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Jiang J, Huang Y, He B. Advances in the interaction between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles: critical summarization, classification, and perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1353087. [PMID: 38978618 PMCID: PMC11228240 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 619 million people in the world suffer from low back pain (LBP). As two potential inducers of LBP, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles (PSMs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. So far, only one review has been presented to summarize their relationship and relevant mechanisms. Nevertheless, it has several noticeable drawbacks, such as incomplete categorization and discussion, lack of practical proposals, etc. Consequently, this paper aims to systematically summarize and classify the interaction between IVDD and fat infiltration of PSMs, thus providing a one-stop search handbook for future studies. As a result, four mechanisms of IVDD leading to fat infiltration of PSMs and three mechanisms of fat infiltration in PSMs causing IVDD are thoroughly analyzed and summarized. The typical reseaches are tabulated and evaluated from four aspects, i.e., methods, conclusions, benefits, and drawbacks. We find that IVDD and fat infiltration of PSMs is a vicious cycle that can promote the occurrence and development of each other, ultimately leading to LBP and disability. Finally, eight perspectives are proposed for future in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiu Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yilong Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Theyse LFH, Mazur EM. Osteoarthritis, adipokines and the translational research potential in small animal patients. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1193702. [PMID: 38831954 PMCID: PMC11144893 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1193702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoartritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting both humans and animals. In the early stages, OA is characterized by damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis and depletion of chondrocytes. OA progression is characterized by hyaline cartilage loss, chondrophyte and osteophyte formation, thickening of the joint capsule and function loss in the later stages. As the regenerative potential of cartilage is very limited and osteoarthritic changes are irreversible, prevention of OA, modulation of existing osteoarthritic joint inflammation, reducing joint pain and supporting joint function are the only options. Progression of OA and pain may necessitate surgical intervention with joint replacement or arthrodesis as end-stage procedures. In human medicine, the role of adipokines in the development and progression of OA has received increasing interest. At present, the known adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin. Adipokines have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in joint homeostasis by modulating anabolic and catabolic balance, autophagy, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In small animals, in terms of dogs and cats, naturally occurring OA has been clearly demonstrated as a clinical problem. Similar to humans, the etiology of OA is multifactorial and has not been fully elucidated. Humans, dogs and cats share many joint related degenerative diseases leading to OA. In this review, joint homeostasis, OA, adipokines and the most common joint diseases in small animals leading to naturally occurring OA and their relation with adipokines are discussed. The purpose of this review is highlighting the translational potential of OA and adipokines research in small animal patients.
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Gicchino MF, Marzuillo P, Melone R, Zarrilli S, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Olivieri AN, Di Sessa A. The dual role of body mass index on Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis course: a pediatric experience. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:809-813. [PMID: 38015262 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-known role of obesity as risk factor for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) severity, emerging but limited evidence suggested a similar role for underweight. We investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) across its full spectrum in a cohort of children with JIA.We retrospectively studied 113 children with JIA classified according to the International League of Association for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria attending our Rheumatology Clinic. The patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation including both clinical and biochemical assessments. According to BMI Z-score, the cohort was divided into five groups as underweight, normal weight, overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and severe OB. Disease activity was calculated by Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 10 (JADAS-10) joint reduced count and relapses were defined according to Wallace criteria.The mean age of the cohort was 7.43 ± 4.03 years. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, OW, OB, and severe OB was 7.2%, 54.1%, 10.8%, 17.1%, and 10.8%, respectively. Significant higher ferritin levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were found in patients with severe OB and underweight compared to subjects belonging to normal weight, OW, and OB groups. A greater JADAS-10 score was observed in underweight patients and in those with severe OB than other groups. The relapse rate was higher in patients with severe OB and underweight compared to other groups. Conclusions: Both underweight and OB might negatively affect JIA course. Weight control is fundamental in children with JIA to avoid a more unfavourable course of the disease. What is Known: • Obesity represents a well-known risk factor for JIA severity. • The role of underweight in children with JIA is still poorly explored. What is New: • As observed in children with obesity, underweight young patients with JIA seem to experience a more severe JIA course. • Healthy lifestyle promotion in children with JIA is a crucial step in the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Gicchino
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Melone
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Zarrilli
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alma Nunzia Olivieri
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Jia S, Yu Z, Bai L. Exerkines and osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1302769. [PMID: 38107476 PMCID: PMC10722202 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1302769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease, with physical exercise being a widely endorsed strategy in its management guidelines. Exerkines, defined as cytokines secreted in response to acute and chronic exercise, function through endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine pathways. Various tissue-specific exerkines, encompassing exercise-induced myokines (muscle), cardiokines (heart), and adipokines (adipose tissue), have been linked to exercise therapy in OA. Exerkines are derived from these kines, but unlike them, only kines regulated by exercise can be called exerkines. Some of these exerkines serve a therapeutic role in OA, such as irisin, metrnl, lactate, secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP), neuregulin, and adiponectin. While others may exacerbate the condition, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-33, myostatin, fractalkine, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), visfatin, activin A, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), apelin and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15. They exerts anti-/pro-apoptosis/pyroptosis/inflammation, chondrogenic differentiation and cell senescence effect in chondrocyte, synoviocyte and mesenchymal stem cell. The modulation of adipokine effects on diverse cell types within the intra-articular joint emerges as a promising avenue for future OA interventions. This paper reviews recent findings that underscore the significant role of tissue-specific exerkines in OA, delving into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuo Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyao Yu
- Imaging Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Huang Z, Liu C, Zheng G, Zhang L, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Qi Y. Articular Cartilage Regeneration via Induced Chondrocyte Autophagy by Sustained Release of Leptin Inhibitor from Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel through STAT3/REDD1/mTORC1 Cascade. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302181. [PMID: 37673039 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) is closely linked to autophagy abnormalities in articular chondrocytes, the sole mature cell type in healthy cartilage. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism remains uncertain. Previous research has demonstrated that leptin activates mTORC1 , thereby inhibiting chondrocyte autophagy during the progression of OA. In this study, it is demonstrated that the presence of leptin induces a substantial increase in the expression of STAT3, leading to a notable decrease in REDD1 expression and subsequent phosphorylation of p70S6K, a recognized downstream effector of mTORC1. Conversely, inhibition of leptin yields contrasting effects. Additionally, the potential advantages of utilizing a sustained intra-articular release of a leptin inhibitor (LI) via an injectable, thermosensitive poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA: PLEL) hydrogel delivery system for the purpose of investigating its impact on cartilage repair are explored. The study conducted on LI-loaded PLEL (PLEL@LI) demonstrates remarkable efficacy in inhibiting OA and displays encouraging therapeutic advantages in the restoration of subchondral bone and cartilage. These findings establish a solid foundation for the advancement of a pioneering treatment approach utilizing PLEL@LI for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guangping Zheng
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Ganzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Chang JW, Lin YY, Tsai CH, Liu SC, He XY, Wu YS, Huang CC, Tang CH. Nesfatin-1 stimulates BMP5 expression and osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115687. [PMID: 37481139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease marked by immune cell activation and chronic inflammation in the synovium accompanied by osteoclast activation and local joint destruction. Increased levels of the adipokine nesfatin-1 in RA synovium are associated with proinflammatory cytokines. Our analysis of datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and synovial tissue samples from RA patients revealed that these had higher levels of nesfatin-1 and osteoclast markers compared with normal synovium. These findings were the same in tissue samples from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and normal healthy controls. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that nesfatin-1 increased levels of bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP5) expression via JAK/STAT signaling in RA synovial fibroblasts. Finally, we found that nesfatin-1 short hairpin RNA reduced BMP5 and osteoclast formation in CIA mice. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Way Chang
