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Rezaee N, Hone E, Sohrabi HR, Johnson S, Zhong L, Chatur P, Gunzburg S, Martins RN, Fernando WMADB. Sorghum Grain Polyphenolic Extracts Demonstrate Neuroprotective Effects Related to Alzheimer's Disease in Cellular Assays. Foods 2024; 13:1716. [PMID: 38890943 PMCID: PMC11171927 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorghum grain contains high levels and a diverse profile of polyphenols (PPs), which are antioxidants known to reduce oxidative stress when consumed in the diet. Oxidative stress leading to amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, neurotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, PPs have gained attention as possible therapeutic agents for combating AD. This study aimed to (a) quantify the phenolic compounds (PP) and antioxidant capacities in extracts from six different varieties of sorghum grain and (b) investigate whether these PP extracts exhibit any protective effects on human neuroblastoma (BE(2)-M17) cells against Aβ- and tau-induced toxicity, Aβ aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Aβ and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). PP and antioxidant capacity were quantified using chemical assays. Aβ- and tau-induced toxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay. The thioflavin T (Th-T) assay assessed anti-Aβ aggregation. The dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay determined the levels of general ROS and the MitoSOX assay determined the levels of mitochondrial superoxide. Sorghum varieties Shawaya short black-1 and IS1311C possessed the highest levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, and sorghum varieties differed significantly in their profile of individual PPs. All extracts significantly increased cell viability compared to the control (minus extract). Variety QL33 (at 2000 µg sorghum flour equivalents/mL) showed the strongest protective effect with a 28% reduction in Aβ-toxicity cell death. The extracts of all sorghum varieties significantly reduced Aβ aggregation. All extracts except that from variety B923296 demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) downregulation of Aβ-induced and TBHP-induced ROS and mitochondrial superoxide relative to the control (minus extract) in a dose- and variety-dependent manner. We have demonstrated for the first time that sorghum polyphenolic extracts show promising neuroprotective effects against AD, which indicates the potential of sorghum foods to exert a similar beneficial property in the human diet. However, further analysis in other cellular models and in vivo is needed to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rezaee
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia (E.H.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia (E.H.)
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia (E.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Stuart Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Leizhou Zhong
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Prakhar Chatur
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | | | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia (E.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - W. M. A. D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia (E.H.)
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Gao F, Zhang Z, Xue N, Ma Y, Jiao J, Wang C, Zhang K, Lin Y, Li S, Guo Z, An J, Wang P, Xu B, Lei H. Identification of a novel oligopeptide from defatted walnut meal hydrolysate as a potential neuroprotective agent. Food Funct 2024; 15:5566-5578. [PMID: 38712886 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Free radical damage and oxidative stress are thought to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Walnut peptides, especially walnut oligopeptides, have been shown to protect nerve cells from oxidative stress and inflammatory damage, as well as improve memory function. In this study, walnut peptides were obtained from walnut meal through enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, and gel filtration chromatography. A novel oligopeptide called AQ was successfully isolated and its chemical structure was identified as AASCDQ using ESI-MS/MS. AQ demonstrated remarkable scavenging activity against O2- free radicals (81.00%), DPPH free radicals (79.40%), and ABTS free radicals (67.09%) at a concentration of 1 mg mL-1. Furthermore, AQ exhibited strong neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells, reducing cell injury and apoptosis. AQ also effectively inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors NO (IC50 = 46.03 ± 0.32 μM) and suppressed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo experiments demonstrated that AQ promoted angiogenesis in the quail chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and reduced ROS accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans, thereby extending its lifespan. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of AQ was further confirmed by western blotting. In summary, the novel oligopeptide AQ possesses potential neuroprotective effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and anti-aging properties, making it a promising candidate for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Nannan Xue
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Yunnan Ma
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Jingyi Jiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Keyi Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Yixuan Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Shanlan Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Zhuoqian Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Jin An
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China.
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Umoh IO, Dos Reis HJ, de Oliveira ACP. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Pathways, Mechanisms and Breakthrough Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3044. [PMID: 38474288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease mostly affecting the elderly population. It is characterized by cognitive decline that occurs due to impaired neurotransmission and neuronal death. Even though deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated TAU have been established as major pathological hallmarks of the disease, other factors such as the interaction of genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the development and progression of AD. In general, patients initially present mild forgetfulness and difficulty in forming new memories. As it progresses, there are significant impairments in problem solving, social interaction, speech and overall cognitive function of the affected individual. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most recurrent form of arthritis and widely acknowledged as a whole-joint disease, distinguished by progressive degeneration and erosion of joint cartilage accompanying synovitis and subchondral bone changes that can prompt peripheral inflammatory responses. Also predominantly affecting the elderly, OA frequently embroils weight-bearing joints such as the knees, spine and hips leading to pains, stiffness and diminished joint mobility, which in turn significantly impacts the patient's standard of life. Both infirmities can co-occur in older adults as a result of independent factors, as multiple health conditions are common in old age. Additionally, risk factors such as genetics, lifestyle changes, age and chronic inflammation may contribute to both conditions in some individuals. Besides localized peripheral low-grade inflammation, it is notable that low-grade systemic inflammation prompted by OA can play a role in AD pathogenesis. Studies have explored relationships between systemic inflammatory-associated diseases like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and AD. Given that AD is the most common form of dementia and shares similar risk factors with OA-both being age-related and low-grade inflammatory-associated diseases, OA may indeed serve as a risk factor for AD. This work aims to review literature on molecular mechanisms linking OA and AD pathologies, and explore potential connections between these conditions alongside future prospects and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiongo Okon Umoh
