1
|
Nyasulu M, Zhong Q, Li X, Liu X, Wang Z, Chen L, He H, Bian J. Uncovering novel genes for drought stress in rice at germination stage using genome wide association study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1421267. [PMID: 39148613 PMCID: PMC11325455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1421267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Breeding rice with drought tolerance for harsh environments is crucial for agricultural sustainability. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of drought tolerance is vital for developing resilient rice varieties. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as pivotal tools in unravelling the complex genetic architecture of traits like drought tolerance, capitalizing on the natural genetic diversity within rice germplasm collections. Methods In this study, a comprehensive panel of 210 rice varieties was phenotyped over ten days in controlled conditions, subjected to simulated drought stress using 20% PEG 6000 in petri dishes. Throughout the stress period, crucial traits such as germination percentage (GP), germination rate index (GRI), mean germination time (MGT), and seedling percentage (SP) were meticulously monitored. Results The GWAS analysis uncovered a total of 38 QTLs associated with drought tolerance traits, including novel loci like qMGT-5.2, qSP-3, qSP7.2, and qGP-5.2. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis identified ten genes with significant expression differences under drought stress conditions. Notably, haplotype analysis pinpointed elite haplotypes in specific genes linked to heightened drought tolerance. Discussion Overall, this study underscores the importance of GWAS in validating known genes while unearthing novel loci to enrich the genetic resources for enhancing drought tolerance in rice breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mvuyeni Nyasulu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben Romdhane W, Al-Doss A, Hassairi A. The newly assembled chloroplast genome of Aeluropus littoralis: molecular feature characterization and phylogenetic analysis with related species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6472. [PMID: 38499663 PMCID: PMC10948853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeluropus littoralis, a halophyte grass, is widely distributed from the Mediterranean to the Indian subcontinent through the Mongolian Gobi. This model halophyte has garnered increasing attention owing to its use as forage and its high tolerance to environmental stressors. The chloroplast genomes of many plants have been extensively examined for molecular, phylogenetic and transplastomic applications. However, no published research on the A. littoralis chloroplast (cp) genome was discovered. Here, the entire chloroplast genome of A. littoralis was assembled implementing accurate long-read sequences. The entire chloroplast genome, with an estimated length of 135,532 bp (GC content: 38.2%), has a quadripartite architecture and includes a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions, IRa and IRb (21,012 bp each), separated by a large and a small single-copy regions (80,823 and 12,685 bp, respectively). The features of A. littoralis consist of 133 genes that synthesize 87 peptides, 38 transfer RNAs, and 8 ribosomal RNAs. Of these genes, 86 were unique, whereas 19 were duplicated in IR regions. Additionally, a total of forty-six simple sequence repeats, categorized into 32-mono, four-di, two-tri, and eight-tetranucleotides, were discovered. Furthermore, ten sets of repeats greater than 20 bp were located primarily in the LSC region. Evolutionary analysis based on chloroplast sequence data revealed that A. littoralis with A. lagopoides and A. sinensis belong to the Aeluropodinae subtribe, which is a sister to the Eleusininae in the tribe Cynodonteae and the subfamily Chloridoideae. This subfamily belongs to the PACMAD clade, which contains the majority of the C4 photosynthetic plants in the Poaceae. The newly constructed A. littoralis cp genome offers valuable knowledge for DNA barcoding, phylogenetic, transplastomic research, and other biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ben Romdhane
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Plant Production Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Plant Production Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afif Hassairi
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Plant Production Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo DH, Jang J, Park D, Yoon Y, Choi YD, Jang G. PEP-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 3 regulates rice tiller formation and grain yield by controlling chloroplast biogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:805-818. [PMID: 37819034 PMCID: PMC10828210 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) plays a pivotal role in chloroplast development by governing the transcription of chloroplast genes, and PEP-associated proteins (PAPs) modulate PEP transcriptional activity. Therefore, PAPs provide an intriguing target for those efforts to improve yield, by enhancing chloroplast development. In this study, we identified the rice (Oryza sativa) OsPAP3 gene and characterized its function in chloroplast development. OsPAP3 expression was light-dependent and leaf-specific, similar to the PEP-dependent chloroplast gene RUBISCO LARGE SUBUNIT (OsRbcL), and OsPAP3 protein localized to chloroplast nucleoids where PEP functions. Analysis of loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants showed that the expression of OsPAP3 is tightly linked to chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in rice. Homozygous knockout mutants of OsPAP3 had fewer chloroplasts than wild type, whereas plants overexpressing OsPAP3 had more chloroplasts. Also, OsPAP3 knockout suppressed the PEP-dependent expression of chloroplast genes, but OsPAP3 overexpression increased their expression. These findings indicate that OsPAP3 regulates chloroplast biogenesis in rice by controlling the PEP-dependent expression of chloroplast genes. More importantly, data from 3 seasons of field cultivation revealed that the overexpression of OsPAP3 improves rice grain yield by approximately 25%, largely due to increased tiller formation. Collectively, these observations suggest that OsPAP3 regulates rice growth and productivity by promoting chloroplast development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok Hyun Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seyedi FS, Nafchi MG, Reezi S. Effects of light spectra on morphological characteristics, primary and specialized metabolites of Thymus vulgaris L. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23032. [PMID: 38148820 PMCID: PMC10750077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that profoundly influences the growth and development of plants. However, the precise mechanisms by which light affects biochemical processes and growth and development factors in Thymus vulgaris remain unknown, necessitating further investigation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different light spectra, including red, blue, red-blue, and white lights, on the morphological characteristics, primary, and specialized metabolites of T. vulgaris. Compared to white light, red light significantly increased leaf area (by 64 %), the number of branches (by 132 %), and dry weight (by 6.2 %), although a 40 % reduction in fresh weight was observed under red light conditions. Red-blue light notably enhanced canopy width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the plant's essential oil (EO) revealed that p-Cymene and γ-Terpinene were present at the highest levels. Notably, p-Cymene exhibited the highest concentrations under white light and blue light treatments, reaching 60.92 % and 59.53 %, respectively. Moreover, under the same light conditions, phenol and antioxidant levels were significantly elevated. Overall, these findings indicate that red and red-blue light spectra are the most favorable for thyme production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forouh Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Saeed Reezi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Lu Z, Wang J, Bao H, Zhang H, Jiang M. Complete chloroplast genome of Tricyrtis xianjuensis Li, Chen & Ma 2014 (Liliaceae): a species endemic to Zhejiang