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Tachaveeraphong W, Phattarataratip E. The Significance of Modified Histone H3 in Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Cancer. Int Dent J 2024; 74:769-776. [PMID: 38326164 PMCID: PMC11287179 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral carcinogenesis is complex and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic changes. Altered histone modification is the epigenetic event that plays a role in cancer development and progression. Distinct modification patterns of histones have been shown to affect patient prognosis in selected cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the profiles of histone H3 modification in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in association with the clinical-pathologic characteristics. METHODS One hundred patients were divided into 4 groups: low-grade OED, high-grade OED, OSCC, and normal oral mucosa (NOM). The levels of 3 types of histone modification-the H3K18ac, H3K9me3, and H3K9ac-were analysed immunohistochemically. Their expression profiles were compared and correlated with prognostically relevant clinical and pathologic features. RESULTS The H3K18ac and H3K9me3 were upregulated in OSCC, compared with OED and NOM. In contrast, the H3K9ac was downregulated in low-grade OED but increased in high-grade OED and OSCC. The hyperacetylations of H3K18 and H3K9 significantly correlated with advanced cancer depth of invasion and high T stage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Histone H3 acetylation and methylation at lysine residues are differentially involved in the multistep oral carcinogenesis and impact aggressive cancer phenotypes. The effect of H3K9ac appears early in OED development, whilst the increased H3K18ac and H3K9me3 may be vital in the emergence of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekarat Phattarataratip
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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2
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Gauss C, Stone LD, Ghafouri M, Quan D, Johnson J, Fribley AM, Amm HM. Overcoming Resistance to Standard-of-Care Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cells 2024; 13:1018. [PMID: 38920648 PMCID: PMC11201455 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although there have been some advances during in recent decades, the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains challenging. Resistance is a major issue for various treatments that are used, including both the conventional standards of care (radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy) and the newer EGFR and checkpoint inhibitors. In fact, all the non-surgical treatments currently used for HNSCC are associated with intrinsic and/or acquired resistance. Herein, we explore the cellular mechanisms of resistance reported in HNSCC, including those related to epigenetic factors, DNA repair defects, and several signaling pathways. This article discusses these mechanisms and possible approaches that can be used to target different pathways to sensitize HNSCC to the existing treatments, obtain better responses to new agents, and ultimately improve the patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Gauss
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Logan D. Stone
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Mehrnoosh Ghafouri
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniel Quan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (D.Q.)
| | - Jared Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (D.Q.)
| | - Andrew M. Fribley
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.G.); (M.G.)
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (D.Q.)
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hope M. Amm
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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3
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Pan Z, Hu W, Huang J, Zheng Z, Lin E, Wang P, Mao L. Increased FGL1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes EMT in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2066-2081. [PMID: 37843652 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a proliferation- and metabolism-related factor secreted by the liver that is aberrantly expressed and functionally abnormal in human malignancies. However, the role of FGL1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. We analysed FGL1 expression in HNSCC and its impact on patient survival using the TCGA database. The role of FGL1 in HNSCC cells was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. In addition, we conducted in vivo experiments to assess the effect of FGL1 knockdown on tumour growth. We found that FGL1 was highly expressed in HNSCC and correlated with a poor prognosis. Downregulation of FGL1 expression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells. Furthermore, mechanistic analysis revealed that FGL1 induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and, thus, the malignant progression of HNSCC cells. Finally, xenograft models showed that FGL1 knockdown significantly inhibited EMT in HNSCC in vivo. Our study revealed that FGL1, an oncogene, promotes the malignant progression of HNSCC, providing new perspective on and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiqun Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinqiao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhicong Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - Enrun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - PingPing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linwei Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, PR China.
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4
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Song D, Dai X, Fu M, Sun Y, Wu X, Zhou Q, Bi W, Sun J, Yang F, Yu Y. Insights into the role of the N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP3 in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its connection to cell-cycle control. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101932. [PMID: 38492500 PMCID: PMC10959721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been extensively characterized via bulk sequencing, revealing a multitude of genetic changes. The gene IGF2BP3, which encodes for the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3, has been observed to be highly expressed in several types of cancer. This finding suggests that IGF2BP3 may play a significant role in the initiation and advancement of cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which IGF2BP3 contribute to OSCC are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we have observed that IGF2BP3 exhibits overexpression in OSCC. Based on our findings from bulk sequencing analysis, we have concluded that IGF2BP3 could potentially serve as a biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in OSCC. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that IGF2BP3 exhibits a significant association with the initiation and advancement of tumors both in vivo and in vitro. The evaluation of IGF2BP3 expression levels in relation to the cell cycle stage was conducted using single-cell RNA sequencing data. Tumor cells characterized by elevated IGF2BP3 expression demonstrated a higher percentage of cells in the G2/M transition phase. This study presents new findings indicating that the molecular target IGF2BP3 can serve as a prognostic indicator for tumors and has an impact on the development and progression of OSCC by influencing the regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jing-An Dental Clinic, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Minna Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingwen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianrong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Révész M, Oberna F, Slezák A, Tóth E, Ferenczi Ö, Kenessey I, Takácsi-Nagy Z. EZH2 Expression in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Cancer in Young Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5250. [PMID: 38791289 PMCID: PMC11121619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
EZH2 (Enhancer of zeste homolog 2) promotes tumor growth and survival through numerous mechanisms and is a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches. We aimed to characterize the expression of EZH2 in the tumors of young head-and-neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients in comparison with the general HNSCC patient population. We used formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 68 random young HNSCC patients (≤39 years, median age: 36 years; diagnosed between 2000 and 2018), which were compared with the samples of 58 age- and gender-matched general HNSCC subjects (median age: 62 years; all diagnosed in the year 2014). EZH2 and p53 expression of the tumors was detected using immunohistochemical staining. Lower EZH2 expression was found to be characteristic of the tumors of young HNSCC patients as opposed to the general population (median EZH2 staining intensity: 1 vs. 1.5 respectively, p < 0.001; median fraction of EZH2 positive tumor cells: 40% vs. 60%, respectively, p = 0.003, Mann-Whitney). Cox analysis identified a more advanced T status (T3-4 vs. T1-2), a positive nodal status, and alcohol consumption, but neither intratumoral EZH2 nor p53 were identified as predictors of mortality in the young patient group. The lower EZH2 expression of young HNSCC patients' tumors discourages speculations of a more malignant phenotype of early-onset tumors and suggests the dominant role of patient characteristics. Furthermore, our results might indicate the possibility of an altered efficacy of the novel anti-EZH2 therapies in this patient subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Révész
- Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Center, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Oberna
- Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Center, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - András Slezák
- Center of Tumor Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Erika Tóth
- Center of Tumor Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Örs Ferenczi
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Kenessey
- Hungarian Cancer Registry, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
- National Tumor Laboratory Project, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Tumor Laboratory Project, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Lim I, Tan J, Alam A, Idrees M, Brenan PA, Coletta RD, Kujan O. Epigenetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:90-106. [PMID: 38316046 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant epigenetic modifications significantly develop and progress human malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Taking into account issues of late diagnosis and poor prognosis associated with HNSCC, this systematic review is designed to provide an up-to-date insight of epigenetic changes in the management of HNSCC. METHODS All studies that assessed the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) among patients diagnosed with HNSCC or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) were considered for inclusion till June 2023. Pre-defined Medical Subject Headings terms were used to search Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase Ovid databases. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion with a total number of 3790 samples (2123 HNSCCs, 334 OPMDs and 1333 as controls). DNA methylation was investigated in 18 studies while the role of histone modifications was assessed in seven studies. The most investigated biomarkers among the studies were H3, DAPK and TIMP3. The diagnostic accuracy of the epigenetic biomarkers in detecting HNSCC was assessed in eight studies where the following biomarkers showed the highest area under the curve values: TIPM3, DCC, DAPK, SEPT9, SHOX9, HOXA9 and TRH. None of the studies assessed the predictability of the epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC and OPMDs. CONCLUSION Although initial promising results were seen using the epigenetic biomarkers in the early detection of HNSCC, the limited number of patients and the absence of well-designed longitudinal studies limit the clinical applicability of the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lim
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jade Tan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anneka Alam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter A Brenan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Yasothkumar D, Ramalingam K, Ramani P. EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS DRIVING ONCOGENESIS IN HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:393-396. [PMID: 38186015 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.03.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To the Editor, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN- SCC) accounts for about 600,000 new cases globally every year and stands the sixth most common cancer, arising from the squamous epithelium. It is localized in the head and neck area involving oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Despite the rigorous therapy, the 5-year overall survival remains poor in HNSCC and has not changed appreciably in the last 30 years. The majority of patients develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and cancer progression occurs. Cetuximab, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor, and pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed-death ligand 1 antibody, are among few FDA-approved medications. Current therapies are poor and cause severe long-term toxicity, which has a long-term impact on the quality of life [1].......
