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Iborra-Pernichi M, Ruiz García J, Velasco de la Esperanza M, Estrada BS, Bovolenta ER, Cifuentes C, Prieto Carro C, González Martínez T, García-Consuegra J, Rey-Stolle MF, Rupérez FJ, Guerra Rodriguez M, Argüello RJ, Cogliati S, Martín-Belmonte F, Martínez-Martín N. Defective mitochondria remodelling in B cells leads to an aged immune response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2569. [PMID: 38519473 PMCID: PMC10960012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The B cell response in the germinal centre (GC) reaction requires a unique bioenergetic supply. Although mitochondria are remodelled upon antigen-mediated B cell receptor stimulation, mitochondrial function in B cells is still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the role of mitochondria in B cell function, here we generate mice with B cell-specific deficiency in Tfam, a transcription factor necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. Tfam conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a blockage of the GC reaction and a bias of B cell differentiation towards memory B cells and aged-related B cells, hallmarks of an aged immune response. Unexpectedly, blocked GC reaction in Tfam KO mice is not caused by defects in the bioenergetic supply but is associated with a defect in the remodelling of the lysosomal compartment in B cells. Our results may thus describe a mitochondrial function for lysosome regulation and the downstream antigen presentation in B cells during the GC reaction, the dysruption of which is manifested as an aged immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iborra-Pernichi
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ruiz García
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Velasco de la Esperanza
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén S Estrada
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena R Bovolenta
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Cifuentes
- Program of Interactions with the Environment, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto Carro
- Program of Interactions with the Environment, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara González Martínez
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José García-Consuegra
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rupérez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Guerra Rodriguez
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa, " Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Cogliati
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Belmonte
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-Martín
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Brookens SK, Cho SH, Paik Y, Meyer K, Raybuck AL, Park C, Greenwood DL, Rathmell JC, Boothby MR. Plasma Cell Differentiation, Antibody Quality, and Initial Germinal Center B Cell Population Depend on Glucose Influx Rate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:43-56. [PMID: 37955416 PMCID: PMC10841396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Serum Ab concentrations, selection for higher affinity BCRs, and generation of higher Ab affinities are important elements of immune response optimization and functions of germinal center (GC) reactions. B cell proliferation requires nutrients to support the anabolism inherent in clonal expansion. Glucose usage by mouse GC B cells has been reported to contribute little to their energy needs, with questions raised as to whether glucose uptake or glycolysis increases in GC B cells compared with their naive precursors. Indeed, metabolism can be highly flexible, such that supply shortage along one pathway may be compensated by increased flux on others. We now show that reduction of the glucose transporter GLUT1 in mice after establishment of a preimmune B cell repertoire, even after initiation of the GC B cell gene expression program, decreased initial GC B cell population numbers, affinity maturation, and plasma cell outputs. Glucose oxidation was heightened in GC B cells, but this hexose flowed more into the pentose phosphate pathway, whose activity was important in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ab-secreting cell production. In modeling how glucose usage by B cells promotes the Ab response, the control of ROS appeared insufficient. Surprisingly, the combination of galactose, which mitigated ROS, with provision of mannose, an efficient precursor to glycosylation, supported robust production of and normal Ab secretion by Ab-secreting cells under glucose-free conditions. Collectively, the findings indicate that GCs depend on normal glucose influx, especially in plasma cell production, but reveal an unexpected metabolic flexibility in hexose requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna K. Brookens
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
| | - Yeeun Paik
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kaylor Meyer
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ariel L. Raybuck
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Chloe Park
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dalton L. Greenwood
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
| | - Mark R. Boothby
- Department of Pathology-Microbiology-Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation, & Immunology
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3
