH exhibit downregulated Ki67 and decreased soft agar colony formation. Mechanisms underlying these observations include npGH induction by the SASP chemokine CXCL1, which attracts immune effectors to eliminate senescent cells; GH, in turn, suppresses CXCL1, likely by inhibiting phospho-NFκB, resulting in SASP cytokine downregulation. Consistent with these findings, GH-receptor knockout mice exhibited increased colon phospho-NFκB and CXCL1, while GH excess decreased colon CXCL1. The results elucidate mechanisms for local hormonal regulation of microenvironmental changes in DNA-damaged non-tumorous epithelial cells and portray a heretofore unappreciated GH action favoring age-associated epithelial cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chesnokova
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Svetlana Zonis
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tugce Apaydin
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Barrett
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine InstituteCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zivkovic A, Trifunovic S, Savic D, Milosevic K, Lavrnja I. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5837. [PMID: 38892024 PMCID: PMC11172041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage to the central nervous system (CNS) are the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its representative animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). There is scientific evidence for the involvement of growth hormone (GH) in autoimmune regulation. Previous data on the relationship between the GH/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis and MS/EAE are inconclusive; therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the changes in the GH axis during acute monophasic EAE. The results show that the gene expression of Ghrh and Sst in the hypothalamus does not change, except for Npy and Agrp, while at the pituitary level the Gh, Ghrhr and Ghr genes are upregulated. Interestingly, the cell volume of somatotropic cells in the pituitary gland remains unchanged at the peak of the disease. We found elevated serum GH levels in association with low IGF-1 concentration and downregulated Ghr and Igf1r expression in the liver, indicating a condition resembling GH resistance. This is likely due to inadequate nutrient intake at the peak of the disease when inflammation in the CNS is greatest. Considering that GH secretion is finely regulated by numerous central and peripheral signals, the involvement of the GH/IGF-1 axis in MS/EAE should be thoroughly investigated for possible future therapeutic strategies, especially with a view to improving EAE disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Female
- Rats
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Pituitary Gland/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland/pathology
- Receptors, Somatotropin/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anica Zivkovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Milosevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crisci M, Vellanki S, Baldassano RN, Chen Y, Liu YL, Stein R, Hatch-Stein J. Growth hormone use in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:1012-1017. [PMID: 37795854 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impaired linear growth is a known complication of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the use of growth hormone (GH) in this population is not well-described. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether growth hormone use in pediatric IBD leads to improved height outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective chart review of patients with IBD aged 0-21 years followed at a single center between 2018 and 2021 treated with at least 1 year of GH. Records collected included demographics, IBD phenotype, IBD disease activity scores, medications, weight z-score, height z-score, bone age, and details of GH therapy including testing for GH deficiency. The primary outcome measure was change in height z-score after 1 year of GH treatment. RESULTS Forty-six patients were identified and 18 were excluded. Of the 28 patients included (7 female; 25.0 %), 26 (92.9 %) had a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and 2 (7.1 %) had ulcerative colitis (UC). The mean (SD) age at GH initiation was 9.6 (3.4) years. Among all participants, there was a significant mean difference in height z-score from baseline to 1 year on therapy (-2.25 vs. -1.50, respectively; difference, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.56 to 0.94; p<0.001). Among the 19 subjects that completed GH therapy there was a significant mean difference between baseline and final height z-scores (-2.41 vs. -0.77, respectively; difference, 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.30 to 1.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS GH use was associated with improved height outcomes. The pediatric IBD patients in this cohort had significant improvements in height z-scores both after one year on therapy and at completion of GH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crisci
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Srisindu Vellanki
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Lun Liu
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ronen Stein
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Hatch-Stein
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Falah G, Sharvit L, Atzmon G. The Exon 3-Deleted Growth Hormone Receptor (d3GHR) Polymorphism-A Favorable Backdoor Mechanism for the GHR Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13908. [PMID: 37762211 PMCID: PMC10531306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in controlling growth, development, and lifespan. Molecular regulation of GH is accomplished via the GH receptor (GHR), which is the main factor influencing human development and is essential to optimal functioning of the GH/IGF-I axis. Two GHR isoforms have been studied, according to the presence (flGHR) or absence (d3GHR) of exon 3. The d3GHR isoform, which lacks exon 3 has recently been related to longevity; individuals carrying this isoform have higher receptor activity, improved signal transduction, and alterations in the treatment response and efficacy compared with those carrying the wild type (WT) isoform (flGHR). Further, studies performed in patients with acromegaly, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, small for gestational age (SGA), and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) suggested that the d3GHR isoform may have an impact on the relationship between GH and IGF-I levels, height, weight, BMI, and other variables. Other research, however, revealed inconsistent results, which might have been caused by confounding factors, including limited sample sizes and different experimental methods. In this review, we lay out the complexity of the GHR isoforms and provide an overview of the major pharmacogenetic research conducted on this ongoing and unresolved subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer Falah
