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Fei Y, Huang X, Ning F, Qian T, Cui J, Wang X, Huang X. NETs induce ferroptosis of endothelial cells in LPS-ALI through SDC-1/HS and downstream pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116621. [PMID: 38677244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in acute lung injury (ALI), but their mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of NETs on endothelial glycocalyx/HGF/cMET pathway and ferroptosis in ALI and elucidate their potential mechanisms. METHODS Plasma was collected from healthy and sepsis patients to test for differences in neutrophil elastase (NE) expression of NETs components. In addition, LPS-ALI mice and endothelial cell injury models were established, and NETs were disrupted by siPAD4 (a driver gene for NETs) and sivelestat (an inhibitor of the NETs component) in the mice and by sivelestat in the endothelial cell injury models, and the effects of NETs on the SDC-1/HS/HGF/cMET pathway were studied. To verify the relationship between NETs and ferroptosis, Fer1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was added as a positive control to observe the effect of NETs on ferroptosis indicators. RESULTS The expression level of NE was significantly higher in the plasma of sepsis patients. In ALI mice, intervention in the generation of NETs reduced pulmonary vascular permeability, protected the integrity of SDC-1/HS and promoted the downstream HGF/cMET pathway. In addition, sivelestat also improved the survival rate of mice, decreased the serious degree of ferroptosis. In the endothelial cells, the results were consistent with those of the ALI mice. CONCLUSION The study indicates that inhibiting the production of NETs can protect the normal conduction of the SDC-1/HS/HGF/cMET signalling pathway and reduce the severity of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fangyu Ning
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | | | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
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Lee SJ, Yang H, Kim SC, Gu DR, Ryuk JA, Jang SA, Ha H. Ethanol Extract of Radix Asteris Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Alleviates Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16526. [PMID: 38003715 PMCID: PMC10671772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix Asteris, the root of Aster tataricus L. f., is historically significant in East Asian medicine for treating respiratory conditions. Yet, its implications on bone health remain uncharted. This research investigated the impact of an aqueous ethanol extract of Radix Asteris (EERA) on osteoclast differentiation and its prospective contribution to osteoporosis management. We discerned that EERA retards osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression and obstructing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. EERA markedly suppressed RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1, a pivotal osteoclastogenic factor, via modulating early RANK signaling. EERA's therapeutic potential was underscored by its defense against trabecular bone degradation and its counteraction to increased body and perigonadal fat in ovariectomized mice, mirroring postmenopausal physiological changes. In the phytochemical analysis of EERA, we identified several constituents recognized for their roles in regulating bone and fat metabolism. Collectively, our findings emphasize the potential of EERA in osteoclast differentiation modulation and in the management of osteoporosis and associated metabolic changes following estrogen depletion, suggesting its suitability as an alternative therapeutic strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis intertwined with metabolic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ju Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Hyun Yang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Dong Ryun Gu
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jin Ah Ryuk
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Future Technology Research Center, KT&G Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunil Ha
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.L.); (H.Y.); (S.C.K.); (D.R.G.); (J.A.R.)
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Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels and TLR4/NF- κB p65 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6183551. [PMID: 36845637 PMCID: PMC9957650 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6183551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid (HZOL) is a classic Chinese patent medicine used in China for more than 1,000 years in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Clinically applied HZOL in early respiratory disease stages can reduce the proportion of lung infection patients that progress to severe acute lung injury (ALI). However, few pharmacological studies evaluated its level of protection against ALI. We explored mechanisms of HZOL against ALI by employing network pharmacology, molecular docking, and rat experiments. Firstly, network pharmacology prediction and published biological evaluation of active ingredients of HZOL suggested that HZOL exerted the protective effect in treating ALI mainly in the areas of regulation of cell adhesion, immune response, and inflammatory response and closely related to the NF-κB pathway. Secondly, molecular docking results demonstrated that imperatorin and isoimperatorin combined well with targets in the NF-κB pathway. Finally, ALI rats induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used to validate prediction after pretreatment with HZOL for 2 weeks. Results confirmed that lung and colon injury occurred in ALI rats. Furthermore, HZOL exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced ALI and gut injury by repairing lung and colon pathology, reducing and alleviating pulmonary edema, inhibiting abnormal enhancement of thymus and spleen index, modulating hematologic indices, and increasing levels of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum. Additionally, abnormal accumulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was significantly reduced after pretreating with HZOL. Furthermore, HZOL downregulated the expression of TLR4, CD14, and MyD88 and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue. Altogether, HZOL was found to exert an anti-inflammatory effect regulation by increasing levels of SCFAs, inhibiting the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines, and attenuating the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Our study provided experimental evidences for the application of HZOL in preventing and treating ALI.
