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Zheng L, Chen K, Xie Y, Huang J, Xia C, Bao YX, Bi H, Wang J, Zhou ZZ. Discovery of novel N 2-indazole derivatives as phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116710. [PMID: 39098133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive condition with a significant global burden. Currently, available treatments primarily provide symptomatic relief and retard disease progression, yet they do not offer a cure and are frequently associated with adverse effects. Therefore, the discovery of new targets and therapeutic drugs for IBD is crucial. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have emerged as promising candidates in the search for effective IBD treatments, although dose-dependent side effects hamper their clinical utility. In this study, building upon heterocyclic biaryl derivatives (TPA16), we designed and synthesized a series of N2-substituted indazole-based PDE4D inhibitors, emphasizing improving safety profiles. An enzyme activity screening discovered an optimized compound, LZ-14 (Z21115), which exhibited high PDE4D7 (IC50 = 10.5 nM) inhibitory activity and good selectivity. More interestingly, LZ-14 has demonstrated promising effects in treating IBD in mouse models by improving the inflammatory response and colon injury. Furthermore, LZ-14 displayed low emetogenic potential in ketamine/xylazine anesthesia mice alternative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaxi Huang
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuang Xia
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Xia Bao
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhou
- Innovation Program of Drug Research on Neurological and Metabolic Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Scalavino V, Piccinno E, Labarile N, Armentano R, Giannelli G, Serino G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of miR-369-3p via PDE4B in Intestinal Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8463. [PMID: 39126032 PMCID: PMC11312748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consist of a family of enzymes expressed in several types of cells, including inflammatory cells, that play a pivotal role in inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of PDE4 results in a reduced inflammatory response via PKA and CREB signaling. Hence, PDE4 suppression improves the inflammatory feedback typical of several diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that miR-369-3p regulates inflammatory responses, modulating different aspects of the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an additional anti-inflammatory effect of miR-369-3p targeting PDE4B, one of the widely expressed isoforms in immune cells. We found that miR-369-3p was able to reduce the expression of PDE4B, elevating the intracellular levels of cAMP. This accumulation increased the expression of PKA and pCREB, mitigating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. To prove that PDE4B is a good therapeutic target in IBD, we also demonstrate that the expression of PDE4B was increased in UC patients compared to healthy controls, affecting the immune infiltrate. PDE4B is considered an important player in inflammatory progression; hence, our results show the ability of miR-369-3p to ameliorate inflammation by targeting PDE4B, supporting its future application as a new therapeutic approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.S.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (R.A.)
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Bozkurt A, Karakoy Z, Aydin P, Ozdemir B, Toktay E, Halici Z, Cadirci E. Targeting Aquaporin-5 by Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibition Offers New Therapeutic Opportunities for Ovarian Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2021-2031. [PMID: 38453769 PMCID: PMC11217128 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition on Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) and its potential cell signaling pathway in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion (OIR) model. Thirty adult female rats were divided into five groups: Group 1; Control: Sham operation, Group 2; OIR that 3 hour ischemia followed by 3 hour reperfusion, Group 3; OIR + Rolipram 1 mg/kg, Group 4; OIR + Rolipram 3 mg/kg, Group 5; OIR + Rolipram 5 mg/kg. Rolipram was administered intraperitoneally to the rats in groups 3-4 and 5 at determined doses 30 minutes before reperfusion. From ovary tissue; Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AQP5 levels were measured by ELISA. We also measured the level of AQP5 in ovary tissue by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the OIR groups; TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, MAPK inflammatory levels increased, and cAMP and AQP5 levels decreased, which improved with the administration of rolipram doses. Also histopathological results showed damaged ovarian tissue after OIR, while rolipram administration decrased tissue damage in a dose dependent manner. We propose that the protective effect of PDE4 inhibition in OIR may be regulated by AQP5 and its potential cell signaling pathway and may be a new target in OIR therapy. However, clinical studies are needed to appraise these data in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Bozkurt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karakoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Pelin Aydin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Educational and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bengul Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Erdem Toktay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Massimino L, Palmieri O, Facoetti A, Fuggetta D, Spanò S, Lamparelli LA, D'Alessio S, Cagliani S, Furfaro F, D'Amico F, Zilli A, Fiorino G, Parigi TL, Noviello D, Latiano A, Bossa F, Latiano T, Pirola A, Mologni L, Piazza RG, Abbati D, Perri F, Bonini C, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Malesci A, Jairath V, Danese S, Ungaro F. Gut virome-colonising Orthohepadnavirus genus is associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and induces intestinal inflammation in vivo. Gut 2023; 72:1838-1847. [PMID: 36788014 PMCID: PMC10511988 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Gut virome dysbiosis is fundamental in UC progression, although its role in the early phases of the disease is far from fully understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of a virome-associated protein encoded by the Orthohepadnavirus genus, the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), in UC aetiopathogenesis. DESIGN HBx positivity of UC patient-derived blood and gut mucosa was assessed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing and correlated with clinical characteristics by multivariate analysis. Transcriptomics was performed on HBx-overexpressing endoscopic biopsies from healthy donors.C57BL/6 mice underwent intramucosal injections of liposome-conjugated HBx-encoding plasmids or the control, with or without antibiotic treatment. Multidimensional flow cytometry analysis was performed on colonic samples from HBx-treated and control animals. Transepithelial electrical resistance measurement, proliferation assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with sequencing and RNA-sequencing were performed on in vitro models of the gut barrier. HBx-silencing experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS HBx was detected in about 45% of patients with UC and found to induce colonic inflammation in mice, while its silencing reverted the colitis phenotype in vivo. HBx acted as a transcriptional regulator in epithelial cells, provoking barrier leakage and altering both innate and adaptive mucosal immunity ex vivo and in vivo. CONCLUSION This study described HBx as a contributor to the UC pathogenesis and provides a new perspective on the virome as a target for tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massimino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Fuggetta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Spanò
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Lamparelli
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cagliani
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Furfaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ferdinando D'Amico
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zilli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Noviello
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bossa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Mologni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Giovanni Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Danilo Abbati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm NGERE, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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Liu J, Di B, Xu LL. Recent advances in the treatment of IBD: Targets, mechanisms and related therapies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:1-12. [PMID: 37455149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a representative inflammatory disease, currently has multiple effective treatment options available and new therapeutic strategies are being actively explored to further increase the treatment options for patients with IBD. Furthermore, biologic agents and small molecule drugs developed for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have evolved toward fewer side effects and more accurate targeting. Novel inhibitors that target cytokines (such as IL-12/23 inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors), integrins (such as integrin inhibitors), cytokine signaling pathways (such as JAK inhibitors, SMAD7 blocker) and cell signaling receptors (such as S1P receptor modulator) have become the preferred treatment choice for many IBD patients. Conventional therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents continue to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, particularly in combination with drug therapy. This review integrates research from chemical, biological and adjuvant therapies to evaluate current and future IBD therapies, highlighting the mechanism of action of each therapy and emphasizing the potential of development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Oubaid EN, Abu-Raghif A, Al-Sudani IM. Ibudilast ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in rats via down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e98715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was carried out to explore the possible anti-inflammatory effect of ibudilast on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.