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xing T, Xu Y, Li J, Wen L, Xu Q, Liang W, Liang P, Liu Y, Tan R, Liu Y, Zhong X. Associations between insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score and overall nutritional parameters in patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2257-2266. [PMID: 36853448 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between insulin-like growth factor-1 and nutritional status indicators in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS Patients undergoing MHD for > 3 months were included in this single-center cross-sectional study in March 2021. Clinical, demographic, and body mass data and blood samples were collected before the hemodialysis sessions. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay, and serum IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) was calculated for MHD patients according to age and sex. The nutritional status of patients was assessed using serum albumin, serum prealbumin, handgrip strength, pinching strength, upper arm muscle circumference, lean body mass, phase angle, seven-point subjective global assessment (SGA) score, and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). The patients were divided into groups according to tertiles of serum IGF-1 SDS levels. Spearman correlation analyses and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between serum IGF-1 SDS and nutritional status parameters. RESULTS A total of 155 MHD patients (male: female = 90:65) were enrolled in the study, with a median dialysis vintage of 28.0 (11.0, 55.0) months, and an average age of 66 (65.5 ± 13.0) years. The median of IGF-1 SDS was - 0.1 (- 0.6 to 0.6). Compared to patients with higher IGF-1 SDSs, patients with lower IGF-1 SDSs had lower levels of serum ceruloplasmin (341.0 [287.5, 416.0] vs 395.0 [327.0, 451.0] vs 409.0 [349.5, 507.5], p = 0.002), serum albumin (34.7 ± 3.0 vs 37.0 ± 3.1 vs 37.8 ± 2.6, p < 0.001), serum prealbumin (270.3 [233.7, 327.8] vs 326.0 [279.3, 355.6] vs 363.0 [324.2, 398.2], p < 0.001), handgrip strength (13.8 [10.0, 20.7] vs 17.7 [10.7, 22.5] vs 23.3 [16.6, 27.8], p < 0.001), pinch strength (4.6 [3.9, 6.0] vs 4.9 (3.9, 6.9) vs 6.5 [4.7, 8.7], p = 0.002), phase angle (3.3 [3.0, 3.8] vs 3.9 [3.4, 4.7] vs 4.3 [3.6, 5.2, p < 0.001), modified Creatinine Index (83.1 ± 19.7 vs 93.1 ± 23.4 vs 113.9 ± 24.3, p < 0.001), intracellular water (14.5 ± 4.4 vs 16.1 ± 4.9 vs 16.9 ± 4.4, p = 0.031), higher extracellular water (26.9 ± 5.8 vs 25.7 ± 5.5 vs 25.1 ± 3.1, p = 0.042), and higher malnutrition risk as defined by GNRI (49.0% vs 15.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001) and SGA (53.9% vs 23.5% vs 7.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower IGF-1 SDSs are independently associated with higher malnutrition risk in patients with MHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xing
- Clinical Collage of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luona Wen
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongshao Tan
- Clinical Collage of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shabbir RMK, Nalbant G, Zaman Q, Tolun A, Malik S, Mumtaz S. A Recurrent Mutation in Growth Hormone Receptor ( GHR) Gene Underlying Laron-type Dwarfism in a Pakistani Family. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023; 96:313-325. [PMID: 37780997 PMCID: PMC10524814 DOI: 10.59249/tcaa2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Laron syndrome (LS) is a rare autosomal recessively segregating disorder of severe short stature. The condition is characterized by short limbs, delayed puberty, hypoglycemia in infancy, and obesity. Mutations in growth hormone receptor (GHR) have been implicated in LS; hence, it is also known as growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (MIM-262500). Here we represent a consanguineous Pakistani family in which three siblings were afflicted with LS. Patients had rather similar phenotypic presentations marked with short stature, delayed bone age, limited extension of elbows, truncal obesity, delayed puberty, childish appearance, and frontal bossing. They also had additional features such as hypo-muscularity, early fatigue, large ears, widely-spaced breasts, and attention deficit behavior, which are rarely reported in LS. The unusual combination of the features hindered a straightforward diagnosis and prompted us to first detect the regions of shared homozygosity and subsequently the disease-causing variant by next generation technologies, like SNP genotyping and exome sequencing. A homozygous pathogenic variant c.508G>C (p.(Asp170His)) in GHR was detected. The variant is known to be implicated in LS, supporting the molecular diagnosis of LS. Also, we present detailed clinical, hematological, and hormonal profiling of the siblings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM,
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Qamar Zaman
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM,
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bitarafan F, Khodaeian M, Garrousi F, Khalesi R, Ghazi Nader D, Karimi B, Alibakhshi R, Garshasbi M. Reporting a novel growth hormone receptor gene variant in an Iranian consanguineous pedigree with Laron syndrome: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:155. [PMID: 37474955 PMCID: PMC10357607 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human growth hormone (hGH) plays a crucial role in growth by binding to growth hormone receptor (GHR) in target cells. Binding of GH molecules to their cognate receptors triggers downstream signaling pathways leading to the transcription of several genes, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Pathogenic variants in the GHR gene can result in structural and functional defects in the GHR protein, leading to Laron Syndrome (LS) with the primary clinical manifestation of short stature. So far, around 100 GHR variants have been reported, mostly biallelic, as causing LS. CASE PRESENTATION We report on three siblings from an Iranian consanguineous family who presented with dwarfism. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband, revealing a novel homozygous missense variant in the GHR gene (NM_000163.5; c.610 T > A, p.(Trp204Arg)) classified as a likely pathogenic variant according to the recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG). Co-segregation analysis was investigated using Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS To date, approximately 400-500 LS cases with GHR biallelic variants, out of them 10 patients originating from Iran, have been described in the literature. Given the high rate of consanguineous marriages in the Iranian population, the frequency of LS is expected to be higher, which might be explained by undiagnosed cases. Early diagnosis of LS is very important, as treatment is available for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bitarafan
- Department of Medical Genetics, DeNA Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Raziyeh Khalesi
- Department of Medical Genetics, DeNA Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donya Ghazi Nader