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Miao J, Shen J, Yan C, Ren J, Liu H, Qiao Y, Li Q. The protective effects of Mai-Luo-Ning injection against LPS-induced acute lung injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154290. [PMID: 35793597 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Various therapeutic strategies for ALI have been proposed over the last few decades; however, the treatment options remain limited. Mai-Luo-Ning injection (MLN), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, has been extensively used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, the effects of MLN on ALI remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of MLN on lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mouse models and RAW 264.7 cells, and further explore the underlying mechanism of these effects. METHODS The therapeutic activity of MLN was evaluated using an in vivo ALI model and an in vitro model of RAW 264.7 macrophages. UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to investigate the chemical constituents of the MLN. The material basis and potential protective mechanism of MLN were analyzed using network pharmacology. The roles of MLN in inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway were investigated via western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS In vivo experiments demonstrated that MLN ameliorated LPS-induced histological changes in lung tissues and reduced lung wet/dry weight ratio, total protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, MLN downregulated the in vivo and in vitro expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that MLN could act synergistically through multiple targets and pathways and exert a protective effect, possibly through inhibiting TLR4/ NF-κB signalling pathways. Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments further confirmed that MLN could regulate the expression of TLR4, MyD88, phospho-IκB-α, and phospho-NF-κB p65 in the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and decrease the translocation of phospho-NF-κB p65 into the nucleus. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MLN has a potential protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, which might be associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Therefore, MLN is worthy of further investigation as a potential candidate for the treatment of ALI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jing Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chaoqun Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jinhong Ren
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Haixin Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yuanbiao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Can natural products modulate cytokine storm in SARS-CoV2 patients? BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 35:e00749. [PMID: 35702395 PMCID: PMC9181898 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune reaction CoV2 can cause uncontrolled systemic inflammatory responses called cytokine storm. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are potential modulators of cytokine storm. Secondary metabolites modulate inflammatory signaling associated with CoV2. The potential applicability of natural products against CoV2 need to be evaluated in strictly defined clinical research.
Currently, the number of cases and deaths of SARS-CoV2, especially among the chronic disease groups, due to aggressive SARS-CoV2 infection is increasing day by day. Various infections, particularly viral ones, cause a cytokine storm resulting in shortness of breath, bleeding, hypotension, and ultimately multi-organ failure due to over-expression of certain cytokines and necrosis factors. The most prominent clinical feature of SARS-CoV2 is the presence of elevated proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with SARS-CoV2. Severe cases exhibit higher levels of cytokines, leading to a “cytokine storm” that further increases disease severity and causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death. Therefore, targeted cytokine production could be a potential therapeutic option for patients severely infected with SARS-CoV2. Given the current scenario, great scientific progress has been made in understanding the disease and its forms of treatment. Because of natural ingredients properties, they have the potential to be used as potential agents with the ability to modulate immune responses. Moreover, they can be used safely because they have no toxic effects, are biodegradable and biocompatible. However, these natural substances can continue to be used in the development of new therapies and vaccines. Finally, the aim and approach of this review article is to highlight current research on the possible use of natural products with promising potential as immune response activators. Moreover, consider the expected use of natural products when developing potential therapies and vaccines.
