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Huang Y, Zhang P, Han S, Hu B, Zhang Q, He H. Effect of Enteromorpha polysaccharides on gut-lung axis in mice infected with H5N1 influenza virus. Virology 2024; 593:110031. [PMID: 38401339 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EPPs) have been reported to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of EPPs on H5N1-infected mice, mice were pretreated with EPPs before being infected with the H5N1 influenza virus intranasally. H5N1 infection resulted in body-weight loss, pulmonary and intestinal damage, and an imbalance of gut microbiota in mice. As a result of the inclusion of EPPs, the body weight of mice recovered and pathological damage to the lung and intestine was reduced. EPPs also diminished inflammation by drastically lowering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and intestines. H5N1 infection reduced bacterial diversity, and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio increased. However, the beneficial bacteria Alistipes rebounded in the groups which received EPPs before the infection. The modulation of the gut-lung axis may be related to the mechanism of EPPs in antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses. EPPs have shown potential in protecting the host from the influenza A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Ji H, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wu L, Guo F, Huang F, Song Y, Wang J, Qin G. Upregulation of UHRF1 Promotes PINK1-mediated Mitophagy to Alleviates Ferroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation 2024; 47:718-732. [PMID: 38055118 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetic complication. Studies show that mitophagy inhibition induced-ferroptosis plays a crucial role in DN progression. UHRF1 is associated with mitophagy and is highly expression in DN patients, however, the effect of UHRF1 on DN is still unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether UHRF1 involves DN development by the mitophagy/ferroptosis pathway. We overexpressed UHRF1 using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) system in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Renal function index, pathological changes, mitophagy factors, and ferroptosis factors were detected in vivo. High-glucose cultured human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells were used as in vitro models to investigate the mechanism of UHRF1 in DN. We found that diabetic mice exhibited kidney damage, which was alleviated by UHRF1 overexpression. UHRF1 overexpression promoted PINK1-mediated mitophagy and inhibited the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), a factor associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, UHRF1 overexpression alleviated lipid peroxidation and free iron accumulation, and upregulated the expression of GPX4 and Slc7a11, indicating the inhibition effect of UHRF1 overexpression on ferroptosis. We further investigated the mechanism of UHRF1 in the mitophagy/ferroptosis pathway in DN. We found that UHRF1 overexpression promoted PINK1-mediated mitophagy via inhibiting TXNIP expression, thus suppressing ferroptosis. These findings confirmed that upregulation of UHRF1 expression alleviates DN, indicating that UHRF1 has a reno-protective effect against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Unraveling the bioactive interplay: seaweed polysaccharide, polyphenol and their gut modulation effect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37991467 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2274453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed is rich in many unique bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and sulfated polysaccharides that are not found in terrestrial plant. The discovery of numerous biological activities from seaweed has made seaweed an attractive functional food source with the potential to be exploited for human health benefits. During food processing and digestion, cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols commonly interact, and this may influence the nutritional properties of food. Interactions between cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols in plant-based system has been extensively studied. However, similar interactions in seaweed have received little attention despite the vast disparity between the structural and chemical composition of plant and seaweed cell wall. This poses a challenge in extracting seaweed bioactive compounds with intact biological properties. This review aims to summarize the cell wall polysaccharide and polyphenols present in brown, red and green seaweed, and current knowledge on their potential interactions. Moreover, this review gives an overview of the gut modulation effect of seaweed polysaccharide and polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Jia Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Li F, Zeng K, Ming J. Lowering glycemic levels via gastrointestinal tract factors: the roles of dietary fiber, polyphenols, and their combination. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37966135 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) are typical blood sugar-lowering components, and both play distinct yet interconnected roles in exerting their blood sugar-lowering effects. We comprehensively summarized the single and combined effects of DF and DP on blood glucose homeostasis through regulating the relevant factors in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT). In the UGT, DF slowed down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction. DP primarily targeted enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhanced the adsorption capacity of DF for glucose. DF weakened DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupted glucose intestinal uptake via physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP demonstrated a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake than DP alone. In the LGT, DF and DP showed synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods exhibited potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Group Food Chem and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Fateh B, Xu G. Effects of methomyl on the intestinal microbiome and hepatic transcriptome of tilapia, and the modifying effects of mint co-culture. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106675. [PMID: 37666106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Methomyl (MET) is an oxime carbamate insecticide that can contaminate aquatic systems resulting in toxicological effects. It can harm some fish species possibly through the anti-oxidative, phagosome pathway. Mint is one of the most widely herbal plants exhibiting antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the impact of MET on the antioxidant system of Oreochromis niloticus in presence of mint as a floating bed. Results revealed that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase significantly decreased and the GSH content significantly increased in the intestine. The hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, carbon metabolism, renal phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, and phagosomes were significantly affected. Upon long-term exposure, circadian rhythm and phagosomes were enriched in the liver and kidney. However, mint increased the enriched pathways of Toll-like receptor, PPAR, p53, NF-kappa B, MAPK, oestrogen, and B cell receptor signalling pathways. MET with different concentrations destroyed the balance of gut microbiota, mint decreased Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia for the maintenance resulted from MET. Cetobacterium had a positive impact on total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and glutathione reductase (GR), while Akkermansia had a positive impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR), SOD and CAT, and the abundance of both decreased due to MET exposure. High mint density removed more concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the tilapia cultivation wastewater. Therefore, planting with mint can alleviate the toxicological effects produced by MET, shape the intestinal microbiota, and strengthen the connection between water quality and the metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui east Rd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Benkhelifa Fateh
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui east Rd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 Shanshui east Rd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
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Yao H, Liu S, Liu T, Ren D, Yang Q, Zhou Z, Mao J. Screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:172. [PMID: 37115432 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments are one of the largest habitats on Earth, and their unique ecology, such as high salinity, high pressure, and hypoxia, may activate certain silent genes in marine microbes, resulting in microbes, enzymes, active products, and specific metabolic pathways that can adapt to these specific ecological environments. Marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites are of great significance and have potential commercial development prospects for food, pharmaceutical, chemical industries, agriculture, environmental protection and human nutrition and health. In recent years, although there have been numerous scientific reports surrounding marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This paper presents the development and renewal of traditional culture-dependent and omics analysis techniques and their application to the screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms producing bioactive substances. It also highlights recent research advances in the last five years surrounding the types, functional properties and potential applications of bioactive metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived microorganisms. These bioactive metabolites mainly include antibiotics, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, sugars, proteins, peptides, and some other small molecule metabolites. In addition, the review ends with concluding remarks on the challenges and future directions for marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites. The review report not only helps to deepen the understanding of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, but also provides some useful information for the exploitation and utilization of marine microbial resources and the mining of new compounds with potential functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China.