- Medical Genetics Laboratory of Dr. Alibakhshi, Sobhan Medical Complex, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behnam Karimi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory of Dr. Alibakhshi, Sobhan Medical Complex, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martínez-Moreno CG, Calderón-Vallejo D, Díaz-Galindo C, Hernández-Jasso I, Olivares-Hernández JD, Ávila-Mendoza J, Epardo D, Balderas-Márquez JE, Urban-Sosa VA, Baltazar-Lara R, Carranza M, Luna M, Arámburo C, Quintanar JL. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone act as anti-inflammatory factors improving sensory recovery in female rats with thoracic spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1164044. [PMID: 37360158 PMCID: PMC10288327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1164044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for novel applications of classical hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and growth hormone (GH), to counteract neural harm is based on their demonstrated neurotrophic effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models and a growing number of clinical trials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of GnRH and/or GH on the expression of several proinflammatory and glial activity markers in damaged neural tissues, as well as on sensory recovery, in animals submitted to thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). Additionally, the effect of a combined GnRH + GH treatment was examined in comparison with single hormone administration. Spinal cord damage was induced by compression using catheter insufflation at thoracic vertebrae 10 (T10), resulting in significant motor and sensory deficits in the hindlimbs. Following SCI, treatments (GnRH, 60 μg/kg/12 h, IM; GH, 150 μg/kg/24 h, SC; the combination of both; or vehicle) were administered during either 3 or 5 weeks, beginning 24 h after injury onset and ending 24 h before sample collection. Our results indicate that a chronic treatment with GH and/or GnRH significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory (IL6, IL1B, and iNOS) and glial activity (Iba1, CD86, CD206, vimentin, and GFAP) markers in the spinal cord tissue and improved sensory recovery in the lesioned animals. Furthermore, we found that the caudal section of the spinal cord was particularly responsive to GnRH or GH treatment, as well as to their combination. These findings provide evidence of an anti-inflammatory and glial-modulatory effect of GnRH and GH in an experimental model of SCI and suggest that these hormones can modulate the response of microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrated immune cells in the spinal cord tissue following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guillermo Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Denisse Calderón-Vallejo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Juan David Olivares-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - José Ávila-Mendoza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - David Epardo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Jerusa Elienai Balderas-Márquez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Valeria Alejandra Urban-Sosa
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Baltazar-Lara
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - José Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang T, Tian J, Su W, Yang F, Yin J, Jiang Q, Li Y, Yao K, Li T, Yin Y. Effect of Ornithine α-Ketoglutarate on Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Inflammatory Cytokines in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Colitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112476. [PMID: 37299439 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG), a nutritional compound, is an amino acid salt with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on humans and animals. Ulcerative colitis (UC), as an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leads to chronic intestinal inflammatory dysfunction. This study evaluated the optimal dosage of OKG in healthy mice. Then, a mouse model of acute colitis was established using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and the preventive effect of OKG on DSS-induced colitis in mice was explored through analysis of serum inflammatory cytokines and fecal microbiota. Initially, the mice were randomly divided into a control group, a group given a low dose of OKG (LOKG: 0.5%), a group given a medium dose of OKG (MOKG: 1%), and a group given a high dose of OKG (HOKG: 1.5%); they remained in these groups for the entire 14-day experimental period. Our results demonstrated that 1% OKG supplementation increased body weight, serum growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Tyr, and His and decreased urea nitrogen (BUN), NH3L, and Ile. Then, a 2 × 2 factor design was used for a total of 40 mice, with diet (a standard diet or a 1% OKG diet) and challenge (4% DSS or not) as the main factors. During days 14 to 21, the DSS mice were administered 4% DSS to induce colitis. The results revealed that OKG alleviated weight loss and reversed the increases in colonic histological damage induced by DSS. OKG also increased serum IL-10 secretion. Moreover, OKG enhanced the abundance of Firmicutes and decreased that of Bacteriodetes at the phylum level and particularly enhanced the abundance of Alistipes and reduced that of Parabacterioides at the genus level. Our results indicated that OKG promotes growth performance and hormone secretion and regulates serum biochemical indicators and amino acid concentrations. Furthermore, 1% OKG supplementation prevents DSS-induced colitis in mice via altering microbial compositions and reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Junquan Tian
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Wenxuan Su
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Menahem C, Foist M, Mansour Y, Shtaif B, Bar-Maisels M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. A Whey-Based Diet Can Ameliorate the Effects of LPS-Induced Growth Attenuation in Young Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:1823. [PMID: 37111042 PMCID: PMC10146220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in childhood is associated with impaired growth. In the current study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation in young rats was used to study the efficacy of whey-based as compared to soy-based diets to ameliorate growth attenuation. Young rats were injected with LPS and fed normal chow or diets containing whey or soy as the sole protein source during treatment, or during the recovery period in a separate set of experiments. The body and spleen weight, food consumption, humerus length, and EGP height and structure were evaluated. Inflammatory markers in the spleen and markers of differentiation in the EGP were assessed using qPCR. The LPS led to a significant increase in the spleen weight and a decrease in the EGP height. Whey, but not soy, protected the animals from both effects. In the recovery model, whey led to increased EGP height at both 3 and 16 d post treatment. The most affected region in the EGP was the hypertrophic zone (HZ), which was significantly shortened by the LPS treatment but enlarged by whey. In conclusion, LPS affected the spleen weight and EGP height and had a specific effect on the HZ. Nutrition with whey protein appeared to protect the rats from the LPS-induced growth attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Menahem
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Foist
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yasmin Mansour
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Biana Shtaif
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Meytal Bar-Maisels