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yasothkumar
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - K Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - P Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Gil-Martín E, Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Egea J, Romero A. Potential of melatonin to reverse epigenetic aberrations in oral cancer: new findings. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1280-1310. [PMID: 38234969 PMCID: PMC10792176 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
It is now an accepted principle that epigenetic alterations cause cellular dyshomeostasis and functional changes, both of which are essential for the initiation and completion of the tumor cycle. Oral carcinogenesis is no exception in this regard, as most of the tumors in the different subsites of the oral cavity arise from the cross-reaction between (epi)genetic inheritance and the huge challenge of environmental stressors. Currently, the biochemical machinery is put at the service of the tumor program, halting the cell cycle, triggering uncontrolled proliferation, driving angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, until the archetypes of the tumor phenotype are reached. Melatonin has the ability to dynamically affect the epigenetic code. It has become accepted that melatonin can reverse (epi)genetic aberrations present in oral and other cancers, suggesting the possibility of enhancing the oncostatic capacity of standard multimodal treatments by incorporating this indolamine as an adjuvant. First steps in this direction confirm the potential of melatonin as a countermeasure to mitigate the detrimental side effects of conventional first-line radiochemotherapy. This single effect could produce synergies of extraordinary clinical importance, allowing doses to be increased and treatments not to be interrupted, ultimately improving patients' quality of life and prognosis. Motivated by the urgency of improving the medical management of oral cancer, many authors advocate moving from in vitro and preclinical research, where the bulk of melatonin cancer research is concentrated, to systematic randomized clinical trials on large cohorts. Recognizing the challenge to improve the clinical management of cancer, our motivation is to encourage comprehensive and robust research to reveal the clinical potential of melatonin in oral cancer control. To improve the outcome and quality of life of patients with oral cancer, here we provide the latest evidence of the oncolytic activity that melatonin can achieve by manipulating epigenetic patterns in oronasopharyngeal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Saikia PJ, Pathak L, Mitra S, Das B. The emerging role of oral microbiota in oral cancer initiation, progression and stemness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198269. [PMID: 37954619 PMCID: PMC10639169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among the Head and Neck cancer. OSCCs are highly inflammatory, immune-suppressive, and aggressive tumors. Recent sequencing based studies demonstrated the involvement of different oral microbiota in oral cavity diseases leading OSCC carcinogenesis, initiation and progression. Researches showed that oral microbiota can activate different inflammatory pathways and cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated stemness pathways for tumor progression. We speculate that CSCs and their niche cells may interact with the microbiotas to promote tumor progression and stemness. Certain oral microbiotas are reported to be involved in dysbiosis, pre-cancerous lesions, and OSCC development. Identification of these specific microbiota including Human papillomavirus (HPV), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) provides us with a new opportunity to study the bacteria/stem cell, as well as bacteria/OSCC cells interaction that promote OSCC initiation, progression and stemness. Importantly, these evidences enabled us to develop in-vitro and in-vivo models to study microbiota interaction with stem cell niche defense as well as CSC niche defense. Thus in this review, the role of oral microbiota in OSCC has been explored with a special focus on how oral microbiota induces OSCC initiation and stemness by modulating the oral mucosal stem cell and CSC niche defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Jyoti Saikia
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Lekhika Pathak
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Shirsajit Mitra
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Infectious Diseases, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Research Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
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10
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Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37736748 PMCID: PMC10517027 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengtong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Aghiorghiesei O, Irimie AI, Braicu C, Raduly L, Nutu A, Balint E, Mehterov N, Vladimirov B, Sarafian V, Lucaciu O, Campian R, Berindan-Neagoe I. Epigenetic methylation changes: implication as biomarkers in oral and maxillofacial area cancers. Med Pharm Rep 2023; 96:310-317. [PMID: 37577021 PMCID: PMC10419680 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent cancer of the head and neck area in the oral cavity. Epigenetic alterations in oral and maxillofacial area cancers are urgently needed to be investigated, as the observed changes might have crucial diagnostic value for personalized medicine. Methods Our study aimed to identify the most frequently hypermethylated tumor suppressor gene promoters in OSCC, followed by correlation analysis with the patients' survival. We evaluated the methylation status of the promoters in a panel of 22 tumor suppressor genes in Romanian (n=9) and Bulgarian (n=12) patient groups suffering from oral and maxillofacial area cancers. The extracted DNA was further digested through EpiTect Methyl II PCR Array System containing methylation-sensitive and methylation-dependent restriction enzymes, followed by specific amplification of the products obtained by qPCR and data analysis using the online platform provided by the producer. Results Different methylation patterns were observed in the tumor suppressor genes' promoters. Among them, the methylation profile of Cccnd2, Chd1, Cdh13, Cdkn1c, Neurog1, Gstp1, and Runx3 genes further correlated with overall survival rates. Conclusions Our data emphasize that epigenetic alterations are responsible for the clinical heterogeneity of oral and maxillofacial area cancers and significantly impact on patient survival. Additional investigation on a larger patient cohort should validate these potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Aghiorghiesei
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Balint
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Preventive Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Inchanalkar M, Srivatsa S, Ambatipudi S, Bhosale PG, Patil A, Schäffer AA, Beerenwinkel N, Mahimkar MB. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of HPV-negative leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 37245006 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gingivobuccal complex oral squamous cell carcinoma (GBC-OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality often preceded by premalignant lesions, including leukoplakia. Previous studies have reported genomic drivers in OSCC, but much remains to be elucidated about DNA methylation patterns across different stages of oral carcinogenesis. RESULTS There is a serious lack of biomarkers and clinical application of biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of gingivobuccal complex cancers. Hence, in search of novel biomarkers, we measured genome-wide DNA methylation in 22 normal oral tissues, 22 leukoplakia, and 74 GBC-OSCC tissue samples. Both leukoplakia and GBC-OSCC had distinct methylation profiles as compared to normal oral tissue samples. Aberrant DNA methylation increases during the different stages of oral carcinogenesis, from premalignant lesions to carcinoma. We identified 846 and 5111 differentially methylated promoters in leukoplakia and GBC-OSCC, respectively, with a sizable fraction shared between the two sets. Further, we identified potential biomarkers from integrative analysis in gingivobuccal complex cancers and validated them in an independent cohort. Integration of genome, epigenome, and transcriptome data revealed candidate genes with gene expression synergistically regulated by copy number and DNA methylation changes. Regularised Cox regression identified 32 genes associated with patient survival. In an independent set of samples, we validated eight genes (FAT1, GLDC, HOXB13, CST7, CYB5A, MLLT11, GHR, LY75) from the integrative analysis and 30 genes from previously published reports. Bisulfite pyrosequencing validated GLDC (P = 0.036), HOXB13 (P < 0.0001) promoter hypermethylation, and FAT1 (P < 0.0001) hypomethylation in GBC-OSCC compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified methylation signatures associated with leukoplakia and gingivobuccal complex cancers. The integrative analysis in GBC-OSCC identified putative biomarkers that enhance existing knowledge of oral carcinogenesis and may potentially help in risk stratification and prognosis of GBC-OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Inchanalkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Sumana Srivatsa
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srikant Ambatipudi
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Tower Wing, London, UK
| | - Asawari Patil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manoj B Mahimkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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13
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Chandramohan S, Chatterjee O, Pajaniradje S, Subramanian S, Bhat SA, Rajagopalan R. Role of indole curcumin in the epigenetic activation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulating genes. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:601-609. [PMID: 37470582 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_28_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with the epigenetic silencing of various genes such as DAPK, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), BRCA1, p16INK4a, pVHL, p16, and RASSF1A. The most common epigenetic change observed in these genes is DNA methylation that directs the studies toward finding inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the protagonist in the action. The present study focuses on analyzing the possibility whether indole curcumin can reverse epigenetic changes of the various tumor suppressor genes, characteristically silenced by methylation, by inhibiting the major methylation enzyme DNA methyltransferase 1 or DNMT1. Materials and Methods The cytotoxic effects of indole curcumin were studied through the MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. To determine the apoptosis-mediated death of HEp-2 cells, fluorescence imaging using different stains was done. Gene or mRNA expression analysis was done for p53, ATM, and DAPK genes. Results The results obtained from this study clearly indicate that the indole analog of curcumin plays a remarkable role in activating genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis induction through epigenetic regulation. The influence that the drug has on the methylation status of gene promoter sequence of the ATM gene is also very significant. Conclusion Indole curcumin, being an analog of curcumin, promises to be a very useful drug molecule having various potential targets. The target selected for this study was DNMT1 enzyme and the drug seems to actually show the effects; it was predicted to be having on the target molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyapriya Chandramohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Oishi Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sankar Pajaniradje
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Srividya Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Suhail Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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14
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Guo D, Yang M, Li S, Zhu W, Chen M, Pan J, Long D, Liu Z, Zhang C. Expression and molecular regulation of non-coding RNAs in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122982. [PMID: 37064141 PMCID: PMC10090466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent HPV infection is closely related to a subset of HNSCC types, and the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCC has been annually increasing in recent decades. Although the carcinogenesis of HPV-positive HNSCC has not been completely elucidated, it has been well confirmed that E6 and E7, the main viral oncoproteins are responsible for the maintenance of malignant transformation, promotion of cell proliferation, and increase in tumor invasion. Moreover, compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, HPV-positive HNSCC shows some special clinical-pathological features, which are possibly related to HPV infection and their specific regulatory mechanisms. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA lacking the protein-coding function and playing a critical regulatory role via multiple complex molecular mechanisms. NcRNA is an important regulatory pattern of epigenetic modification, which can exert significant effects on HPV-induced tumorigenesis and progression by deregulating downstream genes. However, the knowledge of ncRNAs is still limited, hence, a better understanding of ncRNAs could provide some insights for exploring the carcinogenesis mechanism and identifying valuable biomarkers in HPV-positive HNSCC. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focused on the expression profile of ncRNAs (including lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA) and explored their regulatory role in HPV-positive HNSCC, aiming to clarify the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs and identify valuable biomarkers for HPV-positive HNSCC.
