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Kamel NM, El-Sayed SS, El-Said YAM, El-Kersh DM, Hashem MM, Mohamed SS. Unlocking milk thistle's anti-psoriatic potential in mice: Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and KEAP1/NRF2/NF-κB pathways to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112781. [PMID: 39059101 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Silybum marianum, known as milk thistle (MT), is traditionally used to manage liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of MT extract topical application as a potential treatment for imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic lesions in mice with particular emphasis on phosphoinositol-3 Kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/ nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (NRF2)/ nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) molecular cascades involvement. To address this aim, forty male Swiss albino mice were subdivided into four groups (n = 10 mice/group): control, IMQ model, standard group where mice were treated topically with IMQ, then the anti-psoriatic mometasone cream, and MT extract-treated group where mice were treated topically with IMQ followed by MT extract. In most measured parameters, MT extract, rich in silymarin, exhibited potent anti-psoriatic activity comparable to the standard cortisone treatment. MT extract mitigated dorsal skin erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickening, reflected by lowering the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. Moreover, it alleviated IMQ-induced splenomegaly. Mechanistically, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was the main functional pathway behind such improvements, where it was significantly inhibited by MT extract application. This led to NRF2 activation via KEAP1 downregulation with subsequent anti-inflammatory effect proven by reducing NF-κB, interleukin (IL)-23, and IL-17A and antioxidant ability proven by boosting the antioxidant glutathione and heme oxygenase-1. Such improvements were confirmed by alleviating the histopathological alteration. Thus, MT extract could be a promising therapeutic agent for psoriasis treatment by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade, along with NRF2 signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Sarah S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin A M El-Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11873, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Sarah S Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Podolean I, Tudorache M. Sustainable Biocatalytic System for the Enzymatic Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4518. [PMID: 39336259 PMCID: PMC11433602 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study is integrated in a global effort to capitalize waste cooking oil (WCO) into versatile compounds by introducing an oxirane ring into the unsaturated carbon chain of fatty acid residues (the epoxidation of double bound). Therefore, an enzymatic method was set up for the epoxidation of artificially adulterated WCO (SFw) and WCO under real conditions (SFr) derived from sunflower biomass. Commercial lipase (Novozyme, NZ) was used as a biocatalyst for generating the peracid requested by the epoxidation pathway. Optimum experimental conditions (e.g., 1.5 wt% NZ, 1:1:0.5 = H2O2/double bonds/peracid precursor (molar ratio) and 12 h reaction time) allowed for the conversion of 90% of the SFw substrate into products with an oxirane ring. Octanoic acid was selected as the best peracid precursor. The versatility of the developed system was tested for olive, milk thistle, hemp and linseed oils as both fresh and WCO samples. The characterization of the oil samples before and after the enzymatic epoxidation allowed for the evaluation of the system performance. SFw/SFr exhibited a better susceptibility to enzymatic epoxidation. In addition, the reusability of the biocatalytic system was investigated. Furthermore, different strategies, such as biocatalyst coating and the addition of organic solvents/buffers were applied, limiting enzyme leaching, for the better recovery of the biocatalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madalina Tudorache
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av., 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
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Maaloul S, Ghzaiel I, Mahmoudi M, Mighri H, Pires V, Vejux A, Martine L, de Barros JPP, Prost-Camus E, Boughalleb F, Lizard G, Abdellaoui R. Characterization of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils: Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant properties supporting important nutritional interests. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304021. [PMID: 38875282 PMCID: PMC11178192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk thistle seed oil is still not a well-known edible oil. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), is present in several countries and is the only known representative of the genus Silybum. However, Silybum eburneum, which is an endemic plant in Spain, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, is considered a marginalized species. The present work is the first report that gives information on the lipid and phenolic profiles of Tunisian S. eburneum seed oil compared to those of Tunisian S. marianum seed oil. In addition, the antioxidant properties of these oils were determined with DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays, and their ability to prevent oxidative stress was determined on human monocytic THP-1 cells. These oils are characterized by high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids; linoleic acid and oleic acid are the most abundant. Campesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and β-amyrin were the major phytosterols identified. α-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol found. These oils also contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds. The diversity and richness of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils in unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols are associated with high antioxidant activities revealed by the DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays. In addition, on THP-1 cells, these oils powerfully reduced the oxidative stress induced by 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, two strongly pro-oxidant oxysterols often present at increased levels in patients with age-related diseases. Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils are therefore important sources of bioactive molecules with nutritional interest that prevent age-related diseases, the frequency of which is increasing in all countries due to the length of life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Maaloul