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Canonical growth hormone (GH)-dependent signaling is essential for growth and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, but also may contribute to glucose homeostasis (even in the absence of hypoglycemia) via its impact on metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, body composition, and cardiovascular risk profile. The aim of this review is to summarize recent data implicating GH action in metabolic control, including both IGF-1-dependent and -independent pathways, and its potential role as target for T2D therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental blockade of the GHR can modulate glucose metabolism. Moreover, the soluble form of the GH receptor (GHR, or GHBP) was recently identified as a mediator of improvement in glycemic control in patients with T2D randomized to bariatric surgery vs. medical therapy. Reductions in GHR were accompanied by increases in plasma GH, but unchanged levels of both total and free IGF-1. Likewise, hepatic GHR expression is reduced following both RYGB and VSG in rodents. Emerging data indicate that GH signaling is important for regulation of long-term glucose metabolism in T2D. Future studies will be required to dissect tissue-specific GH signaling and sensitivity and their contributions to systemic glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Dong
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Su
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peixe C, Sánchez-García M, Grossman AB, Korbonits M, Marques P. Biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis: Elevated GH or IGF-1 levels do not always diagnose acromegaly. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 64:101467. [PMID: 35609487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent diagnosis underlying the finding of an elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary tumour. However, GH and IGF-1 levels can be discordant in patients with acromegaly due to early or partially treated disease, or there might be another cause of high GH or high IGF-1 unrelated to acromegaly, such as pre-analytical and technical pitfalls, physiological circumstances and pathological conditions. High GH and normal or low serum IGF-1, or alternatively, normal GH with elevated serum IGF-1, should be carefully assessed to avoid misinterpreting the activity of acromegaly or misdiagnosing a patient with acromegaly. We summarise here these biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peixe
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miriam Sánchez-García
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital General de Zona Número 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Marques
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang M, Fang R, Xue J, Yang K, Lu Y. Effects of Catalase on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Composition in Yellow Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:802051. [PMID: 35400106 PMCID: PMC8988485 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.802051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of catalase (CAT) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbial composition of yellow broilers. Male Lingnan yellow broilers (360), aged 1 day, were randomly divided into control group (CON) (fed with a basic diet), R1 group (fed with basic diet + 150 U/kg catalase), and R2 group (fed with basic diet + 200 U/kg catalase). Each group had 8 replicates and 15 chickens in each replicate. The test is divided into the early stage (1–30 days) and the later stage (31–60 days). The results showed that compared with the control group, groups R1 and R2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the weight gain and reduced (p < 0.05) the ratio of feed to gain in the early and the whole stages; prominently increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in livers, the activities of CAT and GSH-Px in serum, and CAT in the jejunum in the early and the later stages; markedly increased (p < 0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the duodenum in the early and the later stages, the villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum and ileum in the early stage, and significantly lowered (p < 0.05) the crypt depth of the duodenum (in the early and the later stages), jejunum, and ileum (in early stage); memorably (p < 0.05) increased the number of total bacteria and Bacteroidetes in ceca, as well as the number of Lactobacillus in the jejunum (p < 0.05) on the 30th; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of junction adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), mucin 2 (MCU2), and occlusal protein (occludin) in the duodenum in the early stage, and increased (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of JAM2 in the jejunum in the later stage. Collectively, adding catalase (CAT) to the diet of yellow broilers can improve the growth performance and the antioxidant capacity, promoting the integrity of intestinal morphology, optimizing the composition of intestinal microorganisms, and upregulating the mRNA expression of tight junction protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rejun Fang
| | - Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Menon Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Preventing Bacterial Translocation in Patients with Leaky Gut Syndrome: Nutrition and Pharmacological Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063204. [PMID: 35328624 PMCID: PMC8949204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaky gut syndrome is a medical condition characterized by intestinal hyperpermeability. Since the intestinal barrier is one of the essential components maintaining homeostasis along the gastrointestinal tract, loss of its integrity due to changes in bacterial composition, decreased expression levels of tight junction proteins, and increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines may lead to intestinal hyperpermeability followed by the development of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Translocation of microorganisms and their toxic metabolites beyond the gastrointestinal tract is one of the fallouts of the leaky gut syndrome. The presence of intestinal bacteria in sterile tissues and distant organs may cause damage due to chronic inflammation and progression of disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, liver cirrhosis, and acute pancreatitis. Currently, there are no medical guidelines for the treatment or prevention of bacterial translocation in patients with the leaky gut syndrome; however, several studies suggest that dietary intervention can improve barrier function and restrict bacteria invasion. This review contains current literature data concerning the influence of diet, dietary supplements, probiotics, and drugs on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Guijarro LG, Cano-Martínez D, Toledo-Lobo MV, Salinas PS, Chaparro M, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Zoullas S, Rodríguez-Torres R, Román ID, Monasor LS, Ruiz-Llorente L, Del Carmen Boyano-Adánez M, Guerra I, Iborra M, Cabriada JL, Bujanda L, Taxonera C, García-Sánchez V, Marín-Jiménez I, Acosta MBD, Vera I, Martín-Arranz MD, Mesonero F, Sempere L, Gomollón F, Hinojosa J, Alvarez-Mon M, Gisbert JP, Ortega MA, Hernández-Breijo B, On Behalf Of The Predicrohn Study Group From Geteccu. Relationship between IGF-1 and body weight in inflammatory bowel diseases: Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112239. [PMID: 34601192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, what leads to diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss. Depression of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (GH-IGF-1 