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Yu H, Chen Z, Liu Y, Shen Y, Gui L, Qiu J, Xu X, Li J. Deep sequencing identified miR-193b-3p as a positive regulator of autophagy targeting Akt3 in Ctenopharyngodon idella CIK cells during GCRV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109586. [PMID: 38670410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted complex and close interaction between miRNAs, autophagy, and viral infection. In this study, we observed the autophagy status in CIK cells infected with GCRV at various time points. We found that GCRV consistently induced cellar autophagy from 0 h to 12 h post infection. Subsequently, we performed deep sequencing on CIK cells infected with GCRV at 0 h and 12 h respectively, identifying 38 DEMs and predicting 9581 target genes. With the functional enrichment analyses of GO and KEGG, we identified 35 autophagy-related target genes of these DEMs, among which akt3 was pinpointed as the most central hub gene using module assay of the PPI network. Then employing the miRanda and Targetscan programs for prediction, and verification through a double fluorescent enzyme system and qPCR method, we confirmed that miR-193 b-3p could target the 3'-UTR of grass carp akt3, reducing its gene expression. Ultimately, we illustrated that grass carp miR-193 b-3p could promote autophagy in CIK cells. Above results collectively indicated that miRNAs might play a critical role in autophagy of grass carp during GCRV infection and contributed significantly to antiviral immunity by targeting autophagy-related genes. This study may provide new insights into the intricate mechanisms involved in virus, autophagy, and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Wu X, Chen S, Ji Q, Chen H, Chen X. Characteristics and significance of programmed cell death-related gene expression signature in skin cutaneous melanoma. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13739. [PMID: 38766879 PMCID: PMC11103559 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Understanding their prognostic significance and clinical implications is imperative for the development of personalized treatment strategies. METHODS A total of 1466 PCD-related genes were analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-SKCM cohort (n = 353). Prognostic cell death index (CDI) was established and validated through survival analysis and predictive modeling. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), consensus clustering, and tumor microenvironment assessment and drug sensitivity analysis were performed to elucidate the biological and clinical relevance of CDI. RESULTS CDI effectively stratified SKCM patients into high and low-risk groups, demonstrating significant differences in survival outcomes. It exhibited predictive value for survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. The concordance index (C-index) was 0.794 in the training set, and 0.792 and 0.821 in the internal and external validation sets, respectively. The corresponding area under curve (AUC) was all above 0.75 in these data sets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant associations with immune response and inflammatory processes. PPI analysis identified key molecular modules associated with apoptosis and chemokine signaling. Consensus clustering unveiled three discernible subtypes demonstrating notable disparities in survival outcomes based on CDI expression profiles. Assessment of the tumor microenvironment highlighted correlations with immune cell infiltration such as M1 macrophages and T cells. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated tight correlations between CDI levels and response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis establishes the prognostic significance of PCD-related genes in SKCM. CDI emerges as a promising prognostic biomarker, offering insights into tumor biology and potential implications for personalized treatment strategies. Further validation and clinical integration of CDI are warranted to improve SKCM management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wu
- Department of DermatologyThe 95th Hospital of PutianPutianFujianChina
| | - Suhong Chen
- Department of DermatologyPutian First Hospital of Fujian ProvincePutianFujianChina
| | - Qingfa Ji
- Department of DermatologyPutian City Dermatology Prevention and Treatment HospitalPutianFujianChina
| | - Han Chen
- Laboratory Pathology DepartmentJoint Logistics Support Force 900th Hospital Cangshan CampusFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiuxia Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 95th Hospital of PutianPutianFujianChina
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Sun Z, Liu L, Liang H, Zhang L. Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:577-588. [PMID: 38197493 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Herein, we investigated the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in HCC progression. HCC cells were treated with NMN (125, 250, and 500 μM), and then nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and NADH levels in HCC cells were measured to calculate NAD+ /NADH ratio. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis were determined. AMPK was knocked down to confirm the involvement of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, tumor-inhibitory effect of NMN was investigated in xenograft models. Exposure to NMN dose-dependently increased NAD+ level and NAD+ /NADH ratio in HCC cells. After NMN treatment, cell proliferation was inhibited, whereas apoptosis was enhanced in both cell lines. Additionally, NMN dose-dependently enhanced autophagy/ferroptosis and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. AMPK knockdown partially rescued the effects of NMN in vitro. Furthermore, NMN treatment restrained tumor growth in nude mice, activated autophagy/ferroptosis, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissues. The results indicate that NMN inhibits HCC progression by inducing autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling. NMN may serve as a promising agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang H, Gao L, Zhao C, Fang F, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8. [PMID: 38498274 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, are common chronic diseases characterized by structural damage and functional decline of the kidneys. The current treatment of CKD is symptom relief. Several studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is a pathway closely related to the pathological process of CKD. It can ameliorate kidney damage by inhibiting this signal pathway which is involved with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and autophagy. This review highlights the role of activating or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CKD-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT. We also summarize the latest evidence on treating CKD by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway, discuss the shortcomings and deficiencies of PI3K/Akt research in the field of CKD, and identify potential challenges in developing these clinical therapeutic CKD strategies, and provide appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Feng Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Ma Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang Q, Mi F, Wang Y, Zhong D, Yin J. Cafestol inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in xenograft mice by activating LKB1/AMPK/ULK1-dependent autophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109623. [PMID: 38492819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy failure in colorectal cancer patients is the major cause of recurrence and poor prognosis. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that have a good chemotherapy effect while also being extremely safe. In this study, we found cafestol inhibited colon cancer growth and HCT116 proliferation in vivo and in vitro, and improved the composition of intestinal flora. Further metabolomic data showed that autophagy and AMPK pathways were involved in the process of cafestol's anti-colon cancer effects. The functional validation studies revealed that cafestol increased autophagy vesicles and LC3B-II levels. The autophagic flux induced by cafestol was prevented by using BafA1. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA blocked the cafestol-induced increase in LC3B-II and cell proliferation inhibition. Then we found that cafestol induced the increased expressions of LKB1, AMPK, ULK1, p-LKB1, p-AMPK, and p-ULK1 proteins in vivo and in vitro. Using the siRNA targeted to the Lkb1 gene, the levels of AMPK, ULK1, and LC3B-II were suppressed under cafestol treatment. These results indicated that the effect of cafestol is through regulating LKB1/AMPK/ULK1 pathway-mediated autophagic death. Finally, a correlation matrix of the microbiome and autophagy-related proteins was conducted. We found that cafestol-induced autophagic protein expression was positively correlated with the beneficial intestinal bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Prevotellacece, and Alloprevotella) and negatively correlated with the hazardous bacteria. Conclusions: This study found that cafestol inhibited colon cancer in vitro and in vivo by the mechanism that may be related to LKB1/AMPK/ULK1 pathway-mediated autophagic cell death and improved intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health & Disease Prevention and Control of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - JiZhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Department of prevention and health care, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Department of Nutrition, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Songmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Mi
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dubo Zhong
- Yunnan Yunce Quality Testing Co., Ltd, Kunming, China.