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Lee S, Kim S, Kim SD, Oh SJ, Kong SK, Lee HM, Kim S, Choi SW. Differences in the metabolomic profile of the human palatine tonsil between pediatrics and adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288871. [PMID: 37523386 PMCID: PMC10389742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatine tonsils (PT) are B cell-predominant lymphoid organs that provide primary immune responses to airborne and dietary pathogens. Numerous histopathological and immunological studies have been conducted on PT, yet no investigations have been conducted on its metabolic profile. We performed high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling in 35 pediatric and 28 adult human palatine tonsillar tissue samples. A total of 36 metabolites were identified, and the levels of 10 metabolites were significantly different depending on age. Among them, partial correlation analysis shows that glucose levels increased with age, whereas glycine, phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, and ascorbate levels decreased with age. We confirmed the decrease in immunometabolic activity in adults through metabolomic analysis, which had been anticipated from previous histological and immunological studies on the PT. These results improve our understanding of metabolic changes in the PT with aging and serve as a basis for future tonsil-related metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Joon Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Keun Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Chalise JP, Ehsani A, Lemecha M, Hung YW, Zhang G, Larson GP, Itakura K. ARID5B regulates fatty acid metabolism and proliferation at the Pre-B cell stage during B cell development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170475. [PMID: 37483604 PMCID: PMC10360657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During B cell development in bone marrow, large precursor B cells (large Pre-B cells) proliferate rapidly, exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into non-proliferative (quiescent) small Pre-B cells. Dysregulation of this process may result in the failure to produce functional B cells and pose a risk of leukemic transformation. Here, we report that AT rich interacting domain 5B (ARID5B), a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) risk gene, regulates B cell development at the Pre-B stage. In both mice and humans, we observed a significant upregulation of ARID5B expression that initiates at the Pre-B stage and is maintained throughout later stages of B cell development. In mice, deletion of Arid5b in vivo and ex vivo exhibited a significant reduction in the proportion of immature B cells but an increase in large and small Pre-B cells. Arid5b inhibition ex vivo also led to an increase in proliferation of both Pre-B cell populations. Metabolic studies in mouse and human bone marrow revealed that fatty acid uptake peaked in proliferative B cells then decreased during non-proliferative stages. We showed that Arid5b ablation enhanced fatty acid uptake and oxidation in Pre-B cells. Furthermore, decreased ARID5B expression was observed in tumor cells from B-ALL patients when compared to B cells from non-leukemic individuals. In B-ALL patients, ARID5B expression below the median was associated with decreased survival particularly in subtypes originating from Pre-B cells. Collectively, our data indicated that Arid5b regulates fatty acid metabolism and proliferation of Pre-B cells in mice, and reduced expression of ARID5B in humans is a risk factor for B cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prakash Chalise
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mengistu Lemecha
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Hung
- Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Garrett P. Larson
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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5
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Zhang J, Wu X, Ma J, Long K, Sun J, Li M, Ge L. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor signals regulate the development, metabolism, and function of B cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967576. [PMID: 36045669 PMCID: PMC9421003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common hallmark of healthy tissues in physiological states or chronically inflamed tissues in pathological states. Mammalian cells sense and adapt to hypoxia mainly through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling. Many studies have shown that hypoxia and HIF signaling play an important regulatory role in development and function of innate immune cells and T cells, but their role in B cell biology is still controversial. B cells experience a complex life cycle (including hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, pre-B cells, immature B cells, mature naïve B cells, activated B cells, plasma cells, and memory B cells), and the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the corresponding developmental niche of stage-specific B cells is highly dynamic, which suggests that hypoxia and HIF signaling may play an indispensable role in B cell biology. Based on the fact that hypoxia niches exist in the B cell life cycle, this review focuses on recent discoveries about how hypoxia and HIF signaling regulate the development, metabolism, and function of B cells, to facilitate a deep understanding of the role of hypoxia in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity and to provide novel strategies for vaccine adjuvant research and the treatment of immunity-related or infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Camab Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Camab Biotech Ltd., Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liangpeng Ge,
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6