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton Jose Dos Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Chen Z, Wang X, Du S, Liu Q, Xu Z, Guo Y, Lin X. A review on traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture intervention for Alzheimer's disease based on the neuroinflammatory. Chin Med 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38419106 PMCID: PMC10900670 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive development. It is clinically characterized by cognitive impairment, memory impairment and behavioral change. Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and are commonly used in clinical treatment of AD. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD, which combined with existing clinical and preclinical evidence, based on a comprehensive review of neuroinflammation, and discusses the efficacy and potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD. Resveratrol, curcumin, kaempferol and other Chinese herbal medicine components can significantly inhibit the neuroinflammation of AD in vivo and in vitro, and are candidates for the treatment of AD. Acupuncture can alleviate the memory and cognitive impairment of AD by improving neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, nerve cell apoptosis and reducing the production and aggregation of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain. It has the characteristics of early, safe, effective and benign bidirectional adjustment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Simin Du
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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Srivastava A, Johnson M, Renna HA, Sheehan KM, Ahmed S, Palaia T, Pinkhasov A, Gomolin IH, De Leon J, Reiss AB. Therapeutic Potential of P110 Peptide: New Insights into Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2156. [PMID: 38004296 PMCID: PMC10672680 DOI: 10.3390/life13112156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial degeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases, specifically in Alzheimer's disease, involves excessive mitochondrial fission and reduced fusion, leading to cell damage. P110 is a seven-amino acid peptide that restores mitochondrial dynamics by acting as an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. However, the role of P110 as a neuroprotective agent in AD remains unclear. Therefore, we performed cell culture studies to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of P110 on amyloid-β accumulation and mitochondrial functioning. Human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were incubated with 1 µM and 10 µM of P110, and Real-Time PCR and Western blot analysis were done to quantify the expression of genes pertaining to AD and neuronal health. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to P110 significantly increased APP mRNA levels at 1 µM, while BACE1 mRNA levels were increased at both 1 µM and 10 µM. However, protein levels of both APP and BACE1 were significantly reduced at 10 µM of P110. Further, P110 treatment significantly increased ADAM10 and Klotho protein levels at 10 µM. In addition, P110 exposure significantly increased active mitochondria and reduced ROS in live SH-SY5Y cells at both 1 µM and 10 µM concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate that P110 might be useful in attenuating amyloid-β generation and improving neuronal health by maintaining mitochondrial function in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (A.S.); (M.J.); (H.A.R.); (K.M.S.); (S.A.); (T.P.); (A.P.); (I.H.G.); (J.D.L.)
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6
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Lee B, Jung YD. Reactive Oxygen Species and H. pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Their Roles in Gastric Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37760015 PMCID: PMC10525271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and makes up a significant component of the global cancer burden. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most influential risk factor for GC, with the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifying it as a Class I carcinogen for GC. H. pylori has been shown to persist in stomach acid for decades, causing damage to the stomach's mucosal lining, altering gastric hormone release patterns, and potentially altering gastric function. Epidemiological studies have shown that eliminating H. pylori reduces metachronous cancer. Evidence shows that various molecular alterations are present in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions associated with an H. pylori infection. However, although H. pylori can cause oxidative stress-induced gastric cancer, with antioxidants potentially being a treatment for GC, the exact mechanism underlying GC etiology is not fully understood. This review provides an overview of recent research exploring the pathophysiology of H. pylori-induced oxidative stress that can cause cancer and the antioxidant supplements that can reduce or even eliminate GC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
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Pang QQ, Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim JH, Cho EJ. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Pectolinarin against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5826. [PMID: 37570795 PMCID: PMC10420989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of pectolinarin against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurodegenerative diseases-such as Alzheimer's disease-are potentially associated with oxidative stress, which causes excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA and proteins in neuronal cells. The results of this study demonstrate that pectolinarin can scavenge hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, pectolinarin significantly increased cell viability while reducing ROS production and LDH release in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced control group. Additionally, Pectolinarin recovered protein expression from H2O2-altered levels back to close-to-normal SH-SY5Y cell levels for components of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways-such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), anti-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B-cell lympho-ma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). These findings suggest that pectolinarin has the potential to be used as a plant material for functional foods to be applied in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, by mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage to neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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Razdar S, Panahi Y, Mohammadi R, Khedmat L, Khedmat H. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:e001158. [PMID: 37597875 PMCID: PMC10441054 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haemorrhoids are one of the most common gastrointestinal and anal diseases. In olive oil and honey propolis, flavonoids have beneficial effects on improving vascular function and decreasing vascular resistance. In this study, we aimed to produce a combination of these two substances in the form of lotions and assess their healing and side effects in comparison with routine treatment, anti-haemorrhoid ointment (containing hydrocortisone and lidocaine). DESIGN In this randomised clinical trial study, 86 patients with grade 2 or more haemorrhoid degrees, diagnosed by colonoscopy, were divided into two groups, the case (n=44) and control (n=42). The case group was treated with flavonoid lotion, and the control group was treated with anti-haemorrhoid ointment two times per day for 1 month. Patients were followed weekly with history and physical examination. The data of the two groups were collected before and after the intervention and statistically analysed. RESULTS Post-treatment reduction in haemorrhoid grade was significant in the case group (p=0.02). This ratio was insignificant in the control group (p=0.139). Flavonoid lotion (p<0.05) significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of haemorrhoids more than anti-haemorrhoid ointment. CONCLUSION According to the results, flavonoid lotion can be an excellent alternative to topical chemical drugs, such as anti-haemorrhoid ointment, in treating haemorrhoid disease. Besides its effectiveness and safety, it can be easily manufactured and widely available to patien.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Razdar