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Roy JR, Janaki CS, Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan VP, Periyasamy V, Balaji T, Vijayamalathi M, Bhuvaneswari P, Swetha P. Hypoglycemic Potential of Carica papaya in Liver Is Mediated through IRS-2/PI3K/SREBP-1c/GLUT2 Signaling in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Type-2 Diabetic Male Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:240. [PMID: 36977005 PMCID: PMC10054599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of socioeconomic or demographic background, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which affects more than half a billion people worldwide, has been steadily increasing over time. The health, emotional, sociological, and economic well-being of people would suffer if this number is not successfully handled. The liver is one of the key organs accountable for sustaining metabolic balance. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species inhibit the recruitment and activation of IRS-1, IRS-2, and PI3K-Akt downstream signaling cascade. These signaling mechanisms reduce hepatic glucose absorption and glycogenesis while increasing hepatic glucose output and glycogenolysis. In our work, an analysis of the molecular mechanism of Carica papaya in mitigating hepatic insulin resistance in vivo and in silico was carried out. The gluconeogenic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, hepatic glycogen tissue concentration, oxidative stress markers, enzymatic antioxidants, protein expression of IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1C, and GLUT-2 were evaluated in the liver tissues of high-fat-diet streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats using q-RT-PCR as well as immunohistochemistry and histopathology. Upon treatment, C. papaya restored the protein and gene expression in the liver. In the docking analysis, quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid present in the extract were found to have high binding affinities against IRS-2, PI3K, SREBP-1c, and GLUT-2, which may have contributed much to the antidiabetic property of C. papaya. Thus, C. papaya was capable of restoring the altered levels in the hepatic tissues of T2DM rats, reversing hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Rebecca Roy
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Coimbatore Sadagopan Janaki
- Department of Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thotakura Balaji
- Department of Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Vijayamalathi
- Department of Physiology, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusamy Bhuvaneswari
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Panneerselvam Swetha
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang L, Liao W, Huang Y, Wen Y, Chu Y, Zhao C. Global seaweed farming and processing in the past 20 years. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSeaweed has emerged as one of the most promising resources due to its remarkable adaptability, short development period, and resource sustainability. It is an effective breakthrough to alleviate future resource crises. Algal resources have reached a high stage of growth in the past years due to the increased output and demand for seaweed worldwide. Several aspects global seaweed farming production and processing over the last 20 years are reviewed, such as the latest situation and approaches of seaweed farming. Research progress and production trend of various seaweed application are discussed. Besides, the challenges faced by seaweed farming and processing are also analyzed, and the related countermeasures are proposed, which can provide advice for seaweed farming and processing. The primary products, extraction and application, or waste utilization of seaweed would bring greater benefits with the continuous development and improvement of applications in various fields.
Graphical Abstract
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Tartary Buckwheat Flavonoids Improve Colon Lesions and Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition in Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4524444. [PMID: 36016679 PMCID: PMC9398688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBFs) exhibit diverse biological activities, with antioxidant, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the role of TBFs in attenuating glucose and lipid disturbances in diabetic mice and hence preventing the occurrence of diabetes-related colon lesions in mice by regulating the gut microbiota. The results showed that TBFs (1) reversed blood glucose levels and body weight changes; (2) improved levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fasting insulin; and (3) significantly reduced diabetes-related colon lesions in diabetic mice. In addition, TBFs also affected the diabetes-related imbalance of the gut microbiota and enriched beneficial microbiota, including Akkermansia and Prevotella. The TBF also selectively increased short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Odoribacter, and decreased the abundance of the diabetes-related gut microbiota, including Escherichia, Mucispirillum, and Bilophila. The correlation analysis indicated that TBFs improved metabolic parameters related to key communities of the gut microbiota. Our data suggested that TBFs alleviated glucose and lipid disturbances and improved colon lesions in diabetic mice, possibly by regulating the community composition of the gut microbiota. This regulation of the gut microbiota composition may explain the observed effects of TBFs to alleviate diabetes-related symptoms.
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Sharma BR, Jaiswal S, Ravindra PV. Modulation of gut microbiota by bioactive compounds for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113148. [PMID: 35665671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances. Dysbiosis of GM has been linked to the onset of T2DM and can be altered to attain eubiosis by intervention with various nutritional bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics. This review presents an overview of the evidence and underlying mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modulate the GM for the prevention and management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basista Rabina Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - P V Ravindra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), KRS Road, Opp. Rail Museum, Mysuru 570020, India.
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Comparative Study of the Pharmacological Properties of Luteolin and Its 7,3′-Disulfate. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070426. [PMID: 35877719 PMCID: PMC9318810 DOI: 10.3390/md20070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global spread of the metabolic syndrome, oncological and viral diseases forces researchers to pay increased attention to the secondary metabolites of marine hydrobionts, which often have a high therapeutic potential in the treatment of these pathologies and are effective components of functional food. The flavone luteolin (LT), as one of the most widely distributed and studied plant metabolites, is distinguished by a diverse spectrum of biological activity and a pleiotropic nature of the mechanism of action at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels. However, there is still practically no information on the spectrum of biological activity of its sulfated derivatives, which are widely represented in seagrasses of the genus Zostera. In the present work, a comparative study of the pharmacological properties of LT and its 7,3′-disulfate was carried out with a brief analysis of the special role of sulfation in the pharmacological activity of flavonoids.