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15
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Vatsa PP, Jindal Y, Bhadwalkar J, Chamoli A, Upadhyay V, Mandoli A. Role of epigenetics in OSCC: an understanding above genetics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:122. [PMID: 36941511 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is categorized under head and neck cancer that frequently develops from squamous cells hence also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although molecular markers for oral cavity cancer are already known, epigenetic signatures for the same haven't been explored much. Epigenetic and genetic alterations were initially thought to be discrete mechanisms driving the tumour but the whole exome sequencing of various cancers has revealed the interdependency of epigenetics and genetic alterations. The reversible nature of these epigenetic changes makes them an alluring target for cancer therapeutics. The primary epigenetic alterations in cancer include DNA methylation and histone modifications. These alterations are useful for patient early detection and prognostication. This review summarizes the epigenetic perspective to understand the etiology, epigenetic biomarkers, and epi-drugs for better predictive diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Vatsa
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Yogita Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Janhavi Bhadwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Vinal Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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16
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Kurevlev SV, Tskhovrebova LV, Aghajanyan AV, Fatkhudinov TK, Gordon KB, Azova MM. Methylation of the tumor associated genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HEAD AND NECK TUMORS (HNT) 2023. [DOI: 10.17650/2222-1468-2022-12-4-61-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Head and neck cancer is a heterogenous group of malignant tumors of different etiologies, molecular mechanisms of which are still insufficiently studied.Aim. Investigation of DNA methylation status of some tumor associated genes (RASSF1A, RASSF2, RASSF5, CDO1, MEST and WIF1) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. The DNA methylation level of normal and tumor tissues was analyzed using bisulfite conversion and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting in 25 patients (21 men and 4 women) diagnosed with neck squamous cell carcinoma.Results. There were significant differences in levels of DNA methylation between tumor and normal tissues in the CDO1 and WIF1 genes in all groups and subgroups of patients (larynx and other cancers, squamous cell carcinoma keratinizing and non-keratinizing, primary and recurrent tumor, smokers and non-smokers). The methylation level in the CDO1 gene in tumor tissue was significantly increased in the T4 and T3 stage subgroups compared to T2.Conclusion. The increased level of methylation of the CDO1 and WIF1 genes, as well as changes in their expression are among the molecular mechanisms involved in the neck squamous cell carcinoma development. They can be considered as prognostic and diagnostic markers for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - K. B. Gordon
- Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia; A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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17
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Advances in the Histone Acetylation Modification in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4616682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common malignant tumors in the head and neck, characterized by high malignancy, rapid growth and metastasis, high invasive ability, and high mortality. In recent years, surgery combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy remains the preferred clinical treatment for OSCC, despite considerable advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Hence, new targeted therapy is urgently needed. Histone modification affects the function of massive cells through histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase. Accompanied by the progress of some diseases, especially tumors, these proteins often show abnormal functions, and by reversing these abnormalities with drugs or gene therapy, the cancer phenotype can even be restored to normal. As a result, they are potential drug targets. This article reviewed the role of the histone dynamic process of acetylation modifications and their associated active modifying enzymes in the pathogenesis and progress of OSCC. Moreover, we explored the value of histone acetylation modification as a potential therapeutic target and the new progress of related drugs in clinical treatment.
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18
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Huni KC, Cheung J, Sullivan M, Robison WT, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance Associated with Differential miRNA Expression of miR-375 and miR-27 among Oral Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021244. [PMID: 36674758 PMCID: PMC9865318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have suggested that non-coding miRNAs (such as miR-21, miR-27, miR-145, miR-155, miR-365, miR-375 and miR-494) may be involved in multiple aspects of oral cancer chemotherapeutic responsiveness. This study evaluated whether these specific miRNAs are correlated with oral cancer responsiveness to chemotherapies, including Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Fluorouracil (5FU). Commercially available and well-characterized oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, SCC25 and CAL27) revealed differing resistance and chemosensitivity to these agents-with SCC9 and SCC25 demonstrating the most resistance to all chemotherapeutic agents. SCC9 and SCC25 were also the only cell lines that expressed miR-375, and were the only cell lines that did not express miR-27. In addition, the expression of miR-375 was associated with the upregulation of Rearranged L-myc fusion (RLF) and the downregulation of Centriolar protein B (POC1), whereas lack of miR-27 expression was associated with Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) expression. These data have revealed important regulatory pathways and mechanisms associated with oral cancer proliferation and resistance that must be explored in future studies of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Caberto Huni
- Department of Advanced Education in Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Jacky Cheung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Madeline Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - William Taylor Robison
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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19
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Isola G. Prospective Advances in Genome Editing Investigation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:301-313. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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20
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Epigenetics: Promising journey so far but ways to go in head neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jayaraman S, Dinesh Y, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj AT, Patil S. Assessing the Potential Applications of Epidrugs in Epigenetic-mediated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:1077-1078. [PMID: 37073928 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Phone: +91 7397331153, e-mail:
| | - Y Dinesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9841445599, e-mail:
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Pisani S, Bertino G, Prina-Mello A, Locati LD, Mauramati S, Genta I, Dorati R, Conti B, Benazzo M. Electroporation in Head-and-Neck Cancer: An Innovative Approach with Immunotherapy and Nanotechnology Combination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5363. [PMID: 36358782 PMCID: PMC9658293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy that arises in the head-and-neck district. Traditional treatment could be insufficient in case of recurrent and/or metastatic cancers; for this reason, more selective and enhanced treatments are in evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials to increase in situ concentration of chemotherapy drugs promoting a selectively antineoplastic activity. Among all cancer treatment types (i.e., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), electroporation (EP) has emerged as a safe, less invasive, and effective approach for cancer treatment. Reversible EP, using an intensive electric stimulus (i.e., 1000 V/cm) applied for a short time (i.e., 100 μs), determines a localized electric field that temporarily permealizes the tumor cell membranes while maintaining high cell viability, promoting cytoplasm cell uptake of antineoplastic agents such as bleomycin and cisplatin (electrochemotherapy), calcium (Ca2+ electroporation), siRNA and plasmid DNA (gene electroporation). The higher intracellular concentration of antineoplastic agents enhances the antineoplastic activity and promotes controlled tumor cell death (apoptosis). As secondary effects, localized EP (i) reduces the capillary blood flow in tumor tissue ("vascular lock"), lowering drug washout, and (ii) stimulates the immune system acting against cancer cells. After years of preclinical development, electrochemotherapy (ECT), in combination with bleomycin or cisplatin, is currently one of the most effective treatments used for cutaneous metastases and primary skin and mucosal cancers that are not amenable to surgery. To reach this clinical evidence, in vitro and in vivo models were preclinically developed for evaluating the efficacy and safety of ECT on different tumor cell lines and animal models to optimize dose and administration routes of drugs, duration, and intensity of the electric field. Improvements in reversible EP efficacy are under evaluation for HNSCC treatment, where the focus is on the development of a combination treatment between EP-enhanced nanotechnology and immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- LBCAM, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, DO2 W085 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Deborah Locati
- Translational Oncology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Mauramati
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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23
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Polyphenols as Potent Epigenetics Agents for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911712. [PMID: 36233012 PMCID: PMC9570183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.