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Hussein ME, Mohamed OG, El-Fishawy AM, El-Askary HI, El-Senousy AS, El-Beih AA, Nossier ES, Naglah AM, Almehizia AA, Tripathi A, Hamed AA. Identification of Antibacterial Metabolites from Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, Isolated from Albizia lucidior Leaves (Fabaceae), Utilizing Metabolomic and Molecular Docking Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031117. [PMID: 35164382 PMCID: PMC8839868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus has become a problem to public health despite the presence of past trials devoted to controlling the infection. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the chemical composition of the extract of endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, isolated from Albizia lucidior leaves, and investigate the antimicrobial activity of isolated metabolites and their probable mode of actions. The chemical investigation of the fungal extract via UPLC/MS/MS led to the identification of at least forty-two metabolites, as well as the isolation and complete characterization of eight reported metabolites. The antibacterial activities of isolated metabolites were assessed against S. aureus using agar disc diffusion and microplate dilution methods. Compounds ergosterol, helvolic acid and monomethyl sulochrin-4-sulphate showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.63, 1.95 and 3.90 µg/mL, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin. We also report the inhibitory activity of the fungal extract on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which led us to perform molecular docking using the three most active compounds isolated from the extract against both enzymes. These active compounds had the required structural features for S. aureus DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition, evidenced via molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai E. Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (O.G.M.); (A.M.E.-F.); (H.I.E.-A.); (A.S.E.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (O.G.M.); (A.M.E.-F.); (H.I.E.-A.); (A.S.E.-S.)
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ahlam M. El-Fishawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (O.G.M.); (A.M.E.-F.); (H.I.E.-A.); (A.S.E.-S.)
| | - Hesham I. El-Askary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (O.G.M.); (A.M.E.-F.); (H.I.E.-A.); (A.S.E.-S.)
| | - Amira S. El-Senousy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt; (O.G.M.); (A.M.E.-F.); (H.I.E.-A.); (A.S.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed A. El-Beih
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.N.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.N.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Integrated Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Approach to Investigate the Therapeutic Effects of Capsaicin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9272896. [PMID: 35140545 PMCID: PMC8818435 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9272896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated method combining network pharmacology and in vivo experiment was performed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of capsaicin (Cap) against acute lung injury. The potential key genes and signaling pathways involved in the therapeutic effect of Cap were predicted by the network pharmacology analyses. Additionally, the histological assessment, ELISA, and RT-qPCR were performed to confirm the therapeutic effect and the potential mechanism action involved. Our findings showed that TNF, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 were part of the top 50 genes. Enrichment analysis revealed that those potential genes were enriched in the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. In vivo experiment results showed that Cap alleviated histopathological changes, decreased inflammatory infiltrated cells and inflammatory cytokines, and improved antioxidative enzyme activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, Cap treatment effectively downregulated TNF, IL-6, NF-κB, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 in lung tissue. Thus, our findings demonstrated that Cap has the therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats via suppression of the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Zhao Y, Cui L, Yang XX, Sun X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhu L, Peng C, Li D, Cai J, Ma Y. Sinoacutine inhibits inflammatory responses to attenuates acute lung injury by regulating NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:284. [PMID: 34801005 PMCID: PMC8605577 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stephania yunnanensis H. S. Lo is widely used as an antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory herbal medicine in SouthWest China. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of sinoacutine (sino), one of the primary components extracted from this plant. Methods A RAW264.7 cell model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced for estimation of cytokines in vitro, qPCR was used to estimate gene expression, western blot analysis was used to estimate protein level and investigate the regulation of NF- κB, JNK and MAPK signal pathway. In addition, an acute lung injury model was established to determine lung index and levels of influencing factors. Results Using the RAW264.7 model, we found that sino reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but increased levels of IL-6. qPCR analysis revealed that sino (50, 25 μg/ml) inhibited gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). western blot analysis showed that sino significantly inhibited protein levels of both iNOS and COX-2. Further signalling pathway analysis validated that sino also inhibited phosphorylation of p65 in the NF-κB and c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathways but promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 in the MAPK signalling pathway. In addition, in a mouse model induced by LPS, we determined that sino reduced the lung index and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), NO, IL-6 and TNF-α in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in acute lung injury (ALI). Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that sino is a promising drug to alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory reactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03458-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancui Zhao