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Ge X, He X, Liu J, Zeng F, Chen L, Xu W, Shao R, Huang Y, Farag MA, Capanoglu E, El-Seedi HR, Zhao C, Liu B. Amelioration of type 2 diabetes by the novel 6, 8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination via biochemical mechanisms and gut microbiota interaction. J Adv Res 2022; 46:173-188. [PMID: 35700921 PMCID: PMC10105086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luteolin is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities. Studies on luteolin have mainly focused on its use for hyperlipidaemia prevention, whereas the capacity of the flavonoid to hinder hyperglycaemia development remains underexplored. OBJECTIVES To probe the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of 6,8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination (GLQ.Cr), and to assess its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. METHODS High-sucrose/high-fat diet-induced and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to develop a T2DM model. Glycometabolism related indicators, histopathology, and gut microbiota composition in caecum samples were evaluated, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of liver samples was conducted. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was further used to verify the anti-hyperglycemic activity of intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The administration of GLQ.Cr alleviated hyperglycaemia symptoms by improving liver and pancreatic functions and modulating gut microbe communities (Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Desulfovibrio). RNA-seq analysis showed that GLQ.Cr mainly affected the peroxisome proliferative activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway in order to regulate abnormal glucose metabolism. FMT significantly modulated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminiclostridium, Brevundimonas and Pseudomonas in the caecum to balance blood glucose levels and counteract T2DM mice inflammation. CONCLUSION GLQ.Cr improved the abnormal glucose metabolism in T2DM mice by regulating the PPAR signalling pathway and modulating intestinal microbial composition. FMT can improve the intestinal microecology of the recipient and in turn ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ligen Chen
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Rong Shao
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. The Prebiotic Effect of Australian Seaweeds on Commensal Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Simulated Gut Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102163. [PMID: 35631304 PMCID: PMC9146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is known to affect the composition and metabolite production of the human gut microbial community, which in turn is linked with the health and immune status of the host. Whole seaweeds (WH) and their extracts contain prebiotic components such as polysaccharides (PS) and polyphenols (PP). In this study, the Australian seaweeds, Phyllospora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Ulva ohnoi, and their PS and PP extracts were assessed for potential prebiotic activities using an in vitro gut model that included fresh human faecal inoculum. 16S rRNA sequencing post gut simulation treatment revealed that the abundance of several taxa of commensal bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes linked with short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut and immune function, including the lactic acid producing order Lactobacillales and the chief butyrate-producing genera Faecalibacteria, Roseburia, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus were significantly enhanced by the inclusion of WH, PS and PP extracts. After 24 h fermentation, the abundance of total Firmicutes ranged from 57.35−81.55% in the WH, PS and PP samples, which was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.01) than the inulin (INU) polysaccharide control (32.50%) and the epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) polyphenol control (67.13%); with the exception of P. comosa PP (57.35%), which was significantly greater than INU only. However, all WH, PS and PP samples also increased the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria; while the abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria was decreased by WH and PS samples. After 24 h incubation, the total and individual SCFAs present, including butyric, acetic and propionic acids produced by bacteria fermented with E. radiata and U. ohnoi, were significantly greater than the SCFAs identified in the INU and EGCG controls. Most notably, total SCFAs in the E. radiata PS and U. ohnoi WH samples were 227.53 and 208.68 µmol/mL, respectively, compared to only 71.05 µmol/mL in INU and 7.76 µmol/mL in the EGCG samples. This study demonstrates that whole seaweeds and their extracts have potential as functional food ingredients to support normal gut and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059980
| | - Michael Conlon
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Teagasc Food Biosciences, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dunsinea Lane, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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He CF, Xue WJ, Xu XD, Wang JT, Wang XR, Feng Y, Zhou HG, Guo JC. Knockdown of NRSF Alleviates Ischemic Brain Injury and Microvasculature Defects in Diabetic MCAO Mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:869220. [PMID: 35645950 PMCID: PMC9136417 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.869220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the well-established risk factors of stroke and is associated with a poor outcome in patients with stroke. Previous studies have shown that the expression of neuron restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) is elevated in diabetes as well as ischemic stroke. However, the role of NRSF in regulating an outcome of diabetic ischemic stroke has not been completely understood. Here, we hypothesized that diabetes-induced NRSF elevation can aggravate brain injury and cognition impairment in ischemic stroke. The diabetic ischemic stroke mice model was established by 8 weeks of high-fat-diet feeding and 5 days of streptozotocin injection followed by 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that diabetes enhanced the MCAO-induced elevation of NRSF in the hippocampus in accompany with an elevation of its corepressors, HDAC1, and mSin3A, and decrease of β-TrCP. By using histological/immunofluorescence staining and neurobehavioral testing, our results showed that the brain damage and learning/memory impairment were aggravated in diabetic ischemic mice but significantly attenuated after stereotaxic injection of NRSF-shRNA. Meanwhile, by performing whole-brain clearing with PEGASOS, microvascular reconstruction, western blotting, and ELISA, we found that NRSF-shRNA markedly alleviated the vasculature disorders and rescued the suppression of NRP-1, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in the hippocampus of diabetic ischemic mice. Therefore, our results demonstrated for the first time that the elevation of hippocampal NRSF plays an important role in alleviating brain injury and cognitive disabilities in diabetic ischemic mice, potentially via the reduction of NRP-1/VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Die Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Feng
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hou-Guang Zhou
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jing-Chun Guo
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Huang P, Hong J, Mi J, Sun B, Zhang J, Li C, Yang W. Polyphenols extracted from Enteromorpha clathrata alleviates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114897. [PMID: 34890728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Enteromorpha has long been recorded in traditional Chinese medicine, with cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Recently, we extracted the polyphenol-enriched fraction from Enteromorpha clathrata (E. clathrata) by ethyl acetate (ECPs), and isolated six individual polyphenols from ECPs via high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism of ECPs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECPs and the six polyphenols were used for nitric oxide (NO) assay to identify the components with potent inflammation inhibitory effect. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were applied to further investigate their anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS ECPs and the three individual polyphenols, including (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, showed in vitro immunosuppressive activity by altering the cell biology at the gene, protein and functional levels in a dose- and species-dependent manner. Their anti-inflammatory effects were achieved by inhibiting LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and its upstream enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as the phagocytotic capacity, without cytotoxicity. The mechanism study further revealed that these anti-inflammatory properties were, at least partly, attributed to the suppressed activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated for the first time the correlation between the anti-inflammatory activity of ECPs and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that polyphenol-enriched organic fraction of E. clathrata could be potential candidate as therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jingxia Hong
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jie Mi
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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16
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Swathi N, Kumar AG, Parthasarathy V, Sankarganesh P. Isolation of Enteromorpha species and analyzing its crude extract for the determination of in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-10. [PMID: 35345496 PMCID: PMC8941838 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extract of green algae (Enteromorpha species) was prepared by the cold extraction technique. The prepared algal extract exhibits a high antioxidant potential due to the presence of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs). The extract of Enteromorpha species was analyzed to identify the presence of significant biochemical composition. The extract of Enteromorpha species was evaluated to assess the DPPH-free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum assay, in vitro anti-bacterial by agar diffusion method, and cell viability by MTT assay. It was found that the extract of Enteromorpha species contains the various chemical composition such as carbohydrates (0.13 g/ml), xylose (0.0819 g/ml), sulfate (0.0153 g/ml), and proteins (0.0363 g/ml). Phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds were found in the extract. The antioxidant potential of the crude extract was investigated by the total antioxidant assay (400 µl/ml) and DPPH-free radical scavenging assay (5 µl/ml). The prepared green algal extract produced the highest inhibitory zone up to 18 mm, 13 mm, and 18 mm at 200 µl/ml concentrations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, respectively. The above results revealed that the extract of Enteromorpha species exhibited strong antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities due to the presence of sulfated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Swathi
