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Rehman S, Bahadur S, Xia W. Unlocking nature's secrets: The pivotal role of WRKY transcription factors in plant flowering and fruit development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112150. [PMID: 38857658 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family is a key player in the regulatory mechanisms of flowering plants, significantly influencing both their biotic and abiotic response systems as well as being vital to numerous physiological and biological functions. Over the past two decades, the functionality of WRKY proteins has been the subject of extensive research in over 50 plant species, with a strong focus on their roles in responding to various stresses. Despite this extensive research, there remains a notable gap in comprehensive studies aimed at understanding how specific WRKY genes directly influence the timing of flowering and fruit development. This review offers an up-to-date look at WRKY family genes and provides insights into the key genes of WRKY to control flowering, enhance fruit ripening and secondary metabolism synthesis, and maintain fruit quality of various plants, including annuals, perennials, medicinal, and crop plants. The WRKY transcription factors serve as critical regulators within the transcriptional regulatory network, playing a crucial role in the precise enhancement of flowering processes. It is also involved in the up-regulation of fruit ripening was strongly demonstrated by combined transcriptomics and metabolomic investigation. Therefore, we speculated that the WRKY family is known to be a key regulator of flowering and fruiting in plants. This detailed insight will enable the identification of the series of molecular occurrences featuring WRKY proteins throughout the stages of flowering and fruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Sanya, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Sanya, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Luo Y, Li Y, Yin X, Deng W, Liao J, Pan Y, Jiang B, Yang H, Ding K, Jia Y. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the key genes involved in stamen petaloid formation in Alcea rosea L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:551. [PMID: 38877392 PMCID: PMC11177533 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcea rosea L. is a traditional flower with a long cultivation history. It is extensively cultivated in China and is widely planted in green belt parks or used as cut flowers and potted ornamental because of its rich colors and flower shapes. Double-petal A. rosea flowers have a higher aesthetic value compared to single-petal flowers, a phenomenon determined by stamen petaloid. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still very unclear. In this study, an RNA-based comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed between the normal petal and stamen petaloid petal of A. rosea. A total of 3,212 differential expressed genes (DEGs), including 2,620 up-regulated DEGs and 592 down-regulated DEGs, were identified from 206,188 unigenes. Numerous DEGs associated with stamen petaloid were identified through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Notably, there were 63 DEGs involved in the plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling pathway and 56 key transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS-box, bHLH, GRAS, and HSF. The identification of these DEGs provides an important clue for studying the regulation pathway and mechanism of stamen petaloid formation in A. rosea and provides valuable information for molecular plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiancai Yin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wanqing Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianwei Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanzhi Pan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Beibei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongchen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Keying Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Jue D, Li Z, Zhang W, Tang J, Xie T, Sang X, Guo Q. Identification and functional analysis of the LEAFY gene in longan flower induction. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:308. [PMID: 38528464 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering at the right time is a very important factor affecting the stable annual yield of longan. However, a lack of knowledge of the regulatory mechanism and key genes of longan flowering restricts healthy development of the longan industry. Therefore, identifying relevant genes and analysing their regulatory mechanism are essential for scientific research and longan industry development. RESULTS DlLFY (Dimocarpus longan LEAFY) contains a 1167 bp open reading frame and encodes 388 amino acids. The amino acid sequence has a typical LFY/FLO family domain. DlLFY was expressed in all tissues tested, except for the leaf, pericarp, and pulp, with the highest expression occurring in flower buds. Expression of DlLFY was significantly upregulated at the early flower induction stage in "SX" ("Shixia"). The results of subcellular localization and transactivation analysis showed that DlLFY is a typical transcription factor acting as a transcriptional activator. Moreover, overexpression of DlLFY in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering and restrained growth, resulting in reduced plant height and rosette leaf number and area in transgenic plants. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) analysis showed that 13 flower-related genes corresponding to five homologous genes of Arabidopsis may have binding sites and be putative target genes. Among these five flower-related genes, only AtTFL1 (terminal flower 1) was strongly inhibited in transgenic lines. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that DlLFY plays a pivotal role in controlling longan flowering, possibly by interacting with TFL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengwei Jue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Xuelian Sang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160, Yongchuan, China.
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, Beibei, China.