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Rong C, Grünow J, Thierauf J, Lucena-Porcel C, Major G, Holzinger D, Dyckhoff G, Kern J, Lammert A, Scherl C, Rotter N, Plinkert PK, Affolter A. Conjoint analysis of OPRPN and SMR3A protein expression as potential predictive biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:159. [PMID: 35856431 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased submaxillary gland androgen‑regulated protein 3A (SMR3A) expression was previously shown to serve as an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and as a surrogate biomarker for active estrogen receptor 2 signaling in radioresistant tumor cells. In the present study, it was aimed to unravel the expression and clinical significance of another member of the opiorphin family, opiorphin prepropeptide (OPRPN), in the radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Expression of SMR3A and OPRPN were analyzed for the prior and post fractionated irradiation (4x2 Gy) by double immunofluorescence staining in established HNSCC cell lines as well as by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in ex vivo tumor tissues. Next, in a retrospective experimental cohort study, primary tumor samples from OPSCC patients (n=96), who received definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were reviewed, and expression levels of OPRPN protein were detected by IHC. Immunoreactivity scores (IRS) were associated with pathological and clinical risk factors by Chi‑square analysis. Survival analysis was performed by using the Kaplan‑Meier plot, log‑rank test and Cox regression analysis. The expression levels of OPRPN and SMR3A protein were both induced by fractionated irradiation in vitro and ex vivo. In primary tumor samples, IRS of OPRPN was significantly higher than scores of SMR3A expression and positively correlated with expression patterns of SMR3A. SMR3A was confirmed to serve as an unfavorable factor, while OPRPN protein had no significant association with the clinical outcome of patients with OPSCC. A combinational analysis revealed that the subgroup with SMR3AhighOPRPNlow staining pattern had the worst clinical outcome among the various subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that high expression of SMR3A serves as an independent unfavorable biomarker, while increased expression of OPRPN appears to exert protective function. In summary, the present study indicated that SMR3A and OPRPN serve as potential prognostic markers for HNSCC after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Rong
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jennifer Grünow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Major
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dyckhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Kern
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Lammert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Scherl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicole Rotter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Head and Neck Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D‑69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Callahan SC, Kochat V, Liu Z, Raman AT, Divenko M, Schulz J, Terranova CJ, Ghosh AK, Tang M, Johnson FM, Wang J, Skinner HD, Pickering CR, Myers JN, Rai K. High enhancer activity is an epigenetic feature of HPV negative atypical head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:936168. [PMID: 35927986 PMCID: PMC9343809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.936168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease with significant mortality and frequent recurrence. Prior efforts to transcriptionally classify HNSCC into groups of varying prognoses have identified four accepted molecular subtypes of the disease: Atypical (AT), Basal (BA), Classical (CL), and Mesenchymal (MS). Here, we investigate the active enhancer landscapes of these subtypes using representative HNSCC cell lines and identify samples belonging to the AT subtype as having increased enhancer activity compared to the other 3 HNSCC subtypes. Cell lines belonging to the AT subtype are more resistant to enhancer-blocking bromodomain inhibitors (BETi). Examination of nascent transcripts reveals that both AT TCGA tumors and cell lines express higher levels of enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcripts for enhancers controlling BETi resistance pathways, such as lipid metabolism and MAPK signaling. Additionally, investigation of higher-order chromatin structure suggests more enhancer-promoter (E-P) contacts in the AT subtype, including on genes identified in the eRNA analysis. Consistently, known BETi resistance pathways are upregulated upon exposure to these inhibitors. Together, our results identify that the AT subtype of HNSCC is associated with higher enhancer activity, resistance to enhancer blockade, and increased signaling through pathways that could serve as future targets for sensitizing HNSCC to BET inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Carson Callahan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Veena Kochat
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ayush T. Raman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate Program in Quantitative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Margarita Divenko
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher J. Terranova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Archit K. Ghosh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Faye M. Johnson
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Pokorna Z, Hrabal V, Tichy V, Vojtesek B, Coates PJ. DNA Demethylation Switches Oncogenic ΔNp63 to Tumor Suppressive TAp63 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924354. [PMID: 35912167 PMCID: PMC9331744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP63 gene encodes two major protein variants; TAp63 contains a p53-like transcription domain and consequently has tumor suppressor activities whereas ΔNp63 lacks this domain and acts as an oncogene. The two variants show distinct expression patterns in normal tissues and tumors, with lymphocytes and lymphomas/leukemias expressing TAp63, and basal epithelial cells and some carcinomas expressing high levels of ΔNp63, most notably squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Whilst the transcriptional functions of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms are known, the mechanisms involved in their regulation are poorly understood. Using squamous epithelial cells that contain high levels of ΔNp63 and low/undetectable TAp63, the DNA demethylating agent decitabine (5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine, 5-dAza) caused a dose-dependent increase in TAp63, with a simultaneous reduction in ΔNp63, indicating DNA methylation-dependent regulation at the isoform-specific promoters. The basal cytokeratin KRT5, a direct ΔNp63 transcriptional target, was also reduced, confirming functional alteration of p63 activity after DNA demethylation. We also showed high level methylation of three CpG sites in the TAP63 promoter in these cells, which was reduced by decitabine. DNMT1 depletion using inducible shRNAs partially replicated these effects, including an increase in the ratio of TAP63:ΔNP63 mRNAs, a reduction in ΔNp63 protein and reduced KRT5 mRNA levels. Finally, high DNA methylation levels were found at the TAP63 promoter in clinical SCC samples and matched normal tissues. We conclude that DNA methylation at the TAP63 promoter normally silences transcription in squamous epithelial cells, indicating DNA methylation as a therapeutic approach to induce this tumor suppressor in cancer. That decitabine simultaneously reduced the oncogenic activity of ΔNp63 provides a “double whammy” for SCC and other p63-positive carcinomas. Whilst a variety of mechanisms may be involved in producing the opposite effects of DNA demethylation on TAp63 and ΔNp63, we propose an “either or” mechanism in which TAP63 transcription physically interferes with the ability to initiate transcription from the downstream ΔNP63 promoter on the same DNA strand. This mechanism can explain the observed inverse expression of p63 isoforms in normal cells and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorna
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Hrabal
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vlastimil Tichy
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Philip J. Coates
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Philip J. Coates,
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Tynior W, Ilczuk-Rypuła D, Hudy D, Strzelczyk JK. Is Aberrant DNA Methylation a Key Factor in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2868-2878. [PMID: 35877421 PMCID: PMC9319474 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative disturbance of the enamel of the permanent molars and/or incisors. Its etiology is not clearly defined but is connected with different factors occurring before and after birth. It remains difficult to identify a single factor or group of factors, and the problem is further complicated by various overlapping mechanisms. In this study, we attempted to determine whether DNA methylation-an epigenetic mechanism-plays a key role in the etiology of MIH. We collected the epithelium of the oral mucosa from children with MIH and healthy individuals and analyzed its global DNA methylation level in each child using a 5-mC DNA ELISA kit after DNA isolation. There was no statistically significant difference between the global DNA methylation levels in the study and control groups. Then, we also analyzed the associations of the DNA methylation levels with different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors, using appropriate statistical methods. Factors such as number of pregnancies, number of births, type of delivery, varicella infection (under 3 years old), and high fever (under 3 years old) were significantly important. This work can be seen as the first step towards further studies of the epigenetic background of the MIH etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Tynior
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-272-21-71
| | - Danuta Ilczuk-Rypuła
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (J.K.S.)