Methods: Fifty adult Wistar rats were separated into 5 groups, including the control group, acetic acid group, acetic acid + vehicle, acetic acid + sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day)group, and acetic acid + ibudilast (30 mg/kg/day) group. Colitis was induced in rats by the inter-rectal installation of 2 ml of 4% (v/v) acetic acid. Sulfasalazine and ibudilast were administered orally for ten days after 2 hours of induction.
Results: The treatment with ibudilast significantly reduced disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic colonic scores (MAC), and histopathological changes induced by acetic acid. Also, ibudilast markedly decreased the expression of proinflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) in colonic tissue. Moreover, ibudilast inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity that was increased by acetic acid.
Conclusion: Therefore, ibudilast may have a therapeutic effect in the management of ulcerative colitis.
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Bagalagel A, Diri R, Noor A, Almasri D, Bakhsh HT, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Curative effects of fucoidan on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor and phosphodiesterase-4. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:196. [PMID: 35870906 PMCID: PMC9308347 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. Fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharide of brown seaweed, demonstrates various pharmacological actions as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Therefore, we opt to investigate the potential curative effects of fucoidan in experimentally induced UC in rats through modulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Methods UC was induced in rats using intracolonic 2 ml of 4% acetic acid. Some rats were treated with 150 mg/kg fucoidan. Samples of colon were used to investigate gene and protein expression of AhR, PDE4, Nrf2, HO-1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Sections of colon were stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Alcian blue or immune-stained with anti-PDE4 antibodies. Results Investigation of hematoxylin/eosin stained micro-images of UC rats revealed damaged intestinal glands, severe hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, while sections stained with Alcian Blue revealed damaged and almost absent intestinal glands. UC results in elevated gene and protein expression of PDE4 associated with reduced gene and protein expression of AhR, IL-22, cAMP, Nrf2 and HO-1. Finally, UC increased the oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant activity in colon tissues. All morphological changes as well as gene and protein expressions were ameliorated by fucoidan. Conclusion Fucoidan could treat UC induced in rats. It restored the normal weight and length of colon associated with morphological improvement as found by examining sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Alcian Blue. The curative effects could be explained by enhancing antioxidant activity, reducing the expression of PDE4 and increasing the expression of AhR, IL-22 and cAMP.
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Wang M, Li Y, Su J, Bai J, Zhao Z, Sun Z. Protective effects of 4‐geranyloxy‐2,6‐dihydroxybenzophenonel on
DSS
‐induced ulcerative colitis in mice via regulation of
cAMP
/
PKA
/
CREB
and
NF‐κB
signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1330-1345. [PMID: 36428266 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum sampsonii Hance has traditionally been used to treat enteritis and diarrhea. As one of the main benzophenones isolated from H. sampsonii, 4-geranyloxy-2,6-dihydroxybenzophenonel (4-GDB) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects. However, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of 4-GDB in ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of 4-GDB in UC using a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Intragastric administration of 4-GDB (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 days significantly attenuated colonic injury, reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators, and improved colonic barrier function in mice with colitis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that 4-GDB could activate cAMP/PKA/CREB and inhibit the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, 4-GDB may be a potential agent for treating UC by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jianhui Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jingyan Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhanghua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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Lin Y, Su J, Wang M, Li Y, Zhao Z, Sun Z. Hypericumsampsonii attenuates inflammation in mice with ulcerative colitis via regulation of PDE4/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115447. [PMID: 35688258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum sampsonii Hance (Yuanbaocao), a traditional herbal medicine with various pharmacological properties, is traditionally used to treat diarrhea and enteritis in China for hundreds of years. Investigations have uncovered its anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding bioactive constituents in H. sampsonii, however, the mechanisms of action for the treatment of enteritis are still unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of H. sampsonii in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major ingredients of the ethyl acetate extract (HS) in H. sampsonii were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS. The inflammatory state of UC mice was caused by 3% DSS once daily for seven days. During DSS treatment, the mice in the positive drug group and the other three groups were orally administered 5-ASA (positive control) or HS daily. After treatment with HS or 5-ASA for a week, colonic pathological observation and the molecular biological index were performed for therapeutic evaluation, including visual inspection in the length and weight of colons and spleens, pathological morphology by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, determination of oxidative markers, inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in colonic tissues as well as spleen index. Gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes and PDE4 were detected using kits and PCR, while the expression of colonic tight junction proteins and relative signals of PKA/CREB signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS The main components in HS were found to be polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs). HS distinctly alleviated DSS-stimulated UC-like lesions symptoms as evidenced by a significant recovery from body weight, colon lengths, and histological injuries of colons. HS reduced the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved the mRNA level of IL-10. Simultaneously, the colonic mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-17, iNOS and COX-2 were all significantly suppressed by HS in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HS restored the protein expression of tight junction-associated protein (ZO-1 and occluding). Besides, HS significantly inhibited the protein level of PDE4 and decreased the expressions of PKA and phosphorylated CREB. CONCLUSION This is the first work about main composition and anti-UC effect of Hypericum sampsonii Hance. For the first time, this study reveals HS is not toxic in a single dose and exert significantly protective effect in DSS-colitis mice. The underlying mechanisms may involve the improvement to inflammatory status, the protection for intestinal barrier