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Yang T, Pang B, Zhou L, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Wang H, Zhu B. Transcriptome Profiling, Physiological and Biochemical Analyses Reveal Comprehensive Insights in Cadmium Stress in Brassica carinata L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1260. [PMID: 38279259 PMCID: PMC10816673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the constant progress of urbanization and industrialization, cadmium (Cd) has emerged as one of the heavy metals that pollute soil and water. The presence of Cd has a substantial negative impact on the growth and development of both animals and plants. The allotetraploid Brasscia. carinata, an oil crop in the biofuel industry, is known to produce seeds with a high percentage of erucic acid; it is also known for its disease resistance and widespread adaptability. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the tolerance of B. carinata to Cd and its physiological responses and gene expressions under exposure to Cd. Here, we observed that the tested B. carinata exhibited a strong tolerance to Cd (1 mmol/L CdCl2 solution) and exhibited a significant ability to accumulate Cd, particularly in its roots, with concentrations reaching up to 3000 mg/kg. Additionally, we found that the total oil content of B. carinata seeds harvested from the Cd-contaminated soil did not show a significant change, but there were noticeable alterations in certain constituents. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were observed to significantly increase after treatment with different concentrations of CdCl2 solutions (0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, and 1 mmol/L CdCl2). This suggests that these antioxidant enzymes work together to enhance Cd tolerance. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the shoots and roots of B. carinata when exposed to a 0.25 mmol/L CdCl2 solution for 7 days. A total of 631 DEGs were found in the shoots, while 271 DEGs were found in the roots. It was observed that these selected DEGs, which responded to Cd stress, also showed differential expression after exposure to PbCl2. This suggests that B. carinata may employ a similar molecular mechanism when tolerating these heavy metals. The functional annotation of the DEGs showed enrichment in the categories of 'inorganic ion transport and metabolism' and 'signal transduction mechanisms'. Additionally, the DEGs involved in 'tryptophan metabolism' and 'zeatin biosynthesis' pathways were found to be upregulated in both the shoots and roots of B. carinata, suggesting that the plant can enhance its tolerance to Cd by promoting the biosynthesis of plant hormones. These results highlight the strong Cd tolerance of B. carinata and its potential use as a Cd accumulator. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance in B. carinata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.Y.); (B.P.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.Y.); (B.P.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
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Zhou C, Wu S, Li C, Quan W, Wang A. Response Mechanisms of Woody Plants to High-Temperature Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3643. [PMID: 37896106 PMCID: PMC10610489 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is the main environmental stress that restricts the growth and development of woody plants, and the growth and development of woody plants are affected by high-temperature stress. The influence of high temperature on woody plants varies with the degree and duration of the high temperature and the species of woody plants. Woody plants have the mechanism of adapting to high temperature, and the mechanism for activating tolerance in woody plants mainly counteracts the biochemical and physiological changes induced by stress by regulating osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and transcription control factors. Under high-temperature stress, woody plants ability to perceive high-temperature stimuli and initiate the appropriate physiological, biochemical and genomic changes is the key to determining the survival of woody plants. The gene expression induced by high-temperature stress also greatly improves tolerance. Changes in the morphological structure, physiology, biochemistry and genomics of woody plants are usually used as indicators of high-temperature tolerance. In this paper, the effects of high-temperature stress on seed germination, plant morphology and anatomical structure characteristics, physiological and biochemical indicators, genomics and other aspects of woody plants are reviewed, which provides a reference for the study of the heat-tolerance mechanism of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shengjiang Wu
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Chaochan Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Anping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
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Goyal P, Devi R, Verma B, Hussain S, Arora P, Tabassum R, Gupta S. WRKY transcription factors: evolution, regulation, and functional diversity in plants. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:331-348. [PMID: 35829836 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements in sequencing technologies and informatic tools promoted a paradigm shift to decipher the hidden biological mysteries and transformed the biological issues into digital data to express both qualitative and quantitative forms. The transcriptomic approach, in particular, has added new dimensions to the versatile essence of plant genomics through the large and deep transcripts generated in the process. This has enabled the mining of super families from the sequenced plants, both model and non-model, understanding their ancestry, diversity, and evolution. The elucidation of the crystal structure of the WRKY proteins and recent advancement in computational prediction through homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulation has provided an insight into the DNA-protein complex formation, stability, and interaction, thereby giving a new dimension in understanding the WRKY regulation. The present review summarizes the functional aspects of the high volume of sequence data of WRKY transcription factors studied from different species, till date. The review focuses on the dynamics of structural classification and lineage in light of the recent information. Additionally, a comparative analysis approach was incorporated to understand the functions of the identified WRKY transcription factors subjected to abiotic (heat, cold, salinity, senescence, dark, wounding, UV, and carbon starvation) stresses as revealed through various sets of studies on different plant species. The review will be instrumental in understanding the events of evolution and the importance of WRKY TFs under the threat of climate change, considering the new scientific evidences to propose a fresh perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Goyal