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maher Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Plant, Soil and Environement Interactions (LR21ES01)-University of Tunis El-Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Ressources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja (LR23ES08), University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Hédi Mighri
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Vivien Pires
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Fayçal Boughalleb
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Raoudha Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
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Ghzaiel I, Maaloul S, Ksila M, Namsi A, Yammine A, Debbabi M, Badreddine A, Meddeb W, Pires V, Nury T, Ménétrier F, Avoscan L, Zarrouk A, Baarine M, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Ghrairi T, Abdellaoui R, Nasser B, Hammami S, Hammami M, Samadi M, Vejux A, Lizard G. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of 7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-Hydroxycholesterol on the Peroxisomal Status: Prevention of Peroxisomal Damages and Concept of Pexotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:437-452. [PMID: 38036892 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol are most often derived from the autoxidation of cholesterol. Their quantities are often increased in the body fluids and/or diseased organs of patients with age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, and sarcopenia which are frequently associated with a rupture of RedOx homeostasis leading to a high oxidative stress contributing to cell and tissue damages. On murine cells from the central nervous system (158N oligodendrocytes, microglial BV-2 cells, and neuronal N2a cells) as well as on C2C12 murine myoblasts, these two oxysterols can induce a mode of cell death which is associated with qualitative, quantitative, and functional modifications of the peroxisome. These changes can be revealed by fluorescence microscopy (apotome, confocal microscopy), transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and gas chromatography-coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Noteworthy, several natural molecules, including ω3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and α-tocopherol, as well as several Mediterranean oils [argan and olive oils, Milk-thistle (Sylibum marianum) and Pistacia lenticus seed oils], have cytoprotective properties and attenuate 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced peroxisomal modifications. These observations led to the concept of pexotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Samah Maaloul
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Yammine
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Meriam Debbabi
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Asma Badreddine
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Vivien Pires
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Nury
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Ménétrier
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laure Avoscan
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Plateforme DimaCell, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mauhamad Baarine
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan I, Settat, Morocco
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz Technopôle, Metz, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France.
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Rabiej-Kozioł D, Momot-Ruppert M, Stawicka B, Szydłowska-Czerniak A. Health Benefits, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Attributes of Selected Cold-Pressed Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:5484. [PMID: 37513356 PMCID: PMC10385027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cold-pressed oils (CPOs) has continuously increased due to their health-promoting compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), tocopherols, sterols, and polyphenols. This study focused on the estimation and comparison of the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of six CPOs: linseed oil (CPLO), pumpkin oil (CPPO), milk thistle oil (CPMTO), rapeseed oil (CPRO), camelina oil (CPCO), and sunflower oil (CPSO), which are the most popular in the Polish market. These oils were analysed for their fatty acid composition (FAC), their tocopherol, sterol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), water, and volatile matter (WVM) contents, as well as their antioxidant activity (AA) and oxidative stability parameters. Moreover, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was performed to obtain detailed information on the sensory profiles and quantitative data on the CPOs' attributes that affected consumer acceptability and purchase intent. All of the analysed CPOs were rich in PUFA (27.94-68.42%). They were characterised by the different total amounts of health-beneficial compounds, such as tocopherols (TTC = 44.04-76.98 mg/100 g), sterols (TSC = 300-684 mg/100 g), and polyphenols (TPC = 2.93-8.32 mg GA/100 g). Additionally, their AA was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, with results ranging between 185.36-396.63, 958.59-1638.58, and 61.93-119.21 µmol TE/100 g, respectively. However, the deterioration parameters of CPOs, such as peroxide values (PV = 0.24-4.61 meq O2/kg), p-anisidine values (pAnV = 0.39-4.77), acid values (AV = 0.31-2.82 mg KOH/g), and impurity amounts (Σ4PAHs = 1.16-8.76 μg/kg and WVM = 0.020-0.090%), did not exceed the level recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The obtained results indicated that all of the investigated CPOs are valuable sources of health-promoting bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrochna Rabiej-Kozioł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Monika Momot-Ruppert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
- Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o., Niepodległości 42, 88-150 Kruszwica, Poland;
| | - Barbara Stawicka
- Bunge Polska Sp. z o.o., Niepodległości 42, 88-150 Kruszwica, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szydłowska-Czerniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.R.-K.); (M.M.-R.)