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Yuan He
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Li J, Fu R, Guo X, Pan Z, Xie J. Acupuncture improves immunity and fatigue after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients by inhibiting the Leptin/AMPK signaling pathway. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:506. [PMID: 37542585 PMCID: PMC10404187 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acupuncture has become a popular complementary treatment in oncology. This study is based on RNA-Seq transcriptome sequencing technology to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of acupuncture-mediated regulation of the Leptin/AMPK signaling pathway on mitochondrial dysfunction-induced fatigue in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with post-operative chemotherapy for breast cancer were selected for transcriptome sequencing to screen the key molecular pathways involved in fatigue after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Besides, peripheral blood samples were collected from 138 post-operative chemotherapy patients with breast cancer to study the composite fatigue and quality of life scores. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood-specific immune cells. In addition, a blood cell analyzer was used to measure peripheral blood leukocyte counts, and MSP-PCR was used to detect mitochondrial DNA mutations in peripheral blood leukocytes. RESULTS Transcriptome bioinformatics analysis screened 147 up-regulated mRNAs and 160 down-regulated mRNAs. Leptin protein was confirmed as the key factor. Leptin was significantly higher in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients who developed fatigue after chemotherapy. Acupuncture treatment effectively improved post-chemotherapy fatigue and immune status in breast cancer patients, suppressed the expression of Leptin/AMPK signaling pathway-related factor and leukocyte counts, and significantly reduced the rate of mitochondrial DNA mutations in peripheral blood leukocytes. CONCLUSION The Leptin/AMPK signaling pathway may be the key molecular pathway affecting the occurrence of fatigue after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Leptin may improve post-chemotherapy fatigue in breast cancer patients by activating AMPK phosphorylation and alleviating mitochondrial functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyang Fu
- Department of Acupuncture, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Acupuncture, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiang Pan
- Department of Acupuncture, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No. 158, Guangchang Hou Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Abbasifard M, Mohammadiranjbar F, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Mahmoodi M, Hassanshahi G, Swann J, Zarei S, Hosseiniara R, Hajizadeh MR. Evaluation of epigenetic-related gene expression (DNMT, HDAC1) in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2023; 19:358-362. [PMID: 37661113 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system abnormally reacts against cells and tissues leading to inflammation. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modification, have critical effects on autoimmune disease and SLE pathogenesis via dysregulation of critical genes. AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic-related gene expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in Iranian patients with SLE. METHODS This matched case-control study included 16 people with SLE and 16 healthy people who were referred to the Rafsanjani rheumatology clinic, in southeast Iran. The expression of DNMT and HDAC1 genes was measured through a real-time PCR assay of blood samples. RESULTS DNMT gene expression did not differ significantly between SLE and healthy groups (P=0.21). In contrast, HDAC1 gene expression was enhanced in the SLE group, but this enhancement failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.94). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that overexpression of HDAC1 could serve as a diagnostic for SLE disease. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings. Evaluation of other genes related to SLE disease is essential and may help to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn AbiTalib hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mohammadiranjbar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Basics Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Jennifer Swann
- Biological Sciences, Interim Director of Africana Studies, Williams Hall, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, United States
| | - Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseiniara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Basics Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Wang X, Xie L, Yang S. Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:595. [PMID: 37474953 PMCID: PMC10357613 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The weight-adjusted-waist Index (WWI), an innovative metric for assessing obesity, exhibits superior efficacy in appraising lean muscle and adipose tissue mass relative to both the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). The objective of this research paper is to investigate the correlation between WWI and the incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS In this population-based study, we collected data from adult participants aged 20-80 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2020 to analyze the association between WWI and the occurrence of RA and OA. NHANES, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, is designed to evaluate the health and nutritional status of the U.S. POPULATION The current research incorporates an extensive, nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, utilizing weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting techniques to examine linear and non-linear relationships. Threshold effects were determined through a two-part linear regression model. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to explore the connection between WWI and the incidence of RA and OA. RESULTS Our findings reveal a linear positive correlation between WWI and OA prevalence, indicating that an increase in WWI is linked to a heightened risk of OA. Conversely, a non-linear relationship was observed between WWI and RA prevalence, exhibiting a significant threshold effect with a saturation value of 11.21 cm/√kg. A positive association was detected to the left of the saturation point, while no significant association was present between the two variables to the right of the saturation point, suggesting a complex non-linear relationship between RA prevalence and WWI. CONCLUSIONS This investigation demonstrates a positive linear association between WWI and OA prevalence, as well as a complex non-linear relationship with RA prevalence in U.S. adults aged 20-80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
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Zdziechowski A, Gluba-Sagr A, Rysz J, Woldańska-Okońska M. Why Does Rehabilitation Not (Always) Work in Osteoarthritis? Does Rehabilitation Need Molecular Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098109. [PMID: 37175818 PMCID: PMC10179350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease among the human population worldwide. OA causes functional impairment, leads to disability and poses serious socioeconomic burden. The rehabilitation offers a function-oriented method to reduce the disability using diverse interventions (kinesiotherapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, education, and pharmacotherapy). OA as a widespread disease among elderly patients is often treated by rehabilitation specialists and physiotherapists, however the results of rehabilitation are sometimes unsatisfactory. The understanding of molecular mechanisms activated by rehabilitation may enable the development of more effective rehabilitation procedures. Molecular biology methods may prove crucial in rehabilitation as the majority of rehabilitation procedures cannot be estimated in double-blinded placebo-controlled trials commonly used in pharmacotherapy. This article attempts to present and estimate the role of molecular biology in the development of modern rehabilitation. The role of clinicians in adequate molecular biology experimental design is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zdziechowski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-700 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Woldańska-Okońska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-700 Łódź, Poland
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Atzeni F, Maiani S, Corda M, Rodríguez-Carrio J. Diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: main challenges and research agenda. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:279-292. [PMID: 36651086 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2170351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit a cardiovascular (CV) risk that is 1.5-2.0 times higher compared to the general population. This CV risk excess is likely caused by the involvement of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Therefore, conventional algorithms and imaging techniques fail to fully account for this risk excess and provide a suboptimal risk stratification, hence limiting clinical management in this setting. AREAS COVERED Compelling evidence has suggested a role for adaptations of conventional algorithms (Framingham, SCORE, AHA, etc) or the development of RA-specific algorithms, as well as the use of a number of several, noninvasive imaging techniques to improve CV risk assessment in RA populations. Similarly, in-depth analyses of atherosclerosis pathogenesis in RA patients have shed new light into a plethora of soluble biomarkers (such as inflammatory cytokines, vascular remodeling mediators or autoantibodies) that may provide incremental value for CV risk stratification. EXPERT OPINION Extensive research has demonstrated a lack of performance of chart adaptations in capturing real CV risk in RA population, as well as for RA-specific algorithms. Similarly, limitations have been detected in the use of soluble mediators. The development of a novel, RA-specific algorithm including classical and non-traditional risk factors may be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Maiani
- Clinical Cardiology, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Corda