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Registered from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ritu Devi
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhawana Verma
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shahnawaz Hussain
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Palak Arora
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Rubeena Tabassum
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suphla Gupta
- Plant Science & Agrotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Faculty, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Le Provost G, Lalanne C, Lesur I, Louvet JM, Delzon S, Kremer A, Labadie K, Aury JM, Da Silva C, Moritz T, Plomion C. Oak stands along an elevation gradient have different molecular strategies for regulating bud phenology. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36814198 PMCID: PMC9948485 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming raises serious concerns about the persistence of species and populations locally adapted to their environment, simply because of the shift it produces in their adaptive landscape. For instance, the phenological cycle of tree species may be strongly affected by higher winter temperatures and late frost in spring. Given the variety of ecosystem services they provide, the question of forest tree adaptation has received increasing attention in the scientific community and catalyzed research efforts in ecology, evolutionary biology and functional genomics to study their adaptive capacity to respond to such perturbations. RESULTS In the present study, we used an elevation gradient in the Pyrenees Mountains to explore the gene expression network underlying dormancy regulation in natural populations of sessile oak stands sampled along an elevation cline and potentially adapted to different climatic conditions mainly driven by temperature. By performing analyses of gene expression in terminal buds we identified genes displaying significant dormancy, elevation or dormancy-by-elevation interaction effects. Our Results highlighted that low- and high-altitude populations have evolved different molecular strategies for minimizing late frost damage and maximizing the growth period, thereby increasing potentially their respective fitness in these contrasting environmental conditions. More particularly, population from high elevation overexpressed genes involved in the inhibition of cell elongation and delaying flowering time while genes involved in cell division and flowering, enabling buds to flush earlier were identified in population from low elevation. CONCLUSION Our study made it possible to identify key dormancy-by-elevation responsive genes revealing that the stands analyzed in this study have evolved distinct molecular strategies to adapt their bud phenology in response to temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Lesur
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
- Helix Venture, F-33700, Mérignac, France
| | | | | | | | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Pan H, Chen Y, Zhao J, Huang J, Shu N, Deng H, Song C. In-depth analysis of large-scale screening of WRKY members based on genome-wide identification. Front Genet 2023; 13:1104968. [PMID: 36699467 PMCID: PMC9868916 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, it is now possible to identify individual gene families from genomes on a large scale in order to study their functions. WRKY transcription factors are a key class of regulators that regulate plant growth and abiotic stresses. Here, a total of 74 WRKY genes were identified from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo genome. Based on the genome-wide analysis, an in-depth analysis of gene structure and conserved motif was performed. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that DoWRKYs could be classified into three main groups: I, II, and III, with group II divided into five subgroups: II-a, II-b, II-c, II-d, and II-e. The sequence alignment indicated that these WRKY transcriptional factors contained a highly conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide. The localization analysis of chromosomes showed that WRKY genes were irregularly distributed across several chromosomes of D. officinale. These genes comprised diverse patterns in both number and species, and there were certain distinguishing motifs among subfamilies. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree and chromosomal location results indicated that DoWRKYs may have undergone a widespread genome duplication event. Based on an evaluation of expression profiles, we proposed that DoWRKY5, 54, 57, 21, etc. may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the JA signaling pathway. These results provide a scientific reference for the study of DoWRKY family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Pan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China,School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Nana Shu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China,*Correspondence: Hui Deng, ; Cheng Song,
| | - Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, China,*Correspondence: Hui Deng, ; Cheng Song,