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Tarasevičienė Ž, Laukagalis V, Paulauskienė A, Baltušnikienė A, Meškinytė E. Quality Changes of Cold-Pressed Black Cumin ( Nigella sativa L.), Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.), and Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum L.) Seed Oils during Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 36987040 PMCID: PMC10052079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oils derived from non-traditional seeds, such as safflower, milk thistle, and black cumin seeds, have recently grown in popularity. Seed oil is in high demand due to consumer interest in illness prevention and health promotion through healthier diets that include a high concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant phenolic components. This study assessed the quality characteristics of cold-pressed seed oil at three unique storage times: at the beginning of the trial (i.e., before storage), after 2 months, and after 4 months. The results of the performed analyses indicate that the acidity of extracted black cumin, safflower, and milk thistle seed oil fluctuates considerably over time. The highest acidity level change was detected for black cumin seed oil, from 10.26% after the extraction to 16.96% after 4 months of storage at 4 °C. Consequently, changes between pre- and post-storage peroxide concentrations were discernible after four months. Peroxide value in milk thistle and safflower seed oils increased by 0.92 meq/kg and 2.00 meq/kg, respectively, during the assessed storage time, while that of black cumin was very high and fluctuated. The storage period substantially affects oxidative changes and the oxidation stability of the oil. Major changes were observed in the polyunsaturated fatty acids in seed oil during storage. The essential changes were detected in the black cumin seed oil odor profile after 4 storage months. Their quality and stability, as well as the nature of the changes that occur during the storage of oil, require extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živilė Tarasevičienė
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Laukagalis
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Paulauskienė
- Institute of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aldona Baltušnikienė
- Animal Production Research and Innovation Center, Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Biochemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus Str. 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edita Meškinytė
- Animal Production Research and Innovation Center, Bioeconomy Research Institute, Agriculture Academy Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gros Q, Wolniaczyk M, Duval J, West C, Horie S, Toyota Y, Funada Y, Lesellier E. Comparison of the triglyceride composition of vegetable samples with ultra-high efficiency / low-pressure supercritical fluid chromatography – mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comparing the extraction methods, chemical composition, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of edible oils from Cannabis sativa and Silybum marianu seeds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20609. [PMID: 36446937 PMCID: PMC9708685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study the cold-pressed, natural (unfiltered, unrefined) vegetable oils: hemp and milk thistle seed oils were tested for their chemical composition and antioxidant properties. The physico-chemical parameters, content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were determined. Solid phase extraction and simple extraction with the use of methanol, ethanol, 80% methanol, 80% ethanol were used to obtain the extracts for the analysis of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in oils. The composition of phenolic compounds was studied by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometric test with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant property of extracts was established by means of the following methods: with the DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, ABTS•+ (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical, FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant parameter) and CUPRAC (cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity). Moreover the influence of chlorogenic acid on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation process in the hemp and milk thistle seed oils was also investigated. The tested oils showed different antioxidant properties which was related to the their different chemical composition. The main phenolic compounds present in hemp seed oil were vanillic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids, (-)epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol and procyanidin B2, whereas in milk thistle seed oil-catechins, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, p-coumaric acid, phloridzin, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol, and syringic acid. The methanolic extracts of hemp and milk thistle seed oils showed the highest antiradical activity, whereas the ethanolic extracts revealed the best reducing properties. The obtained antioxidant parameters for hemp seed oil were: the IC50 = 3.433 ± 0.017 v/v (DPPH test), the percent of ABTS•+ inhibition = 93.301 ± 1.099%, FRAP value = 1063.883 ± 39.225 µmol Fe2+, CUPRAC value = 420.471 ± 1.765 µmol of Trolox. Whereas the antioxidant parameters for milk thistle seed oil were: the IC50 = 5.280 ± 0.584 v/v (DPPH test), 79.59 ± 3.763% (ABTS test), 2891.08 ± 270.044 µmol Fe2+ (FRAP test), 255.48 ± 26.169 µmol of Trolox (CUPRAC assay). Chlorogenic acid effectively inhibited the lipid peroxidation process in hemp and milk thistle seed oils.