- S.C. Cardiologia UTIC, ARNAS, G.Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Area of Metabolism, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Badley EM, Zahid S, Wilfong JM, Perruccio AV. Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Osteoarthritis for Single and Multisite Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, or Knee: Findings From a Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:1879-1887. [PMID: 34121361 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether an apparent association between hand osteoarthritis (OA) and adiposity is explained by the presence of OA at other joint sites. METHODS Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, first cycle, comprehensive cohort, were used. Respondents age 45-85 years (n = 18,279) were asked separate questions about doctor-diagnosed OA in the hand, hip, or knee. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between all combinations of hand, hip, and knee OA and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). RESULTS OA was reported by 34.6% of respondents, 28.0% with OA at >1 joint site. Hand OA was not significantly associated with BMI after accounting for OA at other joint sites, with similar findings for WHtR. All joint site combinations containing the knee were strongly associated with BMI, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from OR 2.92 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.53-3.37) for knee OA only with obesity class I to OR 9.98 (95% CI 7.12-13.88) for multi-joint knee, hip, hand OA with obesity class II/III. BMI distributions including knee OA were broader and shifted to higher BMI levels than those for hand or hip OA. CONCLUSION Apparent associations between hand OA and BMI may be explained by concurrent OA at other joint sites. Recognizing that OA is a multi-joint disease is crucial for studies of the associations of adiposity with OA in a particular joint, especially the hand. The association between knee OA and BMI appears to be distinct from those for OA at other joint sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Badley
- Krembil Research Institute and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shatabdy Zahid
- Krembil Research Institute and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Wilfong
- Krembil Research Institute and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony V Perruccio
- Krembil Research Institute and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Ko JY, Chen SH, Wu RW, Wu KT, Hsu CC, Kuo SJ. Decreased Expression of Leptin among Patients with Shoulder Stiffness. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101588. [PMID: 36295022 PMCID: PMC9605091 DOI: 10.3390/life12101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a disease that is fibroblastic and inflammatory in nature. Leptin is an adipokine-mediating the fibroblastic and inflammatory processes of various diseases. Our study tried to investigate the role of leptin in SS pathogenesis. Subacromial bursa from stiff and non-stiff shoulders were obtained for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunoblotting. Subacromial fluid was obtained for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We showed that the expression level of leptin was lower in the subacromial bursae from the stiff shoulders in RT-PCR analysis (p < 0.001) and immunoblotting (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin was also lower in the subacromial fluid derived from stiff shoulders. The leptin level in the subacromial fluid was positively associated with the constant score, total range of motion, flexion, abduction, and external rotation. The synovial fibroblasts derived from stiff shoulder-retrieved subacromial bursa were treated by 0, 1, and 3 μM leptin. Under RT-qPCR analysis, leptin was shown to dose-dependently decrease the transcription of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, but without impact on IL-1β and IL-4 (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.137, and p = 0.883 by ANOVA test, respectively). These results shed light on the role of leptin in orchestrating the disease processes of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Re-Wen Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Cheleschi S, Tenti S, Bedogni G, Fioravanti A. Circulating Mir-140 and leptin improve the accuracy of the differential diagnosis between psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. Transl Res 2022; 239:18-34. [PMID: 34380068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is difficult because of the lack of diagnostic clinical signs and reliable biomarkers. This study investigated microRNAs (miRNA) and adipokines as potential additional markers to discriminate PsA from RA. The expression profile of miRNA (miR-21, miR-140, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181b, miR-223, miR-let-7e) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-23a, TNF-α) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of PsA and RA patients compared to healthy controls (HC) were evaluated by real-time PCR, and serum adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, resistin, visfatin) and cytokines by ELISA assay. Univariable binary logistic regression was used to find the association between PsA and potential predictors. The gene expression of miRNA and cytokines and the serum levels of adipokines were found significantly different in PsA and RA patients compared to HC, as well as in PsA versus RA. MiR-140 gene expression resulted up-regulated in PsA patients and reduced in RA in comparison to HC, and, for the first time, significantly higher in PsA compared with RA. Serum levels of IL-23a and leptin were significantly increased in PsA and RA populations than in HC, as well as in PsA versus RA. Furthermore, circulating TNF-α was up-regulated in PsA and RA in comparison to controls, while resulted higher in RA than in PsA. Univariable binary logistic regression analysis found the above-mentioned markers associated to PsA versus RA. Our results first demonstrated an increased expression of circulating miR-140 and serum leptin in PsA patients compared to RA, which were identified as potential additional biomarkers to discriminate PsA from RA. Since the differential diagnosis of PsA and RA poses challenges in clinical practice, our data may help to enhance the diagnostic performance of PsA in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cheleschi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy.
| | - Sara Tenti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 1, Siena, Italy
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15
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Chen R, Zhang Y, Xu H, Hu H, Chen M, Shuai Z. Val109Asp Polymorphism of the Omentin-1 Gene and Incidence of Knee Osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han Population: A Correlation Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:5075-5086. [PMID: 34992344 PMCID: PMC8710085 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s340410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation of the Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene with the risk and severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a Chinese Han population. Methods This study enrolled 383 patients with primary KOA and 460 healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. To explore the interaction between omentin-1 gene polymorphism and obesity and age, the body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 and the age of 55 years old were preset as the cut-off value of stratified analysis. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of omentin-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and collagen (COL)-II in the supernatant of knee joint cartilage tissue. Results The Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene showed no obvious correlation with KOA. Compared with Asp/Asp genotype carriers with BMI <25 kg/m2 and age <55 years old, Val109 allele carriers with BMI≥25 kg/m2 and age ≥55 years old had obviously increased risk of KOA (adjusted OR = 1.416, p = 0.042; adjusted OR = 1.735, p = 0.038, respectively). In the KOA group, only the omentin-1 levels were significantly lower in the plasma and synovial fluid of Ala/Ala genotype carriers than in those of Asp/Asp genotype carriers. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with moderate–severe K-L Classification, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 in synovial fluid and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-13 in cartilage tissue significantly increased (p < 0.05). By contrast, the expression level of COL-II in cartilage tissue significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions The Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene may not be the primary pathogenic factor of KOA in Chinese. The Val/Val genotype can be regarded as a potential biomarker for the risk of KOA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honggang Xu
- Department of Sports Injury and Arthroscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Hu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mingwei Chen; Zongwen Shuai Email ;
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Chang TK, Zhong YH, Liu SC, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Lee HP, Wang SW, Hsu CJ, Tang CH. Apelin Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease via the miR-525-5p/Angiopoietin-1 Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737990. [PMID: 34659230 PMCID: PMC8511637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process in the formation of new capillaries and a key participant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The adipokine apelin (APLN) plays critical roles in several cellular functions, including angiogenesis. We report that APLN treatment of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) increased angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) expression. Ang1 antibody abolished endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) tube formation and migration in conditioned medium from APLN-treated RASFs. We also found significantly higher levels of APLN and Ang1 expression in synovial fluid from RA patients compared with those with osteoarthritis. APLN facilitated Ang1-dependent EPC angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-525-5p synthesis via phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) signaling. Importantly, infection with APLN shRNA mitigated EPC angiogenesis, articular swelling, and cartilage erosion in ankle joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. APLN is therefore a novel therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Han Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ping Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Association of the Adipokines Chemerin, Apelin, Vaspin and Omentin and Their Functional Genetic Variants with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100976. [PMID: 34683117 PMCID: PMC8539350 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines were shown to exert crucial roles in rheumatic diseases. This study aimed to assess the role of chemerin, apelin, vaspin, and omentin adipokines and their genetic variants rs17173608, rs2235306, rs2236242, and rs2274907, respectively, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis in Egyptian patients. A total of 150 RA patients and 150 healthy individuals were recruited. Blood samples were collected and used for genotyping. Serum was separated and used for expression analysis by quantitative PCR, and various biochemical markers determination by ELISA. Serum protein levels of chemerin and vaspin, as well as their gene expression levels were higher, while those of apelin and omentin were lower in RA patients and were associated with most of RA clinical and laboratory characteristics. G allele of chemerin rs17173608, T allele of vaspin rs2236242, and T allele of omentin rs2274907 were more frequent in RA patients. Serum levels and gene expression levels of chemerin in GG genotype carriers and vaspin in TT genotype group were significantly higher, while those of omentin in TT genotype carriers were significantly lower than RA patients with other genotypes. There was no association between apelin rs2235306 and RA. Chemerin rs17173608, vaspin rs2236242, and omentin rs2274907 polymorphisms were associated with increased susceptibility to RA.