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Yeşilaltay A, Muz D, Erdal B. Oncolytic Myxoma virus Increases Autophagy in Multiple Myeloma. Turk J Haematol 2024; 41:16-25. [PMID: 38258554 PMCID: PMC10918390 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2024.2023.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple myeloma, which affects plasma cells, is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite the development of new drugs and treatment protocols, patient survival has not reached the desired level. In this study, we investigated the effects of Myxoma virus (MYXV), an oncolytic virus, on autophagy in myeloma cells. Materials and Methods We analyzed protein expressions of ATG-5, p62, Beclin-1, LC3B, and the apoptosis marker Bcl-2 as autophagy markers in human U-266 and mouse MOPC-315 myeloma cell lines subjected to different doses of MYXV. In addition, autophagic images of myeloma cells were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results In the first 24 h, which is the early stage of autophagy, ATG-5 and Beclin-1 expression levels were increased in the U-266 and MOPC-315 cell lines in the groups that had received MYXV at a multiplicity of infection of 15. At 48 h, a significant increase was detected in the expression of LC3B, which is a late indicator. Autophagosomes were observed in myeloma cells by TEM. Conclusion MYXV shows an antimyeloma effect by increasing autophagy in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpay Yeşilaltay
- Başkent University İstanbul Hospital, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Muz
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Berna Erdal
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
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Ren H, Su P, Zhao F, Zhang Q, Huang X, He C, Wu Q, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang Z. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote skin wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating epidermal autophagy. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae001. [PMID: 38434722 PMCID: PMC10905655 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have great potential in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine, particularly in cases of refractory diabetic wounds. Interestingly, autophagy plays a role in wound healing, and recent research has demonstrated that exosomes are closely associated with intracellular autophagy in biogenesis and molecular signaling mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether ADSC-Exos promote the repair of diabetic wounds by regulating autophagy to provide a new method and theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic wounds. Methods Western blot analysis and autophagy double-labelled adenovirus were used to monitor changes in autophagy flow in human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells. ADSC-Exos were generated from ADSC supernatants via ultracentrifugation. The effectiveness of ADSC-Exos on HaCaT cells was assessed using a live-cell imaging system, cell counting kit-8 and cell scratch assays. The cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 to evaluate the effects of autophagy on cell function. The recovery of diabetic wounds after ADSC-Exo treatment was determined by calculating the healing rates and performing histological analysis. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze changes in mRNA expression after the treatment of HaCaT cells with ADSC-Exos. Results ADSC-Exos activated autophagy in HaCaT cells, which was inhibited by high glucose levels, and potentiated their cellular functions. Moreover, ADSC-Exos in combination with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 showed that autophagy defects further impaired the biological function of epidermal cells under high-glucose conditions and partially weakened the healing effect of ADSC-Exos. Using a diabetes wound model, we found that ADSC-Exos promoted skin wound healing in diabetic mice, as evidenced by increased epidermal autophagy and rapid re-epithelialization. Finally, sequencing results showed that increased expression of autophagy-related genes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), CD46, vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), VAMP3 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (EIF2S1) may contribute to the underlying mechanism of ADSC-Exo action. Conclusions This study elucidated the molecular mechanism through which ADCS-Exos regulate autophagy in skin epithelial cells, thereby providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment and repair of skin epithelial damage by ADSC-Exos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Peng Su
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Shenyang Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cai He
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Quan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiajie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Tan Y, Zhu J, Hashimoto K. Autophagy-related gene model as a novel risk factor for schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38351068 PMCID: PMC10864401 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a cellular process where cells degrade and recycle their own components, has garnered attention for its potential role in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aimed to construct and validate a new autophagy-related gene (ARG) risk model for SCZ. First, we analyzed differential expressions in the GSE38484 training set, identifying 4,754 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SCZ and control groups. Using the Human Autophagy Database (HADb) database, we cataloged 232 ARGs and pinpointed 80 autophagy-related DEGs (AR-DEGs) after intersecting them with DEGs. Subsequent analyses, including metascape gene annotation, pathway and process enrichment, and protein-protein interaction enrichment, were performed on the 80 AR-DEGs to delve deeper into their biological roles and associated molecular pathways. From this, we identified 34 candidate risk AR-DEGs (RAR-DEGs) and honed this list to final RAR-DEGs via a constructed and optimized logistic regression model. These genes include VAMP7, PTEN, WIPI2, PARP1, DNAJB9, SH3GLB1, ATF4, EIF4G1, EGFR, CDKN1A, CFLAR, FAS, BCL2L1 and BNIP3. Using these findings, we crafted a nomogram to predict SCZ risk for individual samples. In summary, our study offers deeper insights into SCZ's molecular pathogenesis and paves the way for innovative approaches in risk prediction, gene-targeted diagnosis, and community-based SCZ treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Tan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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Pan W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Song Y, Han L, Tan M, Yin Y, Yang T, Jiang T, Li H. Comprehensive view of macrophage autophagy and its application in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13525. [PMID: 37434325 PMCID: PMC10771119 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary drivers of the growing public health epidemic and the leading cause of premature mortality and economic burden worldwide. With decades of research, CVDs have been proven to be associated with the dysregulation of the inflammatory response, with macrophages playing imperative roles in influencing the prognosis of CVDs. Autophagy is a conserved pathway that maintains cellular functions. Emerging evidence has revealed an intrinsic connection between autophagy and macrophage functions. This review focuses on the role and underlying mechanisms of autophagy-mediated regulation of macrophage plasticity in polarization, inflammasome activation, cytokine secretion, metabolism, phagocytosis, and the number of macrophages. In addition, autophagy has been shown to connect macrophages and heart cells. It is attributed to specific substrate degradation or signalling pathway activation by autophagy-related proteins. Referring to the latest reports, applications targeting macrophage autophagy have been discussed in CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and myocarditis. This review describes a novel approach for future CVD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Pan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lianhua Han
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Tianke Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Yin Y, Xie Y, Wu Z, Qian Q, Yang H, Li S, Li X. Preventive Effects of Apple Polyphenol Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Are Related to the Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Autophagy, and Gut Microbiota in Aged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20011-20033. [PMID: 38055797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study confirmed that the ameliorated effects of an intervention with an apple polyphenol extract (APE) on hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) are dependent on SIRT1. Since SIRT1 expression decreases with age, it remains unclear whether APE intervention is effective against hepatic steatosis in aged mice. Thus, 12-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with an HFD to establish an aging model of hepatic steatosis and treated with 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE for 12 weeks. Young mice (two months old) and baseline mice were used as controls to examine the effects of natural aging on hepatic steatosis. Compared with baseline mice, no obvious difference in hepatic histopathological assessment was observed for both young and aged mice on normal diets. Meanwhile, HFD induced much higher nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores in aged mice than in young mice. APE intervention ameliorated lipid and glucose metabolic disorders and liver injury in HFD-fed aged mice, improved hepatic steatosis, and reduced NAFLD activity scores. The upregulated expressions of SIRT1, HSL, ATG5, Ulk1, and Becn1 and downregulated expressions of HMGCR and FOXO1 suggested improved lipid metabolism and activated autophagy. APE intervention decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and elevated the Akkermansia probiotics abundance. In summary, HFD showed a more significant effect on hepatic steatosis compared to the natural aging process in aged mice, and APE might be a promising dietary ingredient for alleviating hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Xie
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingfan Qian
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shilan Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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11
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Chen T, Bao S, Chen J, Zhang J, Wei H, Hu X, Liang Y, Li J, Yan S. Xiaojianzhong decoction attenuates aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 and AMPK/ULK1 pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1234-1248. [PMID: 37602379 PMCID: PMC10443964 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2243998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xiaojianzhong decoction (XJZD), classically prescribed in Chinese medicine, has protective and healing effects on gastric mucosal injury. However, the exact mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of XJZD on gastric mucosal injury and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomized into six groups (n = 10): the control group receiving sterile water, the model (aspirin 300 mg/kg), the XJZD high-dose (12 g/kg), XJZD medium-dose (6 g/kg), XJZD low-dose (3 g/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) groups, by gavage daily for 14 days. The area of gastric mucosal injury, mucosal injury index and degree of histopathological damage were analysed. Gastric mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis was detected. Epithelial cell autophagy was observed. The expression levels of tight junction proteins and proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy and the pentose phosphate pathway were analysed. RESULTS The results showed that after treatment with XJZD (12, 6 and 3 g/kg), the mucosal injury area was reduced (83.4%, 22.6% and 11.3%), the expression level of ZO-1 and occludin was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of epithelial cells was reduced (40.8%, 25.4% and 8.7%), the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1 was decreased and the expression of p62 was increased, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1(ser757) signalling pathway was activated, and the AMPK/ULK1(ser317) signalling pathway was inhibited. In addition, XJZD can antagonize the imbalance of redox homeostasis caused by aspirin and protect the gastric mucosa. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS XJZD protects against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury, implying it to be a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Shengchuan Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hailiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Fu tea, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Fu tea, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Shuguang Yan