function, the inhibition of PDE4, and the activation of PKA/CREB signaling pathway. This study provided an experimental basis for the traditional application of H. sampsonii Hance in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinsi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhui Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhanghua Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Lugnier C. The Complexity and Multiplicity of the Specific cAMP Phosphodiesterase Family: PDE4, Open New Adapted Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10616. [PMID: 36142518 PMCID: PMC9502408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) play a major role in normal and pathologic signaling. Beyond receptors, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases; (PDEs) rapidly convert the cyclic nucleotide in its respective 5'-nucleotide to control intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP levels to maintain a normal physiological state. However, in many pathologies, dysregulations of various PDEs (PDE1-PDE11) contribute mainly to organs and tissue failures related to uncontrolled phosphorylation cascade. Among these, PDE4 represents the greatest family, since it is constituted by 4 genes with multiple variants differently distributed at tissue, cellular and subcellular levels, allowing different fine-tuned regulations. Since the 1980s, pharmaceutical companies have developed PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4-I) to overcome cardiovascular diseases. Since, they have encountered many undesired problems, (emesis), they focused their research on other PDEs. Today, increases in the knowledge of complex PDE4 regulations in various tissues and pathologies, and the evolution in drug design, resulted in a renewal of PDE4-I development. The present review describes the recent PDE4-I development targeting cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, malignancies, fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, depression, as well as COVID-19. Today, the direct therapeutic approach of PDE4 is extended by developing allosteric inhibitors and protein/protein interactions allowing to act on the PDE interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lugnier
- Section de Structures Biologiques, Pharmacologie et Enzymologie, CNRS/Unistra, CRBS, UR 3072, CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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11
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Liu H, Wang Q, Huang Y, Deng J, Xie X, Zhu J, Yuan Y, He YM, Huang YY, Luo HB, He X. Discovery of novel PDE4 inhibitors targeting the M-pocket from natural mangostanin with improved safety for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114631. [PMID: 35985255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders with iterative intestinal mucosal inflammation which remain unmet medical needs. PDE4 inhibitors were reported to be novel anti-IBD agents, but their clinical use was hampered by side effects such as emesis and nausea. Herein, structure-based discovery of natural mangostanin (1) targeting the M-pocket resulted in the novel and potent PDE4 inhibitor 22d (IC50 = 3.5 nM) and favorable physico-chemical properties. X-Ray study revealed that 22d interacted tightly with the M-pocket and maintained the key interactions between PDE4 and roflumilast. Worthy to note that compounds 22d and our previously reported 4e and 18a, originating from mangostanin, all caused no emesis on beagle dogs at the oral dose of 10 mg/kg, confirming the safety superiority of scaffold in mangostanin derivatives over that in positive roflumilast. Finally, administration of 22d (5.0 mg/kg, twice-daily) exhibited comparable anti-IBD effects to the positive control dipyridamole (25.0 mg/kg, twice-daily) in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice model, indicating its potential as a novel anti-IBD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jinhui Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Song Li' Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yue-Ming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Song Li' Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Song Li' Academician Workstation of Hainan University (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences), Yazhou Bay, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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12
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A large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis reveals shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer's disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders. Commun Biol 2022; 5:691. [PMID: 35851147 PMCID: PMC9293965 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with the concept of the gut-brain phenomenon, observational studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders; however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analyse several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics (N = 34,652-456,327), to assess the relationship of AD with GIT disorders. Findings reveal a positive significant genetic overlap and correlation between AD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastritis-duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis, but not inflammatory bowel disease. Cross-trait meta-analysis identifies several loci (Pmeta-analysis < 5 × 10-8) shared by AD and GIT disorders (GERD and PUD) including PDE4B, BRINP3, ATG16L1, SEMA3F, HLA-DRA, SCARA3, MTSS2, PHB, and TOMM40. Colocalization and gene-based analyses reinforce these loci. Pathway-based analyses demonstrate significant enrichment of lipid metabolism, autoimmunity, lipase inhibitors, PD-1 signalling, and statin mechanisms, among others, for AD and GIT traits. Our findings provide genetic insights into the gut-brain relationship, implicating shared but non-causal genetic susceptibility of GIT disorders with AD's risk. Genes and biological pathways identified are potential targets for further investigation in AD, GIT disorders, and their comorbidity.
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13
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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14
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Zhou F, Huang Y, Liu L, Song Z, Hou KQ, Yang Y, Luo HB, Huang YY, Xiong XF. Structure-based optimization of Toddacoumalone as highly potent and selective PDE4 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115123. [PMID: 35688178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an important drug target for inflammatory diseases. Previously, we identified a series of novel PDE4 inhibitors derived from the natural Toddacoumalone, among which the hit compound 2 with a naphthyridine scaffold showed moderate potency with the IC50 value of 400 nM. Based on the co-crystal structure of PDE4D-2, further structural optimizations and structure-activity relationship studies led to a highly potent PDE4 inhibitor 23a with the IC50 value of 0.25 nM and excellent selectivity profiles over other PDEs (>4000-fold). The co-crystal structure of PDE4D-23a elucidated that 23a has strong interactions with the M and Q pocket of PDE4D. Importantly, compound 23a significantly inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, compound 23a with a naphthyridine scaffold is a promising PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhendong Song
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ke-Qiang Hou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yifan Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, PR China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China.