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18
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Lee KT, Chen BC, Liu SC, Lin YY, Tsai CH, Ko CY, Tang CH, Tung KC. Nesfatin-1 facilitates IL-1β production in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by suppressing miR-204-5p synthesis through the AP-1 and NF-κB pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22490-22501. [PMID: 34560673 PMCID: PMC8507299 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is mediated by adipokines, one of which is nesfatin-1, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, how this molecule may affect the synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in OA is unclear. Our analyses of records from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and clinical specimens of synovial tissue revealed higher levels of nesfatin-1 and IL-1β in OA samples compared with normal healthy tissue. We found that nesfatin-1 facilitates IL-1β synthesis in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) and suppresses the generation of micro-RNA (miR)-204-5p, as the miR-204-5p levels in OA patients were lower than those in healthy controls. Nesfatin-1-induced stimulation of IL-1β in human OASFs occurred via the suppression of miR-204-5p synthesis by the PI3K, Akt, AP-1 and NF-κB pathways. We suggest that nesfatin-1 is worth targeting in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Tsan Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Chung Tung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Thomas PE, Aarestrup J, Jacobsen S, Jensen BW, Baker JL. Birthweight, body size, and growth during childhood and risks of rheumatoid arthritis: a large Danish cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 51:461-469. [PMID: 34514936 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2021.1954772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Adult obesity may be positively associated with risks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but associations with early life body size are unknown. We examined whether birthweight, childhood body mass index (BMI), height, and changes in BMI and height were associated with risks of adult RA.Method: A cohort of 346 602 children (171 127 girls) from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born in 1930-1996, with measured weights and heights from 7 to 13 years of age, were included. Information on RA, including serological status, came from national registers from 1977 to 2017. Cox regressions were performed.Results: During a median of 35.1 years of observation time per person, 4991 individuals (3565 women) were registered with RA. Among girls, per BMI z-score, risks of RA and seropositive RA increased by 4-9% and 6-10%, respectively. Girls with overweight had higher risks of RA than girls without overweight. Girls who became overweight by 13 years of age had increased risks of RA compared to girls without overweight at 7 or 13 years (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.19-1.66). For boys, associations between BMI and RA (including seropositive RA) were not statistically significant. Height was not associated with RA (any type) in girls. Taller boys had higher risks of RA, especially seropositive RA. Birthweight was not associated with RA.Conclusions: Among women, childhood adiposity was associated with increased risks of RA. Among men, childhood height was positively associated with risks of RA. These findings support the hypothesis that early life factors may be important in the aetiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Thomas
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J Aarestrup
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B W Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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20
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by tumor-like hyperplasia and inflammation of the synovium, which causes synovial cell invasion into the bone and cartilage. In RA pathogenesis, various molecules in effector cells (i.e., immune cells and mesenchymal cells) are dysregulated by genetic and environmental factors. Consistent with the early stages of RA, these pathogenic cells cooperate and activate each other directly by cell-to-cell contact or indirectly via humoral factors. Recently, growing evidence has revealed essential role of adipokines, which are multifunctional signal transduction molecules, in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cross-talk between leptin, one of the most well-known and best-characterized adipokines, and osteoimmunology. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of leptin to the pathogenesis of RA and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Effects of Visfatin on Intracellular Mechanics and Catabolism in Human Primary Chondrocytes through Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158107. [PMID: 34360874 PMCID: PMC8348639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is still a recalcitrant musculoskeletal disease on account of its complex biochemistry and mechanical stimulations. Apart from stimulation by external mechanical forces, the regulation of intracellular mechanics in chondrocytes has also been linked to OA development. Recently, visfatin has received significant attention because of the clinical finding of the positive correlation between its serum/synovial level and OA progression. However, the precise mechanism involved is still unclear. This study determined the effect of visfatin on intracellular mechanics and catabolism in human primary chondrocytes isolated from patients. The intracellular stiffness of chondrocytes was analyzed by the particle-tracking microrheology method. It was shown that visfatin damages the microtubule and microfilament networks to influence intracellular mechanics to decrease the intracellular elasticity and viscosity via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inactivation induced by p38 signaling. Further, microtubule network destruction in human primary chondrocytes is predominantly responsible for the catabolic effect of visfatin on the cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation. The present study shows a more comprehensive interpretation of OA development induced by visfatin through biochemical and biophysical perspectives. Finally, the role of GSK3β inactivation, and subsequent regulation of intracellular mechanics, might be considered as theranostic targets for future drug development for OA.
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22
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Functional disability is related to serum chemerin levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8360. [PMID: 33863926 PMCID: PMC8052358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines, especially chemerin, can interact with cytokines and other molecules in inflammation. To date, there is insufficient information regarding a possible correlation between functional disability and chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify the association of functional disability with serum chemerin and other pro-inflammatory molecules, including other adipokines, cytokines and E-selectin, in patients with RA. Cross-sectional study. Assessment: disease activity (DAS28-ESR) and functional disability (HAQ-DI). We compared the adipokines (chemerin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18) and E-selectin levels between RA with functional disability and RA non-disabled patients. Of 82 patients with RA, 43 (52%) had functional disability. The RA with functional disability group had higher chemerin (140 vs. 112 ng/mL, p = 0.007) than the non-disabled RA group. Chemerin correlated with the HAQ-DI (rho = 0.27, p = 0.02) and DAS28-ESR (rho = 0.21, p = 0.05). Severe activity correlated with IL-6 (rho = 0.33, p = 0.003) and E-selectin (rho = 0.23, p = 0.03) but not with disability. No other pro-inflammatory molecules correlated with HAQ-DI. High chemerin levels were associated with functional disability in RA, whereas no other molecules correlated with loss of function. These results encourage further studies assessing new roles of chemerin as a marker of impairment in RA.