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology in University of Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lili Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xing Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xingqian Sun
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunkuan Liu
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology in University of Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chaorui Peng
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Danye Li
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junfei Cai
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunshu Ma
- School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine, School of Chinese Material Medicine Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Huanglianjiedu Decoction as an effective treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:553. [PMID: 34674717 PMCID: PMC8529748 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial region with high fatality. Huanglianjiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, which consists of Coptis chinensis Franch, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Phellodendron amurense Rupr and Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis. Some clinical studies showed HLJDD had good effectiveness on OSCC, but the mechanism is unclear. Methods In this study, potential components of HLJDD and putative targets were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Combining with potential targets of OSCC searched from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), we drew protein–protein interaction (PPI) network by Cytoscape v3.2.0 software. After topological analysis we got core targets and further did Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Then we did the in vitro experiments to verify the major biological processes (cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation) and signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), protein kinase B (AKT)) on OSCC cell lines, SCC-25 and CAL-27. Results The potential component targets number of Coptis chinensis Franch, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Phellodendron amurense Rupr and Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis were 39, 93, 81and 88, respectively. Then we got 52 core targets which enriched in cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, MAPK activation etc. and obtained TOP30 pathways. On SCC-25 and CAL-27, HLJDD suppressed cell proliferation, induced late apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion and migration which were consistent with the results from network pharmacology analysis. Additionally, in cell cycle, we confirmed HLJDD inhibited G1 phase and arrested in S phase to reduce cell proliferation on SCC-25. In signaling pathways, HLJDD inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular regulatory protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and NF-κB p65 (S468) on SCC-25 and CAL-27. Conclusions HLJDD played a potential therapeutic role on OSCC via inhibiting p-ERK1/2 and p-NF-κB p65 (S468). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02201-6.
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Wu Y, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Yang X, Fu C, Zhang J, Hu Y. Mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Pill to ameliorate irinotecan-induced diarrhea investigated by the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114200. [PMID: 33989737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine suggests the use of natural extracts and compounds is a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity and resulting diarrhea. Previous work from our lab indicated the protective effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction; given this, we further speculated that Gegen Qinlian Pill (GQP) would exhibit similar therapeutic effects. The effective material basis as well as potential mechanisms underlying the effect of GQP for the treatment of CPT-11-induced diarrhea have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The application of natural extracts or compounds derived from Chinese medicine is deemed to a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigated the beneficial effects of GQP on CPT-11-induced gut toxicity and further explored its anti-diarrheal mechanism. METHODS First, the beneficial effect of GQP in alleviating diarrhea in mice following CPT-11 administration was investigated. We also obtained the effective ingredients in GQP from murine serum samples using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Based on these active components, we next established an interaction network linking "compound-target-pathway". Finally, a predicted mechanism of action was obtained using in vivo GQP validation based on Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. RESULTS A total of 19, GQP-derived chemical compounds were identified in murine serum samples. An interaction network linking "compound-target-pathway" was then established to illuminate the interaction between the components present in serum and their targets that mitigated diarrhea. These results indicated GQP exerted a curative effect on diarrhea and diarrhea-related diseases through different targets, which cumulatively regulated inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation processes. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study provides a feasible strategy to elucidate the effective constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formulations. More specifically, this work detailed the basic pharmacological effects and underlying mechanism behind GQP's effects in the treatment of CPT-11-induced gut toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yichen Hu