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ramtin Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hossein Khedmat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alimenti C, Lianza M, Antognoni F, Giusti L, Bistoni O, Liotta L, Angeloni C, Lupidi G, Beghelli D. Characterization and Biological Activities of In Vitro Digested Olive Pomace Polyphenols Evaluated on Ex Vivo Human Immune Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052122. [PMID: 36903372 PMCID: PMC10004623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) represents one of the main by-products of olive oil production, which still contains high quantities of health-promoting bioactive compounds. In the present study, three batches of sun-dried OP were characterized for their profile in phenolic compounds (by HPLC-DAD) and in vitro antioxidant properties (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays) before (methanolic extracts) and after (aqueous extracts) their simulated in vitro digestion and dialysis. Phenolic profiles, and, accordingly, the antioxidant activities, showed significant differences among the three OP batches, and most compounds showed good bioaccessibility after simulated digestion. Based on these preliminary screenings, the best OP aqueous extract (OP-W) was further characterized for its peptide composition and subdivided into seven fractions (OP-F). The most promising OP-F (characterized for its metabolome) and OP-W samples were then assessed for their potential anti-inflammatory properties in ex vivo human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of 16 pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in PBMC culture media by multiplex ELISA assay, whereas the gene expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by real time RT-qPCR. Interestingly, OP-W and PO-F samples had a similar effect in reducing the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, but only OP-W was able to reduce the release of these inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of OP-W is different from that of OP-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alimenti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabiana Antognoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Romero-Márquez JM, Forbes-Hernández TY, Navarro-Hortal MD, Quirantes-Piné R, Grosso G, Giampieri F, Lipari V, Sánchez-González C, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Olive Leaf Polyphenols against Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054353. [PMID: 36901783 PMCID: PMC10001635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the cause of around 60-70% of global cases of dementia and approximately 50 million people have been reported to suffer this disease worldwide. The leaves of olive trees (Olea europaea) are the most abundant by-products of the olive grove industry. These by-products have been highlighted due to the wide variety of bioactive compounds such as oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) with demonstrated medicinal properties to fight AD. In particular, the olive leaf (OL), OLE, and HT reduced not only amyloid-β formation but also neurofibrillary tangles formation through amyloid protein precursor processing modulation. Although the isolated olive phytochemicals exerted lower cholinesterase inhibitory activity, OL demonstrated high inhibitory activity in the cholinergic tests evaluated. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects may be associated with decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 modulation, respectively. Despite the limited research, evidence indicates that OL consumption promotes autophagy and restores loss of proteostasis, which was reflected in lower toxic protein aggregation in AD models. Therefore, olive phytochemicals may be a promising tool as an adjuvant in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Vivian Lipari
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Prohect Management, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito 250, Bié, Angola
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hoffmann LF, Martins A, Majolo F, Contini V, Laufer S, Goettert MI. Neural regeneration research model to be explored: SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1265-1266. [PMID: 36453406 PMCID: PMC9838160 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lavynia Ferreira Hoffmann
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Martins
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Majolo
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - PPGCM, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado/RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Contini
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - PPGCM, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado/RS, Brazil
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tűbingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery - TÜCADD, Eberhard Karls University Tűbingen, Tűbingen, Germany
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences - PPGCM, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado/RS, Brazil,Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tűbingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery - TÜCADD, Eberhard Karls University Tűbingen, Tűbingen, Germany,Correspondence to: Márcia Inês Goettert, or .
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12
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Yang YH, Hsieh SW, Chang HW, Sung JL, Chuu CP, Yen CW, Hour TC. Gamma Frequency Inhibits the Secretion and Aggregation of Amyloid-β and Decreases the Phosphorylation of mTOR and Tau Proteins in vitro. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:917-928. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was the main cause of dementia in an aging society; unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for AD now. Meditation has been reported to thicken the cerebral cortex, and gamma wave at a frequency of 40 hertz (Hz) was recorded during the meditation process from the brain. Previous study showed that non-invasive scintillation gamma frequency oscillation increased the space in recognition and memory of auditory cortex hippocampal gyrus in AD mice model. However, the AD-related molecular change by exposure of 40 Hz gamma frequency in brain cells was still unclear. Objective: We investigated the AD-related molecular change by exposure of 40 Hz gamma frequency in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: We designed the light and sound generators at 40 Hz gamma frequency for this study. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to sound or light of 40 Hz gamma frequency, respectively. The concentrations of amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein levels were examined by western blotting. The aggregation of Aβ42 was examined by thioflavin T assay. Results: Our results showed that the secretion of Aβ, phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and tau, and aggregation of Aβ42 were significantly inhibited by 40 Hz gamma frequency in SH-SY5Y cells. The phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, downstream of mTOR, was induced by 40 Hz gamma frequency in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: Our study showed 40 Hz gamma frequency involved in the inhibition of secretion and aggregation of Aβ and inhibition of p-Tau protein expression through the mTOR/4E-BP1/Tau signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Wung Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Wen Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Li Sung
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Yen
- Master’s Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Seed Phytochemical Profiling of Three Olive Cultivars, Antioxidant Capacity, Enzymatic Inhibition, and Effects on Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165057. [PMID: 36014295 PMCID: PMC9412495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the phytochemical composition of olive seed extracts from different cultivars (‘Cobrançosa’, ‘Galega’, and ’Picual’) and their antioxidant capacity. In addition, it also appraised their potential antineurodegenerative properties on the basis of their ability to inhibit enzymes associated with neurodegenerative diseases: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR). To achieve this goal, the phenolic composition of the extracts was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). The antioxidant capacity was assessed by two different methods (ABTS•+ and DPPH•), and the antineurodegenerative potential by the capacity of these extracts to inhibit the aforementioned related enzymes. The results showed that seed extracts presented a high content of phenolic compounds and a remarkable ability to scavenge ABTS•+ and DPPH•. Tyrosol, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, nüzhenide, oleuropein, and ligstroside were the main phenolic compounds identified in the extracts. ‘Galega’ was the most promising cultivar due to its high concentration of phenolic compounds, high antioxidant capacity, and remarkable inhibition of AChE, BChE, and TYR. It can be concluded that olive seed extracts may provide a sustainable source of bioactive compounds for medical and industrial applications.