province, China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:60-65. [PMID: 38197054 PMCID: PMC10776049 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2301021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tricyrtis xianjuensis Li, Chen & Ma 2014 is a rare and endangered species endemic to Zhejiang province, with fewer than 200 individuals in the wild. In our present study, the complete chloroplast genome of T. xianjuensis was assembled by using high-throughput sequencing data, and its genomic features were described and comparative genomic analyses within Liliaceae family were performed. The complete chloroplast genome of T. xianjuensis was 155,748 bp in length, exhibiting a GC content of 37.3%. This genome structure contained two inverted repeats (IRs), as well as a small single-copy (SSC) and a large single-copy (LSC) region. The IR region measured 26,371 bp, while the SSC and LSC regions were 17,729 bp and 85,277 bp in length, respectively. A total of 137 genes were identified, including 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and six pseudogenes. Phylogenic analysis revealed T. xianjuensis shared a clade with T. formosana Baker 1879 and T. macropoda Miq. 1867, with a support rate of 100%. The assembly and analysis of T. xianjuensis chloroplast genome provided an insight into further studies on the conservation genetics of this endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leqin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Scientific Research Management Center, East China Medicinal Botanical Garden, Lishui, China
| | - Honghua Bao
- Taizhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Taizhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Wang L, Kong X, Chen Z, Zhong S, Li X, Shan R, You X, Wei K, Chen C. Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Revealed Different Regulatory Networks of Metabolic Flux in Tea Plants [ Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] with Varied Leaf Colors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:242. [PMID: 38203412 PMCID: PMC10779186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf color variations in tea plants were widely considered due to their attractive phenotypes and characteristic flavors. The molecular mechanism of color formation was extensively investigated. But few studies focused on the transformation process of leaf color change. In this study, four strains of 'Baijiguan' F1 half-sib generation with similar genetic backgrounds but different colors were used as materials, including Green (G), Yellow-Green (Y-G), Yellow (Y), and Yellow-Red (Y-R). The results of broadly targeted metabolomics showed that 47 metabolites were differentially accumulated in etiolated leaves (Y-G, Y, and Y-R) as compared with G. Among them, lipids were the main downregulated primary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which were closely linked with the thylakoid membrane and chloroplast structure. Flavones and flavonols were the dominant upregulated secondary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which might be a repair strategy for reducing the negative effects of dysfunctional chloroplasts. Further integrated analysis with the transcriptome indicated different variation mechanisms of leaf phenotype in Y-G, Y, and Y-R. The leaf color formation of Y-G and Y was largely determined by the increased content of eriodictyol-7-O-neohesperidoside and the enhanced activities of its modification process, while the color formation of Y-R depended on the increased contents of apigenin derivates and the vigorous processes of their transportation and transcription factor regulation. The key candidate genes, including UDPG, HCT, CsGSTF1, AN1/CsMYB75, and bHLH62, might play important roles in the flavonoid pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China;
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sitong Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinlei Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ruiyang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaomei You
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China;
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.K.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (R.S.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanwar N, Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK, Bansal KC. Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1001-1018. [PMID: 35815847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sagar S Arya
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin X, Xiao Y, Wang K, Wu W, Huang J, Liu S, Zhang S. Effect of shaking manners on floral aroma quality and identification of key floral-aroma-active compounds in Hunan black tea. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113515. [PMID: 37986507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Shaking is a key process effecting the floral aroma of Hunan black tea (HBT). In this study, the aroma composition of HBTs shaken in the early withering stage (ES1, ES1 + LS1, and ES2), shaken in the late withering stage (LS1), and not shaken (NS), and the identification of main floral aroma compounds were analyzed using sensory evaluation combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and aroma recombination experiments. Sensory evaluation results showed that the floral aroma of HBT shaken in the early withering stage was with high intensity, whereas HBT shaken in the late withering stage had low-intensity floral aroma. GC-MS identified a total number of 81 differential volatile compounds in HBT, including 30 esters, 18 aldehydes, 15 alcohols, 12 terpenes, 4 ketones, and 2 nitrogen-containing compounds. Further screening of important floral aroma differential compounds was performed using sensory-guided, odor activity value (OAV), and GC-O analysis, which identified three critical floral aroma differential compounds. Eventually, absolute quantification analysis and aroma recombination experiments confirmed that indole and methyl jasmonate were the most critical compounds of HBT determining floral aroma intensity. The findings of this study provide valuable guidance for the production of HBT with rich floral aroma attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yangbo Xiao
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kuofei Wang
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Education Ministry, Hunan Agricultural University, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Tea Quality Chemistry and Nutrition Health/Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Tea Plant and Tea Processing Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kupčinskienė A, Brazaitytė A, Rasiukevičiūtė N, Valiuškaitė A, Morkeliūnė A, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V. Vegetation Indices for Early Grey Mould Detection in Lettuce Grown under Different Lighting Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4042. [PMID: 38068676 PMCID: PMC10871106 DOI: 10.3390/plants12234042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogenic fungi in controlled environment areas can prevent major food production losses. Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea is often detected as an infection on lettuce. This paper explores the use of vegetation indices for early detection and monitoring of grey mould on lettuce under different lighting conditions in controlled environment chambers. The aim was focused on the potential of using vegetation indices for the early detection of grey mould and on evaluating their changes during disease development in lettuce grown under different lighting conditions. The experiment took place in controlled environment chambers, where day/night temperatures were 21 ± 2/17 ± 2 °C, a 16 h photoperiod was established, and relative humidity was 70 ± 10% under different lighting conditions: high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Lettuces were inoculated by 7-day-old fungus Botrytis cinerea isolate at the BBCH 21. As a control, non-inoculated lettuces were grown under HPS and LEDs (non-inoculated). Then, the following were evaluated: Anthocyanin Reflectance Index 2 (ARI2); Carotenoid Reflectance Index 2 (CRI2); Structure Intensive Pigment Index (SIPI); Flavanol Reflectance Index (FRI); Greenness (G); Greenness 2 (G2); Redness (R); Blue (B); Blue Green Index 2 (BGI2); Browning Index 2 (BRI2); Lichtenthaler Index 1 (LIC1); Pigment Specific Simple Ratio (PSSRa and PSSRb); Gitelson and Merzlyak (GM1 and GM2); Zarco Tejada-Miller Index (ZMI); Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Simple Ratio (SR); Red-Eye Vegetation Stress Index (RVSI); Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI); Photochemical Reflectance Index 515 (PRI515); Water Band Index (WBI); specific disease index for individual study (fD); Healthy Index (HI); Plant Senescence Reflectance (PSRI); Vogelmann Red Edge Index (VREI1); Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RENDVI); and Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio (MRESRI). Our results showed that the PSRI and fD vegetation indices significantly detected grey mould on lettuce grown under both lighting systems (HPS and LEDs) the day after inoculation. The results conclusively affirmed that NDVI, PSRI, HI, fD, WBI, RVSI, PRI, PRI515, CRI2, SIPI, chlorophyll index PSSRb, and coloration index B were identified as the best indicators for Botrytis cinerea infection on green-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv Little Gem) at the early stage of inoculated lettuce's antioxidative response against grey mould with a significant increase in chlorophyll indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asta Kupčinskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.B.); (N.R.); (A.V.); (A.M.); (V.V.-K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen Y, Jiang W, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang S, Yang X, Liu M, Zhang Y. Understanding the mechanism of red light-induced melatonin biosynthesis facilitates the engineering of melatonin-enriched tomatoes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5525. [PMID: 37684283 PMCID: PMC10491657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a functionally conserved broad-spectrum physiological regulator found in most biological organisms in nature. Enrichment of tomato fruit with melatonin not only enhances its agronomic traits but also provides extra health benefits. In this study, we elucidate the full melatonin biosynthesis pathway in tomato fruit by identifying biosynthesis-related genes that encode caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 2 (SlCOMT2) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-methyltransferases 5/7 (SlASMT5/7). We further reveal that red light supplementation significantly enhances the melatonin content in tomato fruit. This induction relies on the "serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin" biosynthesis route via the SlphyB2-SlPIF4-SlCOMT2 module. Based on the regulatory mechanism, we design a gene-editing strategy to target the binding motif of SlPIF4 in the promoter of SlCOMT2, which significantly enhances the production of melatonin in tomato fruit. Our study provides a good example of how the understanding of plant metabolic pathways responding to environmental factors can guide the engineering of health-promoting foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Andrade-Marcial M, Ruíz-May E, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Pacheco N, Herrera-Pool E, De-la-Peña C. Proteome of Agave angustifolia Haw.: Uncovering metabolic alterations, over-accumulation of amino acids, and compensatory pathways in chloroplast-deficient albino plantlets. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107902. [PMID: 37506650 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AA) are essential molecules for plant physiology, acting as precursor molecules for proteins and other organic compounds. Chloroplasts play a vital role in AA metabolism, yet little is known about the impact on AA metabolism of albino plants' lack of chloroplasts. In this study, we conducted a quantitative proteome analysis on albino and variegated somaclonal variants of Agave angustifolia Haw. to investigate metabolic alterations in chloroplast-deficient plants, with a focus on AA metabolic pathways. We identified 82 enzymes involved in AA metabolism, with 32 showing differential accumulation between the somaclonal variants. AaCM, AaALS, AaBCAT, AaIPMS1, AaSHMT, AaAST, AaCGS, and AaMS enzymes were particularly relevant in chloroplast-deficient Agave plantlets. Both variegated and albino phenotypes exhibited excessive synthesis of AA typically associated with chloroplasts (aromatic AAs, BCAAs, Asp, Lys, Pro and Met). Consistent trends were observed for AaBCAT and AaCM at mRNA and protein levels in albino plantlets. These findings highlight the critical activation and reprogramming of AA metabolic pathways in plants lacking chloroplasts. This study contributes to unraveling the intricate relationship between AA metabolism and chloroplast absence, offering insights into survival mechanisms of albino plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Andrade-Marcial
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - J M Elizalde-Contreras
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - N Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Unidad Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264 Km 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, CP, 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - E Herrera-Pool
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Unidad Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264 Km 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, CP, 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei Y, Wang S, Yu D. The Role of Light Quality in Regulating Early Seedling Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2746. [PMID: 37514360 PMCID: PMC10383958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that plants are sessile and photoautotrophic organisms that rely on light throughout their entire life cycle. Light quality (spectral composition) is especially important as it provides energy for photosynthesis and influences signaling pathways that regulate plant development in the complex process of photomorphogenesis. During previous years, significant progress has been made in light quality's physiological and biochemical effects on crops. However, understanding how light quality modulates plant growth and development remains a complex challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of light quality in regulating the early development of plants, encompassing processes such as seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, and seedling establishment. These insights can be harnessed to improve production planning and crop quality by producing high-quality seedlings in plant factories and improving the theoretical framework for modern agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dashi Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farabi K, Runadi D, Kuncoro H, Harneti D, Mayanti T, Azmi MN, Fajriah S, Supratman U. The Cytotoxic Activity of Dammarane-Type Triterpenoids Isolated from the Stem Bark of Aglaia cucullata (Meliaceae). Molecules 2023; 28:4946. [PMID: 37446608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aglaia genus, a member of the Meliaceae family, is generally recognized to include a number of secondary metabolite compounds with diverse structures and biological activities, including triterpenoids. Among the members of this genus, Aglaia cucullata has been reported to have unique properties and thrives exclusively in mangrove ecosystems. This plant is also known to contain various metabolites, such as flavaglines, bisamides, and diterpenoids, but there are limited reports on the isolation of triterpenoid compounds from its stem bark. Therefore, this research attempted to isolate and elucidate seven triterpenoids belonging to dammarane-type (1-7) from the stem bark of Aglaia cucullata. The isolated compounds included 20S,24S-epoxy-3α,25-dihydroxy-dammarane (1), dammaradienone (2), 20S-hydroxy-dammar-24-en-3-on (3), eichlerianic acid (4), (20S,24RS)-23,24-epoxy-24-methoxy-25,26,27-tris-nor dammar-3-one (5), 3α-acetyl-cabraleahydroxy lactone (6), and 3α-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-3α,25-dihydroxydammarane (7). Employing spectroscopic techniques, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were identified using FTIR, NMR, and HRESITOF-MS. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-7 was tested with the PrestoBlue cell viability reagent against MCF-7 breast cancer, B16-F10 melanoma, and CV-1 normal kidney fibroblast cell lines. The results displayed that compound 5 had the highest level of bioactivity compared to the others. Furthermore, the IC50 values obtained were more than 100 μM, indicating the low potential of natural dammarane-type triterpenoids as anticancer agents. These findings provided opportunities for further studies aiming to increase their cytotoxic activities through semi-synthetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kindi Farabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dudi Runadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Complex Cibinong Science Center-BRIN, Cibinong 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu JS, You MK, Lee YJ, Ha SH. Stepwise protein targeting into plastoglobules are facilitated by three hydrophobic regions of rice phytoene synthase 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1181311. [PMID: 37324722 PMCID: PMC10264786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules (PGs) are plastidial lipid droplets enclosed by a polar monolayer born from the thylakoid membrane when plants require active lipid metabolism, including carotenogenesis, under the environmental stress and during plastid transition. Despite the fact that many proteins are reported to target PGs, their translocation mechanism has remained largely unexplored. To elucidate this process, we studied the influence of three hydrophobic regions (HR)-HR1 (1-45th aa), HR2 (46-80th aa), and HR3 (229-247th aa)-of rice phytoene synthase 2 (OsPSY2, 398 aa), which has previously shown to target PGs. As results, HR1 includes the crucial sequence (31-45th aa) for chloroplast import and the stromal cleavage occurs at a specific alanine site (64th aa) within HR2, verifying that a N-terminal 64-aa-region works as the transit peptide (Tp). HR2 has a weak PG-targeting signal by showing synchronous and asynchronous localization patterns in both PGs and stroma of chloroplasts. HR3 exhibited a strong PG-targeting role with the required positional specificity to prevent potential issues such as non-accumulation, aggregation, and folding errors in proteins. Herein, we characterized a Tp and two transmembrane domains in three HRs of OsPSY2 and propose a spontaneous pathway for its PG-translocation with a shape embedded in the PG-monolayer. Given this subplastidial localization, we suggest six sophisticated tactics for plant biotechnology applications, including metabolic engineering and molecular farming.
Collapse
|
16
|
Richter AS, Nägele T, Grimm B, Kaufmann K, Schroda M, Leister D, Kleine T. Retrograde signaling in plants: A critical review focusing on the GUN pathway and beyond. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100511. [PMID: 36575799 PMCID: PMC9860301 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via retrograde signaling, allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted appropriately. Signaling during plastid biogenesis and responses of mature chloroplasts to environmental changes are designated "biogenic" and "operational" controls, respectively. A prominent example of the investigation of biogenic signaling is the screen for gun (genomes uncoupled) mutants. Although the first five gun mutants were identified 30 years ago, the functions of GUN proteins in retrograde signaling remain controversial, and that of GUN1 is hotly disputed. Here, we provide background information and critically discuss recently proposed concepts that address GUN-related signaling and some novel gun mutants. Moreover, considering heme as a candidate in retrograde signaling, we revisit the spatial organization of heme biosynthesis and export from plastids. Although this review focuses on GUN pathways, we also highlight recent progress in the identification and elucidation of chloroplast-derived signals that regulate the acclimation response in green algae and plants. Here, stress-induced accumulation of unfolded/misassembled chloroplast proteins evokes a chloroplast-specific unfolded protein response, which leads to changes in the expression levels of nucleus-encoded chaperones and proteases to restore plastid protein homeostasis. We also address the importance of chloroplast-derived signals for activation of flavonoid biosynthesis leading to production of anthocyanins during stress acclimation through sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 1. Finally, a framework for identification and quantification of intercompartmental signaling cascades at the proteomic and metabolomic levels is provided, and we discuss future directions of dissection of organelle-nucleus communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Richter
- Physiology of Plant Metabolism, Institute for Biosciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goncharuk EA, Zubova MY, Nechaeva TL, Kazantseva VV, Gulevich AA, Baranova EN, Lapshin PV, Katanskaya VM, Aksenova MA, Zagoskina NV. Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on In Vitro Cultures of Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) Grown in the Dark and in the Light: Morphology, Content of Malondialdehyde, and Accumulation of Various Polyphenols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196674. [PMID: 36235213 PMCID: PMC9572957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) are phenol-accumulating crops that are widely used for public health. The healing effect of tea leaf products is due to the biosynthesis of such phenolic compounds (PCs) as flavans, which have P-vitamin capillary-strengthening activity. Due to their limited habitat and the value of their specialized metabolites of a phenolic nature, a promising approach is to establish in vitro cultures from them that retain the ability to form PCs, which is characteristic of ex vivo tea plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenic H2O2 (0.01 mM; 0.1 mM; 1 mM) on the growth, morphology, degree of stress response, and accumulation of various phenolic compounds in tea plant callus cultures of different ages (24 or 36 days) grown under different cultivation conditions (darkness or light). According to the results obtained, the H2O2 effect on tea callus cultures of different ages did not cause changes in their morphophysiological characteristics, both after 2 h of exposure (rapid response of callus culture, RRCC) and after 48 h (delayed response of callus culture, DRCC). The determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which serves as an indicator of changes in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the presence of stress responses in plant cells, indicated either its maintenance at the control level, a decrease, or an increase. All these effects depended on the growth conditions of the tea callus cultures (darkness or light), their age, the duration of exposure (rapid or delayed response), and the H2O2 concentration. Similar trends were noted for the total content of PCs as well as the amount of flavans, proanthocyanidins (soluble and insoluble forms), and lignin. The plant cell responses reflected changes in its adaptation programs, when specialized metabolites act as a target for the action of H2O2, thereby contributing to an increase in their resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia A. Goncharuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.A.G.); (A.A.G.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Maria Yu. Zubova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana L. Nechaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara V. Kazantseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.A.G.); (A.A.G.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V. Lapshin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera M. Katanskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Aksenova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.A.G.); (A.A.G.); (N.V.