- Department of Microbiology, United Alacrity India Pvt. Ltd, Chennai-600 058, Ambattur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Ganesh Kumar
- Center for Research and Development, Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts & Science, Chennai-603 103, Padur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Parthasarathy
- Department of Physics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai-603 103, Padur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Sankarganesh
- Department of Food Technology, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai-603 103, Padur, Tamil Nadu India
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17
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Seaweed Exhibits Therapeutic Properties against Chronic Diseases: An Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are known for producing potentially bioactive substances that exhibit a wide range of nutritional, therapeutic, and nutraceutical properties. These compounds can be applied to treat chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown that consumption of seaweeds in Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea, has been correlated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a review of published papers on seaweed consumption and chronic diseases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method for this study. We identified and screened research articles published between 2000 and 2021. We used PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and identified 107 articles. This systematic review discusses the potential use of bioactive compounds of seaweed to treat chronic diseases and identifies gaps where further research in this field is needed. In this review, the therapeutic and nutraceutical properties of seaweed for the treatment of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis were discussed. We concluded that further study on the identification of bioactive compounds of seaweed, and further study at a clinical level, are needed.
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18
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Wassie T, Duan X, Xie C, Wang R, Wu X. Dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide-Zn supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism by improving the antioxidant activity in chicken. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35074004 PMCID: PMC8785591 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) polysaccharide has become a promising feed additive with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and cation chelating ability. However, whether Enteromorpha polysaccharide-trace element complex supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken is largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP)-Zn supplementation on growth performance, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism in chicken. Methods A total of 184 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with 8 replicates, 12 chickens per replicate, and fed either the basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus E. prolifera polysaccharide-Zinc (400 mg EP-Zn/kg diet). Results Dietary EP-Zn supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight, average daily gain, muscle antioxidant activity, serum HDL level, and reduced serum TG and LDL concentration. In addition, dietary EP-Zn supplementation could modulate ileal amino acid digestibility and upregulate the mRNA expression of amino acid transporter genes in the jejunum, ileum, breast muscle, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, breast meat from chickens fed EP-Zn had higher (P < 0.05) Pro and Asp content, and lower (P < 0.05) Val, Phe, Gly, and Cys free amino acid content. Furthermore, EP-Zn supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of mTOR and anti-oxidant related genes, while down-regulated protein degradation related genes in the breast muscle. Breast meat from EP-Zn supplemented group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) proportions of Σn-3 PUFA, and a higher percentage of Σn-6 PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Besides, EP-Zn supplementation regulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting the gene expression of key enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis and activating genes that participated in fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue. Conclusions It is concluded that EP-Zn complex supplementation regulates apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, enhances amino acid metabolism, and decreases oxidative stress-associated protein breakdown, thereby improving the growth performance. Furthermore, it promotes fatty acid oxidation and restrains fat synthesis through modulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Graphical abstract ![]()
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19
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Wassie T, Niu K, Xie C, Wang H, Xin W. Extraction Techniques, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Marine Algae Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharide. Front Nutr 2021; 8:747928. [PMID: 34692752 PMCID: PMC8529069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of marine algae as functional food additives for improving human health. Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera (E. prolifera) is a seaweed green alga (Chlorophyta) that contains many bioactive compounds, of which polysaccharide is the main component. With the advancement of technology in the methods of extraction and analysis, recent studies in in vitro and animals model showed that polysaccharides derived from E. prolifera exert various biological activities, such as gut microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and hypolipidemic. Research evidence has shown that methods of extraction and molecular modification, such as degradation, carboxymethylation, and sulfonation could alter the biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the different extraction techniques, structural-activity relationship, and health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from E. prolifera, and suggested future research avenues. This review helps to advance the extraction techniques and promote the application of marine algae polysaccharides as functional food and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kaimin Niu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Qingdao Seawin Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Wu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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20
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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21
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Evolving Interplay Between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota-An Emerging Importance in Healthcare. Front Nutr 2021; 8:634944. [PMID: 34109202 PMCID: PMC8180580 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural plant compounds and are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet. As the gastrointestinal tract is the primary organ provided to diet sections, the diet may be regarded as one of the essential factors in the functionality, integrity, and composition of intestinal microbiota. In the gastrointestinal tract, many polyphenols remain unabsorbed and may accumulate in the large intestine, where the intestinal microbiota are most widely metabolized. When assuming primary roles for promoting host well-being, this intestinal health environment is presented to the effect of external influences, including dietary patterns. A few different methodologies have been developed to increase solvency and transport across the gastrointestinal tract and move it to targeted intestinal regions to resolve dietary polyphenols at the low bioavailability. Polyphenols form a fascinating community among the different nutritional substances, as some of them have been found to have critical biological activities that include antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anticarcinogenic activities. Besides, it affects metabolism and immunity of the intestines and has anti-inflammatory properties. The well-being status of subjects can also benefit from the development of bioactive polyphenol-determined metabolites, although the mechanisms have not been identified. Even though the incredible variety of health-advancing activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely studied, their effect on intestinal biology adaptation, and two-way relationship between polyphenols and microbiota is still poorly understood. We focused on results of polyphenols in diet with biological activities, gut ecology, and the influence of their proportional links on human well-being and disease in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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22
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Revi N, Rengan AK. Impact of dietary polyphenols on neuroinflammation-associated disorders. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3101-3119. [PMID: 33988799 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and associated dementia typically originate with altered protein folding and aggregation of their β structures in the neurons. This self-aggregation leads to glial activation in the brain, causing neuroinflammation and leads to neuronal death. According to statistics provided by WHO, there are around 50 million people with dementia worldwide and every year, 10 million more cases are projected to increase. Also, around 5-8 percentage of people who are aged above 60 globally has dementia or associated disorders. Over 82 million in 2030 and 152 in 2050 are expected to have dementia. Most of these patients fall into low-middle-income countries which makes it even more essential to find an affordable and effective treatment method. Polyphenols of different origin are studied for their potential role as anti-neuro-inflammatory molecules. This review would summarize recent advances in three widely researched dietary polyphenols projected as potential therapeutic agents for disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc. They are Resveratrol, Catechins, and Tannins. The review would discuss the recent advances and challenges in using these polyphenols using specific examples as potential therapeutic agents against neuroinflammation associated disorders. An abstract of neuroinflammation-associated events and the effects by selected polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Revi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India.