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14
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Lotan R, Ravona-Springer R, Shakked J, Lin HM, Ouyang Y, Shahar DR, Bezalel S, Agarwal P, Dhana K, Heymann A, Sano M, Schnaider Beeri M. Greater intake of the MEDI diet is associated with better cognitive trajectory in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 190:109989. [PMID: 35820563 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine associations of three dietary patterns (Mediterranean (MEDI) diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the Mediterranean- DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet) with cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). METHODS This is a longitudinal observational study. Participants (N = 960) from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study were included in this study. A multivariable-adjusted model including all three dietary patterns concurrently was developed to investigate their independent effect on cognitive decline. RESULTS The mean follow up was 4.1 ± 2.1 years. While high adherence to both the MIND and the MEDI diet was associated with a slower decline, in the multivariable model only the associations of higher MEDI diet intake with greater decline in global cognition and in executive functions remained significant (β = 0.013, SE = 0.006; P = 0.042; β = 0.001, SE = 0.008, Pv = 0.023 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In older adults with T2D, adherence to the MEDI is related to better cognitive trajectory. Diet is a meaningful factor in the path linking T2D and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Lotan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Shakked
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxia Ouyang
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danit R Shahar
- The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sharon Bezalel
- The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Sano
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Khoba K, Kumar S, Chatterjee S, Purty RS. Isolation, Characterization, and In Silico Interaction Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Caesalpinia bonducella with Target Proteins Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2216-2234. [PMID: 35507252 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Various drug targets implicated in AD are amyloid beta peptides, cholinesterase enzymes, and anti-amylogenic protein. Medicinal plants derived phytochemical constituents provide a vast pool of diverse compounds as a source of novel drugs. In view of this, the Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract and its active phytoconstituents were used to study the disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease. The present study successfully demonstrated the therapeutic potential of various phytochemicals as it binds to multiple drug targets, resulting in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), BACE-1 enzyme, and anti-amylogenic protein as indicated by docking analysis. In conclusion, phytochemicals identified can be used as a suitable lead to developing a molecule that might have multi-targeted directed ligand (MTDL) potential and disease amelioration effects in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khoba
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sayan Chatterjee
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Ram Singh Purty
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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16
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De Luca P, Macario A, Siciliano C, B.Nagy J. Recovery of Biophenols from Olive Vegetation Waters by Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082893. [PMID: 35454586 PMCID: PMC9025687 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of using carbon nanotubes for the treatment of olive vegetation waters (OVWs) was investigated. In general, the disposal of OVWs represents an important environmental problem. The possibility of considering these waters no longer just as a problem but as a source of noble substances, thanks to the recovery of biophenols from them, was tested. In particular, predetermined quantities of olive vegetation waters were treated with carbon nanotubes. The quantities of adsorbed biophenols were studied as a function of the quantities of carbon nanotubes used and the contact time. The experimental conditions for obtaining both the highest possible quantities of biophenol and a purer adsorbate with the highest percentage of biophenols were studied. After the adsorption tests, the vegetation waters were analyzed by UV spectrophotometry to determine, in particular, the variation in the concentration of biophenols. The carbon nanotubes were weighed before and after each adsorption test. In addition, kinetic studies of the adsorption processes were considered. Carbon nanotubes proved their effectiveness in recovering biophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierantonio De Luca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496757
| | - Anastasia Macario
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l’Ambiente, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Janos B.Nagy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
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17
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Abdallah IM, Al-Shami KM, Yang E, Wang J, Guillaume C, Kaddoumi A. Oleuropein-Rich Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Neuroinflammation in the Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1002-1013. [PMID: 35263086 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among several neurodegenerative disorders afflicting the elderly. AD is characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neuroinflammation. Several studies have demonstrated the health benefits of olive oil and olive leaf extract (OLE) due to their polyphenolic content. The main phenolic compound in OLE is glycosylated oleuropein (OLG), while the aglycon form of oleuropein (OLA) exists in much lower amounts. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a low dose of OLG-rich OLE and the mechanism(s) that contributed to the observed beneficial effects against Aβ pathology in the homozygous 5xFAD mouse model. Mice were fed with OLE-enriched diet (695 μg/kg body weight/day) for 3 months, starting at 3 months old. Overall findings demonstrated that OLE reduced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and RAGE/HMGB1 pathways. In addition, OLE reduced total Aβ brain levels due to increased clearance and reduced production of Aβ and enhanced BBB integrity and function, which collectively improved the memory function. Thus, the consumption of OLE as a dietary supplement is expected to stop and/or slow the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab M. Abdallah
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kamal M. Al-Shami
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Euitaek Yang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | | | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S Donahue Dr., Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Song G, Liu J, Wang Q, Wang D, Chu B, Li L, Xiao G, Gong J, Zheng F. Layer-by-layer self-assembly of hollow dextran sulfate/chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles loaded with crocin: Fabrication, structural characterization and potential biological fate. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Jiménez-Trigo V, Vera-Ramírez L, Forbes-Hernández TJ, Esteban-Muñoz A, Giampieri F, Bullón P, Battino M, Sánchez-González C, Quiles JL. An oleuropein rich-olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract reduces β-amyloid and tau proteotoxicity through regulation of oxidative- and heat shock-stress responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112914. [PMID: 35276233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Olive tree-derived products have been associated with numerous benefits for health. The aim of the present study was to characterize an olive leaf extract enriched in oleuropein (OLE) concerning phenolic content and profile as well as antioxidant capacity. Short-term and long-term toxicity, including oxidative stress, was in vivo evaluated in the experimental model Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, the potential therapeutic effect of the extract against Aβ induced- and tau protein induced-toxicity was also evaluated in C. elegans. OLE treatment did not exert toxicity. On the contrary, the extract was able to ameliorate oxidative stress and proteotoxicity related to Aβ and tau aggregation. The potential molecular mechanisms present behind the observed results explored by RNAi technology revealed that DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2, elements of the insulin insulin-like signalling pathway, as well as HSP-16.2 overexpression were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez-Trigo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramírez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain; Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncology (Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Tamara J Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n, 18100, Armilla, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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20
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Yan XW, Liu HJ, Hong YX, Meng T, Du J, Chang C. lncRNA XIST induces Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation by the epigenetic repression of NEP in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:11-20. [PMID: 35098860 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2028784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Hong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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21
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Innovative Extraction Technologies for Development of Functional Ingredients Based on Polyphenols from Olive Leaves. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010103. [PMID: 35010227 PMCID: PMC8750173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europea L.) leaves represent around 10% of the total weight of olives arriving at any given mill, which are generally discarded, causing economic and environmental issues. However, these are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds (i.e., polyphenols), which have health-promoting potential. Thus, the valorization of olive leaves by recovering and reusing their components should be a must for food sustainability and circular economy. This review provides an insight into the principal polyphenols present in olive leaves, together with agronomic variables influencing their content. It also summarizes the recent advances in the application of novel extraction technologies that have shown promising extraction efficacy, reducing the volume of extraction solvent and saving time and cost. Moreover, potential industrial uses and international patents filed in the pharmaceutic, food, and cosmetic sectors are discussed.