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15
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Perez-Sanchez C, Barbera Betancourt A, Lyons PA, Zhang Z, Suo C, Lee JC, McKinney EF, Modis LK, Ellson C, Smith KG. miR-374a-5p regulates inflammatory genes and monocyte function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211366. [PMID: 35363256 PMCID: PMC8980842 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression controlling cellular processes including inflammation. We explored their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and identified reduced expression of miR-374a-5p in IBD monocytes that correlated with a module of up-regulated genes related to the inflammatory response. Key proinflammatory module genes, including for example TNFα, IL1A, IL6, and OSM, were inversely correlated with miR-374a-5p and were validated in vitro. In colonic biopsies, miR-374a-5p was again reduced in expression and inversely correlated with the same inflammatory module, and its levels predicted subsequent response to anti-TNF therapy. Increased miR-374a-5p expression was shown to control macrophage-driven inflammation by suppressing proinflammatory mediators and to reduce the capacity of monocytes to migrate and activate T cells. Our findings suggest that miR-374a-5p reduction is a central driver of inflammation in IBD, and its therapeutic supplementation could reduce monocyte-driven inflammation in IBD or other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Perez-Sanchez
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ariana Barbera Betancourt
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A. Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - James C. Lee
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eoin F. McKinney
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kenneth G.C. Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Song Z, Huang YY, Hou KQ, Liu L, Zhou F, Huang Y, Wan G, Luo HB, Xiong XF. Discovery and Structural Optimization of Toddacoumalone Derivatives as Novel PDE4 Inhibitors for the Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4238-4254. [PMID: 35188767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin disorder manifesting in abnormal skin plaques, and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is an effective target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Toddacoumalone is a natural PDE4 inhibitor with moderate potency and imperfect drug-like properties. To discover novel and potent PDE4 inhibitors with considerable druggability, a series of toddacoumalone derivatives were designed and synthesized, leading to the compound (2R,4S)-6-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,8-dimethyl-4-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-c][1,8]naphthyridin-5-one (33a) with high inhibitory potency (IC50 = 3.1 nM), satisfactory selectivity, favorable skin permeability, and a well-characterized binding mechanism. Encouragingly, topical administration of 33a exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Song
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Qiang Hou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Wan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, P. R. China
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17
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Zhou Y, Gao C, Vong CT, Tao H, Li H, Wang S, Wang Y. Rhein regulates redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in intestinal inflammation through macrophage-activated crosstalk. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1978-1997. [PMID: 34882785 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrophage infiltration and activation is a critical step during acute colitis. Redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in macrophages plays a critical role in mediating colonic inflammatory responses. Rhein isolated from the rhizome of rhubarb exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, its role in regulating acute colonic inflammation is unexplored. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of rhein during acute gut inflammation and its regulation in macrophage activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The inhibitory effect of rhein on Nlrp3 inflammasome was evaluated in activated macrophages and colitic mice. The expressions of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome complex and redox-related signaling were analyzed by ELISA kits, western blots, immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Besides, the phenotype of macrophages was also assessed by flow cytometry. Colonic inflammation was evaluated by histological analysis. KEY RESULTS Rhein significantly decreased IL-1β secretion via Nlrp3 inflammasome by disturbing its complex assembly in macrophages. Rhein also activated Nrf2-HO1-NQO1 pathway, inhibited Nox2 subunits expression and translocation to regulate redox balance. Moreover, rhein attenuated inflammatory responses by mediating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK signalings were also involved in improving inflammatory conditions by rhein. In mice with acute intestinal inflammation, rhein treatment attenuated clinical features, reduced macrophage infiltration into the damaged lesions to alleviate colonic inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Rhein regulated redox-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to protect against acute colitis, by interfering with macrophage accumulation and polarization. These findings provide a promising strategy of novel compounds for regulating mucosal inflammation in gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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18
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Li Y, Chen J, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Liu Z, Cong Y, Brasier AR, Pinchuk IV, Tian B, Zhou J. Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery Towards Novel Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S38-S62. [PMID: 34791293 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a class of severe and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with recurrent symptoms and significant morbidity. Long-term persistence of chronic inflammation in IBD is a major contributing factor to neoplastic transformation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Conversely, persistence of transmural inflammation in CD is associated with formation of fibrosing strictures, resulting in substantial morbidity. The recent introduction of biological response modifiers as IBD therapies, such as antibodies neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have replaced nonselective anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in disease management. However, a large proportion (~40%) of patients with the treatment of anti-TNF-α antibodies are discontinued or withdrawn from therapy because of (1) primary nonresponse, (2) secondary loss of response, (3) opportunistic infection, or (4) onset of cancer. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutics targeting specific signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD is urgently needed. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances in drug discovery of new small molecules in preclinical or clinical development for treating IBD that target biologically relevant pathways in mucosal inflammation. These include intracellular enzymes (Janus kinases, receptor interacting protein, phosphodiesterase 4, IκB kinase), integrins, G protein-coupled receptors (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) and inflammasome mediators (NLRP3), etc. We will also discuss emerging evidence of a distinct mechanism of action, bromodomain-containing protein 4, an epigenetic regulator of pathways involved in the activation, communication, and trafficking of immune cells. We highlight their chemotypes, mode of actions, structure-activity relationships, characterizations, and their in vitro/in vivo activities and therapeutic potential. The perspectives on the relevant challenges, new opportunities, and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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19
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Shi J, Ma W, Tang H. Research progress of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:659-665. [PMID: 34986542 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a recurrent chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes by mediating the hydrolysis of intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. In recent years, a series of researches suggest that PDE inhibitors such as several PDE4 inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostazol), PDE9 inhibitor (PF-04447943) and PDE3/PDE4 double inhibitor (pumafentrine) have ameliorating effect on experimental colitis in animals. In clinical trials, PDE4 inhibitor apremilast showed more therapeutic advantage than tetomilast. This article reviews the recent research progress of PDE inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Shi
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wangqian Ma
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ben Ghezala I, Charkaoui M, Michiels C, Bardou M, Luu M. Small Molecule Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070637. [PMID: 34209234 PMCID: PMC8308576 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), mainly represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are chronic disorders with an unclear pathogenesis. This incurable and iterative intestinal mucosal inflammation requires the life-long use of anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent flares or relapses, which are the major providers of complications, such as small bowel strictures and intestinal perforations. The introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors and other compounds, such as anti-IL12/23 and anti-alpha4/beta7 integrin monoclonal antibodies, has considerably improved the clinical management of IBDs. They are now the standard of care, being the first-line therapy in patients with aggressive disease and in patients with moderate to severe disease with an inadequate response to conventional therapy. However, for approximately one third of all patients, their efficacy remains insufficient by a lack or loss of response due to the formation of anti-drug antibodies or compliance difficulties with parenteral formulations. To address these issues, orally administered Small Molecules Drugs (SMDs) that use a broad range of novel pharmacological pathways, such as JAK inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, have been developed for CD and UC. This article provides an updated and complete review of the most recently authorized SMDs and SMDs in phase II/III development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Ben Ghezala
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Ophthalmology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Maëva Charkaoui
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Christophe Michiels
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marc Bardou
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maxime Luu
- INSERM, CIC1432, Plurithematic Unit, 21079 Dijon, France; (I.B.G.); (M.B.)