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu G, Hu Q, Zhang X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Melatonin biosynthesis and signal transduction in plants in response to environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5818-5827. [PMID: 35522986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, the most widely distributed hormone in nature, plays important roles in plants. Many physiological processes in plants are linked to melatonin, including seed germination, anisotropic cell growth, and senescence. Compared with animals, different plants possess diverse melatonin biosynthetic pathways and regulatory networks. Whereas melatonin biosynthesis in animals is known to be regulated by ambient signals, little is known about how melatonin biosynthesis in plants responds to environmental signals. Plants are affected by numerous environmental factors, such as light, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, soil conditions, and nutrient availability at all stages of development and in different tissues. Melatonin content exhibits dynamic changes that affect plant growth and development. Melatonin plays various species-specific roles in plant responses to different environmental conditions. However, much remains to be learned, as not all environmental factors have been studied, and little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors influence melatonin biosynthesis. In this review, we provide a detailed, systematic description of melatonin biosynthesis and signaling and of the roles of melatonin in plant responses to different environmental factors, providing a reference for in-depth research on this important issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC), Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dissecting the Chloroplast Proteome of the Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) and Its Comparison with the Tuber Amyloplast Proteome. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151915. [PMID: 35893618 PMCID: PMC9332351 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chloroplast, the energy organelle unique to plants and green algae, performs many functions, including photosynthesis and biosynthesis of metabolites. However, as the most critical tuber crop worldwide, the chloroplast proteome of potato (Solanum tuberosum) has not been explored. Here, we use Percoll density gradient centrifugation to isolate intact chloroplasts from leaves of potato cultivar E3 and establish a reference proteome map of potato chloroplast by bottom-up proteomics. A total of 1834 non-redundant proteins were identified in the chloroplast proteome, including 51 proteins encoded by the chloroplast genome. Extensive sequence-based localization prediction revealed over 62% of proteins to be chloroplast resident by at least one algorithm. Sixteen proteins were selected to evaluate the prediction result by transient fluorescence assay, which confirmed that 14 were distributed in distinct internal compartments of the chloroplast. In addition, we identified 136 phosphorylation sites in 61 proteins encoded by chloroplast proteome. Furthermore, we reconstruct the snapshots along starch metabolic pathways in the two different types of plastids by a comparative analysis between chloroplast and previously reported amyloplast proteomes. Altogether, our results establish a comprehensive proteome map with post-translationally modified sites of potato chloroplast, which would provide the theoretical principle for the research of the photosynthesis pathway and starch metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Light Intensity- and Spectrum-Dependent Redox Regulation of Plant Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071311. [PMID: 35883801 PMCID: PMC9312225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light intensity and spectrum (280–800 nm) affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport. ROS, together with antioxidants, determine the redox environment in tissues and cells, which in turn has a major role in the adjustment of metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. This process is very important since there are great spatial (latitude, altitude) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light conditions which are accompanied by fluctuations in temperature, water supply, and biotic stresses. The blue and red spectral regimens are decisive in the regulation of metabolism because of the absorption maximums of chlorophylls and the sensitivity of photoreceptors. Based on recent publications, photoreceptor-controlled transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and changes in the cellular redox environment may have a major role in the coordinated fine-tuning of metabolic processes during changes in light conditions. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the light-associated redox control of basic metabolic pathways (carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, sulphur, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism), secondary metabolism (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and related molecular mechanisms. Light condition-related reprogramming of metabolism is the basis for proper growth and development of plants; therefore, its better understanding can contribute to more efficient crop production in the future.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cheng X, Wang R, Liu X, Zhou L, Dong M, Rehman M, Fahad S, Liu L, Deng G. Effects of Light Spectra on Morphology, Gaseous Exchange, and Antioxidant Capacity of Industrial Hemp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:937436. [PMID: 35720586 PMCID: PMC9201404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important growth factors in cannabis cultivation is light which plays a big role in its successful growth. However, understanding that how light controls the industrial hemp growth and development is poor and needs advanced research. Therefore, a pot study was conducted to investigate the effects of different colors of light, that is, white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and 50% red with 50% blue mix light (RBL) on morphology, gaseous exchange and antioxidant capacity of industrial hemp. Compared with WL, BL significantly increase hemp growth in terms of shoot fresh biomass (15.1%), shoot dry biomass (27.0%), number of leaves per plant (13.7%), stem diameter (10.2%), root length (6.8%) and chlorophyll content (7.4%). In addition, BL promoted net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, while reduces the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. However, RL and RBL significantly reduced the plant biomass, gas exchange parameters with enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities. Thus, blue light is useful for large-scale sustainable production of industrial hemp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Minghua Dong
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jeong YS, Choi H, Kim JK, Baek SA, You MK, Lee D, Lim SH, Ha SH. Overexpression of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 transcription factor simultaneously enhances chloroplast-dependent metabolites in rice grains. Metab Eng 2022; 70:89-101. [PMID: 35032672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The OsMYBR22 (same to OsRVE1), an R1type-MYB transcription factor belonging to the rice CCA1-like family, was upregulated under blue light condition, which enhanced the chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. The overexpression of OsMYBR22 in rice (Oryza sativa, L) led to everlasting green seeds and leaves of a darker green. Transgene expression patterns showed more concordance with chlorophyll than carotenoid profiles. The transcript levels of most genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation examined were similarly repressed in the late maturing stages of seeds. It proposed that rice seeds have the feedback regulatory mechanism for chlorophyll biosynthesis and also implied that evergreen seed traits might be caused due to the inhibition of degradation rather than the promotion of biosynthesis for chlorophylls. Metabolomics revealed that OsMYBR22 overexpression largely and simultaneously enhanced the contents of nutritional and functional metabolites such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, amino acids including lysine and threonine, and amino acid derivatives including γ-aminobutyric acid, which are mostly biosynthesized in chloroplasts. Transmission electron microscopy anatomically demonstrated greener phenotypes with an increase in the number and thickness of chloroplasts in leaves and the structurally retentive chloroplasts in tubular and cross cells of the seed inner pericarp region. In conclusion, the molecular actions of OsMYBR22/OsRVE1 provided a new strategy for the biofortified rice variety, an "Evergreen Rice," with high accumulation of chloroplast-localized metabolites in rice grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sol Jeong