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Zhou W, Yang S, Yang L, Xiao R, Chen S, Wang D, Wang S, Wang Z. Genome-Wide Identification of the Hypericum perforatum WRKY Gene Family Implicates HpWRKY85 in Drought Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010352. [PMID: 36613796 PMCID: PMC9820127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY, named for its special heptapeptide conserved sequence WRKYGOK, is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and is widely involved in plant responses to biotic, abiotic, and hormonal stresses, especially the important regulatory function in response to drought stress. However, there is no complete comprehensive analysis of this family in H. perforatum, which is one of the most extensively studied plants and is probably the best-known herbal medicine on the market today, serving as an antidepressant, neuroprotective, an antineuralgic, and an antiviral. Here, we identified 86 HpWRKY genes according to the whole genome database of H. perforatum, and classified them into three groups through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure, conserved domain, motif, cis-elements, gene ontology, and expression profiling were performed. Furthermore, it was found that HpWRKY85, a homologous gene of AtWRKY75, showed obvious responses to drought treatment. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that this protein was localized in the nucleus by the Arabidopsis protoplasts transient transfection. Meanwhile, HpWRKY85-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants showed a stronger ability of root growth and scavenging endogenous reactive oxygen species. The results provide a reference for further understanding the role of HpWRKY85 in the molecular mechanism of drought resistance of H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Ruyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Correspondence:
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Waheed S, Liang F, Zhang M, He D, Zeng L. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Novel microRNAs Involved in the Continuous Flowering Trait of Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15565. [PMID: 36555206 PMCID: PMC9779457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major determinant of fruit production in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is the difficulty of blossoming. In this study, high-throughput microRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) was carried out to compare differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and their target genes between a continuous flowering cultivar 'Sijimi' (SJ), and a unique cultivar 'Lidongben' (LD), which blossoms only once in the season. Over the course of our study, 1662 known miRNAs and 235 novel miRNAs were identified and 13,334 genes were predicted to be the target of 1868 miRNAs. One conserved miRNA and 29 new novel miRNAs were identified as differently expressed; among them, 16 were upregulated and 14 were downregulated. Through the KEGG pathway and cluster analysis of DEmiRNA target genes, three critical regulatory pathways, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis-antenna protein, were discovered to be strongly associated with the continuous flowering trait of the SJ. The integrated correlation analysis of DEmiRNAs and their target mRNAs revealed fourteen important flowering-related genes, including COP1-like, Casein kinase II, and TCP20. These fourteen flowering-related genes were targeted by five miRNAs, which were novel-miR137, novel-miR76, novel-miR101, novel-miR37, and csi-miR3954, suggesting these miRNAs might play vital regulatory roles in flower regulation in longan. Furthermore, novel-miR137 was cloned based on small RNA sequencing data analysis. The pSAK277-miR137 transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed delayed flowering phenotypes. This study provides new insight into molecular regulation mechanisms of longan flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lihui Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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11
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Yi F, Huo M, Li J, Yu J. Time-series transcriptomics reveals a drought-responsive temporal network and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1213-1228. [PMID: 35262997 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a serious factor affecting crop growth and production worldwide. The circadian clock has been identified as key to improving regional adaptability of plants. However, our understanding of the contribution of the circadian clock to drought response and the impacts of drought stress on the circadian clock in plants is still limited. To explore the interactions between the circadian clock and drought stress, foxtail millet seedlings were treated with simulated drought (20% polyethylene glycol-6000) treatment starting at the day (DD) onset zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0, lights on) and at the night (DN) onset zeitgeber time 16 (ZT16, lights off). A high temporal-resolution transcriptomic investigation was performed using DD and DN samples collected at intervals of 2 or 4 h within a 24-h drought-treatment period. Overall, we identified 13 294 drought-responsive genes (DRGs). Among these DRGs, 7931 were common between DD and DN samples, 2638 were specific to DD, and 2725 were specific to DN. Additionally, we identified 1257 circadian genes, of which 67% were DRGs. Interestingly, with drought treatment starting at the day for 8, 12 or 16 h, the circadian phase shifted to 12 h. We also found that the circadian clock led to different day and night drought-responsive pathways. The identification of DRG_Clock (DRG and circadian clock) and DRG_NonClock (DRG and not circadian clock) genes provides a reference for selecting candidate drought resistance genes. Our work reveals the temporal drought-response process and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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12