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22
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Butt MS, Tariq U, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Naz A, Rizwan M. Neuroprotective effects of oleuropein: Recent developments and contemporary research. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13967. [PMID: 34716610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are increasing at a faster pace due to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. It is reported that the Mediterranean diet including olives as a major dietary component prevents and ameliorates neurological anomalies. Oleuropein is the major bioactive component in different parts of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) tree. Several mechanisms have been reported for the neuroprotective role of oleuropein including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, enhancing the antioxidant pool of the cerebral region, decreasing the unnecessary release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by deactivating the microglia cells and astrocytes thus preventing the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Regular intake of oleuropein seems to be correlated with decreased risks of neural disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, strokes, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and others. This review majorly discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, and metabolism of oleuropein along with an updated vision of its neuroprotective role in counteracting the acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, mechanisms by which oleuropein may prevent neurodegeneration are reviewed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Neurological disorders are negatively affecting the health and life quality of individuals around the globe. Although various medicinal solutions are available to tackle such ailments, none has proven to fully cure and being deprived of side effects. In this respect, the prevention of such disorders using natural remedies may be an effective strategy to overcome the incidence of the increasing cases. Furthermore, the natural compounds provide a safer alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. Hence, oleuropein from olive tree products is found to be efficacious against neurological disorders. This review provides an updated insight on the positive effects of oleuropein against neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The diet practitioners and nutraceutical companies may benefit from the provided information to design and develop strategies to improve the mental health of suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zhang M, Song G, Wang S, Ge L, Liu F, Zhang M, Xie H, Feng J, Shen Q. Characterization of Metabolites in a Zebrafish Model of Alzheimer's Disease Supplemented with Mussel-Derived Plasmalogens by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry-Based Unbiased Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12187-12196. [PMID: 34623133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens (Pls) are bioactive substances enriched in the brain with a regulatory effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), while their metabolomic influence accompanying AD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we extracted and purified Pls (purity of ≥90%) from mussels and applied unbiased metabolomics using ultraperformance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the variation of metabolites in the major metabolic pathways of AD and revealed the cognitive improvement effect of Pls using an experimental AD zebrafish model. The results showed that 37 differential endogenous metabolites were identified, among which glycerophosphocholine, choline, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), l-glutamine, linoleic acid, 9(S)-HPODE, methionine, and creatine were the major abnormally regulated metabolites, and the first four metabolites were viewed as potential endogenous markers. This study suggested that systemic metabolic profiling could reveal the potential metabolic networks of AD and illuminated the protective effect of Pls on AD through biochemistry mechanisms and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gongshuai Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shitong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lijun Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feijian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hujun Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junli Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Zhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Gallego R, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Ibáñez E, Herrero M, Valdés A, Cifuentes A. In vitro Neuroprotective Potential and Lipidomics Study of Olive Leaves Extracts Enriched in Triterpenoids. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769218. [PMID: 34708068 PMCID: PMC8542692 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is associated with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque formation. Genetic, environmental, and nutrition factors have been suggested as contributors to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation events that are connected to AD etiology, and secondary metabolites, such as triterpenes, have shown promising results in AD prevention. In this work, the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of an olive leaves fraction enriched in triterpenoid compounds obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption using sea sand as adsorbent has been performed. In addition, a comprehensive lipidomics study of the response of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line to this fraction was carried out using advanced analytical methodologies, namely, charged-surface hybrid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (CSH-Q-TOF MS/MS). The use of freely available lipidomic annotation tools and databases, and stringent cut-off filters allowed the annotation of more than 250 intracellular lipids. Advanced bioinformatics and statistical tools showed a number of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines significantly increased, which could explain the protection against the cell death caused by Aβ1-42. Moreover, several triacylglycerols were found decreased. These results suggest triterpenoids from olive leaves as good neuroprotective candidates, and open a new gate for future experiments using in vivo models to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gallego
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zully J. Suárez-Montenegro
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Theoharides TC. Ways to Address Perinatal Mast Cell Activation and Focal Brain Inflammation, including Response to SARS-CoV-2, in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:860. [PMID: 34575637 PMCID: PMC8465360 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to increase, but no distinct pathogenesis or effective treatment are known yet. The presence of many comorbidities further complicates matters, making a personalized approach necessary. An increasing number of reports indicate that inflammation of the brain leads to neurodegenerative changes, especially during perinatal life, "short-circuiting the electrical system" in the amygdala that is essential for our ability to feel emotions, but also regulates fear. Inflammation of the brain can result from the stimulation of mast cells-found in all tissues including the brain-by neuropeptides, stress, toxins, and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, leading to the activation of microglia. These resident brain defenders then release even more inflammatory molecules and stop "pruning" nerve connections, disrupting neuronal connectivity, lowering the fear threshold, and derailing the expression of emotions, as seen in ASD. Many epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between ASD and atopic dermatitis (eczema), asthma, and food allergies/intolerance, all of which involve activated mast cells. Mast cells can be triggered by allergens, neuropeptides, stress, and toxins, leading to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and activation of microglia. Moreover, many epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between stress and atopic dermatitis (eczema) during gestation, which involves activated mast cells. Both mast cells and microglia can also be activated by SARS-CoV-2 in affected mothers during pregnancy. We showed increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its receptor, but decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-38 and its receptor IL-36R, only in the amygdala of deceased children with ASD. We further showed that the natural flavonoid luteolin is a potent inhibitor of the activation of both mast cells and microglia, but also blocks SARS-CoV-2 binding to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A treatment approach should be tailored to each individual patient and should address hyperactivity/stress, allergies, or food intolerance, with the introduction of natural molecules or drugs to inhibit mast cells and microglia, such as liposomal luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite 304, Boston, MA 02111, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(617)-636-6866; Fax: +1-(617)-636-2456
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Differential Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Aggregation and Stability of CFTR NBD1-ΔF508 Domain. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss of function mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The folding and assembly of CFTR is inefficient. Deletion of F508 in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1-ΔF508) further disrupts protein stability leading to endoplasmic reticulum retention and proteasomal degradation. Stabilization and prevention of NBD1-ΔF508 aggregation is critical to rescuing the folding and function of the entire CFTR channel. We report that the phenolic compounds Oleuropein and Hydroxytryosol reduce aggregation of NBD1-ΔF508. The NBD1-ΔF508 aggregate size was smaller in the presence of Hydroxytryosol as determined by dynamic light scattering. Neither phenolic compound increased the thermal stability of NBD1-ΔF508 as measured by differential scanning fluorimetry. Interestingly, Hydroxytyrosol inhibited the stabilizing effect of the indole compound BIA, a known stabilizer, on NBD1-ΔF508. Molecular docking studies predicted that Oleuropein preferred to bind in the F1-type core ATP-binding subdomain in NBD1. In contrast, Hydroxytyrosol preferred to bind in the α4/α5/α6 helical bundle of the ABCα subdomain of NBD1 next to the putative binding site for BIA. This result suggests that Hydroxytyrosol interferes with BIA binding, thus providing an explanation for the antagonistic effect on NBD1 stability upon incubation with both compounds. To our knowledge, these studies are the first to explore the effects of these two phenolic compounds on the aggregation and stability of NBD1-ΔF508 domain of CFTR.