- Clinical Investigation Center, Plurithematic Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
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Picchianti-Diamanti A, Spinelli FR, Rosado MM, Conti F, Laganà B. Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase-4 in Psoriatic Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052638. [PMID: 33807944 PMCID: PMC7961737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a heterogeneous superfamily of enzymes which catalyze the degradation of the intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Among PDEs, PDE4 is the most widely studied and characterized isoenzyme. PDE4 blocking can lead to increased levels of intracellular cAMP, which results in down-regulation of inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, interferon-γ, while increasing regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Therefore, PDE4 has been explored as a therapeutic target for the treatment of different chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PsA shares clinical, genetic, and pathogenic features with IBD such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), and enteropathic spondyloarthritis (eSpA) represent a frequent clinical evidence of the overlap between gut and joint diseases. Current therapeutic options in PsA patients and underlying UC are limited to synthetic immunosuppressants and anti-TNF. Apremilast is an oral PDE4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of active PsA patients with inadequate response to synthetic immunosuppressants. The efficacy and a good safety profile observed in randomized clinical trials with apremilast in PsA patients have been confirmed by few studies in a real-life scenario. In addition, apremilast led to significant improvement in clinical and endoscopic features in UC patients in a phase II RCT. By now there are no available data regarding its role in eSpA patients. In view of the above, the use of apremilast in eSpA patients is a route that deserves to be deepened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.S.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Conti
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Bruno Laganà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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Modeling drug response using network-based personalized treatment prediction (NetPTP) with applications to inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008631. [PMID: 33544718 PMCID: PMC7891788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For many prevalent complex diseases, treatment regimens are frequently ineffective. For example, despite multiple available immunomodulators and immunosuppressants, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains difficult to treat. Heterogeneity in the disease across patients makes it challenging to select the optimal treatment regimens, and some patients do not respond to any of the existing treatment choices. Drug repurposing strategies for IBD have had limited clinical success and have not typically offered individualized patient-level treatment recommendations. In this work, we present NetPTP, a Network-based Personalized Treatment Prediction framework which models measured drug effects from gene expression data and applies them to patient samples to generate personalized ranked treatment lists. To accomplish this, we combine publicly available network, drug target, and drug effect data to generate treatment rankings using patient data. These ranked lists can then be used to prioritize existing treatments and discover new therapies for individual patients. We demonstrate how NetPTP captures and models drug effects, and we apply our framework to individual IBD samples to provide novel insights into IBD treatment. Offering personalized treatment results is an important tenant of precision medicine, particularly in complex diseases which have high variability in disease manifestation and treatment response. We have developed a novel framework, NetPTP (Network-based Personalized Treatment Prediction), for making personalized drug ranking lists for patient samples. Our method uses networks to model drug effects from gene expression data and applies these captured effects to individual samples to produce tailored drug treatment rankings. We applied NetPTP to inflammatory bowel disease, yielding insights into the treatment of this particular disease. Our method is modular and generalizable, and thus can be applied to other diseases that could benefit from a personalized treatment approach.
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Raja TW, Veeramuthu D, Savarimuthu I, Al-Dhabi NA. Current Trends in the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2602-2609. [PMID: 32066358 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200211122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in mankind. SLE's downregulation of T and B lymphocytes could cause the development of autoantibodies, which in turn attack cell surface, nuclear, and cytoplasmic molecules, creating immune complexes that harm tissues. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present review is to evaluate SLE's present therapeutic policies and raise consciousness about the disease. METHODS New therapies are rare for SLE. This is due to the complexity of the disease and its various manifestations. Three techniques are used to develop biological treatments for the illness: B-cell modulation, T-cell regulation and cytokine inhibition. This paper reviews the present trends in SLE therapy. RESULTS Each arm of the immune system is a prospective therapeutic development target for this disease; it involves B-cells, T-cells, interferon (IFN) and cytokines. To date, only one of these agents is been approved for use against lupus, belimumab which comes under B-cell therapy. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems are the objectives. Currently, although there is no full SLE remedy, drug therapy can minimize organ injury and control active disease, which relies on immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids. CONCLUSION It is possible to access SLE treatment in the form of T-cell, B-cell and anticytokine therapies. In these therapies, antibodies and antigens interactions play a major part. Another medication for treating SLE is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as hydroxychloroquine. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are another antiinflammatory treatment that suppresses the growth of cytokines related to inflammation and prevents the recruitment of leukocyte by reducing endothelial cell permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsius W Raja
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Naif A Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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H89 Treatment Reduces Intestinal Inflammation and Candida albicans Overgrowth in Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122039. [PMID: 33352792 PMCID: PMC7766101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the dynamic crosstalk between the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and immune cells is critically involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, including the human opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, on the migration of macrophages to C. albicans through dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-challenged Caco-2 cells. We also investigated the impact of H89 on intestinal inflammation and C. albicans clearance from the gut, and determined the diversity of the gut microbiota in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis. H89 reduced the migration of macrophages to C. albicans through DSS-challenged Caco-2 cells. In addition, H89 decreased C. albicans viability and diminished the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate immune receptors in macrophages and colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells. In mice with DSS-induced colitis, H89 attenuated the clinical and histological scores of inflammation and promoted the elimination of C. albicans from the gut. H89 administration to mice decreased the overgrowth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis populations while Lactobacillus johnsonii populations increased significantly. Overall, H89 reduced intestinal inflammation and promoted the elimination of C. albicans from the gut.
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Macrophages-targeting mannosylated nanoparticles based on inulin for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:206-215. [PMID: 33340633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present experimental series, we have developed a novel nanocomposite to target activated macrophages in the colon with real time imaging and therapeutic capabilities. This binary nanocomposite was formed by the covalent conjugation of mannosylated NPs (Man-NPs) with carbon dots (CDs). Man-NPs were prepared using a self-assembly method based on mannosylated decamethylenediamine-grafted carboxymethyl inulin amphiphilic acid. While, the CDs were synthesized using a simple bottom-up process using citric acid monohydrate and diethylenetriamine, which were tightly bonded to the Man-NPs surface by carbodimide coupling. The resulting nanocomposite had a uniform size of 241.3 nm with a negative charge and a high drug casing density of 25.54 wt% and blue self-fluorescence were emitted. Whereas, in vitro observation of cellular uptake indicated the greater nanocomposite uptake in inflamed macrophage as compared to the untreated macrophage and mannose receptor-negative cell lines, 4T1 respectively. However, in vivo bio distribution exhibited a large number (60%) of CDs/Man-NPs nanocomposite accumulated in the inflamed colon of colitis mice. It should be noted that the novel nanocomposite, as macrophage-targeted drug delivery, could have promise for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Efficacy of theobromine in preventing intestinal CaCo-2 cell damage induced by oxysterols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Small molecule drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: which one, when and why? - a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:669-677. [PMID: 32282548 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 'treat-to-target' era of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, small molecule drugs (SMDs) represent a promising alternative to biomolecular drugs. Moreover, increasing failure rates of anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents have contributed to the development of new molecules with different mechanisms of action and bioavailability. This review focuses on the positioning of new, orally targeted therapies in the treatment algorithm of both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with special consideration to their efficacy and safety. We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed and clinical trial registries to identify randomized controlled trials assessing SMDs in adult patients with moderate-to-severe IBD, irrespective of previous exposure to other biologics. In this review, we included 15 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators (S1P), SMAD blockers, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and α-4 antagonists. The primary endpoints in UC were achieved for tofacitinib in the phase III OCTAVE study and AJM-300, with a favorable safety profile. S1P receptor agonists, such as etrasimod and ozanimod, demonstrated favorable results in induction studies. For CD, filgotinib and upadacitinib also met the primary outcome criteria. Available data have demonstrated so far that SMDs have an advantageous safety and efficacy profile. However, their use in a clinical setting will eventually require a personalized, mechanism-based therapeutic approach.