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Zhang T, Xu Y, Ding Y, Yu W, Wang J, Lai H, Zhou Y. Identification and Expression Analysis of WRKY Gene Family in Response to Abiotic Stress in Dendrobium catenatum. Front Genet 2022; 13:800019. [PMID: 35186030 PMCID: PMC8850645 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum has become a rare and endangered medicinal plant due to habitat loss in China. As one of the most important and largest transcription factors, WRKY plays a critical role in response to abiotic stresses in plants. However, little is known regarding the functions of the WRKY family in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of 62 WRKY genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DcWRKY proteins could be divided into three groups, a division supported by the conserved motif compositions and intron/exon structures. DcWRKY gene expression and specific responses under drought, heat, cold and salt stresses were analyzed through RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR assay. The results showed that these genes had tissue-specificity and displayed different expression patterns in response to abiotic stresses. The expression levels of DcWRKY22, DcWRKY36 and DcWRKY45 were up-regulated by drought stress. Meanwhile, DcWRKY22 was highly induced by heat in roots, and DcWRKY45 was significantly induced by cold stress in leaves. Furthermore, DcWRKY27 in roots and DcWRKY58 in leaves were extremely induced under salt treatment. Finally, we found that all the five genes may function in ABA- and SA-dependent manners. This study identified candidate WRKY genes with possible roles in abiotic stress and these findings not only contribute to our understanding of WRKY family genes, but also provide valuable information for stress resistance development in D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yadan Ding
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wengang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zhou, ; Hanggui Lai,
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zhou, ; Hanggui Lai,
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Sex-Associated DEGs in Female and Male Flowers of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev] C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.], C.V. Liang & A. R. Ferguson, 1984) is a perennial plant, with morphologically hermaphroditic and functionally dioecious flowers. Fruits of this species are berries of great commercial and nutritional importance. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in sexual differentiation in this species. To determine these mechanisms, we performed RNA-seq in floral tissue at stage 60 on the BBCH scale in cultivar ‘Hayward’ (H, female) and a seedling from ‘Green Light’ × ‘Tomuri’ (G × T, male). From these analyses, we obtained expression profiles of 24,888 (H) and 27,027 (G × T) genes, of which 6413 showed differential transcript abundance. Genetic ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis revealed activation of pathways associated with the translation of hormonal signals, plant-pathogen interaction, metabolism of hormones, sugars, and nucleotides. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction network showed that the genes ERL1, AG, AGL8, LFY, WUS, AP2, WRKY, and CO, are crucial elements in the regulation of the hormonal response for the formation and development of anatomical reproductive structures and gametophytes. On the other hand, genes encoding four Putative S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases (Achn201401, Achn281971, Achn047771 and Achn231981) were identified, which were up-regulated mainly in the male flowers. Moreover, the expression profiles of 15 selected genes through RT-qPCR were consistent with the results of RNA-seq. Finally, this work provides gene expression-based interactions between transcription factors and effector genes from hormonal signaling pathways, development of floral organs, biological and metabolic processes or even epigenetic mechanisms which could be involved in the kiwi sex-determination. Thus, in order to decode the nature of these interactions, it could be helpful to propose new models of flower development and sex determination in the Actinidia genus.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Expression Profiles of Transcription Factor WRKY in Common Walnut ( Juglans regia L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091444. [PMID: 34573426 PMCID: PMC8466090 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor WRKY is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, playing a significant role in plant growth, development and response to stresses. Walnut is an economically important temperate tree species valued for both its edible nuts and high-quality wood, and its response to various stresses is an important factor that determines the quality of its fruit. However, in walnut trees themselves, information about the WRKY gene family remains scarce. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of the WRKY gene family in walnut. In total, we identified 103 WRKY genes in the common walnut that are clustered into 4 groups and distributed on 14 chromosomes. The conserved domains all contained a WRKY domain, and motif 2 was observed in most WRKYs, suggesting a high degree of conservation and similar functions within each subfamily. However, gene structure was significantly differentiated between different subfamilies. Synteny analysis indicates that there were 56 gene pairs in J. regia and A. thaliana, 76 in J. regia and J. mandshurica, 75 in J. regia and J. microcarpa, 76 in J. regia and P. trichocarpa, and 33 in J. regia and Q. robur, indicating that the WRKY gene family may come from a common ancestor. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the WRKY gene family was involved in resistance traits and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. In anthracnose-resistant F26 fruits (AR) and anthracnose-susceptible F423 fruits (AS), transcriptome and qPCR analysis results showed that JrWRKY83, JrWRKY73 and JrWRKY74 were expressed significantly more highly in resistant cultivars, indicating that these three genes may be important contributors to stress resistance in walnut trees. Furthermore, we investigate how these three genes potentially target miRNAs and interact with proteins. JrWRKY73 was target by the miR156 family, including 12 miRNAs; this miRNA family targets WRKY genes to enhance plant defense. JrWRKY73 also interacted with the resistance gene AtMPK6, showing that it may play a crucial role in walnut defense.