axis) could be responsible of these symptoms. We demonstrate that long-term treatment (54 weeks) of adult CD patients with adalimumab (ADA) results in a decrease in serum IGF-1 without changes in serum IGF-1 binding protein (IGF1BP4). These results prompted us to conduct a preclinical study to test the efficiency of IGF-1 in the medication for experimental colitis. IGF-1 treatment of rats with DSS-induced colitis has a beneficial effect on the following circulating biochemical parameters: glucose, albumin, and total protein levels. In this experimental group we also observed healthy maintenance of colon size, body weight, and lean mass in comparison with the DSS-only group. Histological analysis revealed restoration of the mucosal barrier with the IGF-1 treatment, which was characterized by healthy quantities of mucin production, structural maintenance of adherers junctions (AJs), recuperation of E-cadherin and β-catenin levels and decrease in infiltrating immune cells and in metalloproteinase-2 levels. The experimentally induced colitis caused activation of apoptosis markers, including cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8, and PARP and decreases cell-cycle checkpoint activators including phosphorylated Rb, cyclin E, and E2F1. The IGF-1 treatment inhibited cyclin E depletion and partially protects PARP levels. The beneficial effects of IGF-1 in experimental colitis could be explained by a re-sensitization of the IGF-1/IRS-1/AKT cascade to exogenous IGF-1. Given these results, we postulate that IGF-1 treatment of IBD patients could prove to be successful in reducing disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Guijarro
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cano-Martínez
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - María Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain; Gastroenterology Unit Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Sofía Zoullas
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodríguez-Torres
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Irene D Román
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Iván Guerra
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada & Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Spain
| | - Marisa Iborra
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Fe (CIBEREHD), Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Cabriada
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Galdakano, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain; Department of Gastroenterology. Biodonostia Health Research Institute. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Taxonera
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos and IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle García-Sánchez
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón e IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Vera
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Mesonero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sempere
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Lozano Blesa, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hinojosa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Manises, Valencia, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Spain; Gastroenterology Unit Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Borja Hernández-Breijo
- Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Immuno-Rheumatology Research Group. IdiPaz. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dungan WC, Garrett MR, Welch BA, Lawson WJ, Himel AR, Dungey A, Vick KD, Grayson BE. Whole genome transcriptome analysis of the stomach resected in human vertical sleeve gastrectomy: cutting more than calories. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:193-205. [PMID: 33870723 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is a surgical weight loss procedure that resects 80% of the stomach, creating a tube linking the esophagus to the duodenum. Because of the efficacy and relative simplicity of VSG, it is preferred in the United States, with VSG currently at >61% of bariatric surgeries performed. Surprisingly, there has never been a complete molecular characterization of the human stomach greater curvature's fundus and corpus. Here we compare and contrast the molecular makeup of these regions. We performed a prospective cohort study to obtain gastric tissue samples from patients undergoing elective VSG. Paired fundus and corpus samples were obtained. Whole genome transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (N = 10), with key findings validated by qPCR (N = 24). Participants were primarily female (95.8%) and White (79.15%). Mean body mass index, body weight, and age were 46.1 kg/m2, 121.6 kg, and 43.29 yr, respectively. Overall, 432 gene transcripts were significantly different between the fundus and the corpus (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between the RNA sequencing dataset and qPCR validation, demonstrating robust gene expression differences between the fundus and the corpus. Significant genes included progastricsin, acidic chitinase, and gastokine 1 and 2 in both the fundus and the corpus. Of the very highly expressed genes in both regions, 87% were present in both the stomach's fundus and corpus, indicating substantial overlap. Despite significant overlap in the greater curvature gene signature, regional differences exist within the fundus and the corpus. Given that the mechanism of VSG is partly unresolved, the potential that the resected tissue may express genes that influence long-term body weight regulation is unknown and could influence VSG outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C Dungan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - William J Lawson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexandra R Himel
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adam Dungey
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kenneth D Vick
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sinpru P, Bunnom R, Poompramun C, Kaewsatuan P, Sornsan S, Kubota S, Molee W, Molee A. Association of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I genotype with body weight, dominance of body weight, and mRNA expression in Korat slow-growing chickens. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1886-1894. [PMID: 33705631 PMCID: PMC8563241 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) play a critical role in animal growth rates. We aimed to investigate the effect of GH and IGF-I genotypes on body weight (BW), dominance, and gene expression in slow-growing chickens at different ages. Methods A total of 613 Korat chickens (KRs) were bred and divided into three groups by genotype – A1A1, A1A3, and A3A3 for GH and AA, AC, and CC for IGF-I. Chickens were weighed every two weeks, and liver and breast muscle tissues were collected at 10 weeks of age. Genetic parameters of KRs were estimated using ASReml software. The GH and IGF-I mRNA levels were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Significant differences between traits were analyzed using the generalized linear model. Results A significant effect of GH genotypes on BW was found at most ages, and the A1A1 genotype had the highest value of BW. Compared with the A3A3 genotype, the A1A1 and A1A3 genotypes showed a higher dominance effect at 0 and 2 weeks, and genotype A1A1 had the highest value of dominance at 8 weeks of age. A difference in GH mRNA levels between genotypes was detected in breast muscle at 6 weeks and in the liver tissue at 2 weeks. In the case of IGF-I gene, the AA genotype had the highest BW at the beginning of life. Significant differences in BW dominance were found at 2 weeks. However, IGF-I mRNA levels were not different among genotypes in both breast muscles and liver tissues. Conclusion Our results revealed that GH and IGF-I influence growth, but may not be involved in heterosis. GH can be used as a marker gene in selection programs for growth because the homozygous genotype (A1A1) had the highest BW at all ages. The IGF-I is not a useful marker gene for selection programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpradub Sinpru