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23
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Adiponectin Deregulation in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084095. [PMID: 33920997 PMCID: PMC8071452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of adiponectin is found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its expression is downregulated by various inflammatory mediators, but paradoxically, elevated serum levels are present in SARDs with high inflammatory components, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulating adiponectin is positively associated with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis as well as with cardiovascular risks and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, in SARDs with less prominent inflammation, such as systemic sclerosis, adiponectin levels are low and correlate negatively with disease activity. Regulators of adiponectin gene expression (PPAR-γ, Id3, ATF3, and SIRT1) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) are differentially expressed in SARDs and could therefore influence total adiponectin levels. In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy could also have an impact, as tocilizumab treatment is associated with increased serum adiponectin. However, anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment does not seem to affect its levels. Our review provides an overview of studies on adiponectin levels in the bloodstream and other biological samples from SARD patients and presents some possible explanations why adiponectin is deregulated in the context of therapy and gene regulation.
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Exploring the Crosstalk between Hydrostatic Pressure and Adipokines: An In Vitro Study on Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052745. [PMID: 33803113 PMCID: PMC7963177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) development and progression due to an altered biomechanical stress on cartilage and an increased release of inflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue. Evidence suggests an interplay between loading and adipokines in chondrocytes metabolism modulation. We investigated the role of loading, as hydrostatic pressure (HP), in regulating visfatin-induced effects in human OA chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were stimulated with visfatin (24 h) and exposed to high continuous HP (24 MPa, 3 h) in the presence of visfatin inhibitor (FK866, 4 h pre-incubation). Apoptosis and oxidative stress were detected by cytometry, B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2, metalloproteinases (MMPs), type II collagen (Col2a1), antioxidant enzymes, miRNA, cyclin D1 expressions by real-time PCR, and β-catenin protein by western blot. HP exposure or visfatin stimulus significantly induced apoptosis, superoxide anion production, and MMP-3, -13, antioxidant enzymes, and miRNA gene expression, while reducing Col2a1 and BCL2 mRNA. Both stimuli significantly reduced β-catenin protein and increased cyclin D1 gene expression. HP exposure exacerbated visfatin-induced effects, which were counteracted by FK866 pre-treatment. Our data underline the complex interplay between loading and visfatin in controlling chondrocytes' metabolism, contributing to explaining the role of obesity in OA etiopathogenesis, and confirming the importance of controlling body weight for disease treatment.
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Cici D, Corrado A, Rotondo C, Colia R, Cantatore FP. Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-021-09275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic rheumatic osteoarticular inflammatory diseases, particularly focusing on their effects on inflammatory and immune response and on bone alterations. Indeed, these diseases are characterized by different bone complications, such as local and systemic bone loss and new bone formation. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, especially considering their role in the pathogenesis of bone complications typical of these conditions.
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Vasileiadis GK, Lundell AC, Zhang Y, Andersson K, Gjertsson I, Rudin A, Maglio C. Adipocytokines in Untreated Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Circulating Chemokines and Markers of Inflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020325. [PMID: 33669910 PMCID: PMC7924659 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are adipocytokines whose levels are elevated in blood and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their role in RA pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we examined whether adipocytokines are associated with circulating chemokines, markers of inflammation and RA disease activity in patients with untreated newly diagnosed RA. Plasma levels of 15 chemokines, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were measured using flow cytometry bead-based immunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cohort of 70 patients with untreated newly diagnosed RA. Markers of inflammation and disease activity were also assessed in all patients. Positive association was found between total adiponectin and CXCL10 (β = 0.344, p = 0.021), CCL2 (β = 0.342, p = 0.012), and CXCL9 (β = 0.308, p = 0.044), whereas high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin associated only with CXCL9 (β = 0.308, p = 0.033). Furthermore, both total and HMW adiponectin were associated with C-reactive protein (β = 0.485, p = 0.001; β = 0.463, p = 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (β = 0.442, p = 0.001; β = 0.507, p < 0.001). Leptin and resistin were not associated with plasma chemokines, markers of inflammation, or disease activity scores. Our study shows an association between circulating adiponectin and pro-inflammatory chemokines involved in RA pathogenesis as well as markers of inflammation in a well-characterized cohort of patients with untreated newly diagnosed RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K. Vasileiadis
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina Maglio
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.K.V.); (A.-C.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.A.); (I.G.); (A.R.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Dessie G, Ayelign B, Akalu Y, Shibabaw T, Molla MD. Effect of Leptin on Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Insights to Therapeutic Target to Prevent Further Cardiovascular Complication. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3307-3322. [PMID: 34305402 PMCID: PMC8296717 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s321311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to obesity-associated chronic inflammatory disorders, adipose tissue releases a biologically active peptide known as leptin. Leptin activates the secretion of chemical mediators, which contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis. Conversely, adiposity and obesity are the major aggravating risk factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type II diabetes mellitus and obesity-associated hypertension. Elevated level of leptin in obesity-associated hypertension causes an increase in the production of aldosterone, which also results in elevation of arterial blood pressure. Hyperleptinemia is associated with the progress of the atherosclerosis through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-17, and other cytokines to promote inflammation. The release of those cytokines leads to chronic inflammatory disorders and obesity-associated MetS. Thus, the aberrant leptin level in both MetS and chronic inflammatory disorders also leads to the complication of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therapeutic target of leptin regarding its pro-inflammatory effect and dysregulated sympathetic nervous system activity may prevent further cardiovascular complication. This review mainly assesses the mechanism of leptin on the pathogenesis and further cardiovascular risk complication of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gashaw Dessie Tel +251 975152796 Email
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Toussirot E. Mini-Review: The Contribution of Adipokines to Joint Inflammation in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606560. [PMID: 33424772 PMCID: PMC7786430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) are complex disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and related skeletal structures. The most common forms of IRD are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), including axial SpA (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in RA and PsA, and to a lesser extend in axial SpA. The association between obesity and IRD may be explained by the release from fat tissue of several bioactive proteins, namely adipokines. Adipokines are involved in the regulation of various processes such as lipid or glucose metabolism, but also inflammation. Adipokines are interrelated with the immune system, with both innate and adaptive immune cell connections. Several adipokines with pro-inflammatory effects have been identified such as leptin, visfatin or resistin. Conversely, adiponectin and more specifically its low molecular weight isoform, is considered to have antiinflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the contribution of adipokines to the joint inflammation of IRD, the relation they have with immune pathways of these diseases, their links with the structural impact on peripheral joints and/or axial skeleton, and also the influence they may have on the cardiometabolic risk of IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Toussirot