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency in mouse mesenchymal stem cells promote reprogramming of activated B lymphocytes toward immunosuppressive phenotypes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22443. [PMID: 35816277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene. Tafazzin (Taz) deficiency in BTHS patients results in an increased risk of infections. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their immune-inhibitory function. We examined how Taz-deficiency in murine MSCs impact their ability to modulate the function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated wild type (WT) B lymphocytes. MSCs from tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice exhibited a reduction in mitochondrial cardiolipin compared to wild type (WT) MSCs. However, mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane potential were unaltered. In contrast, TazKD MSCs exhibited increased reactive oxygen species generation and increased glycolysis. The increased glycolysis was associated with an elevated proliferation, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase expression and expression of the immunosuppressive markers indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, interleukin-10, and cluster of differentiation 59 compared to controls. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose attenuated the TazKD-mediated increased expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and interleukin-10. When co-cultured with LPS-activated WT B cells, TazKD MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation and growth rate and reduced B cell secretion of immunoglobulin M compared to controls. In addition, co-culture of LPS-activated WT B cells with TazKD MSCs promoted B cell differentiation toward interleukin-10 secreting plasma cells and B regulatory cells compared to controls. The results indicate that Taz deficiency in MSCs promote reprogramming of activated B lymphocytes toward immunosuppressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Folayemi Olayinka-Adefemi
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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7
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Urbanczyk S, Baris OR, Hofmann J, Taudte RV, Guegen N, Golombek F, Castiglione K, Meng X, Bozec A, Thomas J, Weckwerth L, Mougiakakos D, Schulz SR, Schuh W, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Steinmetz TD, Brodesser S, Wiesner RJ, Mielenz D. Mitochondrial respiration in B lymphocytes is essential for humoral immunity by controlling the flux of the TCA cycle. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110912. [PMID: 35675769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) during B cell differentiation, we employ CD23Cre-driven expression of the dominant-negative K320E mutant of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (DNT). DNT-expression depletes mitochondrial DNA during B cell maturation, reduces the abundance of respiratory chain protein subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA, and, consequently, respiratory chain super-complexes in activated B cells. Whereas B cell development in DNT mice is normal, B cell proliferation, germinal centers, class switch to IgG, plasma cell maturation, and T cell-dependent as well as T cell-independent humoral immunity are diminished. DNT expression dampens OxPhos but increases glycolysis in lipopolysaccharide and B cell receptor-activated cells. Lipopolysaccharide-activated DNT-B cells exhibit altered metabolites of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a lower amount of phosphatidic acid. Consequently, mTORC1 activity and BLIMP1 induction are curtailed, whereas HIF1α is stabilized. Hence, mitochondrial DNA controls the metabolism of activated B cells via OxPhos to foster humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- MitoVasc, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015/INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department Biology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Verena Taudte
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Naïg Guegen
- MitoVasc, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015/INSERM U1083, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Florian Golombek
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical Faculty, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Deparment of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Deparment of Internal Medicine III, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Thomas
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leonie Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deparment of Internal Medicine V, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Translational Research Center, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Tobit D Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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8
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Ismail MS, Mousa AMAG, Darwish MF, Salem MM, Said R. Expression of β-Catenin in Thyroid Neoplasms (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system accounting for more than 90% of all endocrine cancer and 63% of all endocrine cancer deaths. β-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays a key role in Wnt (wingless type) pathway and influences the expression of different genes and their proliferation, thus making it a potential therapeutic target.
Aim of Work: This work aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin in different cases of thyroid neoplasms and to correlate between β-catenin expression and clinicopathological features of these thyroid neoplasms.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on sixty cases of archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks that included different histologic types of thyroid neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry using β-catenin monoclonal antibody was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. β-catenin expression was quantified both at membranous and cytoplasmic level. Immunostaining scores were based on the staining intensity (I) and the percentage of positive cells (P). β-catenin final score (H score) resulted by summation of I and P (ranging from 0 to 7). Cases with H score between 1–3 were considered with low score and cases with H score between 4–7 were considered with high score.