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Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Whole Alga, Algal Extracts, and Compounds as Ingredients of Functional Foods: Composition and Action Mechanism Relationships in the Prevention and Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3816. [PMID: 33917044 PMCID: PMC8067684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major systemic disease which involves impaired pancreatic function and currently affects half a billion people worldwide. Diet is considered the cornerstone to reduce incidence and prevalence of this disease. Algae contains fiber, polyphenols, ω-3 PUFAs, and bioactive molecules with potential antidiabetic activity. This review delves into the applications of algae and their components in T2DM, as well as to ascertain the mechanism involved (e.g., glucose absorption, lipids metabolism, antioxidant properties, etc.). PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were used. Papers in which whole alga, algal extracts, or their isolated compounds were studied in in vitro conditions, T2DM experimental models, and humans were selected and discussed. This review also focuses on meat matrices or protein concentrate-based products in which different types of alga were included, aimed to modulate carbohydrate digestion and absorption, blood glucose, gastrointestinal neurohormones secretion, glycosylation products, and insulin resistance. As microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM and metabolic alterations in different organs are related, the review also delves on the effects of several bioactive algal compounds on the colon/microbiota-liver-pancreas-brain axis. As the responses to therapeutic diets vary dramatically among individuals due to genetic components, it seems a priority to identify major gene polymorphisms affecting potential positive effects of algal compounds on T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.); (J.B.)
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Preliminary Investigation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Enteromorpha intestinalis Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041171. [PMID: 33671811 PMCID: PMC7926928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are a promising source of potent bioactive agents against oxidative stress, diabetes, and inflammation. However, the possible therapeutic effects of many algal metabolites have not been exploited yet. In this regard, we explored the therapeutic potential of Enteromorpha intestinalis extracts obtained from methanol, ethanol, and hexane, in contrasting oxidative stress. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) content were quantified in all extracts, with ethanol yielding the best values (about 60 and 625 mg of gallic acid and rutin equivalents per gram of extract, respectively). Their antioxidant potential was also assessed through DPPH•, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion scavenging assays, showing a concentration-dependent activity which was greater in the extracts from protic and more polar solvents. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were estimated for checking the antidiabetic capacity, with IC50 values of about 3.8 µg/mL for the methanolic extract, almost as low as those obtained with acarbose (about 2.8 and 3.3 µg/mL, respectively). The same extract also showed remarkable anti-inflammatory effect, as determined by hemolysis, protein denaturation, proteinase and lipoxygenase activity assays, with respectable IC50 values (about 11, 4, 6, and 5 µg/mL, respectively), also in comparison to commercially used drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid.
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Lin G, Wan X, Liu D, Wen Y, Yang C, Zhao C. COL1A1 as a potential new biomarker and therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105436. [PMID: 33497804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health problem with a rising incidence worldwide. In this study, a potential new biomarker for T2D and mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of Enteromorpha prolifera oligosaccharide were investigated. Tandem mass tag labeling with LC-MS/MS was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the jejunum of diabetic rats and control rats. Correlations between glycometabolic parameters and DEPs were revealed by a network analysis. The expression levels of target genes in key metabolic pathways were further evaluated to identify candidate biomarkers. Among 6810 total proteins, approximately 88 % were quantified, of which 148 DEPs with a fold change of <0.83 or>1.2 and a corrected p-value of <0.05 were identified. A KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the hypoglycaemic effects of E. prolifera oligosaccharide involved the PI3K/AKT and extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathways. More importantly, Col1a1 was the most significant gene in the extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathway and was linked to hypoglycaemic activity for the first time. Thus, Col1a1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for alleviating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Labbaci FZ, Boukortt FO. Beneficial Effects of Algerian Green Alga Ulva lactuca and Its Hydroethanolic Extract on Insulin Resistance and Cholesterol Reverse Transport in High-Fat/Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:353-361. [PMID: 33505929 PMCID: PMC7813591 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the green algae Ulva lactuca and its hydroethanolic extract on insulin resistance and cholesterol reverse transport in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Rats had T2D induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were divided into three groups and were fed a HFD in the presence or absence of 1% alga (HFD-Alg) or 1% of its hydroethanolic extract (HFD-Ext), for 4 weeks. The control group consumed 20% casein combined with 5% lipids. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were noted in HFD rats vs control rats. Whole alga and its extract decreased these parameters vs the HFD. Moreover, fecal total cholesterol and triacylglycerols levels were lowered in HFD group vs C group, but were increased with HFD-Alg vs HFD. Compared with the Control, the HFD group had decreased lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), high-density lipoprotein (HDL3)-phospholipids (PL), and HDL2-cholesteryl ester (CE) levels, but increased HDL3-unesterified cholesterol (UC) levels. Furthermore, compared with the HFD group, the HFD-Alg and HFD-Ext groups had increased LCAT activity, ApoA-I, HDL3-PL, and HDL2-CE levels and decreased HDL3-UC levels. In addition, in the HFD-Ext group, LCAT activity and ApoA-1 levels were decreased vs the HFD-Alg whereas HDL3-UC levels were increased. In conclusion, these results indicate that U. lactuca and its hydroethanolic extract have curative effect on T2D. Therefore, this alga could be considered a functional food supplement for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Labbaci
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Oran 1, Oran 31100, Algeria
| | - Farida Ouda Boukortt
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Oran 1, Oran 31100, Algeria
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Feng Y, An Z, Chen H, He X, Wang W, Li X, Zhang H, Li F, Liu D. Ulva prolifera Extract Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Signaling in Weaned Piglets Challenged With Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599735. [PMID: 33193455 PMCID: PMC7661684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulva prolifera extract contains a variety of functional active substances. Whether these substances had any beneficial effects on the small intestine of weaned piglets under oxidative stress remained unknown. Method We explored the effects of U. prolifera extract on oxidative stress and related mechanisms in weaned piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Results U. prolifera extract was found to mainly consist of polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids. U. prolifera extract increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while it decreased malondialdehyde content, in the serum of weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, U. prolifera extract increased mRNA expression of SOD and catalase, as well as the intestinal expression of nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, U. prolifera extract decreased reactive oxygen species and improved mitochondrial respiration in IPEC-J2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. However, AMPK inhibition did not affect nuclear Nrf2 expression and only partially affected the effects of U. prolifera extract on oxidative stress. Conclusion We suggest that U. prolifera extract alleviates oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling, but independent of AMPK pathway in weaned piglets challenged with hydrogen peroxide. These results shed new insight into the potential applications of U. prolifera extract as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-induced intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin An