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Ghzaiel I, Zarrouk A, Essadek S, Martine L, Hammouda S, Yammine A, Ksila M, Nury T, Meddeb W, Tahri Joutey M, Mihoubi W, Caccia C, Leoni V, Samadi M, Acar N, Andreoletti P, Hammami S, Ghrairi T, Vejux A, Hammami M, Lizard G. Protective effects of milk thistle (Sylibum marianum) seed oil and α-tocopherol against 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced peroxisomal alterations in murine C2C12 myoblasts: Nutritional insights associated with the concept of pexotherapy. Steroids 2022; 183:109032. [PMID: 35381271 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes play an important role in regulating cell metabolism and RedOx homeostasis. Peroxisomal dysfunctions favor oxidative stress and cell death. The ability of 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC; 50 μM, 24 h), known to be increased in patients with age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, to trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction was studied in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The capacity of milk thistle seed oil (MTSO, 100 μg/mL) as well as α-tocopherol (400 µM; reference cytoprotective agent) to counteract the toxic effects of 7β-OHC, mainly at the peroxisomal level were evaluated. The impacts of 7β-OHC, in the presence or absence of MTSO or α-tocopherol, were studied with complementary methods: measurement of cell density and viability, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), evaluation of peroxisomal mass as well as topographic, morphologic and functional peroxisomal changes. Our results indicate that 7β-OHC induces a loss of cell viability and a decrease of cell adhesion associated with ROS overproduction, alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure, a drop of ΔΨm, and several peroxisomal modifications. In the presence of 7β-OHC, comparatively to untreated cells, important quantitative and qualitative peroxisomal modifications were also identified: a) a reduced number of peroxisomes with abnormal sizes and shapes, mainly localized in cytoplasmic vacuoles, were observed; b) the peroxisomal mass was decreased as indicated by lower protein and mRNA levels of the peroxisomal ABCD3 transporter; c) lower mRNA level of Pex5 involved in peroxisomal biogenesis as well as higher mRNA levels of Pex13 and Pex14, involved in peroxisomal biogenesis and/or pexophagy, was found; d) lower levels of ACOX1 and MFP2 enzymes, implicated in peroxisomal β-oxidation, were detected; e) higher levels of very-long-chain fatty acids, which are substrates of peroxisomal β-oxidation, were found. These different cytotoxic effects were strongly attenuated by MTSO, in the same range of order as with α-tocopherol. These findings underline the interest of MTSO and α-tocopherol in the prevention of peroxisomal damages (pexotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghzaiel
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Soukaina Essadek
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Lucy Martine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Souha Hammouda
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aline Yammine
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidet P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mounia Tahri Joutey
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P 1177, Université de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz Technopôle, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis-El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health', Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism'EA7270/Inserm, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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10
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Sumara A, Stachniuk A, Montowska M, Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Grywalska E, Mitura P, Saftić Martinović L, Kraljević Pavelić S, Fornal E. Comprehensive Review of Seven Plant Seed Oils: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Properties, and Biomedical Functions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2067560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Sumara
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Stachniuk
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Montowska
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mitura
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Lukic I, Milovanovic S, Pantic M, Srbljak I, Djuric A, Tadic V, Tyśkiewicz K. Separation of high-value extracts from Silybum marianum seeds: Influence of extraction technique and storage on composition and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Quality, Key Production Factors, and Consumption Volume of Niche Edible Oils Marketed in the European Union. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Consumer’s awareness of the health-promoting aspects of food and their search for products with high nutritional value is driving increased interest in niche oils. Such oils are produced on a small scale due to limited access to raw material and its low oil content. The aim of this multi-criteria analysis was to position niche oils. Data for the study were collected based on a literature review regarding twenty-three niche oils available on the European Union market. Analysis of quality parameters, key production factors, waste reusability, and average annual consumption volume in 2015–2020 was performed. Based on the research, it was concluded that linseed (flaxseed) oil, hemp oil, mustard oil, raspberry seed oil, and sesame oil should be of the most interest to consumers. They are characterized by the highest content of tocopherols, sterols, polyphenols, and carotenoids, a favorable ratio of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pro-ecological and sustainable production technology. Based on the results of the study, the need for empirical research was identified, the key to filling the knowledge gaps in the area of edible niche oils.
