1
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Khan M, Hussain A, Yun BW, Mun BG. Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6799. [PMID: 38928504 PMCID: PMC11203645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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2
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Demiwal P, Nabi SU, Mir JI, Verma MK, Yadav SR, Roy P, Sircar D. Methyl jasmonate improves resistance in scab-susceptible Red Delicious apple by altering ROS homeostasis and enhancing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108371. [PMID: 38271863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is an economically important rosaceous fruit crop grown at temperate climate zones. Nevertheless, its production is severely affected by scab disease caused by the ascomycetous fungus Venturia inaequalis (VI). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a stress induced plant hormone, shown to induce resistance against wide range of pathogens. The current study investigated the role of MeJA in promoting scab tolerance in susceptible apple varieties through exogenous application of optimized (100 μM) MeJA concentration, followed by VI infection. According to our analysis, applying MeJA exogenously onto leaf surfaces resulted in increased membrane stability and decreased malondialdehyde levels in Red Delicious, suggesting that MeJA is capable of protecting tissues against oxidative damage through its role in restoring membrane stability. In addition, the changes in the levels of key antioxidative enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that exogenous MeJA maintains ROS homeostasis as well. Higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and increased accumulation of phenylpropanoids in MeJA-treated VI-infected plants indicated the MeJA reprogrammed phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway for scab tolerance. Our study of scab tolerance in apples induced by MeJA provides new insights into its physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Demiwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Javid Iqbal Mir
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Mahendra K Verma
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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3
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Pervaiz T, Park S, Rezk A, Hur M, Obenland D, Arpaia ML, El-kereamy A. Metabolomic analyses provide insights into the preharvest rind disorder in Satsuma Owari Mandarin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263354. [PMID: 37822340 PMCID: PMC10562707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit's appearance is the primary criterion used to assess its quality for the fresh market, hence the rind's condition is a crucial quality trait. Pre-harvest rind disorder is one of the major physiological problems in mandarins. The disorder occurs right before harvest following rain events in some Mandarin varieties. Despite the economic damage caused by this kind of disorder, very limited information is available about the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of this disorder. In the present study, we evaluated the primary metabolites, antioxidants, and hormones associated with the pre-harvest rind disorder in Mandarins. The study was carried out using ten-year-old 'Owari' Satsuma mandarin trees grafted on 'Carrizo' rootstock and grown in a commercial orchard in San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Samples were collected from healthy tissue of healthy fruit (HF_HT), healthy tissue of damaged fruit (DF_HT), and damaged tissue of damaged fruit (DF_DT). Damaged fruit (DF_HT and DF_DT) showed lower cellulose concentrations than healthy fruit tissues (HF_HT), however, had similar contents of pectin and hemicellulose. The antioxidant activities showed no significant difference in all paired comparisons between samples as expressed in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, DF_DT had a higher H2O2 content compared to HF_HT, but DF_HT had a similar content to that of HF_HT. Furthermore, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were increased in DF_DT compared to HF_HT (P = 0.0294) and DF_HT (P = 0.0044), respectively. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 76 metabolites were identified in Satsuma rind tissues, and the relative concentrations of 43 metabolites were significantly different across studied samples. The hormonal analysis showed the involvement of jasmonate O-methyltransferase, jasmonic acid-amido synthetase JAR1-like, and JA-isoleucine may key role in causing the rind disorder in mandarins. In addition, the damaged fruit tissues have a higher level of jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and JA-isoleucine than undamaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Suejin Park
- Department of Horticulture, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Alaaeldin Rezk
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - David Obenland
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Mary Lu Arpaia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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4
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Proietti S, Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Pascale A, Bizzarri E, Morales-Sanfrutos J, Sabidó E, Ruocco M, Monti MM, Russo A, Dziurka K, Ceci M, Loreto F, Caruso C. Beauveria bassiana rewires molecular mechanisms related to growth and defense in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4225-4243. [PMID: 37094092 PMCID: PMC10400115 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots can exploit beneficial associations with soil-inhabiting microbes, promoting growth and expanding the immune capacity of the host plant. In this work, we aimed to provide new information on changes occurring in tomato interacting with the beneficial fungus Beauveria bassiana. The tomato leaf proteome revealed perturbed molecular pathways during the establishment of the plant-fungus relationship. In the early stages of colonization (5-7 d), proteins related to defense responses to the fungus were down-regulated and proteins related to calcium transport were up-regulated. At later time points (12-19 d after colonization), up-regulation of molecular pathways linked to protein/amino acid turnover and to biosynthesis of energy compounds suggests beneficial interaction enhancing plant growth and development. At the later stage, the profile of leaf hormones and related compounds was also investigated, highlighting up-regulation of those related to plant growth and defense. Finally, B. bassiana colonization was found to improve plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea, impacting plant oxidative damage. Overall, our findings further expand current knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of B. bassiana in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gaia Salvatore Falconieri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alberto Pascale