Results: Of the malignant thyroid neoplasms in the studied cases, 81% showed positive β-catenin expression with the majority (86%) of the benign thyroid cases showing positive expression. Both membranous and cytoplasmic staining were both assessed in which the majority of the negative and high positive membranous cases also showed the same interpretation for cytoplasmic β-catenin expression. Positive correlations were proved between β-catenin expression of diagnosed malignant cases, (pvalue =0.042) where all hurthle cell, follicular and medullary carcinoma cases, 87.5% of studied papillary carcinoma cases and 50% of poorly differentiated carcinoma cases showed β-catenin positivity while all anaplastic carcinoma cases were negative. Furthermore, statistically significant findings were seen in cases with absence of extrathyroid extension (P value= 0.045) especially those displaying β-Catenin cytoplasmic expression with extrathyroid extension of studied malignant cases showing a P value= (0.011) . No significant correlation was found between β-catenin expression and patients' pathological diagnosis, gender, extent of primary tumor (pT), lymph node metastasis, multifocality and co-existing pathology among studied malignant cases.
Conclusion: The present study suggests the prognostic role of β-catenin and its possible usage to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant β-catenin targeted mono- or combined therapy for tumors expressing this protein, especially for thyroid cases that cannot be removed surgically or that do not respond to traditional treatment options.
Key Words: β-catenin, immunohistochemistry, malignant thyroid neoplasms, benign thyroid neoplasms.
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9
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Cao X, Guo M, Gao X, Han H. miR-582 negatively regulates pre-B cell proliferation and survival through targeting Hif1α and Rictor. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:107. [PMID: 35115499 PMCID: PMC8814019 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell development in bone marrow (BM) is a multi-staged process involving pro-B, pre-B, immature B, and mature B cells, among which pre-B cells undergo vigorous proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene rearrangement. While several signaling pathways participate in pre-B cell development have been clarified, detailed intrinsic mechanisms regulating pre-B cell proliferation and survival have not been fully understood. In the current study, we report that miR-582 regulates pre-B cell proliferation and survival. miR-582 is enriched in pre-B cells. Deletion of miR-582 in mice expanded the BM pre-B cell population in a cell-autonomous manner as shown by competitive BM transplantation. We show that forced miR-582 overexpression inhibited pre-B cell proliferation and survival, whereas downregulation of miR-582 by siRNA significantly promoted pre-B cell proliferation and survival in vitro. We identified that Hif1α and Rictor are authentic targets of miR-582 in pre-B cells as shown by reporter assays. Moreover, miR-582 overexpression reduced the expression of Hif1α and its downstream molecule Glut1, as well as Rictor and mTORC2 activity as shown by attenuated AKT and FoxO1 phosphorylation, while miR-582 knockdown showed opposite effects. miR-582 knockdown-induced increases in pre-B proliferation and survival was abrogated by Hif1α and Rictor inhibitors. Together, miR-582 functions as a negative regulator of pre-B cell proliferation and survival by simultaneously targeting Hif1α and mTORC2 signaling that regulates metabolism in early B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China. .,Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yufei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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10
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Cole LK, Field J, Mejia EM, Gordon JW, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and function of lipopolysaccharide activated B lymphocytes in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22023. [PMID: 34767647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100811rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity and play a key role in the immune response. Optimal mitochondrial function is required to support B cell activity during activation. We examined how deficiency of tafazzin, a cardiolipin remodeling enzyme required for mitochondrial function, alters the metabolic activity of B cells and their response to activation by lipopolysaccharide in mice. B cells were isolated from 3-month-old wild type or tafazzin knockdown mice and incubated for up to 72 h with lipopolysaccharide and cell proliferation, expression of cell surface markers, secretion of antibodies and chemokines, proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and metabolic function determined. In addition, proteomic analysis was performed to identify altered levels of proteins involved in survival, immunogenic, proteasomal and mitochondrial processes. Compared to wild type lipopolysaccharide activated B cells, lipopolysaccharide activated tafazzin knockdown B cells exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, lowered expression of cluster of differentiation 86 and cluster of differentiation 69 surface markers, reduced secretion of immunoglobulin M antibody, reduced secretion of keratinocytes-derived chemokine and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, reduced proteasome and immunoproteasome activities, and reduced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in key protein targets that regulate cell survival, immunogenicity, proteasomal processing and mitochondrial function consistent with the findings of the above functional studies. The results indicate that the cardiolipin transacylase enzyme tafazzin plays a key role in regulating mouse B cell function and metabolic activity during activation through modulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Zegallai
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jared Field