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Theoharides TC, Cholevas C, Polyzoidis K, Politis A. Long-COVID syndrome-associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue. Biofactors 2021; 47:232-241. [PMID: 33847020 PMCID: PMC8250989 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 leads to severe respiratory problems, but also to long-COVID syndrome associated primarily with cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Long-COVID syndrome symptoms, especially brain fog, are similar to those experienced by patients undertaking or following chemotherapy for cancer (chemofog or chemobrain), as well in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). The pathogenesis of brain fog in these illnesses is presently unknown but may involve neuroinflammation via mast cells stimulated by pathogenic and stress stimuli to release mediators that activate microglia and lead to inflammation in the hypothalamus. These processes could be mitigated by phytosomal formulation (in olive pomace oil) of the natural flavonoid luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of ImmunologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- School of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineTufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryTufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- BrainGateThessalonikiGreece
| | | | | | - Antonios Politis
- First Department of PsychiatryEginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian UniversityAthensGreece
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28
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Mallamaci R, Budriesi R, Clodoveo ML, Biotti G, Micucci M, Ragusa A, Curci F, Muraglia M, Corbo F, Franchini C. Olive Tree in Circular Economy as a Source of Secondary Metabolites Active for Human and Animal Health Beyond Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041072. [PMID: 33670606 PMCID: PMC7922482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) contains many bioactive compounds with multiple biological activities that make it one of the most important functional foods. Both the constituents of the lipid fraction and that of the unsaponifiable fraction show a clear action in reducing oxidative stress by acting on various body components, at concentrations established by the European Food Safety Authority's claims. In addition to the main product obtained by the mechanical pressing of the fruit, i.e., the EVOO, the residual by-products of the process also contain significant amounts of antioxidant molecules, thus potentially making the Olea europea L. an excellent example of the circular economy. In fact, the olive mill wastewaters, the leaves, the pomace, and the pits discharged from the EVOO production process are partially recycled in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields also because of their antioxidant effect. This work presents an overview of the biological activities of these by-products, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays, and also from clinical trials, as well as their main formulations currently available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Aldo Moro Bari, 702125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Biotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesca Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805442746
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
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29
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Zeng YQ, Gu JH, Chen L, Zhang TT, Zhou XF. Gastrodin as a multi-target protective compound reverses learning memory deficits and AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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30
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Krishtal J, Metsla K, Bragina O, Tõugu V, Palumaa P. Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptides Varies Depending on Differentiation Route of SH-SY5Y Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:879-887. [PMID: 31450506 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder being the major form of dementia worldwide. AD pathology is initiated by cerebral aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques; however, the mechanism how Aβ peptide aggregates participate in the disease progression and neurodegeneration is still under debate. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is a convenient cellular model, which is widely used in biochemical and toxicological studies of neurodegenerative diseases. This model can be further improved by differentiation of the cells toward more neuron-like culture using different protocols. In the current study, dbcAMP, retinoic acid with TPA, or BDNF were used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, and the resulting cultures were tested for the toxicity toward the Aβ42 peptide. The toxicity of Aβ42 peptide depended on the type of differentiated cells: RA and TPA- differentiated cells were most resistant, whereas dbcAMP and RA/BDNF- differentiated cells were more sensitive to Aβ toxicity as compared with non-differentiated cells. The differentiated cultures provide more appropriate cellular models of human origin that can be used for studies of the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis and for a screening of compounds antagonistic to the toxicity of Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Krishtal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Metsla
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Attenuation of Oxidative Stress by Cannabinoids and Cannabis Extracts in Differentiated Neuronal Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110328. [PMID: 33105840 PMCID: PMC7690570 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, the antioxidant activity of phytocannabinoids, namely cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), were investigated using an in vitro system of differentiated human neuronal SY-SH5Y cells. The oxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide, as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathological conditions were mimicked in vitro by treating the differentiated neuronal cells with amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) in the presence of Cu(II). We showed that THC had a high potency to combat oxidative stress in both in vitro models, while CBD did not show a remarkable antioxidant activity. The cannabis extracts also exhibited a significant antioxidant activity, which depended on the ratio of the THC and CBD. However, our results did not suggest any antagonist effect of the CBD on the antioxidant activity of THC. The effect of cannabis extracts on the cell viability of differentiated human neuronal SY-SH5Y cells was also investigated, which emphasized the differences between the bioactivity of cannabis extracts due to their composition. Our preliminary results demonstrated that cannabis extracts and phytocannabinoids have a promising potential as antioxidants, which can be further investigated to develop novel pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress therapy.