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Bizzarri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Julia Morales-Sanfrutos
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Maurilia M Monti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Assunta Russo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcello Ceci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Via Cinthia, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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5
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Wang S, Sun X, Miao X, Mo F, Liu T, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Glutathione Peroxidase-like Enzyme Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11078. [PMID: 37446254 PMCID: PMC10342349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-like enzyme is an important enzymatic antioxidant in plants. It is involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species, which can effectively prevent oxidative damage and improve resistance. GPXL has been studied in many plants but has not been reported in potatoes, the world's fourth-largest food crop. This study identified eight StGPXL genes in potatoes for the first time through genome-wide bioinformatics analysis and further studied the expression patterns of these genes using qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of StGPXL1 was significantly upregulated under high-temperature stress, indicating its involvement in potato defense against high-temperature stress, while the expression levels of StGPXL4 and StGPXL5 were significantly downregulated. The expression of StGPXL1, StGPXL2, StGPXL3, and StGPXL6 was significantly upregulated under drought stress, indicating their involvement in potato defense against drought stress. After MeJA hormone treatment, the expression level of StGPXL6 was significantly upregulated, indicating its involvement in the chemical defense mechanism of potatoes. The expression of all StGPXL genes is inhibited under biotic stress, which indicates that GPXL is a multifunctional gene family, which may endow plants with resistance to various stresses. This study will help deepen the understanding of the function of the potato GPXL gene family, provide comprehensive information for the further analysis of the molecular function of the potato GPXL gene family as well as a theoretical basis for potato molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.W.); (X.S.); (X.M.); (F.M.); (T.L.)
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6
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Sun C, Shen X, Zhang Y, Song T, Xu L, Xiao J. Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench against PAH Contaminations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11020. [PMID: 37446196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. Here, the responses of E. purpurea to a defined mixture of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) at different concentrations or a natural mixture from an oilfield site with a history of several decades were studied based on transcriptomics sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics approaches. The results showed that upon 60-day PAH exposure, the growth of E. purpurea in terms of biomass (p < 0.01) and leaf area per plant (p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with total PAH concentration and significantly reduced at high PAH level. The majority of genes were switched on and metabolites were accumulated after exposure to PHE + PYR, but a larger set of genes (3964) or metabolites (208) showed a response to a natural PAH mixture in E. purpurea. The expression of genes involved in the pathways, such as chlorophyll cycle and degradation, circadian rhythm, jasmonic acid signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism, was remarkably regulated, enhancing the ability of E. purpurea to adapt to PAH exposure. Tightly associated with transcriptional regulation, metabolites mainly including sugars and secondary metabolites, especially those produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and their derivatives, were increased to fortify the adaptation of E. purpurea to PAH contamination. These results suggest that E. purpurea has a positive defense mechanism against PAHs, which opens new avenues for the research of phytoremediation mechanism and improvement of phytoremediation efficiency via a mechanism-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiangbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Outstanding Innovation Team, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianshu Song
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Lingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Junyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
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7
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Pankaew C, Supdensong K, Tothong C, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Kongbangkerd A, Limmongkon A. Combining elicitor treatment of chitosan, methyl jasmonate, and cyclodextrin to induce the generation of immune response bioactive peptides in peanut hairy root culture. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111670. [PMID: 36914116 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous peptides from peanut hairy root culture were induced upon elicitor treatment with chitosan (CHT), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and cyclodextrin (CD): CHT+MeJA+CD. The peptides secreted into the liquid culture medium play an important role in plant signaling and stress responses. By performing gene ontology (GO) analysis, a number of plant proteins involved in biotic and abiotic defense responses were identified, such as endochitinase, defensin, antifungal protein, cationic peroxidase and Bowman-Birk type protease inhibitor A-II. The bioactivity of 14 peptides synthesized from secretome analysis was determined. Peptide BBP1-4, derived from the diverse region of Bowman-Birk type protease inhibitor, displayed high antioxidant activity and mimicked the property of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase enzymes. The antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli was evidenced with different peptide concentrations. Additionally, peptide BBP1-4 has the potential to be a useful candidate for an immune response property, as it was found to increase the expression of some pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and stilbene biosynthesis genes in peanut hairy root tissues. The findings indicate that secreted peptides may play a role in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. These peptides, which possess bioactive properties, could be considered as potential candidates for use in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyanut Pankaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Supdensong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chonnikan Tothong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anupan Kongbangkerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Apinun Limmongkon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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8