- Information Department for Epidemic Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center, Harbin, China
| | - Heshu Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinmiao He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz polysaccharide and powder enrich a core bacterial community on C57BL/6j mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1734-1742. [PMID: 32781117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the collection of microbes that lives in the host. Glycan is the major factor to shape the composition of microbial community. Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz (NSK) has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years in Asian countries while the bioactivity on gut microbiota is unclear till now. Here, we used NSK polysaccharide and NSK powder to investigate the bioactivity on the gut microbiota of C57BL/6j mice, respectively. By 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we found the composition of gut microbiota had been changed and differed from each other. However, the abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella and Parasutterella on genus level were significantly increased by NSK polysaccharide and NSK powder. In addition, Akkermansia and Rikenellaceae were enriched by NSK powder. Moreover, we found the IL-1β and IL-6 decreased significantly while TNF-α and IL-10 increased significantly especially in NSK powder group. Intriguingly, the increased microbes were significantly positively co-related with TNF-α and IL-10 while negatively co-related with IL-1β and IL-6 by co-relation and network analysis. The above results suggested that Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz may selectively enrich a "core bacterial community" and add new evidence to discover how Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz has biological function.
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Cotas J, Leandro A, Monteiro P, Pacheco D, Figueirinha A, Gonçalves AMM, da Silva GJ, Pereira L. Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E384. [PMID: 32722220 PMCID: PMC7460554 DOI: 10.3390/md18080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds have attracted high interest in recent years due to their chemical and bioactive properties to find new molecules with valuable applications for humankind. Phenolic compounds are the group of metabolites with the most structural variation and the highest content in seaweeds. The most researched seaweed polyphenol class is the phlorotannins, which are specifically synthesized by brown seaweeds, but there are other polyphenolic compounds, such as bromophenols, flavonoids, phenolic terpenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids. The compounds already discovered and characterized demonstrate a full range of bioactivities and potential future applications in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on the extraction, purification, and future applications of seaweed phenolic compounds based on the bioactive properties described in the literature. It also intends to provide a comprehensive insight into the phenolic compounds in seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (G.J.d.S.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (G.J.d.S.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
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Baek SY, Kim MR. Neuroprotective Effect of Carotenoid-Rich Enteromorpha prolifera Extract via TrkB/Akt Pathway against Oxidative Stress in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070372. [PMID: 32707633 PMCID: PMC7404284 DOI: 10.3390/md18070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that E. prolifera extract (EAEP) exhibits neuroprotective effects in oxidative stress-induced neuronal cells. EAEP improved cell viability as well as attenuated the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic bodies in glutamate-treated hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22). Furthermore, EAEP improved the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) via the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B/ protein kinase B (TrkB/Akt) signaling pathway. In contrast, the pre-incubation of K252a, a TrkB inhibitor, or MK-2206, an Akt-selective inhibitor, ameliorated the neuroprotective effects of EAEP in oxidative stress-induced neuronal cells. These results suggest that EAEP protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of BDNF and antioxidant enzymes via the activation of the TrkB/Akt pathway. In conclusion, such an effect of EAEP, which is rich in carotenoid-derived compounds, may justify its application as a food supplement in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-6837; Fax: +82-42-821-8887
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Enteromorpha prolifera Extract Improves Memory in Scopolamine-Treated Mice via Downregulating Amyloid-β Expression and Upregulating BDNF/TrkB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070620. [PMID: 32679768 PMCID: PMC7402154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera, a green alga, has long been used in food diets as well as traditional remedies in East Asia. Our preliminary study demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract of Enteromorpha prolifera (EAEP) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity compared to ethanol or water extracts. Nonetheless, there has been no report on the effect of EAEP on memory impairment due to oxidative damage. This study investigated whether EAEP could attenuate memory deficits in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model. EAEP was orally administered (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) to mice and then scopolamine was administered. The oral administration of EAEP at 100 mg/kg b.w. significantly restored memory impairments induced by scopolamine, as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, and the passive avoidance test. Further, EAEP upregulated the protein expression of BDNF, p-CREB, p-TrkB, and p-Akt. Moreover, EAEP downregulated the expression of amyloid-β, tau, and APP. The regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activities and the protection of neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death in the brain of mice via the downregulation of amyloid-β and the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway by EAEP suggest its potential as a pharmaceutical candidate to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, De Feo V, Battistelli A, Da Cruz AG, Coppola R. Polyphenols, the new frontiers of prebiotics. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 94:35-89. [PMID: 32892838 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the identification of molecules capable to promote health and with a concurrent potential for technological applications. Prebiotics are functional ingredients naturally occurring in some plant and animal foods that since many decades stimulated considerable attention from the pharmaceutical and food industries due to their positive health effects. Together the well-known biomolecules with ascertained prebiotic effect, in last year new molecules were finally recognized as prebiotics, so capable to improve the health of an organism, also through the positive effect exerted on host microbiota. Among the so-called prebiotics, a special mention should be given to polyphenols, probably the most important, or at least among the most important secondary metabolites produced by the vegetal kingdom. This short chapter wants to emphasize polyphenols and, after briefly describing the individual microbiome, to illustrate how polyphenols can, through their influence on the microbiome, have a positive effect on the health of the individual in general, and on some pathologies in particular, for which the role of a bad status of the individual microbiome has been definitively established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Gomes Da Cruz