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Rujjira Bunnom
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chotima Poompramun
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Pramin Kaewsatuan
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirangkun Sornsan
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Molee
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Molee
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:469-475. [PMID: 33613096 PMCID: PMC7882400 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the immune system are complex, bidirectional, but not fully explained. Current reviews based on numerous studies have indicated that chronic inflammation could suppress the GH/IGF-1 axis via several mechanisms such as relative GH and/or IGF-1 insufficiency, peripheral resistance to GH and/or IGF-1 resulting from down-regulation of GH and IGF-1 receptors, disruption in the GH/IGF-1 signalling pathways, dysregulation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), reduced IGF bioavailability, and modified gene regulation due to changes in the microRNA system. It is well-known that relationships between the immune system and the GH/IGF-1 axis are mutual and GH as well as IGF-1 could modulate inflammatory response and the activity of systemic inflammation. Available data indicate that the GH/IGF-1 axis exerts both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), and interleukin-1b (IL-b) are some of the most significant factors, besides malnutrition, chronic stress, and prolonged use of glucocorticoids, which impair the activity of the GH/IGF-1 axis, and consequently lead to growth retardation in children suffering from childhood-onset chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the impact of chronic inflammation on the GH/IGF-1 axis and growth processes during childhood and adolescence, based on a number of experimental and human studies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Amaro F, Chiarelli F. Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110458. [PMID: 33138015 PMCID: PMC7692295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestinal symptoms, and extraintestinal manifestations. The altered immune response role seems to be important both in UC and CD. In the majority of cases, CD begins with abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, and weight loss; there can be also perianal fistulas, rhagades, and perianal recurrent abscesses. In addition, retarded growth and delayed puberty can precede the development of the disease or can even be predominant at onset. Growth retardation is found in 40% of IBD patients, but the underlying mechanism of this and other extra-intestinal manifestations are partially known: the main hypotheses are represented by malnutrition and inflammatory response during the active phase of the disease. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can influence growth, but also the onset of puberty and its progression. In addition, it could be essential to clarify the role and the possible effects of all the currently used treatments concerning growth failure and delayed puberty.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jensen EA, Young JA, Mathes SC, List EO, Carroll RK, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Kopchick JJ, Murphy ER, Berryman DE. Crosstalk between the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and the gut microbiome: A new frontier for microbial endocrinology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101333. [PMID: 32717585 PMCID: PMC7938704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiota independently play an important role in host growth, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis. Inversely, abnormalities in GH action and microbial dysbiosis (or a lack of diversity) in the gut have been implicated in restricted growth, metabolic disorders (such as chronic undernutrition, anorexia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes), and intestinal dysfunction (such as pediatric Crohn's disease, colonic polyps, and colon cancer). Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated that the microbial impact on growth may be mediated through the GH/IGF-1 axis, pointing toward a potential relationship between GH and the gut microbiota. This review covers current research on the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiome and its influence on overall host growth, metabolism, and intestinal health, proposing a bidirectional relationship between GH and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hofmann I, Kemter E, Theobalt N, Fiedler S, Bidlingmaier M, Hinrichs A, Aichler M, Burkhardt K, Klymiuk N, Wolf E, Wanke R, Blutke A. Linkage between growth retardation and pituitary cell morphology in a dystrophin-deficient pig model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:6-16. [PMID: 31926372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly exhibit a short stature, but the pathogenesis of this growth retardation is not completely understood. Due to the suspected involvement of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF1) system, controversial therapeutic approaches have been developed, including both GH- administration, as well as GH-inhibition. In the present study, we examined relevant histomorphological and ultrastructural features of adenohypophyseal GH-producing somatotroph cells in a porcine DMD model. METHODS The numbers and volumes of immunohistochemically labelled somatotroph cells were determined in consecutive semi-thin sections of plastic resin embedded adenohypophyseal tissue samples using unbiased state-of-the-art quantitative stereological analysis methods. RESULTS DMD pigs displayed a significant growth retardation, accounting for a 55% reduction of body weight, accompanied by a significant 50% reduction of the number of somatotroph cells, as compared to controls. However, the mean volumes of somatotroph cells and the volume of GH-granules per cell were not altered. Western blot analyses of the adenohypophyseal protein samples showed no differences in the relative adenohypophyseal GH-abundance between DMD pigs and controls. CONCLUSION The findings of this study do not provide evidence for involvement of somatotroph cells in the pathogenesis of growth retardation of DMD pigs. These results are in contrast with previous findings in other dystrophin-deficient animal models, such as the golden retriever model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where increased mean somatotroph cell volumes and elevated volumes of intracellular GH-granules were reported and associated with DMD-related growth retardation. Possible reasons for the differences of somatotroph morphology observed in different DMD models are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Hofmann