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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11
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Amaral-Machado L, Oliveira WN, Rodrigues VM, Albuquerque NA, Alencar ÉN, Egito EST. Could natural products modulate early inflammatory responses, preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19-confirmed patients? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111143. [PMID: 33360048 PMCID: PMC7832252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is a severe respiratory syndrome that was recently associated as the main death cause in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Hence, in order to prevent ARDS, the pulmonary function maintenance has been the target of several pharmacological approaches. However, there is a lack of reports regarding the use of effective pharmaceutical active natural products (PANPs) for early treatment and prevention of COVID-19-related ARDS. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review regarding the PANPs that could be further studied as alternatives to prevent ARDS. Consequently, this work can pave the way to spread the use of PANPs on the prevention of ARDS in COVID-19-confirmed or -suspected patients. METHODS The search strategy included scientific studies published in English from 2015 to 2020 that promoted the elucidation of anti-inflammatory pathways targeting ARDS by in vitro and/or in vivo experiments using PANPs. Then, 74 studies regarding PANPs, able to maintain or improve the pulmonary function, were reported. CONCLUSIONS The PANPs may present different pulmonary anti-inflammatory pathways, wherein (i) reduction/attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (ii) increase of the anti-inflammatory mediators' levels, (iii) pulmonary edema inhibition and (iv) attenuation of lung injury were the most observed biological effects of such products in in vitro experiments or in clinical studies. Finally, this work highlighted the PANPs with promising potential to be used on respiratory syndromes, allowing their possible use as alternative treatment at the prevention of ARDS in COVID-19-infected or -suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Amaral-Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Dispersed Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Éverton N Alencar
- Department of Pharmacy, Dispersed Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eryvaldo S T Egito
- Department of Pharmacy, Dispersed Systems Laboratory (LaSiD), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, UFRN, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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12
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Wu H, Chen Y, Huang B, Yu Y, Zhao S, Liu J, Jia Z, Xiao H. Aster tataricus alleviates constipation by antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor and inhibiting Ca 2+ influx. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111005. [PMID: 33378996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus (RA), is a traditional Chinese medicine has been used for more than 2000 years with the function of antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic. Ancient books and modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that RA may have the function of moistening intestines and relieving constipation, but there was a lack of systematic evidence. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of ethanol extract of Aster tataricus (ATE) in treating constipation from in vivo to in vitro. METHODS In vivo, the ATE was studied in loperamide-induced constipation of mice. In vitro, different concentrations of ATE was tested separately or cumulatively on spontaneous and agonists-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips. RESULTS In vivo, at doses of 0.16, 0.8 g/mL, ATE showed significantly promotion of the small intestinal charcoal transit, decrease of the amount of remnant fecal, and increase of the content of fecal water in colon. In addition, ATE could effectively relieve colonic pathological damage caused by loperamide as well. In vitro, with the cumulative concentration increase of ATE from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL, it could significantly decrease the contraction caused by KCl or Ach, and gradually restore to near base tension value.Meanwhile, it could also partially but significantly inhibit the contractions induced by Ach and CaCl2 on rat duodenum in a concentration related manner. CONCLUSIONS Taking all these findings together, it could be speculated that ATE may attenuate constipation mainly through antagonizing the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptor, inhibiting Ca2+ influx and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingting Yu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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13