- Food Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Pratap K, Taki AC, Johnston EB, Lopata AL, Kamath SD. A Comprehensive Review on Natural Bioactive Compounds and Probiotics as Potential Therapeutics in Food Allergy Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32670266 PMCID: PMC7326084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is rising at an alarming rate and is a major public health concern. Globally, food allergy affects over 500 million people, often starting in early childhood and increasingly reported in adults. Commercially, only one approved oral immunotherapy-based treatment is currently available and other allergen-based immunotherapeutic are being investigated in clinical studies. As an alternative approach, a substantial amount of research has been conducted on natural compounds and probiotics, focusing on the immune modes of action, and therapeutic uses of such sources to tackle various immune-related diseases. Food allergy is primarily mediated by IgE antibodies and the suppression of allergic symptoms seems to be mostly modulated through a reduction of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, upregulation of blocking IgG, and downregulation of effector cell activation (e.g., mast cells) or expression of T-helper 2 (Th-2) cytokines. A wide variety of investigations conducted in small animal models or cell-based systems have reported on the efficacy of natural bioactive compounds and probiotics as potential anti-allergic therapeutics. However, very few lead compounds, unlike anti-cancer and anti-microbial applications, have been selected for clinical trials in the treatment of food allergies. Natural products or probiotic-based approaches appear to reduce the symptoms and/or target specific pathways independent of the implicated food allergen. This broad range therapeutic approach essentially provides a major advantage as several different types of food allergens can be targeted with one approach and potentially associated with a lower cost of development. This review provides a brief overview of the immune mechanisms underlying food allergy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, followed by a comprehensive collection of current studies conducted to investigate the therapeutic applications of natural compounds and probiotics, including discussions of their mode of action and immunological aspects of their disease-modifying capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Pratap
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Discipline of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Center for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elecia B Johnston
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Discipline of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Center for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Discipline of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Center for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandip D Kamath
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Discipline of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Center for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Lin GP, Wu DS, Xiao XW, Huang QY, Chen HB, Liu D, Fu HQ, Chen XH, Zhao C. Structural characterization and antioxidant effect of green alga Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of microRNAs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1084-1092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Bi R, Gao J, Pan L, Lai X. Progress in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Intestinal Flora Homeostasis and the Advancement of Holistic Analysis Methods. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20918418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism, which is accompanied by alterations in energy metabolism, intestinal bacterial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and others. However, intestinal flora metabolism plays a fundamental role in host metabolism; they are complementary to each other and help maintain homeostasis, thus ensuring the normal operation of the host metabolic system. This suggests that a holistic analysis method would be of great use in the study of the overall metabolism in patients with DM. With this in mind, this review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal flora metabolism regarding the occurrence of DM and assesses the effects of drug treatments on the intestinal flora of patients with diabetes. Based on these results, we combined intestinal flora metabolism with host metabolism to evaluate the necessity and the advantages of holistic metabonomics analyses in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Sun C, Zhao C, Guven EC, Paoli P, Simal‐Gandara J, Ramkumar KM, Wang S, Buleu F, Pah A, Turi V, Damian G, Dragan S, Tomas M, Khan W, Wang M, Delmas D, Portillo MP, Dar P, Chen L, Xiao J. Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Esra Capanoglu Guven
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division SRM Research Institute SRM University Kattankulathur India
- Department of Biotechnology School of Bio‐engineering SRM University Kattankulathur India
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Florina Buleu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Ana Pah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Vladiana Turi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Georgiana Damian
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Simona Dragan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Food Engineering Department Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Washim Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research School of Pharmacy The University of Mississippi, University Mississippi
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Dominique Delmas
- INSERM U866 Research Center Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
- INSERM Research Center U1231 – Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group Dijon France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc Center Dijon France
| | - Maria Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Parsa Dar
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
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Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010111. [PMID: 31941086 PMCID: PMC7022628 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin (INU) is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. However, whether and how gut microbiota in its regulation contributes to host metabolism has yet to be investigated. We conduct this study to examine the possible associations between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolites induced by inulin interventions. Plasma and intestinal site samples were collected from the pigs that have consumed inulin diet for 60 days. High-throughput sequencing was adopted for microbial composition, and the GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics were used to characterize featured plasma metabolites upon inulin intervention. Integrated multi-omics analyses were carried out to establish microbiota-host interaction. Inulin consumption decreased the total cholesterol (p = 0.04) and glucose (p = 0.03) level in serum. Greater β-diversity was observed in the cecum and colon of inulin-fed versus that of control-fed pigs (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the ileum. In the cecum, 18 genera were altered by inulin, followed by 17 in the colon and 6 in the ileum. Inulin increased propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations but decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate in the cecum, and increased total short fatty acids, valerate, and isobutyrate concentrations in the colon. Metabolomic analysis reveals that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was significantly higher, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine are significantly lower in the inulin groups. Mantel test and integrative analysis revealed associations between plasma metabolites (e.g., IPA, BCAA, L-tryptophan) and inulin-responsive cecal microbial genera. These results indicate that the inulin has regional effects on the intestine microbiome in pigs, with the most pronounced effects occurring in the cecum. Moreover, cecum microbiota plays a pivotal role in the modulation of circulating host metabolites upon inulin intervention.