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - N Theobalt
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Fiedler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Hinrichs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Burkhardt
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - N Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Centre and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oberschleißheim, Germany; Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saleri R, Cavalli V, Ferrari L, Ogno G, Canelli E, Martelli P, Borghetti P. Modulation of the somatotropic axis, adiponectin and cytokine secretion during highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (HP-PRRSV-1) infection. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:263-269. [PMID: 31003008 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to be clinically responsible for reproductive failure in sows and post-weaning respiratory disease in growing piglets. During the last years, highly pathogenic PRRSV isolates have been discovered. In Italy, a PRRSV-1 subtype 1 strain (namely PR40/2014) characterized by high pathogenicity was isolated and experimental infection was characterized in terms of virological/clinical features and immune modulation (Canelli et al., 2017; Ferrari et al., 2018). The present study was performed in 4-week-old pigs experimentally infected with the highly pathogenic PRRSV1_PR40/2014 (HP-PR40) or with the conventional PRRSV1_PR11/2014 (PR11). The aim was to evaluate the interrelation between plasmatic hormones and cytokines in infected pigs compared to uninfected controls in order to address potential effects on the course of an experimental infection. The time-related changes of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels appear to be modulated by the infection depending on the PRRSV isolate (HP-PR40 vs. PR11). In particular, in HP-PR40 infected animals, the association between high GH levels and viremia may testify the need to block the anabolic action of GH in order to shift available energy towards the immune response. This need appeared to be delayed in PR11 animals, given the lower pathogenicity of the isolate. Adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α course supports the hypothesis of GH resistance mechanisms to guarantee homeostasis in HP-PR40 animals and underlines the key role of energy availability in events leading to an effective response to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - V Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - G Ogno
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - E Canelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - P Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - P Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
[Inflammatory bowel disease with growth hormone deficiency in adolescents: an analysis of 4 cases and literature review]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21. [PMID: 30675861 PMCID: PMC7390184 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent non-specific inflammatory disease in the intestinal tract. About 10%-56% of children with Crohn's disease and about 10% of children with ulcerative colitis have growth retardation. This study reports four adolescents with IBD and growth hormone deficiency who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease. There were three boys and one girl, with an age of 11.0-13.9 years and a disease duration of 11-85 months at diagnosis. The four patients had the involvement of the small intestine only, the colon only, both the small intestine and the upper gastrointestinal tract, and both the small intestine and the colon respectively. The pediatric Crohn's disease activity index ranged from 27.5 to 45 points. All four patients had a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) of <-2, and the growth hormone provocative test suggested growth hormone deficiency. Of all four patients, two received recombinant human growth hormone combined with infliximab, one received infliximab only, and one received recombinant human growth hormone combined with mercaptopurine. All four patients had an improvement in HAZ after treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ishige T. Growth failure in pediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms, epidemiology, and management. Transl Pediatr 2019; 8:16-22. [PMID: 30881894 PMCID: PMC6382509 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2018.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of growth is recognized as one of the most significant complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pediatric patients. The reported incidence of growth failure at diagnosis is 15-40% in pediatric onset Crohn's disease (CD) and 3-10% in ulcerative colitis (UC). Growth failure is associated with decreased appetite, abdominal symptoms, malabsorption due to mucosal inflammation, growth hormone (GH) resistance due to inflammation, and even genetic factors. Several population-based studies and cohort studies suggest that patients with pre-pubertal onset CD have a higher risk of growth failure at disease onset. Final adult height is still lower than that of healthy controls; however, its prevalence is generally lower than that at the disease onset. Several IBD treatments were reported to improve patients' growth. In addition to enteral nutrition therapy, treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents was reported to have favorable effects on growth of patients with pre-pubertal onset CD. Avoiding corticosteroids (CS) and achieving deep remission seems to be important to maintain optimal growth in patients with pediatric onset IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Growth Hormone Receptor Mutations Related to Individual Dwarfism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051433. [PMID: 29748515 PMCID: PMC5983672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) promotes body growth by binding with two GH receptors (GHRs) at the cell surface. GHRs interact with Janus kinase, signal transducers, and transcription activators to stimulate metabolic effects and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) synthesis. However, process dysfunctions in the GH⁻GHR⁻IGF-1 axis cause animal dwarfism. If, during the GH process, GHR is not successfully recognized and/or bound, or GHR fails to transmit the GH signal to IGF-1, the GH dysfunction occurs. The goal of this review was to focus on the GHR mutations that lead to failures in the GH⁻GHR⁻IGF-1 signal transaction process in the dwarf phenotype. Until now, more than 90 GHR mutations relevant to human short stature (Laron syndrome and idiopathic short stature), including deletions, missense, nonsense, frameshift, and splice site mutations, and four GHR defects associated with chicken dwarfism, have been described. Among the 93 identified mutations of human GHR, 68 occur extracellularly, 13 occur in GHR introns, 10 occur intracellularly, and two occur in the transmembrane. These mutations interfere with the interaction between GH and GHRs, GHR dimerization, downstream signaling, and the expression of GHR. These mutations cause aberrant functioning in the GH-GHR-IGF-1 axis, resulting in defects in the number and diameter of muscle fibers as well as bone development.