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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11
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Jin YB, Cao X, Shi CW, Feng B, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Early B Lineage Development and IgA Production in the Lamina Propria in Piglets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2179-2191. [PMID: 34497150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes play an important role in the development of host B cells. It has been controversial whether GALT is the development site of B cells in pigs. By investigating the relationship between gut microbes and the development of B cells in the GALT of piglets, we found, to our knowledge for the first time, that early B cells exist in the gut lamina propria (LP) in pigs at different ages. We further used Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to treat piglets. The results showed that LGG promotes the development of the early B lineage, affects the composition of the Ig CDR3 repertoires of B cells, and promotes the production of IgA in the intestinal LP. Additionally, we found that the p40 protein derived from LGG can activate the EGFR/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, inducing porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) to secrete a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which promotes IgA production in B cells. Finally, we identified ARF4 and DIF3 as candidates for p40 receptors on IPEC-J2 by GST pull-down, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation. In conclusion, LGG could promote early B cell differentiation and development in the intestinal LP in piglets and might contribute to promoting IgA production via secretion of p40, which interacts with the membrane receptors on IPEC-J2 and induces them to secrete APRIL. Our study will provide insight to aid in better utilization of probiotics to increase human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bei Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Bo Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; and
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12
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Zegallai HM, Abu-El-Rub E, Olayinka-Adefemi F, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Marshall AJ, Hatch GM. Tafazzin deficiency in mouse mesenchymal stem cells potentiates their immunosuppression and impairs activated B lymphocyte immune function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34729562 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.07.459330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Barth Syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutation in the TAFAZZIN gene which encodes the cardiolipin (CL) transacylase tafazzin (Taz). Taz deficiency in BTHS patients results in reduced CL in their tissues and a neutropenia which contributes to the risk of infections. However, the impact of Taz deficiency in other cells of the immune system is poorly understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their immune inhibitory function. We examined whether Taz-deficiency in murine MSCs impacted their ability to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated wild type (WT) murine B lymphocytes. MSCs from tafazzin knockdown (TazKD) mice exhibited a 50% reduction in CL compared to wild type (WT) MSCs. However, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and membrane potential were unaltered. In contrast, TazKD MSCs exhibited increased glycolysis compared to WT MSCs and this was associated with elevated proliferation, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase expression and expression of the immunosuppressive markers indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, interleukin-10, and cluster of differentiation 59. When co-cultured with LPS-activated WT B cells, TazKD MSCs inhibited B cell proliferation and growth rate and reduced B cell secretion of IgM to a greater extent than B cells co-cultured with WT MSCs. In addition, co-culture of LPS-activated WT B cells with TazKD MSCs induced B cell differentiation toward potent immunosuppressive phenotypes including interleukin-10 secreting plasma cells and B regulatory cells compared to activated B cells co-cultured with WT MSCs. These results indicate that Taz deficiency in MSCs enhances MSCs-mediated immunosuppression of activated B lymphocytes.
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13
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Single-cell ATAC-seq reveals GATA2-dependent priming defect in myeloid and a maturation bottleneck in lymphoid lineages. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2673-2686. [PMID: 34170284 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline heterozygous mutations in GATA2 are associated with a syndrome characterized by cytopenias, atypical infections, and increased risk of hematologic malignancies. Here, we generated a zebrafish mutant of gata2b that recapitulated the myelomonocytopenia and B-cell lymphopenia of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Using single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing of marrow cells, we showed that loss of gata2b led to contrasting alterations in chromosome accessibility in early myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, associated with defects in gene expression. Within the myeloid lineage in gata2b mutant zebrafish, we identified an attenuated myeloid differentiation with reduced transcriptional priming and skewing away from the monocytic program. In contrast, in early lymphoid progenitors, gata2b loss led to accumulation of B-lymphoid transcription factor accessibility coupled with increased expression of the B-cell lineage-specification program. However, gata2b mutant zebrafish had incomplete B-cell lymphopoiesis with loss of lineage-specific transcription factor accessibility in differentiating B cells, in the context of aberrantly reduced oxidative metabolic pathways. Our results establish that transcriptional events in early progenitors driven by Gata2 are required to complete normal differentiation.