- INSERM CIC-1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Pôle Recherche, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Rhumatologie, Pôle PACTE (Pathologies Aiguës Chroniques Transplantation Éducation), CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Département Universitaire de Thérapeutique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM UMR1098 « Relations Hôte Greffon Tumeurs, Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique », Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Rawal K, Purohit KM, Patel TP, Karont N, Gupta S. Resistin mitigates stemness and metabolic profile of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via insulin resistance. Cytokine 2020; 138:155374. [PMID: 33271386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During obesity adipose tissue abundantly secrete pro-inflammatory adipokines like Tumour Necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), resistin, leptin, etc. but reduced anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4. In our recent clinical study, it was observed that both gene expressions and stored levels of resistin were elevated in adipose tissue of metabolically obese Indians. Resistin profoundly increases obesity, mitigates lipid metabolism, and causes peripheral insulin resistance. It dysregulates the metabolism of human adipocytes but, its effects on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSC) are sparsely explored. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the repercussion of resistin on stemness and metabolic profile of hADSC. hADSC were isolated from a healthy individual followed by immunophenotyping. Purified cells were treated with resistin and proliferation was monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Cell Cycle experiments. Gene expressions of pluripotent markers, inflammatory mediators, and lipogenic genes were scrutinized. Insulin sensitivity was examined by western blot and glucose uptake assay. Further, consequences of resistin on differentiation potentials of hADSC were examined by temporal expressions of phospho (p)SMAD1/5/8 protein complex, non-phosphorylated beta (β) catenin, and their dependent adipogenic transcription factors (ATF) and osteogenic transcription factors (OTF). MTT and cell cycle analysis revealed that resistin hampered proliferation of hADSC. Expressions of inflammatory markers and lipogenic genes were elevated. Resistin impaired insulin sensitivity and thus embarked insulin resistance in hADSC. Resistin increased adipogenesis and osteogenesis by altering expressions of activated pSMAD1/5/8 complex, activated β catenin, ATF and OTF temporally. Downregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP)α and adiponectin in adipocytes and Sirtuin (SIRT)1 in osteocytes denote that resistin induces immaturity and insulin resistance in adipocytes and osteocytes. This is the first study which, reports that resistin mitigates the stemness of hADSC by reducing proliferation, inducing insulin resistance, and hampering maturation of adipocyte and osteocyte which could lead to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Rawal
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kishan M Purohit
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar P Patel
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Karont
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sarita Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218265. [PMID: 33158216 PMCID: PMC7662687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the affected conditions, the cells of the synovial membrane, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage-like synovial cells, produce enzymes degrading cartilage and underlining bone tissue, as well as cytokines increasing the infiltration of immune cells. In patients with RA, higher levels of adiponectin are measured in the serum and synovial fluid. Adiponectin, a secretory product that is mainly white adipose tissue, is a multifunctional protein with dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Several studies underline the fact that adiponectin can play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA via stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. This narrative review is devoted to the presentation of recent knowledge on the role played by one of the adipokines produced by adipose tissue—adiponectin—in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Law YY, Lin YM, Liu SC, Wu MH, Chung WH, Tsai CH, Fong YC, Tang CH, Wang CK. Visfatin increases ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by reducing miR-320a expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18635-18648. [PMID: 32991325 PMCID: PMC7585076 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological events that modulate the progression of structural changes in osteoarthritis (OA) include monocyte adhesion and infiltration, and synovial inflammation. In particular, the adhesion protein intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (ICAM-1) promotes monocyte recruitment into the synovial tissue. Visfatin is an adipocyte hormone that promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines during OA progression. We report that visfatin enhances ICAM-1 expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) and facilitates the adhesion of monocytes with OASFs. AMPK and p38 inhibitors, as well as their respective siRNAs, attenuated the effects of visfatin upon ICAM-1 synthesis and monocyte adhesion. We also describe how miR-320a negatively regulates visfatin-induced promotion of ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. We detail how visfatin affects ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion with OASFs by inhibiting miR-320a synthesis via the AMPK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Yin Law
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huan Wu
- Physical Education Office, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan,Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen WC, Lu YC, Kuo SJ, Lin CY, Tsai CH, Liu SC, Chen YL, Wang SW, Tang CH. Resistin enhances IL-1β and TNF-α expression in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting miR-149 expression via the MEK and ERK pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:13671-13684. [PMID: 32790946 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001071r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine that promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which are critical pro-inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. We describe evidence of significantly higher levels of resistin, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in OA knee synovial tissue compared with that from non-OA knees. Resistin-induced enhancement of IL-1β and TNF-α expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) were attenuated by MEK and ERK inhibitors, as well as their respective siRNAs. Our data reveal that resistin enhances the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in OASFs by inhibiting miR-149 expression via MEK and ERK signaling. Our findings elucidate the inter-relationships between resistin and pro-inflammatory mediators during OA pathogenesis and could help to facilitate the development of synovium-targeted therapy in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Adipokines and periodontal markers as risk indicators of early rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1685-1695. [PMID: 32740810 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the association between adipokine levels and markers of periodontal involvement as risk indicators of early stages of RA (eRA) and the interaction between the presence of markers of periodontal disease with adipokine in eRA individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of eRA and 51 healthy controls matched for age and sex were studied. Clinical joint condition, clinical and serological markers of disease activity, serum adipokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, adipsin, vaspin, and IL-6), periodontal diagnosis, presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, and related IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were evaluated. Comparisons were made between eRA and healthy controls for periodontal indicators and adipokines. A subgroup analysis was realized with a non-conditional logistic regression to establish the association between the levels of leptin in individuals with eRA and controls according to the periodontal condition, presence of P. gingivalis, or high titers of IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis. RESULTS The condition of overweight or obesity is associated with the diagnosis of eRA (p = 0.05), and these individuals also have higher levels of leptin (p = 0.001) and vaspin (p = 0.007). Higher frequency of P. gingivalis (p = 0.001) was found in the eRa group. Individuals with eRA with higher IgG2 titers against P. gingivalis had higher levels of leptin (OR: 1.66 (CI 95% 1.01-2.73)); however, individuals with periodontitis or P. gingivalis with eRA were associated with highest levels of leptin (OR: 1.86, CI 95% 1.19-24.3; and OR: 2.04, CI 95% 1.37-3 respectively). CONCLUSIONS eRA individuals have high levels of leptin and vaspin. However, the presence of periodontitis and related-periodontal disease markers showed an effect only in leptin levels in eRA individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Emphasizing in personalized medicine, monitoring serum leptin levels and periodontitis markers can improve the early diagnosis of RA.
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Tsai CH, Liu SC, Chung WH, Wang SW, Wu MH, Tang CH. Visfatin Increases VEGF-dependent Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells during Osteoarthritis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051315. [PMID: 32466159 PMCID: PMC7291153 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) pannus contains a network of neovascularization that is formed and maintained by angiogenesis, which is promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in VEGF-induced vessel formation in OA. The adipokine visfatin stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines during OA progression. In this study, we found significantly higher visfatin and VEGF serum concentrations in patients with OA compared with healthy controls. We describe how visfatin enhanced VEGF expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) and facilitated EPC migration and tube formation. Treatment of OASFs with PI3K and Akt inhibitors or siRNAs attenuated the effects of visfatin on VEGF synthesis and EPC angiogenesis. We also describe how miR-485-5p negatively regulated visfatin-induced promotion of VEGF expression and EPC angiogenesis. In our OA rat model, visfatin shRNA was capable of inhibiting visfatin and rescuing EPC angiogenesis and pathologic changes. We detail how visfatin affected VEGF expression and EPC angiogenesis in OASFs by inhibiting miR-485-5p synthesis through the PI3K and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Hui Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huan Wu
- Physical Education Office, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (C.-H.T.)