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
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12
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Ali N, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Liver Iron Loading in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1427-1439. [PMID: 36306827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common chronic liver disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Alcoholic liver steatosis/steatohepatitis can progress to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, which can cause predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma. ALD diagnosis and management are confounded by several challenges. Iron loading is a feature of ALD which can exacerbate alcohol-induced liver injury and promote ALD pathologic progression. Knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate liver iron loading can help identify cellular/molecular targets and thereby aid in designing adjunct diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches for ALD. Herein, the cellular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver iron loading are reviewed and how excess iron in patients with ALD can promote liver fibrosis and aggravate disease pathology is discussed. Alcohol-induced increase in hepatic transferrin receptor-1 expression and up-regulation of high iron protein in Kupffer cells (proposed) facilitate iron deposition and retention in the liver. Iron is loaded in both parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. Iron-loaded liver can promote ferroptosis and thereby contribute to ALD pathology. Iron and alcohol can independently elevate oxidative stress. Therefore, a combination of excess iron and alcohol amplifies oxidative stress and accelerates liver injury. Excess iron-stimulated hepatocytes directly or indirectly (through Kupffer cell activation) activate the hepatic stellate cells via secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors. Persistently activated hepatic stellate cells promote liver fibrosis, and thereby facilitate ALD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Ali
- GKT School of Medical Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- GKT School of Medical Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Duan Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Sun J, Ali W, Ma Y, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. Interactive mechanism between connexin43 and Cd-induced autophagic flux blockage and gap junctional intercellular communication dysfunction in rat hepatocytes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21052. [PMID: 37876489 PMCID: PMC10590978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a significant environmental contaminant known for its potential hepatotoxic effects. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Cd-induced hepatotoxicity have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic role of connexin 43 (Cx43) in response to Cd exposure, particularly its impact on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and autophagy in hepatocytes. To establish an in vitro model of Cd-induced hepatocyte injury, the Buffalo rat liver 3A cell line (BRL3A) was utilized.In order to elucidate the mechanism by which Cx43 influences Cd-induced hepatocyte toxic injury, inhibitors of Cx43 (Dynasore) and P-Cx43 (Ro318220) were employed in the model. The findings revealed that inhibiting Cx43 and its phosphorylation further compromised GJIC function, exacerbating the impairment, while also intensifying the blockage of autophagic flux. To gain further insight into the role of Cx43, siRNA was utilized to knock down Cx43 expression, yielding similar results. The down-regulation of Cx43 expression was found to worsen the morphological damage induced by cadmium exposure, diminish the cell proliferation capacity of BRL3A cells, and exacerbate the disruption of GJIC and autophagic flow caused by Cd.These findings suggest that Cx43 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver damage resulting from Cd exposure. By targeting Cx43, it may be possible to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd on hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co−Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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15
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Yu L, Zhang Y, Xue L, Liu F, Jing R, Luo J. EnsembleDL-ATG: Identifying autophagy proteins by integrating their sequence and evolutionary information using an ensemble deep learning framework. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4836-4848. [PMID: 37854634 PMCID: PMC10579870 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a primary mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The synergistic actions of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins strictly regulate the whole autophagic process. Therefore, accurate identification of ATGs is a first and critical step to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of autophagy. Current computational methods can predict ATGs from primary protein sequences, but owing to the limitations of algorithms, significant room for improvement still exists. In this research, we propose EnsembleDL-ATG, an ensemble deep learning framework that aggregates multiple deep learning models to predict ATGs from protein sequence and evolutionary information. We first evaluated the performance of individual networks for various feature descriptors to identify the most promising models. Then, we explored all possible combinations of independent models to select the most effective ensemble architecture. The final framework was built and maintained by an organization of four different deep learning models. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieves a prediction accuracy of 94.5 % and MCC of 0.890, which are nearly 4 % and 0.08 higher than ATGPred-FL, respectively. Overall, EnsembleDL-ATG is the first ATG machine learning predictor based on ensemble deep learning. The benchmark data and code utilized in this study can be accessed for free at https://github.com/jingry/autoBioSeqpy/tree/2.0/examples/EnsembleDL-ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezheng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xue
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengjuan Liu
- School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Runyu Jing
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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16
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Abd Elmaaboud MA, Estfanous RS, Atef A, Kabel AM, Alnemari KA, Naguib TM, Alsufyani SE, Darwish HW, Arab HH. Dapagliflozin/Hesperidin Combination Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1370. [PMID: 37895841 PMCID: PMC10609711 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Its pathologic features include massive neuroinflammation with abnormal deposition of β-amyloid peptide in the cerebral tissues leading to degeneration of the brain neurons. Adverse effects associated with the traditional drugs used for the treatment of this pathological condition have directed the research efforts towards searching for alternative effective agents with minimal adverse effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential ameliorative effects of dapagliflozin and/or hesperidin on Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in rats. In a rodent model of AD, the effect of dapagliflozin with or without hesperidin on the biochemical parameters and the behavioral tests as well as the histopathological parameters was determined. Each of dapagliflozin and hesperidin restored the behavioral tests to the reference values, augmented the antioxidant defense mechanisms, ameliorated the neuronal inflammatory responses, combatted the changes in Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein signaling and receptors of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels, and restored the balance between the apoptotic signals and autophagy in the hippocampal tissues. Additionally, both agents exhibited an outstanding ability to combat LPS-induced perturbations in the histopathological and electron microscopic image of the brain tissues. These favorable effects were significantly encountered in the group treated with dapagliflozin/hesperidin combination when compared versus animals treated with either dapagliflozin or hesperidin. In conclusion, inhibition of the hippocampal HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signaling, the pro-inflammatory axis, and apoptosis alongside augmentation of the antioxidant defenses and autophagy can be regarded as beneficial effects by which dapagliflozin/hesperidin combination may combat LPS-triggered AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remon S. Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | | | - Tamer M. Naguib
- Anesthesia and ICU Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.A.); or (H.H.A.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.A.); or (H.H.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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17
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Ma B, Hu Y, Zhu J, Zheng Z, Ye J. Research on the role of cellular autophagy in the sensitivity of human tongue cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101430. [PMID: 36878357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to investigate the role of cisplatin-induced autophagy in human tongue squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells. METHODS After inhibiting the expression of autophagic proteins with different autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, chloroquine), the sensitivity of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (Tca8113) cells to killing by gradient concentrations of cisplatin and gradient doses of radiation was detected using a colony formation assay. Further, the changes of autophagy expression in Tca8113 cells that had been treated with cisplatin and radiation were detected using western immunoblot, GFP-LC3 fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The sensitivity of Tca8113 cells to cisplatin and radiation was significantly increased (P < 0.05) after reducing autophagy expression using different autophagy inhibitors. Meanwhile, the expression of autophagy in the cells was significantly increased by cisplatin and radiation treatment. CONCLUSION Tca8113 cells upregulated autophagy under the effect of either radiation or cisplatin, and the sensitivity of Tca8113 cells to cisplatin and radiation could be improved by inhibiting autophagy using multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518118, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology, Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Jiadong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology, Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Zeguang Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology, Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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18
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Wang Y, Chen YY, Gao GB, Zheng YH, Yu NN, Ouyang L, Gao X, Li N, Wen SY, Huang S, Zhao Q, Liu L, Cao M, Zhang S, Zhang J, He QY. Polyphyllin D punctures hypertrophic lysosomes to reverse drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting acid sphingomyelinase. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2169-2187. [PMID: 37211762 PMCID: PMC10362416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic lysosomes are critical for tumor progression and drug resistance; however, effective and specific lysosome-targeting compounds for cancer therapy are lacking. Here we conducted a lysosomotropic pharmacophore-based in silico screen in a natural product library (2,212 compounds), and identified polyphyllin D (PD) as a novel lysosome-targeted compound. PD treatment was found to cause lysosomal damage, as evidenced by the blockade of autophagic flux, loss of lysophagy, and the release of lysosomal contents, thus exhibiting anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell both in vitro and in vivo. Closer mechanistic examination revealed that PD suppressed the activity of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1), a lysosomal phosphodieserase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to produce ceramide and phosphocholine, by directly occupying its surface groove, with Trp148 in SMPD1 acting as a major binding residue; this suppression of SMPD1 activity irreversibly triggers lysosomal injury and initiates lysosome-dependent cell death. Furthermore, PD-enhanced lysosomal membrane permeabilization to release sorafenib, augmenting the anticancer effect of sorafenib both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, our study suggests that PD can potentially be further developed as a novel autophagy inhibitor, and a combination of PD with classical chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang-Han Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lan Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shangjia Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510613, China.