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebak Choi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung You
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- School of Biotechnology, Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu P, Huang H, Zhao X, Zhong N, Zheng H. Dynamic variation of amino acid content during black tea processing: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2015374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ni Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfa Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhong Y, Wang L, Ma Z, Du X. Physiological responses and transcriptome analysis of Spirodela polyrhiza under red, blue, and white light. PLANTA 2021; 255:11. [PMID: 34855030 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red light (RL) accelerated starch accumulation in S. polyrhiza, but higher protein content under blue light (BL) was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched for specific GO terms and KEGG pathways. Red light (RL) and blue light (BL) greatly influence the growth and physiological processes of duckweed. Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of duckweed to different light qualities remain unclear. This study employed physiological and transcriptomic analyses on duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza "5510", to elucidate its differential response mechanisms under RL, BL, and white light conditions. Changes in growth indicators, ultrastructure alterations, metabolite accumulations, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were measured. The results showed that BL promoted both biomass and protein accumulations, while RL promoted starch accumulation. A total of 633, 518, and 985 DEGs were found in white-vs-red, white-vs-blue, and red-vs-blue comparison groups, respectively. In Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the DEGs in all three comparison groups were significantly enriched in two GO terms, carboxylic acid metabolic process and lyase activity. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the DEGs were greatly enriched in two pathways, histidine metabolism and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Higher protein content under BL was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched with the GO terms and KEGG pathways. Furthermore, the light qualities influenced the gene expression patterns of other metabolic pathways, like carotenoid biosynthesis, and the regulation of these genes may explain the level of photosynthetic pigment content. The results revealed the physiological changes and transcriptome-level responses of duckweed to three light qualities, thereby providing bases for further research studies on the ability of duckweed as a biomass energy source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Le Wang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - ZiMing Ma
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kilic S, Coskun Y, Duran RE. Interactions of melatonin with the micro-morphological structures and physiological characteristics of lemon balm. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:183-189. [PMID: 34800822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is defined as a plant master regulator. It regulates plant growth and development in various stress environments by increasing in amount. Effects of external MEL application on the content of the secretion products in micro-morphological structures of leaf trichomes of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) without the presence of external stress factors were characterized. The relationships between different MEL concentrations and changes in type, density and size of trichomes, total chlorophyll and proline amounts, and secretion products were defined. Furthermore, monoterpenoids, which are the main products of trichomes that determine the quality of essential oils in lemon balm, varied under the effects of MEL. Especially 100 mM MEL concentration had the most dramatic impact. The highest number of glandular trichomes (GT) were observed at this concentration. 150 mM concentration of MEL had the opposite effect. At this concentration, significant decreases in secondary metabolite content and glandular structures were observed. Thus, it was concluded that MEL had a positive effect on these parameters up to a certain concentration. Changes in the size and number of GT due to MEL application is greatly reflected by the quality and content of secondary metabolites. Total chlorophyll, proline and monoterpene numbers were highest at 100 mM MEL concentration. The effects of MEL application without the presence of any stress conditions were supported by total chlorophyll and proline content. Important information was obtained about the relationship of these effects with the density of peltate trichomes and the chemical compounds and quality of essential oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Kilic
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Coskun
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey.
| | - Ragbet Ezgi Duran
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32 260, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma T, Gao H, Zhang D, Sun W, Yin Q, Wu L, Zhang T, Xu Z, Wei J, Su Y, Shi Y, Ding D, Yuan L, Dong G, Leng L, Xiang L, Chen S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Light-Regulated Alternative Splicing in Artemisia annua L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733505. [PMID: 34659300 PMCID: PMC8511310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is currently the most effective ingredient in the treatment of malaria, which is thus of great significance to study the genetic regulation of Artemisia annua. Alternative splicing (AS) is a regulatory process that increases the complexity of transcriptome and proteome. The most common mechanism of alternative splicing (AS) in plant is intron retention (IR). However, little is known about whether the IR isoforms produced by light play roles in regulating biosynthetic pathways. In this work we would explore how the level of AS in A. annua responds to light regulation. We obtained a new dataset of AS by analyzing full-length transcripts using both Illumina- and single molecule real-time (SMRT)-based RNA-seq as well as analyzing AS on various tissues. A total of 5,854 IR isoforms were identified, with IR accounting for the highest proportion (48.48%), affirming that IR is the most common mechanism of AS. We found that the number of up-regulated IR isoforms (1534/1378, blue and red light, respectively) was more than twice that of down-regulated (636/682) after treatment of blue or red light. In the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, 10 genes produced 16 differentially expressed IR isoforms. This work demonstrated that the differential expression of IR isoforms induced by light has the potential to regulate sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. This study also provides high accuracy full-length transcripts, which can be a valuable genetic resource for further research of A. annua, including areas of development, breeding, and biosynthesis of active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Liang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ling Q, Sadali NM, Soufi Z, Zhou Y, Huang B, Zeng Y, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Jarvis RP. The chloroplast-associated protein degradation pathway controls chromoplast development and fruit ripening in tomato. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:655-666. [PMID: 34007040 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of green fleshy fruit to become colourful and flavoursome is an important strategy for plant reproduction and dispersal. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and many other species, fruit ripening is intimately linked to the biogenesis of chromoplasts, the plastids that are abundant in ripe fruit and specialized for the accumulation of carotenoid pigments. Chromoplasts develop from pre-existing chloroplasts in the fruit, but the mechanisms underlying this transition are poorly understood. Here, we reveal a role for the chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD) proteolytic pathway in chromoplast differentiation. Knockdown of the plastid ubiquitin E3 ligase SP1, or its homologue SPL2, delays tomato fruit ripening, whereas overexpression of SP1 accelerates ripening, as judged by colour changes. We demonstrate that SP1 triggers broader effects on fruit ripening, including fruit softening, and gene expression and metabolism changes, by promoting the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition. Moreover, we show that tomato SP1 and SPL2 regulate leaf senescence, revealing conserved functions of CHLORAD in plants. We conclude that SP1 homologues control plastid transitions during fruit ripening and leaf senescence by enabling reconfiguration of the plastid protein import machinery to effect proteome reorganization. The work highlights the critical role of chromoplasts in fruit ripening, and provides a theoretical basis for engineering crop improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Ling