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13
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Ramazanov AS, Balaeva SA. Extraction of Fatty Oil from Milk Thistle Fruits with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121070125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Antioxidants as Immunomodulators in Exercise: Implications for Heme Oxygenase and Bilirubin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020179. [PMID: 35204062 PMCID: PMC8868548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective weight maintenance. Exercise boosts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent transient oxidative damage, which also upregulates counterbalancing endogenous antioxidants to protect from ROS-induced damage and inflammation. Exercise elevates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) expression as built-in protective mechanisms, which produce the most potent antioxidant, bilirubin. Together, these mitigate inflammation and adiposity. Moderately raising plasma bilirubin protects in two ways: (1) via its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS and inflammation, and (2) its newly defined function as a hormone that activates the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARα. It is now understood that increasing plasma bilirubin can also drive metabolic adaptions, which improve deleterious outcomes of weight gain and obesity, such as inflammation, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this review is to describe the function of bilirubin as an antioxidant and metabolic hormone and how the HO-1-BVRA-bilirubin-PPARα axis influences inflammation, metabolic function and interacts with exercise to improve outcomes of weight management.
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15
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Phospholipid and n-alkane composition, anti-α-glucosidase and anti-cyclooxygenase activities of milk thistle oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Khemakhem M, Zarroug Y, Jabou K, Selmi S, Bouzouita N. Physicochemical characterization of oil, antioxidant potential, and phenolic profile of seeds isolated from Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. J Food Sci 2021; 86:852-859. [PMID: 33580521 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds oils (PSO) from three Tunisian varieties namely Jebali, Testouri, and Gabsi were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and analyzed for their physicochemical properties, fatty acids (FA) profile, and sterol composition. PSO of Gabsi and Testouri showed the best quality indexes in terms of peroxide and acid values and the highest oxidative stability index was observed for PSO of Gabsi ecotype (2.534 hr). Polyphenol content of PSO of Gabsi ecotype (886.909 mg/kg) was roughly 3 and 23 times higher than that of Jebali and Testouri ecotypes, respectively. Twelve FAs were identified by GC/FID. Punicic acid was the major compounds ranged from 81.53% (Testouri) to 86.41% (Gabsi). The unsaturated/saturated FA ratios of PSO were 14.53, 15.95, and 18.68, respectively for Gabsi, Testouri, and Jebali, respectively. Phytosterols were also identified and β-sitosterol was the major compound in PSO. In addition, the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts obtained from pomegranate seeds residues were investigated. Pomegranate seeds extract (PSE) of Gabsi cultivar showed the highest content of polyphenols (64.762 mg CAE/g) and flavonoids (7.127 mg RE/g). Antioxidant potential of extracts was performed using DPPH test and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results revealed that Gabsi cultivar was the most reactive extract with EC50 of 0.105 mg/mL for DPPH test and 40.622 mg AA/g for TAC. Phenolic profiles of PSE were also investigated. Results showed the importance of cultivar selection in the potential use of bioactive compounds of seeds as nutraceutical ingredients in food and chemical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Three Tunisian pomegranate cultivars namely Jebali, Testouri, and Gabsi were investigated for their seeds oil and phenolic composition. Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO) are rich in bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols that can be of interest in several food and chemical industrial applications. Moreover, pomegranate seeds extracts are a natural source of antioxidant components, such as phenolic compounds, that can be used by the pharmaceutical industry as promising nutraceutical ingredients. The obtained results can be used to provide guidance on cultivar selection during industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Khemakhem
- Higher School of Food Industries of Tunis, Structural Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis and Physicochemical Study, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Carthage University, Tunis, 1003, Tunisia
| | - Youkabed Zarroug
- National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Tunis, 2049, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Jabou
- National Oil Office, Oil quality control laboratory, Tunis, 1001, Tunisia