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Yin F, Song M, Cai W, Shuai L. Methyl jasmonate treatment alleviates chilling injury and improves antioxidant system of okra pod during cold storage. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2049-2060. [PMID: 37051347 PMCID: PMC10084972 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra pod is sensitive to low temperature, which results in chilling injury under improper low-temperature storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on okra pod stored at 4 ± 1°C for 12 days and illuminate the mechanism of MeJA alleviating chilling injury. Compared to the control, MeJA treatments maintained lower relative electric conductivity (REC), chilling injury (CI) degree, and lignin content, as well as higher total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, pectin content, and chlorophyll content. The factor analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the effects of MeJA so that 1 μmol/L MeJA was screened as the optimum concentration to maintain the okra quality throughout the storage time. In contrast with control, MeJA not only accelerated the generation of antioxidant substances (phenolics and flavonoids) but also increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) activity, inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content accumulation, and the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. This work confirmed that MeJA could effectively alleviate chilling injury and maintain the quality during cold-stored by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. These results provide theoretical guidance for the application of MeJA in okra storage and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Qiumei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Feilong Yin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Mubo Song
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Wen Cai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology Hezhou University Hezhou Guangxi China
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9
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Li J, Yu H, Liu M, Chen B, Dong N, Chang X, Wang J, Xing S, Peng H, Zha L, Gui S. Transcriptome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors and their expression profiles in response to methyl jasmonate in Platycodon grandiflorus. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2089473. [PMID: 35730590 PMCID: PMC9225661 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2089473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus, a perennial flowering plant widely distributed in China and South Korea, is an excellent resource for both food and medicine. The main active compounds of P. grandiflorus are triterpenoid saponins. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are among the largest gene families in plants and play an important role in regulating plant terpenoid accumulation, physiological metabolism, and stress response. Numerous studies have been reported on other medicinal plants; however, little is known about WRKY genes in P. grandiflorus. In this study, 27 PgWRKYs were identified in the P. grandiflorus transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PgWRKY genes were clustered into three main groups and five subgroups. Transcriptome analysis showed that the PgWRKY gene expression patterns in different tissues differed between those in Tongcheng City (Southern Anhui) and Taihe County (Northern Anhui). Gene expression analysis based on RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis showed that most PgWRKY genes were expressed after induction with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Co-expressing PgWRKY genes with triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway genes revealed four PgWRKY genes that may have functions in triterpenoid biosynthesis. Additionally, functional annotation and protein-protein interaction analysis of PgWRKY proteins were performed to predict their roles in potential regulatory networks. Thus, we systematically analyzed the structure, evolution, and expression patterns of PgWRKY genes to provide an important theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular basis and regulatory mechanism of WRKY TFs in triterpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jutao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shihai Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Dao-Di, Beijing, Hebei, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine resources, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- CONTACT Liangping Zha College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Shuangying Gui College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, Chinai
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10
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Li Q, Du W, Tian X, Jiang W, Zhang B, Wang Y, Pang Y. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the HAK gene family in response to abiotic stresses in Medicago. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:791. [PMID: 36456911 PMCID: PMC9714174 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter (HAK) family plays a vital role in K+ uptake and transport as well as in salt and drought stress responses. In the present study, we identified 22 HAK genes in each Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa genome. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these HAK proteins could be divided into four clades, and the members of the same subgroup share similar gene structure and conserved motifs. Many cis-acting elements related with defense and stress were found in their promoter region. In addition, gene expression profiles analyzed with genechip and transcriptome data showed that these HAK genes exhibited distinct expression pattern in different tissues, and in response to salt and drought treatments. Furthermore, co-expression analysis showed that 6 homologous HAK hub gene pairs involved in direct network interactions. RT-qPCR verified that the expression level of six HAK gene pairs was induced by NaCl and mannitol treatment to different extents. In particular, MtHK2/7/12 from M. truncatula and MsHAK2/6/7 from M. sativa were highly induced. The expression level of MsHAK1/2/11 determined by RT-qPCR showed significantly positive correlation with transcriptome data. In conclusion, our study shows that HAK genes play a key role in response to various abiotic stresses in Medicago, and the highly inducible candidate HAK genes could be used for further functional studies and molecular breeding in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China ,grid.413251.00000 0000 9354 9799West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xinge Tian