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28
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Histone Modification on Parathyroid Tumors: A Review of Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105378. [PMID: 35628190 PMCID: PMC9140881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid tumors are very prevalent conditions among endocrine tumors, being the second most common behind thyroid tumors. Secondary hyperplasia can occur beyond benign and malignant neoplasia in parathyroid glands. Adenomas are the leading cause of hyperparathyroidism, while carcinomas represent less than 1% of the cases. Tumor suppressor gene mutations such as MEN1 and CDC73 were demonstrated to be involved in tumor development in both familiar and sporadic types; however, the epigenetic features of the parathyroid tumors are still a little-explored subject. We present a review of epigenetic mechanisms related to parathyroid tumors, emphasizing advances in histone modification and its perspective of becoming a promising area in parathyroid tumor research.
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29
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Gül D, Schweitzer A, Khamis A, Knauer SK, Ding GB, Freudelsperger L, Karampinis I, Strieth S, Hagemann J, Stauber RH. Impact of Secretion-Active Osteoblast-Specific Factor 2 in Promoting Progression and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2337. [PMID: 35565465 PMCID: PMC9106029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment success of head and neck cancer (HNC) is still hampered by tumor relapse due to metastases. Our study aimed to identify biomarkers by exploiting transcriptomics profiles of patient-matched metastases, primary tumors, and normal tissue mucosa as well as the TCGA HNC cohort data sets. Analyses identified osteoblast-specific factor 2 (OSF-2) as significantly overexpressed in lymph node metastases and primary tumors compared to normal tissue. High OSF-2 levels correlate with metastatic disease and reduced overall survival of predominantly HPV-negative HNC patients. No significant correlation was observed with tumor localization or therapy response. These findings were supported by the fact that OSF-2 expression was not elevated in cisplatin-resistant HNC cell lines. OSF-2 was strongly expressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts, suggesting a tumor microenvironment-promoting function. Molecular cloning and expression studies of OSF-2 variants from patients identified an evolutionary conserved bona fide protein secretion signal (1MIPFLPMFSLLLLLIVNPINA21). OSF-2 enhanced cell migration and cellular survival under stress conditions, which could be mimicked by the extracellular administration of recombinant protein. Here, OSF-2 executes its functions via ß1 integrin, resulting in the phosphorylation of PI3K and activation of the Akt/PKB signaling pathway. Collectively, we suggest OSF-2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and drug target, promoting metastases by supporting the tumor microenvironment and lymph node metastases survival rather than by enhancing primary tumor proliferation or therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Gül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Andrea Schweitzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Aya Khamis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, El Azareta, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße, 45117 Essen, Germany;
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Laura Freudelsperger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Ioannis Karampinis
- Academic Thoracic Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (A.K.); (L.F.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
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Gougousis S, Petanidis S, Poutoglidis A, Tsetsos N, Vrochidis P, Skoumpas I, Argyriou N, Katopodi T, Domvri K. Epigenetic editing and tumor‑dependent immunosuppressive signaling in head and neck malignancies (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:196. [PMID: 35572491 PMCID: PMC9100602 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous variety of malignant tumors, characterized by a relatively high tumor mutation burden. Previous data have revealed that immune system dysfunction appears to serve a key role in the development and progression of HNC and established immunosuppression is vital for evading the host immune response. Despite progress in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival rate of patients with HNC is still low. Therefore, the present review discusses the development of novel immunotherapy approaches based on the various immune cell signaling routes that trigger drug resistance and immunosuppression. Additionally, the present review discusses the epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs that drive and support HNC progression. Furthermore, the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor macrophages and myeloid cells in tumor-related immunosuppression are considered. Specifically, the molecular immune-related mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment, which lead to decreased drug sensitivity and tumor relapse, and strategies for reversing drug resistance and targeting immunosuppressive tumor networks are discussed. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms is essential for preclinical and clinical investigations in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, an improved understanding of these immune cell signaling pathways that drive immune surveillance, immune-driven inflammation and tumor-related immunosuppression is necessary for future personalized HNC-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Gougousis
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘G. Papanikolaou’, Thessaloniki GR‑57010, Greece
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandros Poutoglidis
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘G. Papanikolaou’, Thessaloniki GR‑57010, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsetsos
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘G. Papanikolaou’, Thessaloniki GR‑57010, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Vrochidis
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Goumenissa, Kilkis GR‑61100, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoumpas
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini GR‑60100, Greece
| | - Nektarios Argyriou
- Ear Nose Throat Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘G. Gennimatas’, Thessaloniki GR‑54635, Greece
| | - Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR‑54124, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Pulmonary Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki ‘G. Papanikolaou’, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR‑57010, Greece
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31
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Wang W, Xiang M, Liu H, Chu X, Sun Z, Feng L. A prognostic risk model based on DNA methylation levels of genes and lncRNAs in lung squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13057. [PMID: 35356464 PMCID: PMC8958968 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence is a risk factor for the prognosis of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). DNA methylation levels of RNAs are also associated with LUSC prognosis. This study aimed to construct a prognostic model with high performance in predicting LUSC prognosis using the methylation levels of lncRNAs and genes. Methods The differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) and differentially methylated RNAs (DMRs) between the recurrent and non-recurrent LUSC tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; training dataset) were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis was performed to identify co-methylation networks. Differentially methylated genes and lncRNAs with opposite expression-methylation levels were used for the screening of prognosis-associated RNAs. The prognostic model was constructed and its performance was validated in the GSE39279 dataset. Results A total of 664 DERs and 981 DMRs (including 972 genes) in recurrent LUSC tissues were identified. Three co-methylation modules, including 226 differentially methylated genes, were significantly associated with LUSC. Among prognosis-associated RNAs, 18 DERs/DMRs with opposite methylation-expression levels were included in the methylation prognostic risk model. LUSC patients with high risk scores had a poor prognosis compared with patients who had low risk scores (TCGA: HR = 3.856, 95% CI [2.297-6.471]; GSE39279: HR = 3.040, 95% CI [1.435-6.437]). This model had a high accuracy in predicting the prognosis (AUC = 0.903 and 0.800, respectively), equivalent to the nomogram model inclusive of clinical variables. Conclusions Referring to the methylation levels of the 16-RNAs might help to predict the survival outcomes in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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32
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High Risk-Human Papillomavirus in HNSCC: Present and Future Challenges for Epigenetic Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073483. [PMID: 35408843 PMCID: PMC8998945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by an incidence of 650,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths per year worldwide and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The main risk factors are alcohol and tobacco consumption and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HNSCC cases are divided into two subgroups, the HPV-negative (HPV−) and the HPV-positive (HPV+) which have different clinicopathological and molecular profiles. However, patients are still treated with the same therapeutic regimens. It is thus of utmost importance to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences to find new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets towards personalized therapies. Epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of cancer and can be exploited as both promising biomarkers and potential new targets. E6 and E7 HPV oncoviral proteins besides targeting p53 and pRb, impair the expression and the activity of several epigenetic regulators. While alterations in DNA methylation patterns have been well described in HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC, accurate histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) characterization is still missing. Herein, we aim to provide an updated overview on the impact of HPV on the hPTMs landscape in HNSCC. Moreover, we will also discuss the sex and gender bias in HNSCC and how the epigenetic machinery could be involved in this process, and the importance of taking into account sex and/or gender also in this field.
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33
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The Emerging Significance of Histone Lysine Demethylases as Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061023. [PMID: 35326475 PMCID: PMC8946939 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic aberrations, associated with altered DNA methylation profiles and global changes in the level of histone modifications, are commonly detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Recently, histone lysine demethylases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and emerged as potential molecular targets. Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) catalyze the removal of methyl groups from lysine residues in histones. By affecting the methylation of H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, or H3K36, these enzymes take part in transcriptional regulation, which may result in changes in the level of expression of tumor suppressor genes and protooncogenes. KDMs are involved in many biological processes, including cell cycle control, senescence, DNA damage response, and heterochromatin formation. They are also important regulators of pluripotency. The overexpression of most KDMs has been observed in HNSCC, and their inhibition affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell motility, invasiveness, and stemness. Of all KDMs, KDM1, KDM4, KDM5, and KDM6 proteins are currently regarded as the most promising prognostic and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers. The aim of this review is to present up-to-date knowledge on the significance of histone lysine demethylases in head and neck carcinogenesis and to discuss the possibility of using them as prognostic markers and pharmacological targets in patients’ treatment.