| | - Sawsen Selmi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, Tunis, 1001, Tunisia
| | - Nabiha Bouzouita
- Higher School of Food Industries of Tunis, Structural Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Synthesis and Physicochemical Study, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Carthage University, Tunis, 1003, Tunisia
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17
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Gaca A, Kludská E, Hradecký J, Hajšlová J, Jeleń HH. Changes in Volatile Compound Profiles in Cold-Pressed Oils Obtained from Various Seeds during Accelerated Storage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020285. [PMID: 33430033 PMCID: PMC7827483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-pressed oils are highly valuable sources of unsaturated fatty acids which are prone to oxidation processes, resulting in the formation of lipid oxidation products, which may deteriorate the sensory quality of the produced oil. The aim of the study was to determine the main volatile compounds which differentiate examined oils and could be used as the markers of lipid oxidation in various oils. In the experiment, cold-pressed oils-brown flaxseed, golden flaxseed, hempseed, milk thistle, black cumin, pumpkin, white poppy seed, blue poppy seed, white sesame, black sesame and argan oils from raw and roasted kernels-were analyzed. To induce oxidative changes, an accelerate storage test was performed, and oils were kept at 60 °C for 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. Volatile compound profiling was performed using SPME-GC-HRToFMS. Additionally, basic measurements such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value, scavenging activity and phenolic compound contents were carried out. Multivariate statistical analyses with volatile compound profiling allow us to differentiate oils in terms of plant variety, oxidation level and seed treatment before pressing. Comparing black cumin cold-pressed oil with other oils, significant differences in volatile compound profiles and scavenging activity were observed. Compounds that may serve as indicators of undergoing oxidation processes in flaxseed, poppy seed, milk thistle and hemp oils were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaca
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Eliška Kludská
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (J.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (J.H.); (J.H.)
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (J.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-72-73
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18
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Stec DE, Hinds TD. Natural Product Heme Oxygenase Inducers as Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9493. [PMID: 33327438 PMCID: PMC7764878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a critical component of the defense mechanism to a wide variety of cellular stressors. HO induction affords cellular protection through the breakdown of toxic heme into metabolites, helping preserve cellular integrity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition by which the liver accumulates fat. The incidence of NAFLD has reached all-time high levels driven primarily by the obesity epidemic. NALFD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advancing further to liver cirrhosis or cancer. NAFLD is also a contributing factor to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. There are currently no drugs to specifically treat NAFLD, with most treatments focused on lifestyle modifications. One emerging area for NAFLD treatment is the use of dietary supplements such as curcumin, pomegranate seed oil, milk thistle oil, cold-pressed Nigella Satvia oil, and resveratrol, among others. Recent studies have demonstrated that several of these natural dietary supplements attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis in NAFLD animal models. The beneficial actions of several of these compounds are associated with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, targeting HO-1 through dietary-supplements may be a useful therapeutic for NAFLD either alone or with lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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19
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Shen HH, Alex R, Bellner L, Raffaele M, Licari M, Vanella L, Stec DE, Abraham NG. Milk thistle seed cold press oil attenuates markers of the metabolic syndrome in a mouse model of dietary-induced obesity. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13522. [PMID: 33047319 PMCID: PMC7770619 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk thistle cold press oil (MTO) is an herbal remedy derived from Silybum marianum which contains a low level of silymarin and mixture of polyphenols and flavonoids. The effect of MTO on the cardiovascular and metabolic complications of obesity was studied in mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks and treated with MTO for the final 8 weeks of the diet. MTO treatment attenuated HFD-induced obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, hypertension, and induced markers of mitochondrial fusion and browning of white adipose. Markers of inflammation were also attenuated in both adipose and the liver of MTO-treated mice. In addition, MTO resulted in the improvement of liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate that MTO has beneficial actions to attenuate dietary obesity-induced weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and suggest that MTO supplementation may prove beneficial to patients exhibiting symptoms of metabolic syndrome. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural supplements are increasingly being considered as potential therapies for many chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Milk thistle cold press oil (MTO) is derived from Silybum marianum which is used as a dietary supplement in different parts of the world. The results of the present study demonstrate that MTO supplementation normalizes several metabolic and cardiovascular complications arising from dietary-induced obesity. MTO supplementation also had anti-inflammatory actions in the adipose as well as the liver. These results suggest that supplementation of MTO into the diet of obese individuals may afford protection against the worsening of cardiovascular and metabolic disease and improve inflammation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Licari
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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20
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Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Oilseed proteins – Properties and application as a food ingredient. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Marszałkiewicz S, Siger A, Gawrysiak-Witulska M, Kmiecik D, Rudzińska M. The effect of drying temperature of milk thistle seeds on quality and bioactive compounds in the lipid fraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:4003-4013. [PMID: 33060864 PMCID: PMC7520502 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Milk thistle oils are available on the market and appeal to consumers because of their healthy properties as cold-pressed oils. The raw material for producing such oils is purchased from a range of domestic and foreign sources. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of drying temperature on the peroxide value, acid value, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and phytosterol contents in the lipid fraction extracted from milk thistle seeds. The seeds were purchased in three different farms and were dried in a thin layer at 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, and 140 °C. The level of phytosterols and the fatty acid composition were determined using GC-FID, while tocopherols concentrations were determined using HPLC. The study showed that the quality of seeds used in the production of oil varies. The drying of milk thistle seeds using air cooler than 80 °C caused no statistically significant changes in AV, p-AnV, phytosterol levels, tocopherols, or SFA levels. Drying temperatures in the 100–140 °C range caused significant losses of phytosterols and tocopherols and also resulted in changes in fatty acid composition. When seeds were dried at 140 °C, phytosterol levels dropped by 19–23%, tocopherols by 10–23%, MUFA by 30%, and PUFA by 11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Marszałkiewicz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Siger
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gawrysiak-Witulska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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22
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Rokosik E, Dwiecki K, Siger A. Nutritional quality and phytochemical contents of cold pressed oil obtained from chia, milk thistle, nigella, and white and black poppy seeds. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0679191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold pressed oils obtained from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.), nigella (Nigella sativa L.), and white and black varieties of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds were characterized. The nutritional quality was determined based on the analysis of fatty acids, tocochromanol and phytosterol contents, as well as antioxidant activity and general physico-chemical properties. Among the oils analyzed the fatty acid composition most beneficial for health was found in chia seed oil, with 65.62% of α-linolenic acid and the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio of 1:3.5. Other oils studied were rich sources of linoleic acid (18.35-74.70%). Chia seed oil was also distinguished by high contents of phytosterols, mainly β-sitosterol (2160.17 mg/kg oil). The highest content of tocochromanols was found in milk thistle oil with dominant α-tocopherol (530.2 mg/kg oil). In contrast, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded for nigella oil (10.23 μM Trolox/g), which indicated that, in addition to tocopherols, other antioxidants influenced its antioxidant potential.