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Chang TK, Wang YH, Kuo SJ, Wang SW, Tsai CH, Fong YC, Wu NL, Liu SC, Tang CH. Apelin enhances IL-1β expression in human synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting miR-144-3p through the PI3K and ERK pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9224-9239. [PMID: 32420902 PMCID: PMC7288923 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Much data suggests intersecting activities between the adipokine apelin (APLN) and the pathologic processes of obesity and osteoarthritis (OA), with APLN modulating cartilage, synovium, bone, and various immune cell activities. The synovium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. We investigated the crosstalk between APLN, a major OA-related adipokine, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), a major proinflammatory cytokine, in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). We showed that APLN stimulated the synthesis of IL-1β in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was mitigated by blockade of the PI3K and ERK pathway. We also showed that APLN inhibited the expression of miRNA-144-3p, which blocks IL-1β transcription; this suppression activity was reversed via blockade of the PI3K and ERK pathway. Moreover, pathologic changes in OA cartilage were rescued when APLN was silenced by shAPLN transfection both in vitro and in vivo. Our evidence is the first to show that APLN stimulates the expression of IL-1β by activating the PI3K and ERK pathway and suppressing downstream expression of miRNA-144-3p in OASFs. We also demonstrate that knockdown of APLN expression by shAPLN transfection ameliorated changes in OA cartilage severity. These results shed light on OA pathogenesis and suggest a novel treatment pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Chang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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巩 朝, 赵 光, 向 高, 刘 开, 张 海. [Research progress on the role of adipokines in intervertebral disc degeneration]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:399-403. [PMID: 32174090 PMCID: PMC8171637 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201906004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the research progress of the role and mechanism of adipokines in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in recent years. METHODS The domestic and foreign literature related to adipokines in the process of IVDD was extensively reviewed. The types and functions of adipokines, the role and mechanism in the process of IVDD, and the application prospects of intervertebral disc biotherapy were reviewed. RESULTS As a kind of bioactive substance secreted by adipose tissue, adipokine plays an important role in bone and joint diseases, metabolic diseases, and breast cancer. During IVDD, most adipokines can activate multiple signaling pathways by binding to autoreceptors, cause the proliferation and apoptosis of cells and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors parasecretions in the intervertebral disc, and lead to imbalance of intradiscal metabolism and establishment of the initial inflammatory environment, and finally cause the IVDD. CONCLUSION Adipokines, as a biologically active substance with metabolic and immunomodulatory functions, play important roles in the occurrence, development, and biological treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- 朝阳 巩
- 兰州大学第二医院骨科 甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室(兰州 730000)Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - 光海 赵
- 兰州大学第二医院骨科 甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室(兰州 730000)Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - 高 向
- 兰州大学第二医院骨科 甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室(兰州 730000)Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - 开鑫 刘
- 兰州大学第二医院骨科 甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室(兰州 730000)Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - 海鸿 张
- 兰州大学第二医院骨科 甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室(兰州 730000)Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
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Wang YH, Kuo SJ, Liu SC, Wang SW, Tsai CH, Fong YC, Tang CH. Apelin Affects the Progression of Osteoarthritis by Regulating VEGF-Dependent Angiogenesis and miR-150-5p Expression in Human Synovial Fibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030594. [PMID: 32131466 PMCID: PMC7140420 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovium-induced angiogenesis is central to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis and thus a promising therapeutic target. The adipokine apelin (APLN) is involved in both OA pathogenesis and angiogenesis. We examined the role of APLN in synovium-induced angiogenesis by investigating the crosstalk between APLN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). We found higher levels of APLN and VEGF expression in OA samples compared with normal samples. APLN-induced stimulation of VEGF expression and VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in OASFs was mitigated by FAK/Src/Akt signaling. APLN also inhibited levels of microRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p), which represses VEGF production and angiogenesis. Analyses of an OA animal model showed that shAPLN transfection of OASFs rescued pathologic changes in OA cartilage and histology. Here, we found APLN enhances VEGF expression and angiogenesis via FAK/Src/Akt cascade and via downstream suppression of miR-150-5p expression. These findings help to clarify the pathogenesis of adipokine-induced angiogenesis in OA synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.F.)
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7726)
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Nesfatin-1 suppresses interleukin-1β-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and cartilage matrix destruction in chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1760-1777. [PMID: 32003758 PMCID: PMC7053635 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease, related to the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), inflammation, and chondrocyte apoptosis. Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine, which plays an important role in the development of OA, especially in obese people. In the present study, cartilage degradation and apoptosis observed in OA patients was evaluated. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of nesfatin-1, and its underlying in vitro and in vivo mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that nesfatin-1 increased significantly the expression of collagen type II alpha 1 chain (Col2a1), and reduced the expression of MMPs, ADAMTS5, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, caspase-3, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and chondrocyte apoptosis rate, which may be induced by IL-1β in rat chondrocytes. Furthermore, nesfatin-1 treatment prevented cartilage degeneration in the rat OA model. It was found that nesfatin-1 suppressed the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the Bax/Bcl-2 signal pathway in chondrocytes. These results suggest that in vivo nesfatin-1 could play a protective role in the development of OA and can be potentially used for its treatment.