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Yang Q, Xu F, Jian A, Yu H, Ye T, Hu W. m6A Regulator-Mediated Methylation Modification Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Cell-Infiltration Characterization in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803141. [PMID: 35198565 PMCID: PMC8859267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, RNA modifications have emerged as essential epigenetic regulators of gene expression. However, the mechanism of how RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification interacts with tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration remains obscure. Methods: A total of 876 head and neck cancer samples considering 21 m6A regulators were included and analyzed to determine the m6A modification patterns. These modification patterns were then correlated with TME immune cell-infiltrating characteristics. A scoring system, the m6Ascore, was constructed using principal component analysis algorithms to quantify m6A modification of tumors. Results: Three m6A modification patterns were identified, with TME infiltrating characteristics highly consistent with tumors with three distinct immune phenotypes, including immune-inflamed, immune-exclude, and immune-desert phenotypes. It was demonstrated that the identification of the m6A modification patterns via m6Ascore could predict tumor progression, subtypes, TME stromal activity, variation of relevant genes, and patient prognosis. Low m6Ascore, identified to be an inflamed phenotype, is found to be associated with low stroma activity and tumor mutation burden, high survival probability, increased tumor neoantigen burden, and enhanced response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. The therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits of patients with low m6Ascore were further verified in two immunotherapy cohorts. Conclusion: This study identified the significant role that the m6A modification played in the formation of TME characteristics. A more comprehensive understanding of the m6A modification patterns and their correlation with TME infiltration will contribute to the discovery of immunotherapy strategies with better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwen Jian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pokorna Z, Vyslouzil J, Vojtesek B, Coates PJ. Identifying pathways regulating the oncogenic p53 family member ΔNp63 provides therapeutic avenues for squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:18. [PMID: 35196980 PMCID: PMC8903560 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ΔNp63 overexpression is a common event in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that contributes to tumorigenesis, making ΔNp63 a potential target for therapy. Methods We created inducible TP63-shRNA cells to study the effects of p63-depletion in SCC cell lines and non-malignant HaCaT keratinocytes. DNA damaging agents, growth factors, signaling pathway inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and metabolism-modifying drugs were also investigated for their ability to influence ΔNp63 protein and mRNA levels. Results HaCaT keratinocytes, FaDu and SCC-25 cells express high levels of ΔNp63. HaCaT and FaDu inducible TP63-shRNA cells showed reduced proliferation after p63 depletion, with greater effects on FaDu than HaCaT cells, compatible with oncogene addiction in SCC. Genotoxic insults and histone deacetylase inhibitors variably reduced ΔNp63 levels in keratinocytes and SCC cells. Growth factors that regulate proliferation/survival of squamous cells (IGF-1, EGF, amphiregulin, KGF, and HGF) and PI3K, mTOR, MAPK/ERK or EGFR inhibitors showed lesser and inconsistent effects, with dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR or EGFR inhibition selectively reducing ΔNp63 levels in HaCaT cells. In contrast, the antihyperlipidemic drug lovastatin selectively increased ΔNp63 in HaCaT cells. Conclusions These data confirm that ΔNp63-positive SCC cells require p63 for continued growth and provide proof of concept that p63 reduction is a therapeutic option for these tumors. Investigations of ΔNp63 regulation identified agent-specific and cell-specific pathways. In particular, dual inhibition of the PI3K and mTOR pathways reduced ΔNp63 more effectively than single pathway inhibition, and broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors showed a time-dependent biphasic response, with high level downregulation at the transcriptional level within 24 h. In addition to furthering our understanding of ΔNp63 regulation in squamous cells, these data identify novel drug combinations that may be useful for p63-based therapy of SCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00323-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorna
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyslouzil
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Suchanti S, Stephen BJ, Awasthi S, Awasthi SK, Singh G, Singh A, Mishra R. Harnessing the role of epigenetic histone modification in targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2022; 14:279-293. [PMID: 35184601 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Despite advancements made in treatment strategies, the fatality rate of HNSCC is very high. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modification of histones plays an influential role in the development and progression of the disease. In this review we discuss the role of epigenetic modifications in HNSCC and the inter-relationships of human papillomavirus oncoproteins and histone-modifying agents. Further, we explore the possibility of identifying these modifications as biomarkers for their use as drugs in treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Suchanti
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Bjorn J Stephen
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Sonali Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Sudhir K Awasthi
- Department of Life Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Toxicology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380016, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
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Feng X, Zhang T, Chou J, Liu L, Miller LD, Sullivan CA, Browne JD. Comprehensive gene cluster analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma TCGA RNA-seq data defines B cell immunity-related genes as a robust survival predictor. Head Neck 2022; 44:443-452. [PMID: 34841601 PMCID: PMC8766919 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors aimed to define novel gene expression signatures that are associated with patients' survival with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS TCGA RNA-seq data were used for gene expression clusters extraction from 499 tumor samples by the "EPIG" method. Tumor samples were then partitioned into lower and higher than median level groups for survival relevant analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimator. RESULTS We found that two gene clusters (_1, _2) are favorably, while two (_3, _4) are unfavorably, associated with patients' survival with HNSCC. Notably, most genes on the top lists of cluster_2 are associated with B cells. A gene expression signature with combined genes from cluster_2 and _4 was further determined to be associated with HNSCC survival rate. CONCLUSION Our work strongly supported a favorable role of B cells in patients' survival with HNSCC and identified a novel coexpressed gene signature as prognostic biomarker for patients' survival with HNSCC estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tan Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeff Chou
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance D. Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher A. Sullivan
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James D. Browne
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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do Amaral-Silva GK, Morais TMDL, Wagner VP, Martins MD, Fregnani ER, Soares FA, Rocha AC, Pontes HR, Santos-Silva AR, Vargas PA. Expression of DNMTs and H3K9ac in Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:751162. [PMID: 35048062 PMCID: PMC8757744 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.751162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modification H3K9ac are epigenetic markers. This study aimed to describe the immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and H3K9ac in the dental follicle (DF), ameloblastoma (AME), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC), correlating these expressions with the recurrence and aggressive behavior in ameloblastoma. Study Design: Immunohistochemical reactions were performed in 10 human DFs, 38 ameloblastomas, and 6 AC samples. Another 59 ameloblastomas assembled in a tissue microarray were used to compare the immunoexpression with the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics and the presence of BRAFv600e mutation. Each slide was digitized as a high-resolution image and quantified by Aperio ScanScope Nuclear V9 software. All statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. Results: DNMT3B expression was higher in ameloblastomas than in the DFs, while the AC overexpressed all proteins. The ameloblastomas with BRAFv600e mutation, vestibular/lingual, or vestibular/palatine bone cortical disruption and maxilla involvement showed DNMT1 overexpression, while recurrent cases had high DNMT3B levels. Conclusions: DNA methylation and histone modification might play a role in the development, clinical aggressiveness, and recurrence rates of ameloblastoma, such as the progression to AC. Further investigation about gene methylations in ameloblastomas is needed to better understand its relationship with aggressiveness and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Caroli Rocha
- Medical School, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder Rabelo Pontes
- Service of Buccal Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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van der Kamp MF, Halmos GB, Guryev V, Horvatovich PL, Schuuring E, van der Laan BFAM, van der Vegt B, Plaat BEC, Verhoeven CJ. Age-specific oncogenic pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - are elderly a different subcategory? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1-18. [PMID: 35015241 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent clinical practice, an increasing number of elderly patients suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of unknown pathophysiology is observed. The majority of HNSCC patients can roughly be divided into three subcategories. First, a small group of young patients who present with variants of genomic aberrations and inheritable diseases like Fanconi anaemia. Second, an increasing population of HPV-related HNSCCs that are regarded as genomic stable tumours with a more favourable prognosis. Though HPV-related tumours used to be more common among younger males, a notable rise in the elderly population is observed. The third subcategory, that of HPV-negative tumours, has been shown to be more heterogeneous with involvement of a variety of oncogenic pathways related to lifestyle factors like smoking and alcohol consumption, often seen in middle-aged males. Some of these pathways could be related to age, such as TP53 alterations, EGFR activation, apoptotic pathway alterations and field cancerization. CONCLUSIONS In this narrative review, we provide an overview of established and newly discovered age-specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HNSCC. We propose a fourth subcategory of patients with a suspected different pathophysiology: elderly (HPV-negative) HNSCC patients without a history of tobacco and alcohol consumption. In this subcategory, carcinogenesis seems to be a multi-step process based on genomic instability, immunosenescence, cell cycle disruption and telomere shortening. To conclude, we discuss suggestions for future research to fill the knowledge gap about age-dependent HNSCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Froukje van der Kamp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gyorgy Bela Halmos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Laszlo Horvatovich
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Evert Christiaan Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Johanna Verhoeven
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Usefulness of Melatonin and Other Compounds as Antioxidants and Epidrugs in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010035. [PMID: 35052539 PMCID: PMC8773331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with genetic mutations, aberrant epigenetic alterations are the initiators of head and neck cancer carcinogenesis. Currently, several drugs are being developed to correct these epigenetic alterations, known as epidrugs. Some compounds with an antioxidant effect have been shown to be effective in preventing these malignant lesions and in minimizing the complications derived from cytotoxic treatment. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies show a promising role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This is the case of supplements with DNA methylation inhibitory function (DNMTi), such as epigallocatechin gallate, sulforaphane, and folic acid; histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), such as sodium butyrate and melatonin or histone acetyltransferase inhibitors (HATi), such as curcumin. The objective of this review is to describe the role of some antioxidants and their epigenetic mechanism of action, with special emphasis on melatonin and butyric acid given their organic production, in the prevention and treatment of HNSCC.