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Song Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang H, Liu Y, Hu Z. Histone lysine demethylase 3B regulates autophagy via transcriptional regulation of GABARAPL1 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:87. [PMID: 37326062 PMCID: PMC10552699 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a highly conserved self‑digestion process that is critical for maintaining homeostasis in response to various stresses. The autophagy‑related protein family, including the GABA type A receptor‑associated protein (GABARAP) and microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3 subfamilies, is crucial for autophagosome biogenesis. Although the regulatory machinery of autophagy in the cytoplasm has been widely studied, its transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms still require more targeted investigations. The present study identified histone lysine demethylase 3B (KDM3B) as a crucial component of autophagy on a panel of leukemia cell lines, including K562, THP1 and U937, resulting in transcriptional activation of the autophagy‑related gene GABA type A receptor‑associated protein like 1 (GABARAPL1). KDM3B expression promoted autophagosome formation and affected the autophagic flux in leukemia cells under the induction of external stimuli. Notably, RNA‑sequencing and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis showed that KDM3B knockout inhibited the expression of GABARAPL1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‑quantitative PCR and luciferase assay showed that KDM3B was associated with the GABARAPL1 gene promoter under stimulation and enhanced its transcription. The present findings demonstrated that KDM3B was critical for regulating the GABARAPL1 gene and influencing the process of autophagy in leukemia cells. These results provide a new insight for exploring the association between autophagy and KDM3B epigenetic regulation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
- Granduate School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
- Granduate School, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042
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20
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. Antioxidative Role of Heterophagy, Autophagy, and Mitophagy in the Retina and Their Association with the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Etiopathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 37507908 PMCID: PMC10376332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an oxidative stress-linked neurodegenerative disease, leads to irreversible damage of the central retina and severe visual impairment. Advanced age and the long-standing influence of oxidative stress and oxidative cellular damage play crucial roles in AMD etiopathogenesis. Many authors emphasize the role of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy in maintaining homeostasis in the retina. Relevantly modifying the activity of both macroautophagy and mitophagy pathways represents one of the new therapeutic strategies in AMD. Our review provides an overview of the antioxidative roles of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy and presents associations between dysregulations of these molecular mechanisms and AMD etiopathogenesis. The authors performed an extensive analysis of the literature, employing PubMed and Google Scholar, complying with the 2013-2023 period, and using the following keywords: age-related macular degeneration, RPE cells, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy. Heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy play antioxidative roles in the retina; however, they become sluggish and dysregulated with age and contribute to AMD development and progression. In the retina, antioxidative roles also play in RPE cells, NFE2L2 and PGC-1α proteins, NFE2L2/PGC-1α/ARE signaling cascade, Nrf2 factor, p62/SQSTM1/Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, circulating miRNAs, and Yttrium oxide nanoparticles performed experimentally in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Gorczyczewskiego 2/3, 61-553 Poznań, Poland
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21
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Phua TJ. Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1196648. [PMID: 37384143 PMCID: PMC10293850 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation pathophysiology are closely associated with human age-related carcinogenesis and chronic diseases. However, the connection between hypoxia and hormonal cell signaling pathways is unclear, but such human age-related comorbid diseases do coincide with the middle-aging period of declining sex hormonal signaling. This scoping review evaluates the relevant interdisciplinary evidence to assess the systems biology of function, regulation, and homeostasis in order to discern and decipher the etiology of the connection between hypoxia and hormonal signaling in human age-related comorbid diseases. The hypothesis charts the accumulating evidence to support the development of a hypoxic milieu and oxidative stress-inflammation pathophysiology in middle-aged individuals, as well as the induction of amyloidosis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in aging-related degeneration. Taken together, this new approach and strategy can provide the clarity of concepts and patterns to determine the causes of declining vascularity hemodynamics (blood flow) and physiological oxygenation perfusion (oxygen bioavailability) in relation to oxygen homeostasis and vascularity that cause hypoxia (hypovascularity hypoxia). The middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis could provide the mechanistic interface connecting the endocrine, nitric oxide, and oxygen homeostasis signaling that is closely linked to the progressive conditions of degenerative hypertrophy, atrophy, fibrosis, and neoplasm. An in-depth understanding of these intrinsic biological processes of the developing middle-aged hypoxia could provide potential new strategies for time-dependent therapies in maintaining healthspan for healthy lifestyle aging, medical cost savings, and health system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J. Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Pandey R, Bakay M, Hakonarson H. CLEC16A-An Emerging Master Regulator of Autoimmunity and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098224. [PMID: 37175930 PMCID: PMC10179542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CLEC16A is emerging as an important genetic risk factor for several autoimmune disorders and for Parkinson disease (PD), opening new avenues for translational research and therapeutic development. While the exact role of CLEC16A in health and disease is still being elucidated, the gene plays a critical role in the regulation of autophagy, mitophagy, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, immune function, and in biological processes such as insulin secretion and others that are important to cellular homeostasis. As shown in both human and animal modeling studies, CLEC16A hypofunction predisposes to both autoinflammatory phenotype and neurodegeneration. While the two are clearly related, further functional studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved for optimized therapeutic interventions. Based on recent data, mitophagy-inducing drugs may be warranted, and such therapy should be tested in clinical trials as these drugs would tackle the underlying pathogenic mechanism (s) and could treat or prevent symptoms of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in individuals with CLEC16A risk variants. Accordingly, interventions directed at reversing the dysregulated mitophagy and the consequences of loss of function of CLEC16A without activating other detrimental cellular pathways could present an effective therapy. This review presents the emerging role of CLEC16A in health and disease and provides an update on the disease processes that are attributed to variants located in the CLEC16A gene, which are responsible for autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration with emphasis on how this information is being translated into practical and effective applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
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Jia C, Gong C, Lu Y, Xu N. Low-energy green light alleviates senescence-like phenotypes in a cell model of photoaging. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:505-511. [PMID: 35729802 PMCID: PMC10084420 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UVB) affects diverse pathways in skin cells, resulting in skin photoaging. Skin fibroblasts internalize and degrade elastin and collagen, playing prominent roles in photoaging. Green light is used in many fields of dermatology, but few studies have examined its role in photoaging. The present work aimed to assess low-energy green light for its effects in a previously proposed cell model of photoaging and to explore the possible anti-photoaging mechanism. METHODS The stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model was constructed via repeated treatment of MDFs with UVB. Senescence-like phenotypes were compared among normal, low-energy green light pretreatment and UVB groups, for example, cell morphological properties, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) amounts, extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis and degradation, and autophagy. RESULTS In comparison with the UVB group, the green light pretreatment group showed significantly decreased number of senescent mast cells and markedly declined signal intensity and amounts of SA-β-gal-positive cells. Furthermore, green light pretreatment directly affected ECM by increasing type I and type III collagen production and decreasing MMP-1 amounts. Moreover, changes in autophagy levels induced by green light pretreatment provided a potential mechanism underlying its anti-aging property. CONCLUSIONS Low-energy green light pretreatment improves senescence-like phenotypes in vitro, indicating a possible application for anti-aging in clinic after future research has uncovered the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengchen Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhou Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Fan J, Zhang Y. Effect of Dendrobine on Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Autophagy. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2023.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To observe Dendrobine (Den) on rats with post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction and mechanism. Materials: Dividing 27 rats as Sham, Model and Den groups, rats treated with two weeks of drug had their cardiac function and structure measured by ultrasound; their myocardial
pathological changes observed by HE and Masson staining and observe apoptosis cell number by TUNEL staining; their serum activities of LDH and CK-MB detected by ELISA; myocardial autophagy protein expressions detected by WB and immunohistochemistry. Results: Model group displayed decreased
cardiac function levels, enlarged area of myocardial fibrosis, more serum activities of LDH and CK-MB, increased myocardial tissue structural damage and apoptosis cell number, downregulated LAMP2 expression, and up-regulated expressions of Beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I rate, and P62. To rat victims
of myocardial infarction, Den improved cardiac function, reduced area of myocardial fibrosis, compromised activities of serum LDH and CK-MB, and relieved damage in myocardial structure, decreased apoptosis cell number in myocardial tissue, up-regulated the expressions of Beclin1, LAMP2 and
LC3-II, and down-regulated P62 to promote the autophagy in myocardium damaged by myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Den alleviates post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction through improvement of autophagosomes formation and autophagic flux via Beclin1/LAMP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Clinical School, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
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25