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28
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Na SY, Moon W. Perspectives on Current and Novel Treatments for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gut Liver 2020; 13:604-616. [PMID: 31195433 PMCID: PMC6860034 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shifted from symptom control towards treat-to-target algorithms in order to optimize treatment results. The treatment of IBD has evolved with the development of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors beyond the conventional therapies. In spite of their long-term effectiveness, many patients do not respond to or cannot sustain treatment with these drugs, which have various side effects. Therefore, the development of new drugs targeting specific pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD has become necessary. Some novel biologics and small molecule drugs have shown potential in IBD clinical trials, providing safe and effective results. In addition, clinicians are now trying to target the dysbiotic microbiome of patients with IBD using fecal microbiota transplantation. New tools such as stem cells have also been developed. The available therapeutic options for IBD are expanding rapidly. In the next few years, physicians will face an unprecedented number of options when choosing the best treatments for patients with IBD. This review provides an overview of recent advances in IBD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Won Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Marafini I, Troncone E, Salvatori S, Monteleone G. TGF-β activity restoration and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition as therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104757. [PMID: 32194176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the better understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) pathogenesis has contributed to the identification of new therapeutic targets that can be modulated to induce and maintain disease remission. Monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40, and the integrin α4β7 and inhibitors of Janus kinase molecules are valid compounds to limit the function of molecules implicated in the control of IBD-related inflammation. However, not all patients respond to treatment with such drugs, some of them lose response over time and others develop serious side effects, such as infections or malignancies, which lead to the discontinuation of the therapy. Thus, an intensive research is ongoing with the goal to identify new targets and develop novel therapeutic options. In this context, restoration of TGF-β activity and inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PD4) represent two relevant strategies. TGF-β is an immunesuppressive cytokine, whose activity is severely impaired in IBD due to the abundance of the intracellular inhibitor Smad7. Knockdown of Smad7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide restores TGF-β signalling and dampens effector immune responses in pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials in Crohn's disease patients, even though a recent phase 3 trial was discontinued due to an apparent inefficacy. PD4 inhibition determines the increase of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a mechanism that decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production. A recent phase 2 study has shown that oral administration of PD4 associates with clinical benefit in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this article, we review the rationale and the available data relative to the use of these two agents in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marafini
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatori
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Shivaji UN, Nardone OM, Cannatelli R, Smith SC, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Small molecule oral targeted therapies in ulcerative colitis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:850-861. [PMID: 32171056 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis are increasing globally. Although the exact cause and pathogenesis of this disease is unclear, research has led to a better understanding of the condition and to identification of new targets for therapy, which in turn has encouraged the development of new therapies. As well as biologic therapies, which have changed the way inflammatory bowel disease is managed, small molecules have been developed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. These small molecule treatments are orally administered and are likely to bring a substantial shift in the way this chronic disease is treated. Oral therapies offer many advantages over infusion therapies, such as ease of use, increased acceptability by patients, and reduction of cost. This Review focuses not only on oral therapies that have been approved for use in ulcerative colitis, but also on those that are in development, providing a comprehensive overview for clinicians of available oral therapies and drugs that are likely to become available. We have also reviewed drugs that have shown promise in preclinical studies and could be effective future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday N Shivaji
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel Cl Smith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK; Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Lourenço EMG, Fernandes JM, Carvalho VDF, Grougnet R, Martins MA, Jordão AK, Zucolotto SM, Barbosa EG. Identification of a Selective PDE4B Inhibitor From Bryophyllum pinnatum by Target Fishing Study and In Vitro Evaluation of Quercetin 3- O-α-L-Arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)- O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1582. [PMID: 32038254 PMCID: PMC6987432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are considered an important source of bioactive compounds especially in biodiversity-rich countries like Brazil. The identification of potential targets is crucial to the development of drugs from natural sources. In this context, in silico methodologies, such as inverse virtual screening (target fishing), are interesting tools as they are a rational and direct method that reduces costs and experimental time. Among the species of Brazilian biomes, Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, native to Madagascar, is widely used by the population to treat inflammation conditions. It has a remarkable presence of flavonoids, including quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), considered one of its major compounds. However, until now there were no studies addressing its putative mechanism of action and explaining its pharmacological action. The enzyme PDE4B, known as an antiinflammatory protein, was indicated as a promising target by target fishing methods. This activity was confirmed by in vitro enzymatic inhibition, and an expressive selectivity of PDE4B over PDE4A was demonstrated. The interactions were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The results were pioneering, representing an advance in the investigation of the antiinflammatory action of B. pinnatum and confirm the potential of the flavonoid as a chemical extract marker. Also, the flavonoid was shown to be a promising lead for the design of other selective PDE4B blockers to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela M G Lourenço
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Computacional, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Fernandes
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Grougnet
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marco A Martins
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro K Jordão
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Computacional, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Euzébio G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Computacional, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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32
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He W, Kapate N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Drug delivery to macrophages: A review of targeting drugs and drug carriers to macrophages for inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 165-166:15-40. [PMID: 31816357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which enables macrophages to respond to subtle cues in tightly coordinated ways. However, when this coordination is disrupted, macrophages can aid the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. The central link between these disorders is aberrant macrophage polarization, which misguides their functional programs, secretory products, and regulation of the surrounding tissue microenvironment. As a result of their important and deterministic roles in both health and disease, macrophages have gained considerable attention as targets for drug delivery. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of various inflammatory diseases, summarize the leading drugs used to regulate macrophages, and review drug delivery systems designed to target macrophages. We emphasize strategies that are approved for clinical use or are poised for clinical investigation. Finally, we provide a prospectus of the future of macrophage-targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Takeno
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Luchowska-Stańska U, Morgan D, Yarwood SJ, Barker G. Selective small-molecule EPAC activators. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1415-1427. [PMID: 31671184 PMCID: PMC6824682 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cellular signalling enzymes, EPAC1 and EPAC2, have emerged as key intracellular sensors of the secondary messenger cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) alongside protein kinase A. Interest has been galvanised in recent years thanks to the emergence of these species as potential targets for new cardiovascular disease therapies, including vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells. We herein summarise the current state-of-the-art in small-molecule EPAC activity modulators, including cyclic nucleotides, sulphonylureas, and N-acylsulphonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Luchowska-Stańska
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics, and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - David Morgan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics, and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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Abstract
Prior to the biologic era, the medical management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was dominated by the use of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants. In the past two decades, the advent of biologic agents that target specific components of the immune response has greatly improved the care of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, not all patients respond or maintain response to biologic therapy and some patients develop adverse events that necessitate treatment discontinuation. Furthermore, sensitization with formation of anti-drug antibodies is an inherent limitation to administration of monoclonal antibodies. This circumstance has generated renewed interest in the development of novel oral small-molecule drugs (SMDs) that are effective and well tolerated. Several classes of SMDs are currently progressing through the pipeline and offer the promise of oral delivery and high potency. In this review, we summarize different mechanisms of oral drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract, highlight key findings from phase II and III randomized trials of novel oral SMDs, and discuss how oral SMDs are likely to be integrated into future IBD treatment paradigms. The most advanced development programs currently involve evaluation of compounds blocking Janus kinase (JAK) receptors or modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Tofacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe UC. Several more selective JAK-1 inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, have also shown positive results in phase II studies and are currently enrolling in phase III development programs. Similarly, ozanimod, an S1P1 and S1P5 receptor agonist, has shown early favorable results and is enrolling in phase III trials. As these and other novel oral SMDs come to market, several questions will need to be answered. The cost effectiveness, comparative treatment efficacy, predictors of response, and relative safety of oral SMDs compared to existing therapies will need to be evaluated. Given the modest efficacy rates observed with both biologic therapies and novel SMDs to date, the potential for combination therapy based on a non-sensitizing oral option is promising and may be facilitated by development of organ-specific therapies with pharmacodynamic activity restricted to the gut to minimize systemic toxicity.