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You Q, Li L, Li D, Yang D, Chen L, Chen HP, Liu YP. Meta-Analysis on the Chinese Herbal Formula Xiaoer-Feike Granules as a Complementary Therapy for Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Infections. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:496348. [PMID: 33192498 PMCID: PMC7642815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.496348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past five years the Chinese herbal formula (CHF) medicine, Xiaoer-Feike granules (XFG), has become a widely used adjuvant therapy for acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). Considering the rapid popularization and application of XFG, and the lack of systematic evidence evaluating its effectiveness and safety in treating ALRI, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis to determine its benefits for patients. Methods This study systematically identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of XFG treatments for ALRI through July 2019 using four English-databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Web of Science) and four Chinese-databases (Sino-med database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database, and the WANFANG database). We then performed a quality assessment and data analysis with Review Manager 5.3.5 and Stata 15.1. Results Twenty-one RCTs involving 3425 patients were randomly divided into an XFG group and a conventional medicine (CM) group. The results showed that the clinical efficacy rate (CER) of the XFG group was significantly higher than that of the CM group (RR=1.17, 95% CI =1.13-1.22, P< 0.00001). In comparison with the CM group, the XFG group had strikingly shortened: resolution time of cough (RTC) (MD = -1.92; 95% CI =-2.33, -1.51, P<0.00001); resolution time of rale (RTR) (MD = -1.68; 95% CI =-2.27, -1.10, P<0.00001); resolution time of fever (RTF) (MD = -1.46; 95% CI =-1.92, -1.00, P<0.00001); resolution time of inflammatory lesions (RTIL) (MD = -2.43, 95% CI =-2.94, -1.93, P< 0.00001); and hospital stays (HS) (MD = -2.26, 95% CI =-3.03, -1.49, P< 0.00001). At the cellular and molecular level, the CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels were significantly improved when CM was complemented with XFG. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the XFG and CM groups in terms of the adverse events (AE) (RR =0.97, 95% CI= 0.61-1.54, P= 0.89). Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis support the use of XFG in the treatment of ALRI. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the significant heterogeneity and publication bias of existing data. Further well-designed and high-quality RCTs are needed to interrogate the efficacy and safety of XFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang You
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Ping Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Huang Q, Liu R, Liu J, Huang Q, Liu S, Jiang Y. Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation to Reveal the Mechanism of Anti-Insulin Resistance Effects of Moringa oleifera Seeds. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4069-4084. [PMID: 33116398 PMCID: PMC7539042 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s265198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the factors that results in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and different aspects of cardiovascular diseases. Moringa oleifera seeds (MOS), traditionally used as an antidiabetic food and traditional medicine in tropical Asia and Africa, have exhibited potential effects in improving IR. To systematically explore the pharmacological mechanism of the anti-IR effects of MOS, we adopted a network pharmacology approach at the molecular level. Methods By incorporating compound screening and target prediction, a feasible compound-target-pathway network pharmacology model was established to systematically predict the potential active components and mechanisms of the anti-IR effects of MOS. Biological methods were then used to verify the results of the network pharmacology analysis. Results Our comprehensive systematic approach successfully identified 32 bioactive compounds in MOS and 44 potential targets of these compounds related to IR, as well as 37 potential pathways related to IR. Moreover, the network pharmacology analysis revealed that glycosidic isothiocyanates and glycosidic benzylamines were the major active components that improved IR by acting on key targets, such as SRC, PTPN1, and CASP3, which were involved in inflammatory responses and insulin-related pathways. Further biological research demonstrated that the anti-IR effects of MOS were mediated by increasing glucose uptake and modulating the expression of SRC and PTPN1. Conclusion Our study successfully predicts the active ingredients and potential targets of MOS for improving IR and helps to illustrate mechanism of action at a systemic level. This study not only provides new insights into the chemical basis and pharmacology of MOS but also demonstrates a feasible method for discovering potential drugs from traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen Y, Wu H, Li Y, Liu J, Jia Z, Xu W, Xiao H, Wang W. Aster tataricus attenuates asthma efficiently by simultaneously inhibiting tracheal ring contraction and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110616. [PMID: 32784051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an airway chronic inflammatory disease with significant morbidity, mortality and huge social economic burden. Previous research demonstrated that the root of Aster tataricus (RA) may have the potential to treat asthma, but the efficacy and mechanism were not clear. In this study, preliminary results in vitro showed that Fr-75 eluted from RA extract could not only completely inhibit the tracheal ring contraction raised by KCl in 20 min, but also effectively affect the tracheal ring contraction induced by KCl-, Ach- and His in a concentration-dependent manner (3.91-250 μg/mL). Further results on cells exhibited that Fr-75 could decrease the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ as well. These results revealed the underlying mechanism in vitro that the inhibition of tracheal ring contraction might be due to the decline of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which caused by suppressing calcium channel, antagonizing the muscarinic and histamine receptors. Also, results in vivo exhibited that Fr-75 could distinctly ease the symptoms of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, including relieving the pathological injury, increasing the latency to preconvulsive dyspnea and to enhanced pause, reducing the inflammatory cells, chemokines and cytokines in BALF and lung tissue. In general, it could be speculated that RA fraction may attenuate asthma through dilating the tracheal ring contraction and alleviating the lung inflammation simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Syndrome Prescription Basic Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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16