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Najiah Mohd Sadali
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ziad Soufi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binquan Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oxidative Stress-Induced Alteration of Plant Central Metabolism. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040304. [PMID: 33915958 PMCID: PMC8066879 DOI: 10.3390/life11040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an integral component of various stress conditions in plants, and this fact largely determines the substantial overlap in physiological and molecular responses to biotic and abiotic environmental challenges. In this review, we discuss the alterations in central metabolism occurring in plants experiencing oxidative stress. To focus on the changes in metabolite profile associated with oxidative stress per se, we primarily analyzed the information generated in the studies based on the exogenous application of agents, inducing oxidative stress, and the analysis of mutants displaying altered oxidative stress response. Despite of the significant variation in oxidative stress responses among different plant species and tissues, the dynamic and transient character of stress-induced changes in metabolites, and the strong dependence of metabolic responses on the intensity of stress, specific characteristic changes in sugars, sugar derivatives, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and amino acids, associated with adaptation to oxidative stress have been detected. The presented analysis of the available data demonstrates the oxidative stress-induced redistribution of metabolic fluxes targeted at the enhancement of plant stress tolerance through the prevention of ROS accumulation, maintenance of the biosynthesis of indispensable metabolites, and production of protective compounds. This analysis provides a theoretical basis for the selection/generation of plants with improved tolerance to oxidative stress and the development of metabolic markers applicable in research and routine agricultural practice.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohd Saad NS, Severn-Ellis AA, Pradhan A, Edwards D, Batley J. Genomics Armed With Diversity Leads the Way in Brassica Improvement in a Changing Global Environment. Front Genet 2021; 12:600789. [PMID: 33679880 PMCID: PMC7930750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the needs of a growing world population in the face of imminent climate change is a challenge; breeding of vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops is part of the race in meeting these demands. Available genetic diversity constituting the foundation of breeding is essential in plant improvement. Elite varieties, land races, and crop wild species are important resources of useful variation and are available from existing genepools or genebanks. Conservation of diversity in genepools, genebanks, and even the wild is crucial in preventing the loss of variation for future breeding efforts. In addition, the identification of suitable parental lines and alleles is critical in ensuring the development of resilient Brassica crops. During the past two decades, an increasing number of high-quality nuclear and organellar Brassica genomes have been assembled. Whole-genome re-sequencing and the development of pan-genomes are overcoming the limitations of the single reference genome and provide the basis for further exploration. Genomic and complementary omic tools such as microarrays, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and reverse genetics facilitate the study of crop evolution, breeding histories, and the discovery of loci associated with highly sought-after agronomic traits. Furthermore, in genomic selection, predicted breeding values based on phenotype and genome-wide marker scores allow the preselection of promising genotypes, enhancing genetic gains and substantially quickening the breeding cycle. It is clear that genomics, armed with diversity, is set to lead the way in Brassica improvement; however, a multidisciplinary plant breeding approach that includes phenotype = genotype × environment × management interaction will ultimately ensure the selection of resilient Brassica varieties ready for climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences Western Australia and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Muhammad I, Shalmani A, Ali M, Yang QH, Ahmad H, Li FB. Mechanisms Regulating the Dynamics of Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:615942. [PMID: 33584756 PMCID: PMC7876081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis sustains plant life on earth and is indispensable for plant growth and development. Factors such as unfavorable environmental conditions, stress regulatory networks, and plant biochemical processes limits the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and thereby threaten food security worldwide. Although numerous physiological approaches have been used to assess the performance of key photosynthetic components and their stress responses, though, these approaches are not extensive enough and do not favor strategic improvement of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. The decline in photosynthetic capacity of plants due to these stresses is directly associated with reduction in yield. Therefore, a detailed information of the plant responses and better understanding of the photosynthetic machinery could help in developing new crop plants with higher yield even under stressed environments. Interestingly, cracking of signaling and metabolic pathways, identification of some key regulatory elements, characterization of potential genes, and phytohormone responses to abiotic factors have advanced our knowledge related to photosynthesis. However, our understanding of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis under dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the research conducted on photosynthesis to date, and highlight the abiotic stress factors (heat, salinity, drought, high light, and heavy metal) that limit the performance of the photosynthetic machinery. Further, we reviewed the role of transcription factor genes and various enzymes involved in the process of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. Finally, we discussed the recent progress in the field of biodegradable compounds, such as chitosan and humic acid, and the effect of melatonin (bio-stimulant) on photosynthetic activity. Based on our gathered researched data set, the logical concept of photosynthetic regulation under abiotic stresses along with improvement strategies will expand and surely accelerate the development of stress tolerance mechanisms, wider adaptability, higher survival rate, and yield potential of plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Bai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salazar-Iribe A, De-la-Peña C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1595-1608. [PMID: 32960306 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Salazar-Iribe