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Sansone V, Applefield RC, De Luca P, Pecoraro V, Gianola S, Pascale W, Pascale V. Does a high-fat diet affect the development and progression of osteoarthritis in mice?: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2020; 8:582-592. [PMID: 31934329 PMCID: PMC6946912 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.812.bjr-2019-0038.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for evidence of the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the onset or progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to find all studies on mice investigating the effects of HFD or Western-type diet on OA when compared with a control diet (CD). The primary outcome was the determination of cartilage loss and alteration. Secondary outcomes regarding local and systemic levels of proteins involved in inflammatory processes or cartilage metabolism were also examined when reported. Results In total, 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Our meta-analysis showed that, when measured by the modified Mankin Histological-Histochemical Grading System, there was a significantly higher rate of OA in mice fed a HFD than in mice on a CD (standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 1.91). Using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, there was a trend towards HFD causing OA (SMD 0.78, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.61). In terms of OA progression, a HFD consistently worsened the progression of surgically induced OA when compared with a CD. Finally, numerous inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and leptin, among others, were found to be altered by a HFD. Conclusion A HFD seems to induce or exacerbate the progression of OA in mice. The metabolic changes and systemic inflammation brought about by a HFD appear to be key players in the onset and progression of OA. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res 2019;8:582–592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sansone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universitá degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Pecoraro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense di Baggiovra, Baggiovara, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Pascale
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universitá degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Alissa EM, Alzughaibi LS, Marzouki ZM. Relationship between serum resistin, body fat and inflammatory markers in females with clinical knee osteoarthritis. Knee 2020; 27:45-50. [PMID: 31926675 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipokines have gained much interest in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis studies over the past years in that they play crucial roles in bone and cartilage homeostasis. Obesity is known to be one of the well-recognized and modifiable causes of OA burden. Key mediators in this metabolic link between obesity and OA could be resistin, among other cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum resistin with obesity, and inflammation in female patients with knee OA. METHODS One hundred female participants, aged above 40 years, with symptomatic primary knee OA were matched for age with 100 apparently healthy females in a case-control study design. All study participants were subjected to clinical examination, laboratory investigations and radiological examination. RESULTS Patients with primary knee OA had elevated levels of serum resistin compared with healthy controls. We demonstrated that elevated serum resistin positively correlated with adiposity measures, inflammatory markers and WOMAC index. High sensitivity C reactive protein was found to be an independent predictor of serum resistin levels after adjustment for confounder factors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that resistin may play an important role in the progression of knee OA and may serve as a novel and reliable biomarker for reflecting disease severity, with the potential to contribute to the fundamental processes underlying the pathogenesis of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Elemental Spectroscopy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Zuhair M Marzouki
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Guo S, Li J, Bao W, Zhang P, Huang Y, Ling P, Wang Y, Zhao Q. Effects of high-fat diet-induced adipokines and cytokines on colorectal cancer development. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:2117-2125. [PMID: 31665829 PMCID: PMC6886304 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common tumor worldwide, and recent epidemiological studies have indicated that obesity contributes to the morbidity and mortality of CRC. Furthermore, obesity‐related adipokines have been shown to be closely related to the incidence of CRC, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of high‐fat diet‐induced adipokines and cytokines on the development of CRC in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo assays, we divided 2‐week‐old C57BL/6J‐ApcMin/J male mice into three groups: normal‐fat diet (ND), high‐fat and high‐sugar feed (HFHS), and high‐fat and low‐sugar feed (HFLS). After 1 week, all mice were injected with 20 mg·kg−1 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine once weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight and blood glucose levels were greatly increased in HFHS and HFLS groups compared with the ND group, and the expression levels of some adipokines and cytokines were obviously higher in HFHS or HFLS mice compared with ND mice. For the in vitro assays, HCT116 CRC cells were treated with sera of ND, HFHS or HFLS groups, or serum‐free media as a negative control. We observed that sera derived from HFHS or HFLS mice that contain excess adipokines and cytokines promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116 cells compared with the ND sera‐conditioned medium or serum‐free medium group. Therefore, high‐fat diet‐induced adipokines and cytokines may promote the progression of CRC in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the effects of high‐fat diet‐induced adipokines and cytokines in the development of colorectal cancer. Some adipokines and cytokines were obviously higher in obese mice than in normal mice. Obesity‐induced adipokines and cytokines promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116 cells. Therefore, high‐fat diet‐induced adipokines and cytokines may accelerate the progression of colorectal cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shikui Guo
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Weimin Bao
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yingguang Huang
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ping Ling
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery I, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
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Duffles LF, Hermont AP, Abreu LG, Pordeus IA, Silva TA. Association between obesity and adipokines levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:313-324. [PMID: 31482694 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare adipokines' levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva between individuals with obesity and individuals without obesity. METHODS Computerized searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus). Manual searches and a Google Scholar search, limiting the search to the first 100 hits, were also conducted. Two calibrated authors performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included articles. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the University of Adelaide Tool. RESULTS The electronic searches retrieved 929 titles/abstracts. Following the removal of duplicated references, 613 titles/abstracts were assessed. Thirty-four articles were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration in saliva was statistically increased in individuals with obesity compared with individuals without obesity (P < 0.05). By contrast, the meta-analysis showed no difference in the concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and interleukin 6 in saliva and of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in GCF between individuals with and without obesity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with obesity presented higher levels of TNF-α in saliva than individuals without obesity. TNF-α in saliva sampling may be a helpful marker for obesity. For the other adipokines, no difference was observed, but the limited availability and heterogeneity of data do not allow us to assertively state whether changes of adipokines in GCF and saliva are associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hermont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Hoffman E, Rahat MA, Feld J, Elias M, Rosner I, Kaly L, Lavie I, Gazitt T, Zisman D. Effects of Tocilizumab, an Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody, on Serum Lipid and Adipokine Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184633. [PMID: 31540528 PMCID: PMC6770905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is a known adverse effect of tocilizumab (TCZ), an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody used in RA treatment. We aimed to assess the effect of TCZ on lipid profile and adipokine levels in RA patients. Height, weight, disease activity scores, lipid profile and atherogenic indices (AI), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and four months after initiation of TCZ in 40 RA patients and 40 healthy controls. Following TCZ treatment, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides were significantly elevated, but no significant changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and AI were observed. Compared with controls, significantly higher adiponectin levels were measured in the RA group at baseline. Following TCZ treatment, resistin levels and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio increased, adiponectin levels decreased, and leptin levels remained unchanged. No correlation was found between the change in adipokine serum levels and changes in the disease activity indices, nor the lipid profile. In conclusion, the changes observed suggest a protective role for TCZ on the metabolic and cardiovascular burden associated with RA, but does not provide a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinoar Hoffman
- Rheumatology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
- The Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Michal A Rahat
- The Immunotherapy Laboratory, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Joy Feld
- Rheumatology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
| | - Muna Elias
- Rheumatology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
| | - Itzhak Rosner
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
- Rheumatology Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel.
| | - Lisa Kaly
- Rheumatology Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel.
| | - Idit Lavie
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
| | - Tal Gazitt
- Rheumatology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
| | - Devy Zisman
- Rheumatology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel.
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
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The Adipokine Network in Rheumatic Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174091. [PMID: 31443349 PMCID: PMC6747092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of chronic disorders that commonly affect musculoskeletal structures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the two most common, leading to considerable functional limitations and irreversible disability when patients are unsuccessfully treated. Although the specific causes of many rheumatic conditions remain unknown, it is generally accepted that immune mechanisms and/or uncontrolled inflammatory responses are involved in their etiology and symptomatology. In this regard, the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune system has been demonstrated to provide a homeostatic network that is involved in several pathological conditions. Adipokines represent a wide variety of bioactive, immune and inflammatory mediators mainly released by adipocytes that act as signal molecules in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Adipokines can also be synthesized by synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and inflammatory cells in the joint microenvironment, showing potent modulatory properties on different effector cells in OA and RA pathogenesis. Effects of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin on local and systemic inflammation are broadly described. However, more recently, other adipokines, such as progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin, have been recognized to display immunomodulatory actions in rheumatic diseases. This review highlights the latest relevant findings on the role of the adipokine network in the pathophysiology of OA and RA.
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Tang CH. Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071646. [PMID: 30987068 PMCID: PMC6479975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis has a high prevalence globally and includes over 100 types, the most common of which are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory arthritis. The exact etiology of arthritis remains unclear and no cure exists. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis, but are associated with significant side effects. Novel modes of therapy and additional prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for these patients. In this editorial, the twenty articles published in the Special Issue Research of Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics in Arthritis 2019 are summarized and discussed as part of the global picture of the current understanding of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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