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Liu S, Bellile E, Nguyen A, Zarins K, Rozek L, Wolf GT, Sartor M. Characterization of the immune response in patients with cancer of the oral cavity after neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the IRX-2 regimen. Oral Oncol 2021; 123:105587. [PMID: 34717154 PMCID: PMC8982160 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IRX-2 is a homologous cell-derived multi-cytokine biologic with multifaceted immune modulatory effects that has been shown to induce increased lymphocyte infiltration into primary tumors in oral cavity carcinoma. Our objective was to characterize tumor immune gene expression and epigenomic changes after neoadjuvant IRX-2 immunotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. METHODS A randomized phase II trial was conducted of the IRX regimen 3 weeks prior to surgery for previously untreated patients with Stage II-IV oral cavity carcinoma. The treatment regimen consisted of low dose (300 mg/m2) cyclophosphamide (day 1) followed by 10 days of regional perilymphatic IRX-2 cytokine injections and daily oral indomethacin, zinc and omeprazole (Regimen 1) compared to the identical regimen without the IRX-2 cytokines (Regimen 2). The NanoString immune panel (730 genes) and Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip were performed to assess the gene expression and DNA methylation signatures, respectively, in pre- and post-immunotherapy tumor samples. RESULTS A total of 51 and 79 immune-related genes were found upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the samples from Regimen 1 patients after treatment, while 51 and 56 were found upregulated and downregulated in the samples for Regimen 2. When comparing the changes between the two regimens, we identified 9 genes significantly different, including DMBT1, a potential tumor suppressor, functioning in tumor invasion of head and neck cancer. The exploration of DNA methylation showed slight overall hypermethylation after treatment in both regimens, especially for Regimen 1 immune responders, and methylation-based cell type deconvolution demonstrated high concordance with tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte cell counts. CONCLUSION While a consistent patient response after treatment was observed, most changes were similar between regimens, indicating a subtle, targeted, or patient-specific effect of IRX-2 cytokines. Change in DMBT1 expression was a unique finding that will require further study to better understand its significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ariane Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Gregory T. Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Maureen Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Corresponding authors: To whom correspondence should be addressed: Laura Rozek, Address: 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Gregory Wolf, Address: 1903 Taubman, Box 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ; Maureen Sartor, Address: 100 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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Wang E, Li Y, Ming R, Wei J, Du P, Zhou P, Zong S, Xiao H. The Prognostic Value and Immune Landscapes of a m 6A/m 5C/m 1A-Related LncRNAs Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718974. [PMID: 34917609 PMCID: PMC8670092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the progression of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether m6A/m5C/m1A-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We summarized 52 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes, downloaded 44 normal samples and 501 HNSCC tumor samples with RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and then searched for m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes co-expressed lncRNAs. We adopt the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression to obtain m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs to construct a prognostic signature of HNSCC. Results: This prognostic signature is based on six m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs (AL035587.1, AC009121.3, AF131215.5, FMR1-IT1, AC106820.5, PTOV1-AS2). It was found that the high-risk subgroup has worse overall survival (OS) than the low-risk subgroup. Moreover, the results showed that most immune checkpoint genes were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). Immunity microenvironment analysis showed that the contents of NK cell resting, macrophages M2, and neutrophils in samples of low-risk group were significantly lower than those of high-risk group (p < 0.05), while the contents of B cells navie, plasma cells, and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were on the contrary (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) had the worse overall survival than those with low tumor mutational burden. Conclusion: Our study elucidated how m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs are related to the prognosis, immune microenvironment, and TMB of HNSCC. In the future, these m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs may become a new choice for immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Head and Neck Cancers Are Not Alike When Tarred with the Same Brush: An Epigenetic Perspective from the Cancerization Field to Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225630. [PMID: 34830785 PMCID: PMC8616074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Squamous cell carcinomas affect different head and neck subsites and, although these tumors arise from the same epithelial lining and share risk factors, they differ in terms of clinical behavior and molecular carcinogenesis mechanisms. Differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive tumors are those most frequently explored, but further data suggest that the molecular heterogeneity observed among head and neck subsites may go beyond HPV infection. In this review, we explore how alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) development and progression. The association of these epigenetic alterations with risk factor exposure, early carcinogenesis steps, transformation risk, and prognosis are described. Finally, we discuss the potential application of the use of epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the ten most frequent types of cancer worldwide and, despite all efforts, are still diagnosed at late stages and show poor overall survival. Furthermore, HNSCC patients often experience relapses and the development of second primary tumors, as a consequence of the field cancerization process. Therefore, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC development and progression may enable diagnosis anticipation and provide valuable tools for prediction of prognosis and response to therapy. However, the different biological behavior of these tumors depending on the affected anatomical site and risk factor exposure, as well as the high genetic heterogeneity observed in HNSCC are major obstacles in this pursue. In this context, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be common in HNSCC, to discriminate the tumor anatomical subsites, to be responsive to risk factor exposure, and show promising results in biomarker development. Based on this, this review brings together the current knowledge on alterations of DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC natural history, focusing on how they contribute to each step of the process and on their applicability as biomarkers of exposure, HNSCC development, progression, and response to therapy.
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215355. [PMID: 34771518 PMCID: PMC8582421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common malignancies with considerable morbidity and a high death toll worldwide. Resistance towards multi-modal therapy modalities composed of surgery, irradiation, chemo- and immunotherapy represents a major obstacle in the efficient treatment of HNSCC patients. Patients frequently show nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis and endure early relapses, oftentimes in the form of local recurrences. Differentiation programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allow individual tumor cells to adopt cellular functions that are central to the development of metastases and treatment resistance. In the present review article, the molecular basis and regulation of EMT and its impact on the progression of HNSCC will be addressed. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common tumors with a poor overall prognosis. Poor survival is resulting from limited response to multi-modal therapy, high incidence of metastasis, and local recurrence. Treatment includes surgery, radio(chemo)therapy, and targeted therapy specific for EGFR and immune checkpoint inhibition. The understanding of the molecular basis for the poor outcome of HNSCC was improved using multi-OMICs approaches, which revealed a strong degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) at the level of DNA mutations, transcriptome, and (phospho)proteome. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified RNA-expression signatures related to cell cycle, cell stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). The latter signature was correlated to nodal involvement and adverse clinical features. Mechanistically, shifts towards a mesenchymal phenotype equips tumor cells with migratory and invasive capacities and with an enhanced resistance to standard therapy. Hence, gradual variations of EMT as observed in HNSCC represent a potent driver of tumor progression that could open new paths to improve the stratification of patients and to innovate approaches to break therapy resistance. These aspects of molecular heterogeneity will be discussed in the present review.