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang L, Leister D, Kleine T. Chloroplast development and genomes uncoupled signaling are independent of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15412. [PMID: 32963291 PMCID: PMC7508864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis genome is methylated in CG and non-CG (CHG, and CHH in which H stands for A, T, or C) sequence contexts. DNA methylation has been suggested to be critical for seed development, and CHH methylation patterns change during stratification and germination. In plants, CHH methylation occurs mainly through the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. To test for an involvement of the RdDM pathway in chloroplast development, we analyzed seedling greening and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings perturbed in components of that pathway. Neither seedling greening nor Fv/Fm in seedlings and adult plants were affected in this comprehensive set of mutants, indicating that alterations in the RdDM pathway do not affect chloroplast development. Application of inhibitors like lincomycin or norflurazon inhibits greening of seedlings and represses the expression of photosynthesis-related genes including LIGHT HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN1.2 (LHCB1.2) in the nucleus. Our results indicate that the LHCB1.2 promoter is poorly methylated under both control conditions and after inhibitor treatment. Therefore no correlation between LHCB1.2 mRNA transcription and methylation changes of the LHCB1.2 promoter could be established. Moreover, we conclude that perturbations in the RdDM pathway do not interfere with gun signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangsheng Wang
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao S, Liu X, Liu Y, Cao B, Chen Z, Xu K. Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32066376 PMCID: PMC7027053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. RESULTS Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. CONCLUSIONS White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xuena Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun T, Li L. Toward the 'golden' era: The status in uncovering the regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110331. [PMID: 31779888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential pigments to plants and important natural products to humans. Carotenoids as both primary and specialized metabolites fulfill multifaceted functions in plants. As such, carotenoid accumulation (a net process of biosynthesis, degradation and sequestration) is subjected to complicated regulation throughout plant life cycle in response to developmental and environmental signals. Investigation of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid metabolic genes remains the focus in understanding the regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation. While discovery of bona fide carotenoid metabolic regulators is still challenging, the recent progress of identification of various transcription factors and regulators helps us to construct hierarchical regulatory network of carotenoid accumulation. The elucidation of carotenoid regulatory mechanisms at protein level and in chromoplast provides some insights into post-translational regulation of carotenogenic enzymes and carotenoid sequestration in plastid sink. This review briefly describes the pathways and main flux-controlling steps for carotenoid accumulation in plants. It highlights our recent understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. It also discusses the opportunities to expand toolbox for further shedding light upon the intrinsic regulation of carotenoid accumulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Böszörményi A, Dobi A, Skribanek A, Pávai M, Solymosi K. The Effect of Light on Plastid Differentiation, Chlorophyll Biosynthesis, and Essential Oil Composition in Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) Leaves and Cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:196. [PMID: 32194595 PMCID: PMC7063033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether light affects the structure and activity of exogenous secretory tissues like glandular hairs. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy was first used to study plastid differentiation in glandular hairs and leaves of light-grown rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis "Arp") plants kept for 2 weeks under ambient light conditions. During our detailed analyses, among others, we found leucoplasts with tubuloreticular membrane structures resembling prolamellar bodies in stalk cell plastids of peltate glandular hairs. To study the effect of darkness on plastid differentiation, we then dark-forced adult, light-grown rosemary plants for 2 weeks and observed occasionally the development of new shoots with elongated internodes and pale leaves on them. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses of the chlorophyllous pigment contents, the native arrangement of the pigment-protein complexes and photosynthetic activity confirmed that the first and second pairs of leaf primordia of dark-forced shoots were partially etiolated (contained low amounts of protochlorophyll/ide and residual chlorophylls, had etio-chloroplasts with prolamellar bodies and low grana, and impaired photosynthesis). Darkness did not influence plastid structure in fifth leaves or secretory tissues (except for head cells of peltate glandular hairs in which rarely tubuloreticular membranes appeared). The mesophyll cells of cotyledons of 2-week-old dark-germinated rosemary seedlings contained etioplasts with highly regular prolamellar bodies similar to those in mesophyll etio-chloroplasts of leaves and clearly differing from tubuloreticular membranes of secretory cells. Analyses of the essential oil composition obtained after solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that in addition to light, the age of the studied organ (i.e., first leaf primordia and leaf tip vs. fifth, fully developed green leaves) and the type of the organ (cotyledon vs. leaves) also strongly influenced the essential oil composition. Therefore, light conditions and developmental stage are both important factors to be considered in case of potential therapeutic, culinary or aromatic uses of rosemary leaves and their essential oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienn Dobi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Skribanek
- Department of Biology, ELTE Savaria University Centre, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Melinda Pávai
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Katalin Solymosi, ;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zechmann B. Ultrastructure of plastids serves as reliable abiotic and biotic stress marker. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214811. [PMID: 30946768 PMCID: PMC6448886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastids perform many essential functions in plant metabolism including photosynthesis, synthesis of metabolites, and stress signaling. The most prominent type in green leaves is the chloroplast which contains thylakoids, plastoglobules, and starch. As these structures are closely linked to the metabolism of chloroplasts, changes during plant growth and development and during environmental stress situations are likely to occur. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in size and ultrastructure of chloroplast on cross-sections of leaves during high light stress, Botrytis infection, and dark induced senescence by quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The size of chloroplasts on cross sections of leaves decreased significantly when plants were subject to high light (49%), Botrytis infection (58%), and senescence (71%). The number of chloroplasts on cross sections of the palisade cell layer and spongy parenchyma, respectively, decreased significantly in plants exposed to high light conditions (48% and 29%), infected with Botrytis (48% and 46%), and during senescence (78% and 80%). Thylakoids on cross-sections of chloroplasts decreased significantly in plants exposed to high light (22%), inoculated with Botrytis cinerea (36%), and senescence (51%). This correlated with a massive increase in plastoglobules on cross-sections of chloroplasts of 88%, 2,306% and 19,617%, respectively. Starch contents on cross sections of chloroplasts were completely diminished in all three stress scenarios. These results demonstrate that the decrease in the number and size of chloroplasts is a reliable stress marker in plants during abiotic and biotic stress situations which can be easily detected with a light microscope. Further, lack of starch, the occurrence of large plastoglobules and decrease in thylakoids can also be regarded as reliable stress marker in plants which can be detected by TEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|