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Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:531-543. [PMID: 31312042 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis as they discriminate between innocuous antigens and potential pathogens to maintain oral tolerance. However, in individuals with a genetic and environmental predisposition, regulation of intestinal immunity is impaired, leading to chronic relapsing immune activation and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as IBD. As evidence suggests a causal link between defects in the resolution of intestinal inflammation and altered monocyte-macrophage differentiation in patients with IBD, macrophages have been considered as a novel potential target to develop new treatment approaches. This Review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and function of intestinal macrophages in homeostasis and inflammation, and their role in resolving the inflammatory process. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the specification of intestinal macrophages might lead to a new class of targets that promote remission in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yoo JH, Donowitz M. Intestinal enteroids/organoids: A novel platform for drug discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4125-4147. [PMID: 31435168 PMCID: PMC6700704 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies followed by anti-integrins has dramatically changed the therapeutic paradigm of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Furthermore, a newly developed anti-p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 (ustekinumab) has been recently approved in the United States for patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease who have failed treatment with anti-TNFs. However, these immunosuppressive therapeutics which focus on anti-inflammatory mechanisms or immune cells still fail to achieve long-term remission in a significant percentage of patients. This strongly underlines the need to identify novel treatment targets beyond immune suppression to treat IBD. Recent studies have revealed the critical role of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions of epithelial cells contribute to the development of IBD. In addition, the recent establishment of adult stem cell-derived intestinal enteroid/organoid culture technology has allowed an exciting opportunity to study human IECs comprising all normal epithelial cells. This long-term epithelial culture model can be generated from endoscopic biopsies or surgical resections and recapitulates the tissue of origin, representing a promising platform for novel drug discovery in IBD. This review describes the advantages of intestinal enteroids/organoids as a research tool for intestinal diseases, introduces studies with these models in IBD, and gives a description of the current status of therapeutic approaches in IBD. Finally, we provide an overview of the current endeavors to identify a novel drug target for IBD therapy based on studies with human enteroids/organoids and describe the challenges in using enteroids/organoids as an IBD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, South Korea
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Potdar AA, Li D, Haritunians T, VanDussen KL, Fiorino MF, Liu TC, Stappenbeck TS, Fleshner P, Targan SR, McGovern DPB, Bilsborough J. Ileal Gene Expression Data from Crohn's Disease Small Bowel Resections Indicate Distinct Clinical Subgroups. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1055-1066. [PMID: 30877309 PMCID: PMC6939877 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heterogeneity in Crohn's disease [CD] provides a challenge for the development of effective therapies. Our goal was to define a unique molecular signature for severe, refractory CD to enable precision therapy approaches to disease treatment and to facilitate earlier intervention in complicated disease. METHODS We analysed clinical metadata, genetics, and transcriptomics from uninvolved ileal tissue from CD patients who underwent a single small bowel resection. We determined transcriptional risk scores, cellular signatures, and mechanistic pathways that define patient subsets in refractory CD. RESULTS Within refractory CD, we found three CD patient subgroups [CD1, CD2, and CD3]. Compared with CD1, CD3 was enriched for subjects with increased disease recurrence after first surgery [OR = 6.78, p = 0.04], enhanced occurrence of second surgery [OR = 5.07, p = 0.016], and presence of perianal CD [OR = 3.61, p = 0.036]. The proportion of patients with recurrence-free survival was smaller in CD3 than in CD1 (p = 0.02, median survival time [months] in CD1 = 10 and CD3 = 6). Overlaying differential gene expression between CD1 and CD3 on CD subgroup-associated genetic polymorphisms identified 174 genes representing both genetic and biological differences between the CD subgroups. Pathway analyses using this unique gene signature indicated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 [eIF2] and cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] signalling to be dominant pathways associated with CD3. Furthermore, the severe, refractory subset, CD3, was associated with a higher transcriptional risk score and enriched with eosinophil and natural killer T [NKT] cell gene signatures. CONCLUSION We characterized a subset of severe, refractory CD patients who may need more aggressive treatment after first resection and who are likely to benefit from targeted therapy based on their genotype and tissue gene expression signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka A Potdar
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marie F Fiorino
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephan R Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janine Bilsborough
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA,Corresponding author: Janine Bilsborough, IBD Drug Development Unit, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8693 Wilshire Blvd, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA. Tel: 310-423-7797; Fax: 310-423-0224;
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Olisova OY, Svistunova DA, Chernyavskaya LM, Anpilogova EM. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2019. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2019-95-2-74-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, especially moderate and severe, represents difficulties. Recently, various methods of molecular medicine have been actively developed, however, targeted therapy deserves special attention, which consists of chemical agents that have specific target as a specific protein or enzyme. Targeted therapy is a promising direction in many branches of medicine, especially in dermatology.Despite the wide range of biological products, their use may be accompanied by an increased risk of infectious processes and malignant neoplasms, which makes the search for a new pharmacological solution in targeted therapy even more relevant.This review presents the possibilities and prospects for the therapeutic use of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor from the group of small molecules — apremilast, primarily in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yu. Olisova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - D. A. Svistunova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - L. M. Chernyavskaya
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E. M. Anpilogova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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40
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Li H, Fan C, Feng C, Wu Y, Lu H, He P, Yang X, Zhu F, Qi Q, Gao Y, Zuo J, Tang W. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 attenuates murine ulcerative colitis through interference with mucosal immunity. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2209-2226. [PMID: 30883697 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an aetiologically refractory inflammatory disease, accompanied by dysfunction of the epithelial barrier and intestinal inflammation. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) serves as an intracellular proinflammatory enzyme, hydrolyzing and inactivating cAMP. Though PDE4 inhibitors have been approved for pulmonary and dermatological diseases, the role of PDE4 inhibition in modulating mucosal immunity in the intestine remains ill-defined. This study was designed to explore whether PDE4 inhibition by apremilast exerts protective effects in dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine UC. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intestinal inflammation and disease severity were evaluated by morphological, histopathological and biochemical assays, and in vivo imaging. Expression of inflammatory mediators, components of PDE4-mediated pathways in colon and macrophages were determined using quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, Luminex assay, immunostaining, or western blotting, along with siRNA knockdown. Immune cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and colonic lamina propria were analysed by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS Apremilast attenuated clinical features of UC, suppressing microscopic colon damage, production of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stresses, and fibrosis. Apremilast also promoted epithelial barrier function and inhibited infiltration of immune cells into inflamed tissues, through decreasing expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. Furthermore, in UC, PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D were highly expressed in colon. Apremilast not only inhibited PDE4 isoform expression but also activated PKA-CREB and Epac-Rap1 pathways and subsequently suppressed MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K-mTOR, and JAK-STAT-SOCS3 activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of PDE4 by apremilast protected against UC, by interfering with mucosal immunity. These findings represent a promising strategy for regulating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilan He