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32
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Chang YF, Zhang D, Hu WM, Liu DX, Li L. Semaglutide-mediated protection against Aβ correlated with enhancement of autophagy and inhibition of apotosis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 81:234-239. [PMID: 33222922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue with an extended half-life of approximately 1 week has being come into clinic trial to treat parkingson's disease but little is known about its effect to prevent against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of the present study was to explore the potential mechanisms of semaglutide to protect against AD. METHODS We treated SH-SY5Y cell line with Aβ25-35 as an AD model. Further, SH-SY5Y cells damaged by Aβ25-35 were treated by semaglutide. Autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were measured to explore molecular mechanisms for semaglutide to protect against Aβ25-35. RESULTS Semaglutide enhanced autophagy by increasing the expression of LC3II, Atg7, Beclin-1 and P62 which were inhibited by Aβ25-35. Further we showed that semaglutide inhibited apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bax induced by Aβ25-35 and increasing the expression of Bcl2 inhibited by Aβ25-35. CONCLUSION Our results provide a clue for the hypothesis that autophagy enhancement and apoptosis inhibition may be involved in the effect of semaglutide to protect against Aβ 25-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei-Min Hu
- Neurology Department, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong-Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Neurology Department, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Visioli F, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Gómez-Torres Ó, Pintado-Losa C, Burgos-Ramos E. Hydroxytyrosol improves mitochondrial energetics of a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:990-1000. [PMID: 33023416 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1829344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic deficit is one of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders, e.g. Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with lower incidence of cognitive decline and AD and extra virgin olive oil's (poly)phenols such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are being actively studied in this respect. In this study, we assessed the effects of HT on mitochondrial energetic dysfunction in the 7PA2 cells cellular model, i.e. one of the best cellular models of Aβ toxicity with a well-characterized mitochondrial dysfunction typically observed in AD. We report an increase of new mitochondria at 8 h post HT-treatment, which was followed by higher mitochondrial fusion. Further, ATP concentrations were significantly increased after 24 h of treatment with HT as compared with controls. Our data suggest that HT may revert the energetic deficit of a cellular model of AD by potentiating mitochondrial activity. Because HT is being proposed as dietary supplement or component of functional foods, future studies in appropriate animal models and - eventually - humans are warranted to further investigate its potential neuroprotective actions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Óscar Gómez-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado-Losa
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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34
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Olive Leaves and Hibiscus Flowers Extracts-Based Preparation Protect Brain from Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090806. [PMID: 32882797 PMCID: PMC7555463 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arising from tissue redox imbalance, critically contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, natural compounds, owing to their antioxidant properties, have promising therapeutic potential. Pres phytum (PRES) is a nutraceutical product composed of leaves- and flowers-extracts of Olea europaea L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively, the composition of which has been characterized by HPLC coupled to a UV-Vis and QqQ-Ms detector. As PRES possess antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, the aim of this study was to assess its neuroprotective effects in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in rat brain slices subjected to OS. PRES (1–50 µg/mL) reverted the decrease in viability as well as the increase in sub-diploid-, DAPI-and annexin V-positive-cells, reduced ROS formation, recovered the mitochondrial potential and caspase-3 and 9 activity changes caused by OS. PRES (50–100 µg/mL) neuroprotective effects occurred also in rat brain slices subjected to H2O2 challenge. Finally, as the neuroprotective potential of PRES is strictly related to its penetration into the brain and a relatively good pharmacokinetic profile, an in-silico prediction of its components drug-like properties was carried out. The present results suggest the possibility of PRES as a nutraceutical, which could help in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dimethyl Fumarate Mitigates Tauopathy in Aβ-Induced Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2641-2652. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sagnou M, Mavroidi B, Kaminari A, Boukos N, Pelecanou M. Novel Isatin Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation and Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2266-2276. [PMID: 32598129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of β-amyloid peptide (Αβ) aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the therapeutic approaches against AD which still attracts scientific research interest. In the search for compounds that interact with Aβ and disrupt its typical aggregation course toward oligomeric or polymeric toxic assemblies, small organic molecules of natural origin, combining low molecular weight (necessary blood-brain barrier penetration) and low toxicity (necessary for pharmacological application), are greatly sought after. Isatin (1H-indoline-2,3-dione), a natural endogenous indole, and many of its derivatives exhibit a wide spectrum of neuropharmacological and chemotherapeutic properties. The synthesis and biological evaluation of four new isatins as inhibitors of Aβ aggregation is presented herein. In these derivatives, the N-phenyl thiosemicarbazide moiety is joined at the 3-oxo position of isatin through Schiff base formation, and substitutions are present at the indole nitrogen and position 5 of the isatin core. Biophysical studies employing circular dichroism, thioflavin T fluorescence assay, and transmission electron microscopy reveal the potential of the isatin thiosemicarbazones (ITSCs) to alter the course of Αβ aggregation, with two of the derivatives exhibiting outstanding inhibition of the aggregation process, preventing completely the formation of amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, in in vitro studies in primary neuronal cell cultures, the ITSCs were found to inhibit the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production at concentrations as low as 1 μM. Taken all together, the novel ITSCs can be considered as privileged structures for further development as potential AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Advantages and Pitfalls in Fluid Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030063. [PMID: 32708853 PMCID: PMC7563364 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease in the advanced-age population, with a doubling of prevalence for each 5 years of age above 60 years. In the past two decades, there has been a sustained effort to find suitable biomarkers that may not only aide with the diagnosis of AD early in the disease process but also predict the onset of the disease in asymptomatic individuals. Current diagnostic evidence is supportive of some biomarker candidates isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) as being involved in the pathophysiology of AD. However, there are a few biomarkers that have been shown to be helpful, such as proteomic, inflammatory, oral, ocular and olfactory in the early detection of AD, especially in the individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To date, biomarkers are collected through invasive techniques, especially CSF from lumbar puncture; however, non-invasive (radio imaging) methods are used in practice to diagnose AD. In order to reduce invasive testing on the patients, present literature has highlighted the potential importance of biomarkers in blood to assist with diagnosing AD.