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Sajnani AK, Shah SG, Rashid M, Natu A, Gera PB, Gupta S. In-Silico Analysis of Chromatin Modifiers and Profiling of Histone Deacetylases (HDAC's) in Human Oral Cancer. Chonnam Med J 2021; 57:176-184. [PMID: 34621637 PMCID: PMC8485086 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2021.57.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 µg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 µg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanket G Shah
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mudasir Rashid
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhiram Natu
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam B Gera
- Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth in vivo of FaDu cells, a specific HPVnegative HNSCC cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253756. [PMID: 34534222 PMCID: PMC8448306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, resulting in over 600,000 new diagnoses annually. Traditionally, HNCC has been related to tobacco and alcohol exposure; however, over the past decade, a growing number of head and neck cancers are attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD) was demonstrated as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute myelogenous leukaemia. Preclinical data revealed that 5-aza inhibits growth and increases cell death of HPV(+) cancer cells. These effects are associated with reduced expression of HPV genes, stabilization of TP53, and activation of TP53-dependent apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of 5-AzaD on growth of human squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu), a HPV(-) and p53 mutated cells, in vitro and in vivo. The effect of 5-AzaD on cell viability, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis was tested in vitro. The effect of 5-AzaD on tumour growth in vivo was tested using xenograft mice inoculated with FaDu cells. The results indicated that 5-AzaD reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in FaDu cells in vitro. In vivo studies revealed that 5-AzaD suppresses the growth of tumours in xenograft mice inoculated with FaDu cells through inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. These findings may emphasis that 5-AzaD is effective in treatment of HPV(-) HNSCC tumours through TP53 independent pathway. Future studies are needed in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of action of 5-AzaD in HPV(-) cancer cells.
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Wang CY, Yu GT, Gao C, Chen J, Li QL, Zhang L, Wu M, Sun ZJ, Li LY. Genome-Wide Enhancer Analysis Reveals the Role of AP-1 Transcription Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701531. [PMID: 34409068 PMCID: PMC8365880 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, but its epigenomic features have not been determined. Here, we studied the chromatin landscape of active enhancers of HNSCC head tumor tissues by performing H3K27ac and H3K4me1 ChIP-Seq with a Tgfbr1/Pten double conditional knockout HNSCC mouse model. We identified 1,248 gain variant enhancer loci (VELs) and 2,188 lost VELs, as well as 153 gain variant super enhancer loci (VSELs) and 234 lost VSELs. Potentially involved transcription factors were predicted with motif analysis, and we identified AP-1 as one of the critical oncogenic transcription factors in HNSCC and many other types of cancer. Combining transcriptomic and epigenomic data, our analysis also showed that AP-1 and histone modifications coordinately regulate target gene expression in HNSCC. In conclusion, our study provides important epigenomic information for enhancer studies in HNSCC and reveals new mechanism for AP-1 regulating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Enteropathy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Notarstefano V, Belloni A, Sabbatini S, Pro C, Orilisi G, Monterubbianesi R, Tosco V, Byrne HJ, Vaccari L, Giorgini E. Cytotoxic Effects of 5-Azacytidine on Primary Tumour Cells and Cancer Stem Cells from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro FTIRM Analysis. Cells 2021; 10:2127. [PMID: 34440896 PMCID: PMC8392608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of 5-azacytidine on primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells (OSCCs) from human biopsies, and on Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) from the same samples, were investigated by an in vitro Fourier Transform InfraRed Microscospectroscopy (FTIRM) approach coupled with multivariate analysis. OSCC is an aggressive tumoral lesion of the epithelium, accounting for ~90% of all oral cancers. It is usually diagnosed in advanced stages, and this causes a poor prognosis with low success rates of surgical, as well as radiation and chemotherapy treatments. OSCC is frequently characterised by recurrence after chemotherapy and by the development of a refractoriness to some employed drugs, which is probably ascribable to the presence of CSCs niches, responsible for cancer growth, chemoresistance and metastasis. The spectral information from FTIRM was correlated with the outcomes of cytotoxicity tests and image-based cytometry, and specific spectral signatures attributable to 5-azacytidine treatment were identified, allowing us to hypothesise the demethylation of DNA and, hence, an increase in the transcriptional activity, together with a conformational transition of DNA, and a triggering of cell death by an apoptosis mechanism. Moreover, a different mechanism of action between OSSC and CSC cells was highlighted, probably due to possible differences between OSCCs and CSCs response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.N.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.N.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Simona Sabbatini
- Department of Material, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.N.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.O.); (R.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.O.); (R.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.O.); (R.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland;
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SISSI Beamline, 34149 Basovizza, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.N.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
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McCarthy C, Fedele S, Ottensmeier C, Shaw RJ. Early-Phase Interventional Trials in Oral Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153845. [PMID: 34359746 PMCID: PMC8345124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer is a devastating disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant disorder and patients with OED are at increased risk of developing oral cancer. Current strategies for management of OED include surgery or close observation and both fail to address the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. There is an urgent need for evidence-based medical treatments for OED to prevent oral cancer development in this cohort. Chemoprevention trials to date have not delivered therapeutic agents for routine clinical practice. Historically, there has been significant heterogeneity in the design of oral cancer chemoprevention trials, with most failing to selectively recruit patients with biopsy-proven OED, which limits the usefulness of the findings in the OED population. The present paper aims to review the current evidence and the methodology of early-phase trials in oral cancer chemoprevention. Novel strategies in oral cancer chemoprevention will also be discussed. Abstract The increasing breadth of molecular targets, promise of immune-targeted therapies and repurposed agents have heightened interest in cancer prevention. While, to date, testing of oral cancer chemoprevention strategies has failed to deliver therapeutic agents for routine clinical practice, there remains an urgent need for further clinical research to overcome this hurdle. Patients at the greatest risk of disease stand to benefit the most from inclusion in clinical trials; therefore, there is a need to carefully define this population using validated clinical and molecular markers. Safety, tolerability and the efficacy of interventions is assessed through carefully selected endpoints. These endpoints may include pharmacodynamic, clinical, histological and on-target molecular modifications as an individual or as a composite endpoint. Early-phase trials provide an area of opportunity to explore novel and repurposed agents in the setting of oral cancer chemoprevention, eventually leading to phase III trials with clinical endpoints such as transformation and clinical outcome; these studies are large, lengthy and expensive and should be reserved for the most promising of agents. This paper will explore current evidence in oral cancer chemoprevention, drug repurposing, selection of appropriate endpoints for early-phase trials and novel therapeutic angles in oral cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McCarthy
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK; (C.O.); (R.J.S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7904-363-109
| | - Stefano Fedele
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 21 University Street, London WC1E 6DE, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Maple House Suite A 1st floor, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK; (C.O.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Richard J. Shaw
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK; (C.O.); (R.J.S.)
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Chen D, Wang M, Guo Y, Wu W, Ji X, Dou X, Tang H, Zong Z, Zhang X, Xiong D. An aberrant DNA methylation signature for predicting the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5936-5947. [PMID: 34313009 PMCID: PMC8419750 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in the etiology and pathogenesis of HNSCC. The current study aimed to develop a predictive methylation signature based on bioinformatics analysis to improve the prognosis and optimize therapeutic outcome in HNSCC. Clinical information and methylation sequencing data of patients with HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The R package was used to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues. We identified 22 DMGs associated with 246 differentially methylated sites. Patients with HNSCC were classified into training and test groups. Cox regression analysis was used to build a risk score formula based on the five methylation sites (cg26428455, cg13754259, cg17421709, cg19229344, and cg11668749) in the training group. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the overall survival (OS) rates were significantly different between the high‐ and low‐risk groups sorted by the signature in the training group (median: 1.38 vs. 1.57 years, log‐rank test, p < 0.001). The predictive power was then validated in the test group (median: 1.34 vs. 1.75 years, log‐rank test, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) based on the signature for predicting the 5‐year survival rates, was 0.7 in the training and 0.73 in test groups, respectively. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the riskscore (RS) signature based on the five methylation sites was an independent prognostic tool for OS prediction in patients. In addition, a predictive nomogram model that incorporated the RS signature and patient clinical information was developed. The innovative methylation signature‐based model developed in our study represents a robust prognostic tool for guiding clinical therapy and predicting the OS in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengyan Zong
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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