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Kang GG, Francis N, Hill R, Waters D, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. Dietary Polyphenols and Gene Expression in Molecular Pathways Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010140. [PMID: 31878222 PMCID: PMC6981492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder with various contributing factors including genetics, epigenetics, environment and lifestyle such as diet. The hallmarks of T2DM are insulin deficiency (also referred to as β-cell dysfunction) and insulin resistance. Robust evidence suggests that the major mechanism driving impaired β-cell function and insulin signalling is through the action of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Chronic high blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) and hyperlipidaemia appear to be the primary activators of these pathways. Reactive oxygen species can disrupt intracellular signalling pathways, thereby dysregulating the expression of genes associated with insulin secretion and signalling. Plant-based diets, containing phenolic compounds, have been shown to exhibit remedial benefits by ameliorating insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The literature also provides evidence that polyphenol-rich diets can modulate the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion, insulin signalling, and liver gluconeogenesis pathways. However, whether various polyphenols and phenolic compounds can target specific cellular signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been elucidated. This review aims to evaluate the modulating effects of various polyphenols and phenolic compounds on genes involved in cellular signalling pathways (both in vitro and in vivo from human, animal and cell models) leading to the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Gatluak Kang
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Nidhish Francis
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Rodney Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Daniel Waters
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Abishek Bommannan Santhakumar
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (G.G.K.); (N.F.); (D.W.); (C.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW 2650, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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40
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Santos SAO, Félix R, Pais ACS, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E847. [PMID: 31835386 PMCID: PMC6995553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- On Leave MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Adriana C. S. Pais
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- QOPNA/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
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Yuan Y, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Geng Y, Zou P, Li Y, Zhang C. Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Brown Macroalgae Lessonia trabeculate Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Modulate Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12472-12480. [PMID: 31642672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae are an important source of polyphenols with multiple health functions. In this work, polyphenol extracts from Lessonia trabeculate were purified and investigated for the antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. The purified polyphenol extracts exhibited good antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition activities (IC50 < 0.25 mg/mL). The HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis indicated that the compounds in polyphenol extracts were mainly phlorotannin derivatives, phenolic acid derivatives, and gallocatechin derivatives. In vivo, C57BL/6J rats treated with polyphenol extracts for 4 weeks had lower fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels, as well as better serum lipid profiles and antioxidant stress parameters, compared with the diabetic control (DC) group. Histopathology revealed that polyphenol extracts preserved the architecture and function of the liver. Short-chain fatty acid contents in rats' fecal samples with polyphenols administration were significantly recovered as compared with the DC group. Furthermore, the gut microflora of rats was investigated with high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and results indicated that polyphenol extracts had a positive effect on regulating the dysbiosis of the microbial ecology in diabetic rats. All of the results from the study provided a scientific reference of the potentially beneficial effects of L. trabeculate polyphenols on diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Yuting Geng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Ping Zou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , China
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42
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Kumar Singh A, Cabral C, Kumar R, Ganguly R, Kumar Rana H, Gupta A, Rosaria Lauro M, Carbone C, Reis F, Pandey AK. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2216. [PMID: 31540270 PMCID: PMC6770155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria, referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, antibiotics, as well as environmental factors, particularly diet, thus causing a disruption of microbiota equilibrium (dysbiosis). Growing evidences support the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal cardiometabolic diseases, namely obesity and diabetes. This review firstly overviews the role of GM in health and disease, then critically reviews the evidences regarding the influence of dietary polyphenols in GM based on preclinical and clinical data, ending with strategies under development to improve efficiency of delivery. Although the precise mechanisms deserve further clarification, preclinical and clinical data suggest that dietary polyphenols present prebiotic properties and exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic GM, having benefits in distinct disorders. Specifically, dietary polyphenols have been shown ability to modulate GM composition and function, interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, membrane permeability, as well as sensitizing bacteria to xenobiotics. In addition, can impact on gut metabolism and immunity and exert anti-inflammatory properties. In order to overcome the low bioavailability, several different approaches have been developed, aiming to improve solubility and transport of dietary polyphenols throughout the GI tract and deliver in the targeted intestinal regions. Although more research is still needed, particularly translational and clinical studies, the biotechnological progresses achieved during the last years open up good perspectives to, in a near future, be able to improve the use of dietary polyphenols modulating GM in a broad range of disorders characterized by a dysbiotic phenotype.
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Grants
- UID/NEU/04539/2013 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- UID/NEU/04539/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- PTDC/SAU-NUT/31712/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031712 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- AKS, RK and RG Senior/Junior research fellowship Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST) of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment UGC-SAP, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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43
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Liu XY, Liu D, Lin GP, Wu YJ, Gao LY, Ai C, Huang YF, Wang MF, El-Seedi HR, Chen XH, Zhao C. Anti-ageing and antioxidant effects of sulfate oligosaccharides from green algae Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha prolifera in SAMP8 mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:342-351. [PMID: 31377292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides from green algae Ulva lactuca (ULO) and Enteromorpha prolifera (EPO) were used for investigation of anti-ageing effects and the underlying mechanism in SAMP8 mice. The structural properties of ULO and EPO were analyzed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and agarose gel electrophoresis. These oligosaccharides enhanced the glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and telomerase levels and total antioxidant capicity, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and advanced glycation end products. After ULO and EPO treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, decreased; the BDNF and ChAT levels increased; and hippocampal neurons were protected. Downregulation of the p53 and FOXO1 genes and upregulation of the Sirt1 gene indicated that ULO and EPO have potential therapeutic effects in the prevention of ageing in SAMP8 mice. By 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the abundance of Desulfovibrio was discovered to be markedly different in mice treated with ULO and EPO. The abundances of Verrucomicrobiaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Planococcaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae were positively correlated with age-related indicators. These results demonstrated that oligosaccharides from U. lactuca and E. prolifera are ideal candidate compounds that can be used in functional foods and pharmaceuticals to prevent ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guo-Peng Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lu-Ying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Chao Ai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Food and Nutrition Department, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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44
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Song W, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Effects of Blidingia sp. Extract on Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiota Composition in LPS-Challenged Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:763. [PMID: 31293440 PMCID: PMC6603216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blidingia sp. is a green alga that has spread rapidly in Subei Shoal, China. To explore the potential beneficial effects of Blidingia sp., we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of its water–methanol extract of Blidingia sp. in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The results revealed that the administration of Blidingia extract significantly alleviated the LPS-induced increase of the inflammatory cytokine content in the serum, as well as latter’s gene expression in the ileum. Moreover, the extract inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα in LPS-challenged mice. Apart from these changes, the extract also averted intestinal morphology damage(s) and cell apoptosis in mice. Interestingly, the extract also had beneficial effects on the diversity and composition of caecal microbiota in LPS-challenged mice. In conclusion, the results suggested that Blidingia extract had beneficial effects on the recovery of intestinal function by reducing the inflammatory response, improving the maintenance of intestinal morphology, and decreasing cell apoptosis in LPS-induced intestinal inflammation. In addition, the beneficial effects of the extract on caecal microbiota composition may play a role in its anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggested that Blidingia extract could be potentially used in preventing intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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