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Stefanescu R, Stanciu GD, Luca A, Paduraru L, Tamba BI. Secondary Metabolites from Plants Possessing Inhibitory Properties against Beta-Amyloid Aggregation as Revealed by Thioflavin-T Assay and Correlations with Investigations on Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E870. [PMID: 32517180 PMCID: PMC7355648 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is a continuous search of drugs able to reduce or stop the cognitive decline. Beta-amyloid peptides are composed of 40 and 42 amino acids and are considered a major cause of neuronal toxicity. They are prone to aggregation, yielding oligomers and fibrils through the inter-molecular binding between the amino acid sequences (17-42) of multiple amyloid-beta molecules. Additionally, amyloid deposition causes cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The present study aims to identify, in the existing literature, natural plant derived products possessing inhibitory properties against aggregation. The studies searched proved the anti-aggregating effects by the thioflavin T assay and through behavioral, biochemical, and histological analysis carried out upon administration of natural chemical compounds to transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. According to our present study results, fifteen secondary metabolites from plants were identified which presented both evidence coming from the thioflavin T assay and transgenic mouse models developing Alzheimer's disease and six additional metabolites were mentioned due to their inhibitory effects against fibrillogenesis. Among them, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, myricetin, and silibinin were proven to lower the aggregation to less than 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Stefanescu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.); (A.L.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Gabriela Dumitriṭa Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.); (A.L.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Andrei Luca
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.); (A.L.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pneumology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Paduraru
- Division Neonatology, Department Mother & Child Care, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.S.); (A.L.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020149. [PMID: 32050687 PMCID: PMC7070598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae and Pedialaceae, among others. Specifically, Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) is rich in oleuropein (OL), dimethyl-OL, and ligstroside secoiridoids, and their hydrolysis derivatives are mostly OL-aglycone, oleocanthal (OLE), oleacein (OLA), elenolate, oleoside-11-methyl ester, elenoic acid, hydroxytyrosol (HTy), and tyrosol (Ty). These compounds have proved their efficacy in the management of diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and viral and microbial infections. Particularly, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of secoiridoids from the olive tree (Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)) have been suggested as a potential application in a large number of inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated diseases. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the protective role of secoiridoids derived from the olive tree (preclinical studies and clinical trials) in diseases with an important pathogenic contribution of oxidative and peroxidative stress and damage, focusing on their plausible mechanisms of the action involved.
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Deng L, Haynes PA, Wu Y, Amirkhani A, Kamath KS, Wu JX, Pushpitha K, Gupta V, Graham S, Gupta VK, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta peptide neurotoxicity in human neuronal cells is associated with modulation of insulin-like growth factor transport, lysosomal machinery and extracellular matrix receptor interactions. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2131-2142. [PMID: 32394972 PMCID: PMC7716038 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular deposits of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) are known as the main pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. In Alzheimer’s disease, neurons are injured and die throughout the brain, a process in which Aβ neurotoxicity is considered to play an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ toxicity that lead to neurodegeneration are not clearly established. Here we have elucidated the molecular pathways and networks which are impacted by Aβ in neurons using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as a model. These cells were treated with Aβ1–42 peptides to study changes in biochemical networks using tandem mass tag labeled quantitative proteomic technique followed by computational analysis of the data. The molecular impacts of Aβ on cells were evident in a time- and dose-dependent manner, albeit the duration of treatment induced greater differential changes in cellular proteome compared to the effects of concentration. Aβ induced early changes in proteins associated with lysosomes, collagen chain trimerization and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascade, oxidative stress induced senescence, ribosome biogenesis, regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein. These novel findings provide molecular insights on the effects of Aβ on neurons, with implications for better understanding the impacts of Aβ on early neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Deng
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jemma X Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Bartolini M, Davani L, Andrisano V. Advanced analytical methodologies in Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mediterranean and MIND Diets Containing Olive Biophenols Reduces the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112797. [PMID: 31181669 PMCID: PMC6600544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with nonmodifiable conditions including age and lack of effective efficacious pharmacotherapy. During the past decades, the non-pharmacotherapy mode of treatment of dietary modification received extensive attention in AD research. In order to reduce the AD pathology and cognitive decline, various dietary patterns have been attempted including caloric restriction (CR), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), ketogenic diets (KD), Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet. Higher adherence to the MedDi diet was associated with decreases in cardiovascular and neurological disorders including AD and related cognitive decline. However, another emerging healthy dietary pattern MIND diet has also been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction of AD rate. Olive serves as one of the building block components of MedDi and MIND diets and the exerted potential health beneficial might be suggested due to the presence of its bioactive constituents such as oleic acids and phenolic compounds (biophenols). A few trials using medical food showed an optimal result in presymptomatic or early stages of AD. The review supports the notion that MedDi and MIND diets display potential for maintaining the cognitive function as nonpharmacological agents against AD pathology and proposed preventative mechanism through the presence of olive biophenols and presents the gaps along with the future directions.
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Ştefănescu R, Stanciu GD, Luca A, Caba IC, Tamba BI, Mihai CT. Contributions of Mass Spectrometry to the Identification of Low Molecular Weight Molecules Able to Reduce the Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptide to Cell Cultures and Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:E1167. [PMID: 30909659 PMCID: PMC6471768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease affects approximately 33 million people worldwide and is characterized by progressive loss of memory at the cognitive level. The formation of toxic amyloid oligomers, extracellular amyloid plaques and amyloid angiopathy in brain by amyloid beta peptides are considered a part of the identified mechanism involved in disease pathogenesis. The optimal treatment approach leads toward finding a chemical compound able to form a noncovalent complex with the amyloid peptide thus blocking the process of amyloid aggregation. This direction gained an increasing interest lately, many studies demonstrating that mass spectrometry is a valuable method useful for the identification and characterization of such molecules able to interact with amyloid peptides. In the present review we aim to identify in the scientific literature low molecular weight chemical compounds for which there is mass spectrometric evidence of noncovalent complex formation with amyloid peptides and also there are toxicity reduction results which verify the effects of these compounds on amyloid beta toxicity towards cell cultures and transgenic mouse models developing Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ştefănescu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Dumitriṭa Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Andrei Luca
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Ioana Cezara Caba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universităṭii Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
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