- grid.262246.60000 0004 1765 430XQinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, 810016 Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.413251.00000 0000 9354 9799West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- grid.413251.00000 0000 9354 9799West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 830052 Urumqi, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
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11
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Bertini L, Proietti S, Fongaro B, Holfeld A, Picotti P, Falconieri GS, Bizzarri E, Capaldi G, Polverino de Laureto P, Caruso C. Environmental Signals Act as a Driving Force for Metabolic and Defense Responses in the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3176. [PMID: 36432905 PMCID: PMC9695728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, plants have faced countless stresses of both biotic and abiotic nature developing very effective mechanisms able to perceive and counteract adverse signals. The biggest challenge is the ability to fine-tune the trade-off between plant growth and stress resistance. The Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis has managed to survive the adverse environmental conditions of the white continent and can be considered a wonderful example of adaptation to prohibitive conditions for millions of other plant species. Due to the progressive environmental change that the Antarctic Peninsula has undergone over time, a more comprehensive overview of the metabolic features of C. quitensis becomes particularly interesting to assess its ability to respond to environmental stresses. To this end, a differential proteomic approach was used to study the response of C. quitensis to different environmental cues. Many differentially expressed proteins were identified highlighting the rewiring of metabolic pathways as well as defense responses. Finally, a different modulation of oxidative stress response between different environmental sites was observed. The data collected in this paper add knowledge on the impact of environmental stimuli on plant metabolism and stress response by providing useful information on the trade-off between plant growth and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Aleš Holfeld
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabetta Bizzarri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gloria Capaldi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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12
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Kumar R, Bahuguna RN, Tiwari M, Pal M, Chinnusamy V, Sreeman S, Muthurajan R, Krishna Jagadish SV. Walking through crossroads-rice responses to heat and biotic stress interactions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4065-4081. [PMID: 35713657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice, the most important source of calories for humans is prone to severe yield loss due to changing climate including heat stress. Additionally, rice encounters biotic stresses in conjunction with heat stress, which exacerbates the adverse effects, and exponentially increase such losses. Several investigations have identified biotic and heat stress-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that may contribute to improved tolerance to these stresses. However, a significant knowledge gap exists in identifying the genomic regions imparting tolerance against combined biotic and heat stress. Hereby, we are presenting a conceptual meta-analysis identifying genomic regions that may be promising candidates for enhancing combined biotic and heat stress tolerance in rice. Fourteen common genomic regions were identified along chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10 and 12, which harbored 1265 genes related to heat stress and defense responses in rice. Further, the meta expression analysis revealed 24 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in calcium-mediated stress signaling including transcription factors Myb, bHLH, ROS signaling, molecular chaperones HSP110 and pathogenesis related proteins. Additionally, we also proposed a hypothetical model based on GO and MapMan analysis representing the pathways intersecting heat and biotic stresses. These DEGs can be potential candidate genes for improving tolerance to combined biotic and heat stress in rice. We present a framework highlighting plausible connecting links (QTLs/genes) between rice response to heat stress and different biotic factors associated with yield, that can be extended to other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Rajeev N Bahuguna
- Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sheshshayee Sreeman
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Sabater-Jara AB, Marín-Marín MJ, Almagro L, Pedreño MA. Cyclodextrins Increase Triterpene Production in Solanum lycopersicum Cell Cultures by Activating Biosynthetic Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2782. [PMID: 36297806 PMCID: PMC9609435 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom suspension-cultured cells were used to analyze the effect of different elicitors including β-cyclodextrins (CD), methyl jasmonate (MJ), β-glucan (Glu) and 3-hexenol (Hex) separately and the combined treatments of CD + MJ, CD + glu and CD + Hex on triterpene compound production after 24, 72 and 96 h. Moreover, we studied the changes induced by elicitors in the expression of key biosynthetic genes to elucidate the regulation of the triterpene biosynthetic pathway. The relative abundance of the triterpene compounds identified in the extracellular medium after elicitation (squalene, fucosterol, avenasterol, β-sitosterol, cycloartenol and taraxasterol) was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and the expression level of genes in treated-cells was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that, in CD-treated cells (CD, CD + MJ, CD + Glu, CD + Hex), specialized metabolites were accumulated mainly in the extracellular medium after 72 h of elicitation. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest triterpene levels in CD-treated cells (CD, CD + MJ, CD + Glu, CD + Hex) were highly correlated with the expression of cycloartenol synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and squalene epoxidase genes at 24 h of treatment, whereas the expression of sterol methyltransferase was increased at 72 h. According to our findings, CD acts as a true elicitor of triterpene biosynthesis and can promote the release of bioactive compounds from the tomato cells into the extracellular medium. The results obtained provide new insights into the regulation of the triterpene metabolic pathway, which might be useful for implementing metabolic engineering techniques in tomato.