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15
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Genome-wide identification of the tea plant bHLH transcription factor family and discovery of candidate regulators of trichome formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10764. [PMID: 34031482 PMCID: PMC8144589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf trichomes play vital roles in plant resistance and the quality of tea. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant development and growth. In this study, a total of 134 CsbHLH proteins were identified in the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) genome. They were divided into 17 subgroups according to the Arabidopsis thaliana classification. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that members of subgroups IIIc-I and IIIc-II might be associated with trichome formation. The expression patterns of CsbHLH116, CsbHLH133, CsbHLH060, CsbHLH028, CsbHLH024, CsbHLH112 and CsbHLH053 from clusters 1, 3 and 5 were similar to the trichome distribution in tea plants. CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 were located in the cell nucleus and possessed transcriptional activation ability. They could interact with CsTTG1, which is a regulator of tea trichome formation. This study provides useful information for further research on the function of CsbHLHs in trichome formation.
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16
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Yang X, Zhou Z, Fu M, Han M, Liu Z, Zhu C, Wang L, Zheng J, Liao Y, Zhang W, Ye J, Xu F. Transcriptome-wide identification of WRKY family genes and their expression profiling toward salicylic acid in Camellia japonica. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1844508. [PMID: 33222651 PMCID: PMC7781758 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1844508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ornamental plant Camellia japonica is widely distributed worldwide and is susceptible to various environmental stresses. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) is an important node of plant tolerance. However, WRKY TFs from C. japonica have not been reported yet. In this study, 48 CjWRKYs, namely, CjWRKY1 to CjWRKY48, were identified. Protein structure analysis revealed that CjWRKY proteins contain a highly conserved motif (WRKYGQK) and two variant motifs (WRKYGKK and WRKYGRK). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 48 CjWRKYs can be divided into three groups, which are further classified into six subgroups, namely, I-C, II-a, II-b, II-c, II-e, and III, which contain 10, 6, 8, 13, 7, and 4 members, respectively. The expression patterns of 15 CjWRKYs under salicylic acid (SA) treatment were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results showed that the 15 CjWRKYs could be induced by SA treatment. This study is the first to screen CjWRKYs and identify the expression profile of CjWRKYs under SA treatment and provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the function of CjWRKY genes to SA stress tolerance in C. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Department of Forestry Ecology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Department of Forestry Ecology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Muxian Han
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Department of Forestry Ecology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Changye Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiarui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- CONTACT Feng Xu College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road 1#, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei Province, China
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Nan H, Li W, Lin YL, Gao LZ. Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY Genes and Their Response to Salt Stress in the Wild Progenitor of Asian Cultivated Rice, Oryza rufipogon. Front Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Ding W, Ouyang Q, Li Y, Shi T, Li L, Yang X, Ji K, Wang L, Yue Y. Genome-wide investigation of WRKY transcription factors in sweet osmanthus and their potential regulation of aroma synthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:557-572. [PMID: 31860707 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors, one of the largest transcription factor families, play important roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans), the monoterpenes have been demonstrated as the most important volatile compounds, and the W-box, which is the cognate binding site of WRKY transcription factors, could be identified in most of the terpene-synthesis-related genes' promoters. However, the role of the WRKY family in terpene synthesis in sweet osmanthus has rarely been examined. In this study, 154 WRKY genes with conserved WRKY domain were identified and classified into three groups. The group II was further divided into five subgroups, and almost all members of IId contained a plant zinc cluster domain. Eight OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/38/42/84/95/139) were screened from 20 OfWRKYs for their flower-specific expression patterns in different tissues. Simultaneously, the expression patterns of OfWRKYs and emission patterns of volatile compounds during the flowering process were determined and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes, such as linalool and ocimene, accounted for the highest proportion, contributing to the floral scent of sweet osmanthus in two cultivars. In addition, correlation analysis revealed the expression patterns of OfWRKYs (OfWRKY7/19/36/139) were each correlated with distinct monoterpenes (linalool, linalool derivatives, ocimene and ocimene derivatives). Subcellular localization analysis showed that p35S::GFP-OfWRKY7/38/95/139 were localized in the nucleus and OfWRKY139 had very strong transactivation activity. Collectively, the results indicated potential roles of OfWRKY139 and OfWRKYs with plant zinc cluster domain in regulating synthesis of aromatic compounds in sweet osmanthus, laying the foundation for use of OfWRKYs to improve the aroma of ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Qixia Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Kongshu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, 210037, PR China