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Zhang ZS, Wang S, Liu H, Li BZ, Che L. Constituents and thermal properties of milk thistle seed oils extracted with three methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The bitter Asteraceae: An interesting approach to delay the metabolic syndrome progression. NFS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ma Y, Wu X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liao X. Comparison of the compounds and characteristics of pepper seed oil by pressure-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and conventional solvent extraction. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Drouet S, Doussot J, Garros L, Mathiron D, Bassard S, Favre-Réguillon A, Molinié R, Lainé É, Hano C. Selective Synthesis of 3- O-Palmitoyl-Silybin, a New-to-Nature Flavonolignan with Increased Protective Action against Oxidative Damages in Lipophilic Media. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102594. [PMID: 30309022 PMCID: PMC6222644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective acylation protocol using cerium chloride (CeCl3) as catalyst was applied to functionalize silybinin (1), a natural antioxidant flavonolignan from milk thistle fruit, in order to increase its solubility in lipophilic media while retaining its strong antioxidant activity. The selective esterification of 1 at the position 3-OH with a palmitate acyl chain leading to the formation of the 3-O-palmitoyl-silybin (2) was confirmed by both mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The antioxidant activity of 1 was at least retained and even increased with the CUPRAC assay designed to estimate the antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Finally, the 3-O-palmitoylation of 1, resulting in the formation of 2, also increased its anti-lipoperoxidant activity (i.e., inhibition of conjugated diene production) in two different lipophilic media (bulk oil and o/w emulsion) subjected to accelerated storage test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
- Département Chimie Vivant Santé (EPN 7), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75141 Paris CEDEX 03, France.
| | - Laurine Garros
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA UMR7311, Université d'Orléans-CNRS, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Solène Bassard
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France.
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Département Chimie Vivant Santé (EPN 7), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75141 Paris CEDEX 03, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (UMR 5285), Université de Lyon, CPE Lyon, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France.
| | - Éric Lainé
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
- Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans CÉDEX 2, France.
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Nury T, Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Ménétrier F, Uzun T, Leoni V, Caccia C, Meddeb W, Namsi A, Sassi K, Mihoubi W, Riedinger JM, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Moreau T, Vejux A, Lizard G. Induction of peroxisomal changes in oligodendrocytes treated with 7-ketocholesterol: Attenuation by α-tocopherol. Biochimie 2018; 153:181-202. [PMID: 30031877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of organelles in cell death is well established especially for endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria. However, the role of the peroxisome is not well known, though peroxisomal dysfunction favors a rupture of redox equilibrium. To study the role of peroxisomes in cell death, 158 N murine oligodendrocytes were treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7 KC: 25-50 μM, 24 h). The highest concentration is known to induce oxiapoptophagy (OXIdative stress + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY), whereas the lowest concentration does not induce cell death. In those conditions (with 7 KC: 50 μM) morphological, topographical and functional peroxisome alterations associated with modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria, with mitochondrial dysfunction (loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential, decreased level of cardiolipins) and oxidative stress were observed: presence of peroxisomes with abnormal sizes and shapes similar to those observed in Zellweger fibroblasts, lower cellular level of ABCD3, used as a marker of peroxisomal mass, measured by flow cytometry, lower mRNA and protein levels (measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting) of ABCD1 and ABCD3 (two ATP-dependent peroxisomal transporters), and of ACOX1 and MFP2 enzymes, and lower mRNA level of DHAPAT, involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation and plasmalogen synthesis, respectively, and increased levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA: C24:0, C24:1, C26:0 and C26:1, quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) metabolized by peroxisomal β-oxidation. In the presence of 7 KC (25 μM), slight mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were found, and no induction of apoptosis was detected; however, modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria and clusters of mitochondria were detected. The peroxisomal alterations observed with 7 KC (25 μM) were similar to those with 7 KC (50 μM). In addition, data obtained by transmission electron microcopy and immunofluorescence microscopy by dual staining with antibodies raised against p62, involved in autophagy, and ABCD3, support that 7 KC (25-50 μM) induces pexophagy. 7 KC (25-50 μM)-induced side effects were attenuated by α-tocopherol but not by α-tocotrienol, whereas the anti-oxidant properties of these molecules determined with the FRAP assay were in the same range. These data provide evidences that 7 KC, at concentrations inducing or not cell death, triggers morphological, topographical and functional peroxisomal alterations associated with minor or major mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nury
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Lab. Biotechnology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Univ. Monastir, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Diseases' LR12-ES-05, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tugba Uzun
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Lab. Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Univ. Carthage, LMMA, IPEST, Tunis, and Fac. of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Lab. Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologie-UR11ES/09, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Fac. of Medicine, Lab of Onco-Hematology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Lab. Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Marc Riedinger
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer GF Leclerc, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Dijon, France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Dept. of Neurology, Univ. Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France.
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