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14
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Dietary carbohydrate, particularly glucose, drives B cell lymphopoiesis and function. iScience 2021; 24:102835. [PMID: 34381967 PMCID: PMC8333167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While diet modulates immunity, its impact on B cell ontogeny remains unclear. Using mixture modeling, a large-scale isocaloric dietary cohort mouse study identified carbohydrate as a major driver of B cell development and function. Increasing dietary carbohydrate increased B cell proportions in spleen, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patches, and increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production after immunization. This was linked to increased B lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow. Glucose promoted early B lymphopoiesis and higher total B lymphocyte numbers than fructose. It drove B cell development through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, independently of fatty acid oxidation in vitro and reduced B cell apoptosis in early development via mTOR activation, independently of interleukin-7. Ours is the first comprehensive study showing the impact of macronutrients on B cell development and function. It shows the quantitative and qualitative interplay between dietary carbohydrate and B cells and argues for dietary modulation in B cell-targeting strategies.
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15
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Haumann S, Boix J, Knuever J, Bieling A, Vila Sanjurjo A, Elson JL, Blakely EL, Taylor RW, Riet N, Abken H, Kashkar H, Hornig-Do HT, Wiesner RJ. Mitochondrial DNA mutations induce mitochondrial biogenesis and increase the tumorigenic potential of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1735-1745. [PMID: 32255484 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning mitochondria are crucial for cancer metabolism, but aerobic glycolysis is still considered to be an important pathway for energy production in many tumor cells. Here we show that two well established, classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cell lines harbor deleterious variants within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and thus exhibit reduced steady-state levels of respiratory chain complexes. However, instead of resulting in the expected bioenergetic defect, these mtDNA variants evoke a retrograde signaling response that induces mitochondrial biogenesis and ultimately results in increased mitochondrial mass as well as function and enhances proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth in mice in vivo. When complex I assembly was impaired by knockdown of one of its subunits, this led to further increased mitochondrial mass and function and, consequently, further accelerated tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in vivo by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor metformin efficiently slowed down growth. We conclude that, as a new mechanism, mildly deleterious mtDNA variants in cHL cancer cells cause an increase of mitochondrial mass and enhanced function as a compensatory effect using a retrograde signaling pathway, which provides an obvious advantage for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Haumann
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Boix
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Knuever
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Bieling
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Vila Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Emma L Blakely
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Nicole Riet
- Department I for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty and University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Department I for Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty and University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,RCI, Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Chair Gene-Immunotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hue-Tran Hornig-Do
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Su YJ, Wang PW, Weng SW. The Role of Mitochondria in Immune-Cell-Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2668. [PMID: 33800867 PMCID: PMC7961648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue injury events, the innate immune system responds immediately to alarms sent from the injured cells, and the adaptive immune system subsequently joins in the inflammatory reaction. The control mechanism of each immune reaction relies on the orchestration of different types of T cells and the activators, antigen-presenting cells, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mitochondria are an intracellular signaling organelle and energy plant, which supply the energy requirement of the immune system and maintain the system activation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular mitochondria can elicit regenerative effects or serve as an activator of the immune cells to eliminate the damaged cells. Recent clarification of the cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA triggering innate immunity underscores the pivotal role of mitochondria in inflammation-related diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells could transfer mitochondria through nanotubular structures to defective mitochondrial DNA cells. In recent years, mitochondrial therapy has shown promise in treating heart ischemic events, Parkinson's disease, and fulminating hepatitis. Taken together, these results emphasize the emerging role of mitochondria in immune-cell-mediated tissue regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jih Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
| | - Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
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17