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Chen K, Ma Z, Yan X, Liu J, Xu W, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Xiao H. Investigation of the Lipid-Lowering Mechanisms and Active Ingredients of Danhe Granule on Hyperlipidemia Based on Systems Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:528. [PMID: 32435189 PMCID: PMC7218108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigate the active ingredients and underlying hypolipidemic mechanisms of Danhe granule (DHG). Methods The lipid-lowering effect of DHG was evaluated in hyperlipidemic hamsters induced by a high-fat diet. The ingredients absorbed into the blood after oral administration of DHG in hamsters were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). A systems pharmacology approach incorporating target prediction and network construction, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analysis was performed to predict the active compounds and map the compounds-targets-disease network. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were utilized to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of predicted targets. Results DHG remarkably lowered the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and arteriosclerosis index (AI), at the same time, elevated the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and HDL-c/TC ratio in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Sixteen ingredients absorbed into blood after oral administration of DHG were identified as the possible components interacted with targets. Moreover, 65 potential targets were predicted after targets intersection and compounds–targets–disease network mapping. Then, compounds–targets–pathways network mapping revealed that six active compounds (emodin, naringenin, etc.) compounds could interact with 10 targets such as sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1c, SREBP-2 and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) α, regulate three lipid metabolism-related pathways including SREBP control of lipid synthesis pathway, PPAR signaling pathway and nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity pathway, and further affect lipid metabolic processes including fatty acid biosynthesis, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-mediated cholesterol uptake, bile acid biosynthesis, and cholesterol efflux. Experimental results indicated that DHG significantly increased SREBP-2, LDLR, PPARα, liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein expressions while decreased SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA, and protein expressions. Conclusion DHG possessed a good hypolipidemic effect that may be through affecting the mRNA and protein expressions of SREBP-1c, FAS, SREBP-2, LDLR, PPARα, LXRα, CYP7A1, and ABCA1, involving in fatty acid synthesis, LDLR-mediated cholesterol uptake, bile acid biosynthesis, and cholesterol efflux. This study further provided experimental evidence about its practical application for treating hyperlipidemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaochen Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Yan
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Li
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhuan Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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17
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Eng YS, Lee CH, Lee WC, Huang CC, Chang JS. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples. Molecules 2019; 24:E3505. [PMID: 31569633 PMCID: PMC6804036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used worldwide. Herbs and TCM formulas contain numerous active molecules. Basically, they are a kind of cocktail therapy. Herb-drug, herb-food, herb-herb, herb-microbiome, and herb-disease interactions are complex. There is potential for both benefit and harm, so only after understanding more of their mechanisms and clinical effects can herbal medicine and TCM be helpful to users. Many pharmacologic studies have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms; however, basic and clinical studies of good validity are still not enough to translate experimental results into clinical understanding and to provide tough evidence for better use of herbal medicines. There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Understanding study validation, pharmacologic effects, drug interactions, indications and clinical effects, adverse effects and limitations, can all help clinicians in providing adequate suggestions to patients. At present, it would be better to use herbs and TCM formulas according to their traditional indications matching the disease pathophysiology and their molecular mechanisms. To unravel the molecular mechanisms and understand the benefits and harms of herbal medicine and TCM, there is still much work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shin Eng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 0708, Taiwan.
| | - Ching Chun Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jung San Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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