Collapse
|
26
|
The pre-treatment characteristics and evaluation of the effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy in children with growth hormone deficiency and celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:69-75. [PMID: 29736148 PMCID: PMC5927175 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.74875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the coincidence of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and celiac disease (CD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients referred for short stature, and to evaluate the baseline anthropometric parameters and the effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in the first year in those patients (GHD+CD/IBD subgroup) in comparison to patients with GHD without CD or IBD (GHD-CD/IBD subgroup). Material and methods The study was retrospective and included 2196 short patients (height SDS [Standard Deviation Score] ≤ –1.2). 1454 patients had height SDS ≤ –2. Twenty-nine patients suffered from CD or IBD. GHD was confirmed in 419 patients with height SDS ≤ –2. The coexistence of GHD and CD or IBD was found in seven patients (GHD+CD/IBD subgroup). Results At baseline the GHD-CD/IBD subgroup did not differ significantly in chronological age, height SDS, height velocity (HV) before rhGH therapy, body weight SDS, and body mass index SDS from the GHD+CD/IBD subgroup. The improvement in height SDS within the first year of rhGH therapy was higher in the GHD+CD/IBD subgroup than in the GHD-CD/IBD subgroup and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). HV in the first year of rhGH therapy was also significantly higher in the GHD+CD/IBD subgroup than in the GHD-CD/IBD subgroup (p < 0.05). Conclusions In patients with chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, especially celiac disease, coexisting with GHD, rhGH therapy could be effective and should be administered together with therapy of primary gastrointestinal disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Treatment with Growth Hormone for Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Syndrome: Benefits and Risks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030893. [PMID: 29562611 PMCID: PMC5877754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults began in clinical practice more than 20 years ago. Since then, a great volume of experience has been accumulated on its effects on the symptoms and biochemical alterations that characterize this hormonal deficiency. The effects on body composition, muscle mass and strength, exercise capacity, glucose and lipid profile, bone metabolism, and quality of life have been fully demonstrated. The advance of knowledge has also taken place in the biological and molecular aspects of the action of this hormone in patients who have completed longitudinal growth. In recent years, several epidemiological studies have reported interesting information about the long-term effects of GH replacement therapy in regard to the possible induction of neoplasms and the potential development of diabetes. In addition, GH hormone receptor polymorphism could potentially influence GH therapy. Long-acting GH are under development to create a more convenient GH dosing profile, while retaining the excellent safety, efficacy, and tolerability of daily GH. In this article we compile the most recent data of GH replacement therapy in adults, as well as the molecular aspects that may condition a different sensitivity to this treatment.
Collapse
|
28
|
Soendergaard C, Kvist PH, Thygesen P, Reslow M, Nielsen OH, Kopchick JJ, Holm TL. Characterization of Growth Hormone Resistance in Experimental and Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102046. [PMID: 28946616 PMCID: PMC5666728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) resistance may develop as a consequence of inflammation during conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the specific role of the GH–insulin growth factor (IGF)-1-axis and/or the functional consequences of GH resistance in this condition are unclear. In situ hybridization targeting the GH receptor (GHR) and relevant transcriptional analyses were performed in patients with UC and in IL-10 knock-out mice with piroxicam accelerated colitis (PAC). Using cultured primary epithelial cells, the effects of inflammation on the molecular mechanisms governing GH resistance was verified. Also, the therapeutic potential of GH on mucosal healing was tested in the PAC model. Inflammation induced intestinal GH resistance in UC and experimental colitis by down-regulating GHR expression and up-regulating suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins. These effects are driven by pro-inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) as confirmed using primary epithelial cells. Treatment of experimental colitis with GH increased IGF-1 and body weight of the mice, but had no effects on colonic inflammation or mucosal healing. The high transcriptional similarity between UC and experimental colitis accentuates the formation of intestinal GH resistance during inflammation. Inflammation-induced GH resistance not only impairs general growth but induces a state of local resistance, which potentially impairs the actions of GH on mucosal healing during colitis when using long-acting GH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Soendergaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Haemophilia Research, Maaloev 2760, Denmark.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.
| | | | - Peter Thygesen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Haemophilia Research, Maaloev 2760, Denmark.
| | - Mats Reslow
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Haemophilia Research, Maaloev 2760, Denmark.
- Pila Pharma AB, 20512 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | - John Joseph Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute & Department of Biomedical Sciences, HCOM, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|