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Yang YT, Jin S, Bai YB, Liu Y, Hogervorst E. Association of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction with Cognitive Impairment in Rats: The Role of Autophagy. J NIPPON MED SCH 2023; 90:372-380. [PMID: 37940558 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2023_90-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism on cognitive function in rats and the role of autophagy in this process. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomized into normal control (NC), hyperthyroidism (Hyper), hypothyroidism (Hypo), subclinical hyperthyroidism (sHyper), and subclinical hypothyroidism (sHypo) groups. Cognitive function (spatial learning and memory) was tested by the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal histopathology was analyzed by H&E staining, and expression levels of caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 neurons were measured. In addition, immunoblot analysis was performed to detect hippocampal autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS Escape latency from day 1 to day 4 was significantly longer in the Hypo, Hyper, and sHyper groups than in the NC group (P < 0.01). In addition, the number of rats crossing the virtual platform was significantly lower in the Hypo, Hyper, and sHyper groups than in the NC group (P < 0.01). Compared with the NC group, all four groups had significantly lower residence time in the target quadrant (P < 0.05). Beclin-1 and LC3-II protein expression in hippocampal tissues was significantly higher in the Hyper and sHyper groups than in the NC group (P < 0.01). Beclin-1 and LC3-II protein expression in hippocampal tissues did not significantly differ between the sHypo group and NC group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subclinical thyroid dysfunction in rats might lead to cognitive impairment. Subclinical hyperthyroidism might be associated with excessive activation of autophagy and hippocampal neuron damage and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tian Yang
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University
- Departments of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Shan Jin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University
| | - Yin-Bao Bai
- Departments of Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Yousheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Datong Third People's Hospital
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University
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26
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Al-Odat OS, Guirguis DA, Schmalbach NK, Yao G, Budak-Alpdogan T, Jonnalagadda SC, Pandey MK. Autophagy and Apoptosis: Current Challenges of Treatment and Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010644. [PMID: 36614089 PMCID: PMC9820338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the natural history of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved dramatically, owing primarily to novel agents targeting MM in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) pathways. However, the mechanisms of resistance acquisition remain a mystery and are poorly understood. Autophagy and apoptosis are tightly controlled processes and play a critical role in the cell growth, development, and survival of MM. Genetic instability and abnormalities are two hallmarks of MM. During MM progression, plasma malignant cells become genetically unstable and activate various signaling pathways, resulting in the overexpression of abnormal proteins that disrupt autophagy and apoptosis biological processes. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the autophagy and apoptosis processes and the proteins that crosslinked both pathways, could provide new insights for the MM treatment and improve the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. This review presents a sufficient overview of the roles of autophagy and apoptosis and how they crosslink and control MM progression and drug resistance. Potential combination targeting of both pathways for improving outcomes in MM patients also has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Daniel A. Guirguis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Nicole K. Schmalbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Gabriella Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | | | | | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-856-956-2751
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27
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Feng Y, Cao H, Song Z, Chen L, Wang D, Gao R. Qi Ling decoction enhances abiraterone treatment via suppression of autophagy in castration resistant prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9942-9950. [PMID: 36541904 PMCID: PMC9831723 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate has exhibited impressive results in improving progression-free survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, many patients may develop abiraterone resistance with a variable duration of response. Hence, identifying a remedy to overcome abiraterone resistance is critical for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to explore the potential of Qi Ling decoction (QLD), a traditional Chinese medicine, in attenuating abiraterone resistance in prostate cancer. Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The protein levels were assessed by Western blotting assay. Autophagosome formation was quantified by counting LC3 puncta. We found that QLD was capable of promoting abiraterone-induced apoptosis and cell death of PC3-AbiR and DU145-AbiR cells in vitro. A combination of QLD and abiraterone yielded a better tumor inhibition effect than QLD alone and abiraterone alone. Further investigation revealed that QLD restored the abiraterone sensitivity of PC3-AbiR and DU145-AbiR cells through modulating autophagy. These findings suggest that QLD might serve as a potential remedy to enhance the therapeutical effect of abiraterone for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigeng Feng
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwen Cao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixi Song
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Gao
- Surgical Department I (Urology Department), Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuhui 200032, Shanghai, China
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Arab HH, Abd El Aal HA, Alsufyani SE, El-Sheikh AAK, Arafa ESA, Ashour AM, Kabel AM, Eid AH. Topiramate Reprofiling for the Attenuation of Cadmium-Induced Testicular Impairment in Rats: Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome and AMPK/mTOR-Linked Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1402. [PMID: 36422532 PMCID: PMC9697422 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topiramate, a promising drug classically used for the management of neurological disorders including epilepsy and migraine, has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions in murine models of cardiac post-infarction inflammation, wound healing, and gastric/intestinal injury. However, its potential impact on cadmium-induced testicular injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, the present study aimed to explore the effect of topiramate against cadmium-invoked testicular impairment with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Herein, administration of topiramate (50 mg/kg/day, by gavage) continued for 60 days and the testes were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. The present data demonstrated that serum testosterone, sperm count/abnormalities, relative testicular weight, and histopathological aberrations were improved by topiramate administration to cadmium-intoxicated rats. The rescue of testicular dysfunction was driven by multi-pronged mechanisms including suppression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β cascade, which was evidenced by dampened caspase-1 activity, lowered IL-1β/IL-18 production, and decreased nuclear levels of activated NF-κBp65. Moreover, curbing testicular apoptosis was seen by lowered Bax expression, decreased caspase-3 activity, and upregulation of Bcl-2. In tandem, testicular autophagy was activated as seen by diminished p62 SQSTM1 accumulation alongside Beclin-1 upregulation. Autophagy activation was associated with AMPK/mTOR pathway stimulation demonstrated by decreased mTOR (Ser2448) phosphorylation and increased AMPK (Ser487) phosphorylation. In conclusion, combating inflammation/apoptosis and enhancing autophagic events by topiramate were engaged in ameliorating cadmium-induced testicular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat A. Abd El Aal
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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29
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Önder GÖ, Sezer G, Özdamar S, Yay A. Melatonin has an inhibitory effect on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cell lines by inducing autophagy and apoptosis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:1038-1056. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Özge Önder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Gülay Sezer
- Genome and Stem Cell Center Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Saim Özdamar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Pamukkale University Denizli Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
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30
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Taylor E, Kim Y, Zhang K, Chau L, Nguyen BC, Rayalam S, Wang X. Antiaging Mechanism of Natural Compounds: Effects on Autophagy and Oxidative Stress. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144396. [PMID: 35889266 PMCID: PMC9322024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that manifests as the progressive loss of function in cells, tissues, and organs. Because mechanisms that are meant to promote cellular longevity tend to decrease in effectiveness with age, it is no surprise that aging presents as a major risk factor for many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the intracellular antioxidant and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, is known to promote the aging process. Autophagy, a major pathway for protein turnover, is considered as one of the hallmarks of aging. Given the progressive physiologic degeneration and increased risk for disease that accompanies aging, many studies have attempted to discover new compounds that may aid in the reversal of the aging process. Here, we summarize the antiaging mechanism of natural or naturally derived synthetic compounds involving oxidative stress and autophagy. These compounds include: 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) derivatives (synthetic triterpenoids derived from naturally occurring oleanolic acid), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, the active ingredient in honey bee propolis), xanthohumol (a prenylated flavonoid identified in the hops plant), guggulsterone (a plant steroid found in the resin of the guggul plant), resveratrol (a natural phenol abundantly found in grape), and sulforaphane (a sulfur-containing compound found in cruciferous vegetables).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Taylor
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Kaleb Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lenne Chau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Bao Chieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Park C, Lee H, Jin S, Park JH, Han MH, Jeong JW, Kwon HJ, Kim BW, Park SH, Hong SH, Kim GY, Choi YH. The preventive effect of loganin on oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:291-300. [PMID: 35691912 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Loganin is a type of iridoid glycosides isolated from Corni fructus and is known to have various pharmacological properties, but studies on its antioxidant activity are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, the preventive effect of loganin on oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells was investigated. Our results show that loganin pretreatment in a non-toxic concentration range significantly improved cell survival in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated HaCaT cells, which was associated with inhibition of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis. H2O2-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were also greatly reduced in the presence of loganin. Moreover, H2O2 treatment enhanced the cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c, upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and degradation of cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, whereas loganin remarkably suppressed these changes. In addition, loganin obviously attenuated H2O2-induced autophagy while inhibiting the increased accumulation of autophagosome proteins, including as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and Beclin-1, and p62, an autophagy substrate protein, in H2O2-treated cells. In conclusion, our current results suggests that loganin could protect HaCaT keratinocytes from H2O2-induced cellular injury by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and apoptosis. This finding indicates the applicability of loganin in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases caused by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soojung Jin