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhuo Gao
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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41
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Friedrich M, Pohin M, Powrie F. Cytokine Networks in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Immunity 2019; 50:992-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Afra TP, Razmi TM, Dogra S. Apremilast in Psoriasis and Beyond: Big Hopes on a Small Molecule. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:1-12. [PMID: 30775293 PMCID: PMC6362739 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_437_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apremilast, an orally administered small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), has been licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of active psoriatic arthritis (March 21, 2014) and moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (September 23, 2014). It has got approval from Drug Controller General of India for marketing in India in 2017. The drug has drawn much attention from the practising dermatologists for its commendable safety profile and prescription convenience. Introduced initially as an orally administered small molecule in psoriasis patients, the drug has now been used in various other indications as evident by the recent surge in literature for its off-label uses. Being a relatively new drug in the treatment armamentarium of psoriasis and other inflammatory dermatoses; in this review, we will discuss various practical aspects of prescribing oral apremilast, based on the current and emerging literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Afra
- Department of Dermatology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - T Muhammed Razmi
- Department of Dermatology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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43
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Li H, Zuo J, Tang W. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1048. [PMID: 30386231 PMCID: PMC6199465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune cells, epithelial cells, and brain cells, manifests as an intracellular non-receptor enzyme that modulates inflammation and epithelial integrity. Inhibition of PDE4 is predicted to have diverse effects via the elevation of the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the subsequent regulation of a wide array of genes and proteins. It has been identified that PDE4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diverse pulmonary, dermatological, and severe neurological diseases. Over the past decades, numerous PDE4 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, among which roflumilast, apremilast, and crisaborole were approved for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis, respectively. It is regrettable that the dramatic efficacies of a drug are often accompanied by adverse effects, such as nausea, emesis, and gastrointestinal reactions. However, substantial advances have been made to mitigate the adverse effects and obtain better benefit-to-risk ratio. This review highlights the dialectical role of PDE4 in drug discovery and the disquisitive details of certain PDE4 inhibitors to provide an overview of the topics that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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44
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Su HJ, Chiu YT, Chiu CT, Lin YC, Wang CY, Hsieh JY, Wei SC. Inflammatory bowel disease and its treatment in 2018: Global and Taiwanese status updates. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:1083-1092. [PMID: 30054112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 2-4 decades, likely because of the adoption of a more "western" lifestyle as well as improved detection and awareness, and Taiwan is no exception. To characterize the increasing burden of IBD, we conducted a comprehensive review of IBD in the existing literature. The following parameters were reviewed: background knowledge and current standard care for IBD, including natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. In addition, new imaging modalities and treatment options such as combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance enterography, new biologic agents, small-molecule therapy, biosimilar therapeutics, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, and fecal microbiota transplantation, all of which have been introduced for IBD management, were reviewed. We also used the hospital-based as well as population-based Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to assess Taiwan-specific trends for comparison with global trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Jyun Su
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Chiu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Tai Chiu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Lin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ying Hsieh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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45
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Al-Dwairi A, Alqudah TE, Al-Shboul O, Alqudah M, Mustafa AG, Alfaqih MA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/nuclear factor-κB pathway in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:95-109. [PMID: 29593427 PMCID: PMC5865574 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s152835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo substantial morphological, phenotypic, and contractile changes during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SMCs act as a source and target for different inflammatory mediators, however their role in IBD pathogenesis is usually overlooked. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone reported to exert multiple anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues including the gastrointestinal tract through various mechanisms. Aim The aim of this research is to explore the effect of GLP-1 analog exendin-4 on the expression and secretion of inflammatory markers from mouse colon smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Freshly isolated CSMCs from male BALB/c mice were cultured in DMEM and treated with vehicle, LPS (1 μg/mL), LPS+exendin-4 (50 nM), or LPS+exendin-4 (100 nM) for 24 h. Expression of inflammatory cytokines was then evaluated by antibody array membrane. Results CSMCs showed basal expression of several cytokines which was enhanced with the induction of inflammation by LPS. However, exendin-4 (50 and 100 nM) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the expression of multiple cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), T cell activation gene-3 (TCA-3), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). To confirm these results, expression of these cytokines was further assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction and similar results were also observed. Moreover, secretion of TNF-α and IL1-α into the conditioned media was significantly downregulated by exendin-4 when compared to LPS-treated cells. Furthermore, LPS increased NF-κB phosphorylation, while exendin-4 significantly reduced levels of NF-κB phosphorylation. Conclusion These data indicate that GLP-1 analogs can exert significant anti-inflammatory effects on CSMCs and can potentially be used as an adjunct treatment for inflammatory bowel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara E Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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