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
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Ye W, Jiang J, Lin Y, Yeh KW, Lai Z, Xu X, Oelmüller R. Colonisation of Oncidium orchid roots by the endophyte Piriformospora indica restricts Erwinia chrysanthemi infection, stimulates accumulation of NBS-LRR resistance gene transcripts and represses their targeting micro-RNAs in leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:601. [PMID: 31888486 PMCID: PMC6937650 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erwinia chrysanthemi (Ec) is a destructive pathogen which causes soft-rot diseases in diverse plant species including orchids. We investigated whether colonization of Oncidium roots by the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica (Pi) restricts Ec-induced disease development in leaves, and whether this might be related to the regulation of nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) Resistance (R) genes. RESULTS Root colonization of Oncidium stackings by Pi restricts progression of Ec-induced disease development in the leaves. Since Pi does not inhibit Ec growth on agar plates, we tested whether NBS-LRR R gene transcripts and the levels of their potential target miRNAs in Oncidium leaves might be regulated by Pi. Using bioinformatic tools, we first identified NBS-LRR R gene sequences from Oncidium, which are predicted to be targets of miRNAs. Among them, the expression of two R genes was repressed and the accumulation of several regulatory miRNA stimulated by Ec in the leaves of Oncidium plants. This correlated with the progression of disease development, jasmonic and salicylic acid accumulation, ethylene synthesis and H2O2 production after Ec infection of Oncidium leaves. Interestingly, root colonization by Pi restricted disease development in the leaves, and this was accompanied by higher expression levels of several defense-related R genes and lower expression level of their target miRNA. CONCLUSION Based on these data we propose that Pi controls the levels of NBS-LRR R mRNAs and their target miRNAs in leaves. This regulatory circuit correlates with the protection of Oncidium plants against Ec infection, and molecular and biochemical investigations will demonstrate in the future whether, and if so, to what extent these two observations are related to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian China
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian China
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Kai-Wun Yeh
- Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xuming Xu
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming, Fujian China
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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20
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Shi WY, Du YT, Ma J, Min DH, Jin LG, Chen J, Chen M, Zhou YB, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Zhang XH. The WRKY Transcription Factor GmWRKY12 Confers Drought and Salt Tolerance in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4087. [PMID: 30562982 PMCID: PMC6320995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced gene GmWRKY12 based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. GmWRKY12, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of GmWRKY12 included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF cis-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses. GmWRKY12 was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein, GmWRKY12 was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of GmWRKY12 enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress responses in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong-Tao Du
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Long-Guo Jin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, China.
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Hu H, Dong C, Sun D, Hu Y, Xie J. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of U-Box E3 Ubiquitin⁻Protein Ligase Gene Family in Banana. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3874. [PMID: 30518127 PMCID: PMC6321073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The U-box gene family is a family of genes which encode U-box domain-containing proteins. However, little is known about U-box genes in banana (Musa acuminata). In this study, 91 U-box genes were identified in banana based on its genome sequence. The banana U-box genes were distributed across all 12 chromosomes at different densities. Phylogenetic analysis of U-box genes from banana, Arabidopsis, and rice suggested that they can be clustered into seven subgroups (I⁻VII), and most U-box genes had a closer relationship between banana and rice relative to Arabidopsis. Typical U-box domains were found in all identified MaU-box genes through the analysis of conserved motifs. Four conserved domains were found in major banana U-box proteins. The MaU-box gene family had the highest expression in the roots at the initial fruit developmental stage. The MaU-box genes exhibited stronger response to drought than to salt and low temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of the U-box gene family in banana, and the results should provide valuable information for better understanding of the function of U-box in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Chen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Dequan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Yulin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
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