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Park
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
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32
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Koutsifeli P, Varma U, Daniels LJ, Annandale M, Li X, Neale JPH, Hayes S, Weeks KL, James S, Delbridge LMD, Mellor KM. Glycogen-autophagy: Molecular machinery and cellular mechanisms of glycophagy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102093. [PMID: 35654138 PMCID: PMC9249846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process involving degradation of superfluous or defective macromolecules and organelles as a form of homeostatic recycling. Initially proposed to be a “bulk” degradation pathway, a more nuanced appreciation of selective autophagy pathways has developed in the literature in recent years. As a glycogen-selective autophagy process, “glycophagy” is emerging as a key metabolic route of transport and delivery of glycolytic fuel substrate. Study of glycophagy is at an early stage. Enhanced understanding of this major noncanonical pathway of glycogen flux will provide important opportunities for new insights into cellular energy metabolism. In addition, glycogen metabolic mishandling is centrally involved in the pathophysiology of several metabolic diseases in a wide range of tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and brain. Thus, advances in this exciting new field are of broad multidisciplinary interest relevant to many cell types and metabolic states. Here, we review the current evidence of glycophagy involvement in homeostatic cellular metabolic processes and of molecular mediators participating in glycophagy flux. We integrate information from a variety of settings including cell lines, primary cell culture systems, ex vivo tissue preparations, genetic disease models, and clinical glycogen disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Upasna Varma
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lorna J Daniels
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Annandale
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joshua P H Neale
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuel James
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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33
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The Multidirectional Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115890. [PMID: 35682572 PMCID: PMC9180047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics is the blocking of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in the context of cell adaptation and survival. Therefore, new compounds are being sought, also among drugs that are commonly used in other therapies. Due to the involvement of histamine in the regulation of processes occurring during the development of many types of cancer, antihistamines are now receiving special attention. Our study concerned the identification of new mechanisms of action of azelastine hydrochloride, used in antiallergic treatment. The study was performed on HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of azelastine (15-90 µM). Cell cycle, level of autophagy (LC3 protein activity) and apoptosis (annexin V assay), activity of caspase 3/7, anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family, ROS concentration, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and level of phosphorylated H2A.X in response to DSB were evaluated by cytometric method. Cellular changes were also demonstrated at the level of transmission electron microscopy and optical and fluorescence microscopy. Lysosomal enzyme activities-cathepsin D and L and cell viability (MTT assay) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: Azelastine in concentrations of 15-25 µM induced degradation processes, vacuolization, increase in cathepsin D and L activity, and LC3 protein activation. By increasing ROS, it also caused DNA damage and blocked cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. At the concentrations of 45-90 µM, azelastine clearly promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase 3/7 and inactivation of Bcl-2 protein. Fragmentation of cell nucleus was confirmed by DAPI staining. Changes were also found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, whose damage was confirmed by staining with rhodamine 123 and in the MTT test. Azelastine decreased the mitotic index and induced mitotic catastrophe. Studies demonstrated the multidirectional effects of azelastine on HeLa cells, including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, autophagic, and apoptotic properties, which were the predominant mechanism of death. The revealed novel properties of azelastine may be practically used in anti-cancer therapy in the future.
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34
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Liu X, Jiang B, Hao H, Liu Z. CARD9 Signaling, Inflammation, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880879. [PMID: 35432375 PMCID: PMC9005907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) protein is expressed in many cells especially in immune cells, and is critically involved in the function of the innate and adaptive immune systems through extensive interactions between CARD9 and other signaling molecules including NF-κB and MAPK. CARD9-mediated signaling plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through the productions of important cytokines and chemokines. Abnormalities of CARD9 and CARD9 signaling or CARD9 mutations or polymorphism are associated with a variety of pathological conditions including infections, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. This review focuses on the function of CARD9 and CARD9-mediated signaling pathways, as well as interactions with other important signaling molecules in different cell types and the relations to specific disease conditions including inflammatory diseases, infections, tumorigenesis, and cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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35
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Ravichandran R, PriyaDharshini LC, Sakthivel KM, Rasmi RR. Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166400. [PMID: 35341960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative mechanism which responds to cellular conditions like stress or starvation and plays a key role in regulating cell metabolism, energy homeostasis, starvation adaptation, development and cell death. Numerous studies have stipulated the participation of autophagy in cancer, but the role of autophagy either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter is not clearly understood. However, mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cancer involves a diverse range of modifications of autophagy associated proteins such as ATGs, Beclin-1, mTOR, p53, KRAS etc. and autophagy pathways like mTOR, PI3K, MAPK, EGFR, HIF and NFκB. Furthermore, several researches have highlighted a context-dependent, cell type and stage-dependent regulation of autophagy in cancer. Alongside this, the interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment including hypoxia has a great potential in modulating autophagy response in favour to substantiate cancer cell metabolism, self-proliferation and metastasis. In this review article, we highlight the mechanism of autophagy and their contribution to cancer cell proliferation and development. In addition, we discuss about tumor microenvironment interaction and their consequence on selective autophagy pathways and the involvement of autophagy in various tumor types and their therapeutic interventions concentrated on exploiting autophagy as a potential target to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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36
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Wang Y, Yao L, Teng Y, Yin H, Wu Q. PIWIL1 Drives Chemoresistance in Multiple Myeloma by Modulating Mitophagy and the Myeloma Stem Cell Population. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783583. [PMID: 35083142 PMCID: PMC8784391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of the Argonaute protein family, PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a key role in tumor cell viability. However, the exact function of PIWIL1 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed that PIWIL1 was highly expressed in myeloma cell lines and newly diagnosed MM patients, and that its expression was notably higher in refractory/relapsed MM patients. PIWIL1 promoted the proliferation of MM cells and conferred resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PIWIL1 enhanced the formation of autophagosomes, especially mitophagosomes, by disrupting mitochondrial calcium signaling and modulating mitophagy-related canonical PINK1/Parkin pathway protein components. Mitophagy/autophagy inhibitors overcome PIWIL1-induced chemoresistance. In addition, PIWIL1 overexpression increased the proportion of side population (SP) cells and upregulated the expression of the stem cell-associated genes Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2, while its inhibition resulted in opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PIWIL1 induced drug resistance by activating mitophagy and regulating the MM stem cell population. PIWIL1 depletion significantly overcame drug resistance and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for reversing resistance in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Teng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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37
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HDAC6 Inhibition Extinguishes Autophagy in Cancer: Recent Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246280. [PMID: 34944907 PMCID: PMC8699196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is an essential process in cell recycling, and its involvement in cancer has been increasingly recognized in the last few decades. This mechanism acts as a double-edged sword in tumor progression and is known to either block or promote tumorigenesis in a context-specific manner. Its role in determining chemotherapeutic resistance makes it a potential target in cancer treatment. The two autophagic inhibitors hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are currently used in the clinic but cause several side effects in tumor patients. Since recent studies also show that epigenetic enzymes such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are able to modulate autophagy, this review focuses on the ability of HDAC6 to actively regulate the autophagic process. We also explore the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in adjuvant treatment or in combination with autophagic modulators to trigger this mechanism, thus avoiding the occurrence and effects of chemoresistance. Abstract Autophagy is an essential intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles regulating cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism. Its activation enhances cellular tolerance to various stresses and is known to be involved in drug resistance. In cancer, autophagy has a dual role in either promoting or blocking tumorigenesis, and recent studies indicate that epigenetic regulation is involved in its mechanism of action in this context. Specifically, the ubiquitin-binding histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme HDAC6 is known to be an important player in modulating autophagy. Epigenetic modulators, such as HDAC inhibitors, mediate this process in different ways and are already undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the role of epigenetic modifications, particularly HDAC-mediated modifications, in controlling autophagy in cancer. We focus on the controversy surrounding their ability to promote or block tumor progression and explore the impact of HDAC6 inhibitors on autophagy modulation in cancer. In light of the fact that targeted drug therapy for cancer patients is attracting ever increasing interest within the research community and in society at large, we discuss the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as adjuvants and/or in combination with conventional treatments to overcome autophagy-related mechanisms of resistance.