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Steinmetz TD, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Hearne A, Schuh W, Wittner J, Schulz SR, Winkler TH, Jäck HM, Mielenz D. TFG is required for autophagy flux and to prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress in CH12 B lymphoma cells. Autophagy 2020; 17:2238-2256. [PMID: 32910713 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1821546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells depend on quality control of newly synthesized antibodies in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via macroautophagy/autophagy and proteasomal degradation. The cytosolic adaptor protein TFG (Trk-fused gene) regulates ER-Golgi transport, the secretory pathway and proteasome activity in non-immune cells. We show here that TFG is upregulated during lipopolysaccharide- and CpG-induced differentiation of B1 and B2 B cells into plasmablasts, with the highest expression of TFG in mature plasma cells. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated gene disruption of tfg in the B lymphoma cell line CH12 revealed increased apoptosis, which was reverted by BCL2 but even more by ectopic TFG expression. Loss of TFG disrupted ER structure, leading to an expanded ER and increased expression of ER stress genes. When compared to wild-type CH12 cells, tfg KO CH12 cells were more sensitive toward ER stress induced by tunicamycin, monensin and proteasome inhibition or by expression of an ER-bound immunoglobulin (Ig) μ heavy (µH) chain. CH12 tfg KO B cells displayed more total LC3, lower LC3-II turnover and increased numbers and size of autophagosomes. Tandem-fluorescent-LC3 revealed less accumulation of GFP-LC3 in starved and chloroquine-treated CH12 tfg KO B cells. The GFP:RFP ratio of tandem-fluorescent-LC3 was higher in tunicamycin-treated CH12 tfg KO B cells, suggesting less autophagy flux during induced ER stress. Based on these data, we suggest that TFG controls autophagy flux in CH12 B cells and propose that TFG is a survival factor that alleviates ER stress through the support of autophagy flux in activated B cells and mature plasma cells.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; ASC, antibody-secreting cells; ATG, autophagy-related; BCR, B cell receptor; COPII, coat protein complex II; CpG, non-methylated CpG oligonucleotide; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD, ER-associated degradation; FO, follicular; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HC, heavy chain; Ig, immunoglobulin; IRES, internal ribosomal entry site; LC, light chain; MZ, marginal zone; NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells; TLR, toll-like receptor; UPR, unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Abigail Hearne
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Chair of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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McLean KC, Mandal M. It Takes Three Receptors to Raise a B Cell. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:629-642. [PMID: 32451219 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As the unique source of diverse immunoglobulin repertoires, B lymphocytes are an indispensable part of humoral immunity. B cell progenitors progress through sequential and mutually exclusive states of proliferation and recombination, coordinated by cytokines and chemokines. Mutations affecting the crucial pre-B cell checkpoint result in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and leukemia. This checkpoint was previously modeled by the signaling of two opposing receptors, IL-7R and the pre-BCR. We provide an update to this model in which three receptors, IL-7R, pre-BCR, and CXCR4, work in concert to coordinate both the proper positioning of B cell progenitors in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and their progression through the pre-B checkpoint. Furthermore, signaling initiated by all three receptors directly instructs cell fate and developmental progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C McLean
- Section of Rheumatology, and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Section of Rheumatology, and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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19
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Wei-LaPierre L, Dirksen RT. Isolating a reverse-mode ATP synthase-dependent mechanism of mitoflash activation. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:708-713. [PMID: 31010808 PMCID: PMC6571996 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wei-LaPierre and Dirksen discuss new work investigating the molecular events underlying mitoflash biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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20
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Cross-talk between signal transduction and metabolism in B cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 201:1-13. [PMID: 30439477 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that specific metabolic adaptations are needed to support B cell development and differentiation and to enable B cells to thrive in different environments. Mitogen induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways triggers nutrient uptake and metabolic remodeling to meet the cells' current needs. Reciprocally, changes in the metabolic composition of the environment, or in intracellular metabolite levels, can modulate signal transduction and thus shape cell fate and function. In summary, signal transduction and metabolic pathways operate within an integrated network to cooperatively define cellular outcomes.
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21
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Cell Lineage Choice during Haematopoiesis: In Honour of Professor Antonius Rolink. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092798. [PMID: 30227647 PMCID: PMC6163508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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