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38
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The two faces of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105321. [PMID: 34923284 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and understanding of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), focusing on putative roles in tumour suppression and survival along with the influence of this cell death pathway on the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic treatment. DESIGN Several well utilised databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar) were searched for the relevant literature using terms and keywords including but not limited too; autophagy and cancer, autophagy and OSCC, tumour survival, autophagy and oral microbiome, autophagy immunogenicity, OSCC chemoresistance. RESULTS Up-regulation of autophagy has been shown to promote tumour cell survival in the tumour microenvironment while in healthy cells, autophagy induction acts to prevent severe DNA mutations that can lead to cancer. Cancers utilise the autophagy pathway to promote survival during the stress of chemotherapeutic treatment and can induce resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs CONCLUSION: The ambiguous role of autophagy within cancers is still problematic in clinical fields. Within OSCC understanding whether autophagy plays a preventive or causative role is essential and may be beneficial in determining how modulation of this pathway may impact on OSSC and oral cancer patients.
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Faghfouri AH, Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Faghfuri E, Alivand M. PPAR-gamma agonists: Potential modulators of autophagy in obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174562. [PMID: 34655597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of some obesity related health problems. As obesity is a nutrient sufficiency condition, autophagy process can be altered in obesity through AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as the main modulator of adipogenesis process can be effective in the regulation of obesity related phenotypes. As well, it has been revealed that PPAR-gamma and its agonists can regulate autophagy in different normal or cancer cells. However, their effects on autophagy modulation in obesity have been investigated in the limited number of studies. In the current comprehensive mechanistic review, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of PPAR-gamma on the process of autophagy in obesity through narrating the effects of PPAR-gamma on autophagy in the non-obesity conditions. Moreover, mode of action of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy related implications comprehensively reviewed in the various studies. Understanding the different effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy in obesity can help to develop a new approach to management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Lv XW, He ZF, Zhu PP, Qin QY, Han YX, Xu TT. miR-451-3p alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting MAP1LC3B-mediated autophagy. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1089-1100. [PMID: 34633468 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We aim to explore the molecular mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). METHODS The H9C2 cells were cultured under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) condition to induce myocardial injury in vitro. The expression of miR-451-3p and MAP1LC3B was detected by RT-qPCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were performed to examine the relationship between microRNA (miR)-451-3p and MAP1LC3B. CCK8 was used to test cell viability. The level of LDH and CK was evaluated via ELISA. Immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry were applied to detect autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. Autophagy-related protein expressions were determined by western blotting. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model of MIRI was established by subjection to 30 min ischemia and subsequently 24 h reperfusion for validation of the role of miR-451-3p in regulating MIRI in vivo. RESULTS miR-451-3p was down-regulated in MIRI, and miR-451-3p mimics transfection alleviated autophagy and apoptosis induced by MIRI. miR-451-3p could target MAP1LC3B directly. Co-transfection miR-451-3p mimics and pcDNA 3.1 MAP1LC3B curbed the protected effects of miR-451-3p mimics on MIRI. CONCLUSIONS miR-451-3p played a protective role in MIRI via inhibiting MAP1LC3B-mediated autophagy, which may provide new molecular targets for the treatment of MIRI and further improves the clinical outcomes of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Feng He
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xue Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No.20, Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Liang D, Lin WJ, Ren M, Qiu J, Yang C, Wang X, Li N, Zeng T, Sun K, You L, Yan L, Wang W. m 6A reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin. Autophagy 2021; 18:1318-1337. [PMID: 34657574 PMCID: PMC9225222 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to the delay of wound healing in diabetic skin. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is known to play a critical role in regulating autophagy. In this study, it was found that SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy receptor, was significantly downregulated in two human keratinocyte cells lines with short-term high-glucose treatment, as well as in the epidermis of diabetic patients and a db/db mouse model with long-term hyperglycemia. Knockdown of SQSTM1 led to the impairment of autophagic flux, which was consistent with the results of high-glucose treatment in keratinocytes. Moreover, the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 (YTH domain containing 1), which interacted with SQSTM1 mRNA, was downregulated in keratinocytes under both the acute and chronic effects of hyperglycemia. Knockdown of YTHDC1 affected biological functions of keratinocytes, which included increased apoptosis rates and impaired wound-healing capacity. In addition, knockdown of endogenous YTHDC1 resulted in a blockade of autophagic flux in keratinocytes, while overexpression of YTHDC1 rescued the blockade of autophagic flux induced by high glucose. In vivo, knockdown of endogenous Ythdc1 or Sqstm1 inhibited autophagy in the epidermis and delayed wound healing. Interestingly, we found that a decrease of YTHDC1 drove SQSTM1 mRNA degradation in the nucleus. Furthermore, the results revealed that YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of SQSTM1. Collectively, this study uncovered a previously unrecognized function for YTHDC1 in modulating autophagy via regulating the stability of SQSTM1 nuclear mRNA in diabetic keratinocytes. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AGEs: glycation end products; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BECN1: beclin 1; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DM: diabetes mellitus; ELAVL1: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FTO: FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; G: glucose; HaCaT: human keratinocyte; GO: Gene Ontology; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; IHC: immunohistochemical; IRS: immunoreactive score; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; M: mannitol; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MeRIP: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation; METTL3: methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methytransferase complex catalytic subunit; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NFE2L2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NG: normal glucose; NHEK: normal human epithelial keratinocyte; OE: overexpressing; p-: phospho-; PI: propidium iodide; PPIN: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; RBPs: RNA binding proteins; RIP: RNA immunoprecipitation; RNA-seq: RNA-sequence; RNU6–1: RNA, U6 small nuclear 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SRSF: serine and arginine rich splicing factor; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I; WT: wild-type; YTHDC1: YTH domain containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diefei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gadhave K, Kumar D, Uversky VN, Giri R. A multitude of signaling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and their roles in AD pathogenesis and therapy. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2689-2745. [PMID: 32783388 PMCID: PMC7876169 DOI: 10.1002/med.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology continue to represent a mystery. In the past decades, comprehensive data were generated on the involvement of different signaling pathways in the AD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of signaling pathways as potential targets for the development of drugs against AD is rather limited due to the immense complexity of the brain and intricate molecular links between these pathways. Therefore, finding a correlation and cross-talk between these signaling pathways and establishing different therapeutic targets within and between those pathways are needed for better understanding of the biological events responsible for the AD-related neurodegeneration. For example, autophagy is a conservative cellular process that shows link with many other AD-related pathways and is crucial for maintenance of the correct cellular balance by degrading AD-associated pathogenic proteins. Considering the central role of autophagy in AD and its interplay with many other pathways, the finest therapeutic strategy to fight against AD is the use of autophagy as a target. As an essential step in this direction, this comprehensive review represents recent findings on the individual AD-related signaling pathways, describes key features of these pathways and their cross-talk with autophagy, represents current drug development, and introduces some of the multitarget beneficial approaches and strategies for the therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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43
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Anticancer Effects of Propionic Acid Inducing Cell Death in Cervical Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164951. [PMID: 34443546 PMCID: PMC8399869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced through bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract, have oncoprotective effects against cervical cancer. The most common SCFAs that are well known include acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, among which propionic acid (PA) has been reported to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. However, the mechanism in which SCFAs suppress HeLa cell viability remain poorly understood. Our study aims to provide a more detailed look into the mechanism of PA in HeLa cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that PA induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, PA inhibits NF-κB and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and induces LC3B protein levels, resulting in autophagy. PA also increased the sub-G1 cell population that is characteristic of cell death. Therefore, the results of this study propose that PA inhibits HeLa cell viability through a mechanism mediated by the induction of autophagy. The study also suggests a new approach for cervical cancer therapeutics.
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Madi NM, Abo El Gheit RE, Barhoma RA, El Saadany A, Alghazaly GM, Marea K, El-Saka MH. Beneficial impact of Nesfatin-1 on reproductive dysfunction induced by nicotine in male rats: Possible modulation of autophagy and pyroptosis signaling pathways. Physiol Int 2021; 108:185-201. [PMID: 34166222 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the beneficial impact of nesfatin-1 on reproductive dysfunction induced by nicotine (NT) in male rats with possible modulation of autophagy and pyroptosis signaling pathways. This research was performed on 40 Wistar male rats. They were distributed into four groups: control, normal+nesfatin-1, NT, and NT+nesfatin-1. At the end of the experimental period, the serum was separated for assay of testosterone, FSH and LH. Also, sperm parameters were determined. Histopathological examination of testicular tissue and immunohistochemical analysis was done for mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases including phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase and phosphorylated cJun N-terminal kinase. Relative gene expression was determined for testicular nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors proteins and Caspase-1, and autophagy markers including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha and Beclin-1. Also, the following testicular parameters were assayed: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species, caspase-3 activity, IL-1β, IL-18, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Complex-I activity. The results revealed that the normal+nesfatin-1 group showed insignificant changes as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the NT group exhibited prominent reproductive dysfunction in male rats. On the other hand, in the NT+nesfatin-1 group nesfatin-1 notably attenuated this reproductive dysfunction as evidenced by improvement of hormonal assay, sperm parameters, histopathological picture, immunohistochemical evaluation and real time relative gene expressions. In conclusion: Nesfatin-1 alleviated the impairment of male reproductive functions induced by NT via enhancement of autophagy pathways, suppression of pyroptosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. Thus nesfatin-1 may offer a novel protective or therapeutic access for treating male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Madi
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - R E Abo El Gheit
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - R A Barhoma
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - A El Saadany
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - G M Alghazaly
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - K Marea
- 4Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M H El-Saka
- 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Khodakarimi S, Zarebkohan A, Kahroba H, Omrani M, Sepasi T, Mohaddes G, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Ebrahimi A, Ebrahimi-Kalan A. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Life Sci 2021; 287:119726. [PMID: 34144058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AD), which are classified as chronic injuries, are caused by a specific auto-reactive reaction. The etiology of most ADs is not well understood. Meanwhile, Autophagy is a protective response defining as a catabolic method by lysosomes tending to maintain homeostasis acts by recycling and discrediting cell compartments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in controlling immune homeostasis by eliminating intracellular pathogens and presenting antigens to immune cognition. MicroRNAs are commonly known as endogenous non-coding small RNAs, which span 18-25 nt and take part in the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level regulation. miRNAs play important roles in different processes like, cell differentiation, duplicating, and apoptosis. Moreover, miRNAs are the critical molecules for the regular function of the immune system by modulating immune tolerance mechanisms and autoimmunity. Recent findings support the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ADs and in the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we will focus on the role of the miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy and then will explain the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the initiation of the ADs by modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Khodakarimi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Omrani
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tina Sepasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayyub Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126313. [PMID: 34204653 PMCID: PMC8231133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.
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Phua TJ. The Etiology and Pathophysiology Genesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: A New Perspective. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8060030. [PMID: 34208086 PMCID: PMC8230771 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are unknown, with ageing being the greatness risk factor. Methods: This new perspective evaluates the available interdisciplinary evidence regarding prostate ageing in terms of the cell biology of regulation and homeostasis, which could explain the timeline of evolutionary cancer biology as degenerative, inflammatory and neoplasm progressions in these multifactorial and heterogeneous prostatic diseases. Results: This prostate ageing degeneration hypothesis encompasses the testosterone-vascular-inflamm-ageing triad, along with the cell biology regulation of amyloidosis and autophagy within an evolutionary tumorigenesis microenvironment. Conclusions: An understanding of these biological processes of prostate ageing can provide potential strategies for early prevention and could contribute to maintaining quality of life for the ageing individual along with substantial medical cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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48
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Autophagy Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115804. [PMID: 34071600 PMCID: PMC8199315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that plays an important role in removing damaged proteins, organelles or cellular fragments from the cell. Under stressful conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency or chemotherapy, this process can also become the strategy for cell survival. Autophagy can be nonselective or selective in removing specific organelles, ribosomes, and protein aggregates, although the complete mechanisms that regulate aspects of selective autophagy are not fully understood. This review summarizes the most recent research into understanding the different types and mechanisms of autophagy. The relationship between apoptosis and autophagy on the level of molecular regulation of the expression of selected proteins such as p53, Bcl-2/Beclin 1, p62, Atg proteins, and caspases was discussed. Intensive studies have revealed a whole range of novel compounds with an anticancer activity that inhibit or activate regulatory pathways involved in autophagy. We focused on the presentation of compounds strongly affecting the autophagy process, with particular emphasis on those that are undergoing clinical and preclinical cancer research. Moreover, the target points, adverse effects and therapeutic schemes of autophagy inhibitors and activators are presented.
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Zając A, Sumorek-Wiadro J, Langner E, Wertel I, Maciejczyk A, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Pawelec J, Wasiak M, Hułas-Stasiak M, Bądziul D, Rzeski W, Reichert M, Jakubowicz-Gil J. Involvement of PI3K Pathway in Glioma Cell Resistance to Temozolomide Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105155. [PMID: 34068110 PMCID: PMC8152763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the anticancer potential of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and temozolomide using glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cells. Apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and granules in the cytoplasm were identified microscopically (fluorescence and electron microscopes). The mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by flow cytometry. The activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and Akt was evaluated fluorometrically, while the expression of Beclin 1, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, caspase 12, and Hsp27 was determined by immunoblotting. SiRNA was used to block Hsp27 and PI3K expression. Cell migration and localization of Hsp27 were tested with the wound healing assay and immunocytochemistry, respectively. LY294002 effectively diminished the migratory potential and increased programmed death of T98G and MOGGCCM. Autophagy was dominant in MOGGCCM, while apoptosis was dominant in T98G. LY294002 with temozolomide did not potentiate cell death but redirected autophagy toward apoptosis, which was correlated with ER stress. A similar effect was observed after blocking PI3K expression with siRNA. Transfection with Hsp27 siRNA significantly increased apoptosis related to ER stress. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway sensitizes glioma cells to apoptosis upon temozolomide treatment, which was correlated with ER stress. Hsp27 increases the resistance of glioma cells to cell death upon temozolomide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Maciejczyk
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Jarosław Pawelec
- Institute Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wasiak
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Monika Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Dorota Bądziul
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Reichert
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Kalugina KK, Sukhareva KS, Churkinа AI, Kostareva AA. Autophagy as a Pathogenetic Link and
a Target for Therapy of Musculoskeletal System Diseases. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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