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Danova K, Motyka V, Trendafilova A, Dobrev PI, Ivanova V, Aneva I. Evolutionary Aspects of Hypericin Productivity and Endogenous Phytohormone Pools Evidenced in Hypericum Species In Vitro Culture Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2753. [PMID: 36297777 PMCID: PMC9609395 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shoot cultures of hypericin non-producing H. calycinum L. (primitive Ascyreia section), hypericin-producing H. perforatum L., H. tetrapterum Fries (section Hypericum) and H. richeri Vill. (the evolutionarily most advanced section Drosocarpium in our study) were developed and investigated for their growth, development, hypericin content and endogenous phytohormone levels. Hypericins in wild-growing H. richeri significantly exceeded those in H. perforatum and H. tetrapterum. H. richeri also had the highest hypericin productivity in vitro in medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L N6-benzyladenine and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and H. tetrapterum-the lowest one in all media modifications. In shoot culture conditions, the evolutionarily oldest H. calycinum had the highest content of salicylic acid and total jasmonates in some of its treatments, as well as dominance of the storage form of abscisic acid (ABA-glucose ester) and lowest cytokinin ribosides and cytokinin O-glucosides as compared with the other three species. In addition, the evolutionarily youngest H. richeri was characterized by the highest total amount of cytokinin ribosides. Thus, both evolutionary development and the hypericin production capacity seemed to interact closely with the physiological parameters of the plant organism, such as endogenous phytohormones, leading to the possible hypothesis that hypericin productivity may have arisen in the evolution of Hypericum as a means to adapt to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Danova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vaclav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktorya Ivanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Identification and Characterization of Abiotic Stress–Responsive NF-YB Family Genes in Medicago. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136906. [PMID: 35805915 PMCID: PMC9266772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor YB (NF-YB) are plant-specific transcription factors that play a critical regulatory role in plant growth and development as well as in plant resistance against various stresses. In this study, a total of 49 NF-YB genes were identified from the genomes of Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that all of these NF-YB members contain DNA binding domain, NF-YA interaction domain and NF-YC interaction domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these NF-YB proteins could be classified into five distinct clusters. We also analyzed the exon–intron organizations and conserved motifs of these NF-YB genes and their deduced proteins. We also found many stress-related cis-acting elements in their promoter region. In addition, analyses on genechip for M. truncatula and transcriptome data for M. sativa indicated that these NF-YB genes exhibited a distinct expression pattern in various tissues; many of these could be induced by drought and/or salt treatments. In particular, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of gene pairs MsNF-YB27/MtNF-YB15 and MsNF-YB28/MtNF-YB16 were significantly up-regulated under NaCl and mannitol treatments, indicating that they are most likely involved in salt and drought stress response. Taken together, our study on NF-YB family genes in Medicago is valuable for their functional characterization, as well as for the application of NF-YB genes in genetic breeding for high-yield and high-resistance alfalfa.
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16
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Wan S, Xin XF. Regulation and integration of plant jasmonate signaling: a comparative view of monocot and dicot. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:704-714. [PMID: 35452856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonate plays a pivotal role in various aspects of plant life, including developmental programs and defense against pests and pathogens. A large body of knowledge on jasmonate biosynthesis, signal transduction as well as its functions in diverse plant processes has been gained in the past two decades. In addition, there exists extensive crosstalk between jasmonate pathway and other phytohormone pathways, such as salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellin (GA), in co-regulation of plant immune status, fine-tuning the balance of plant growth and defense, and so on, which were mostly learned from studies in the dicotyledonous model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato but much less in monocot. Interestingly, existing evidence suggests both conservation and functional divergence in terms of core components of jasmonate pathway, its biological functions and signal integration with other phytohormones, between monocot and dicot. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on JA signal initiation, perception and regulation, and highlight the distinctive characteristics in different lineages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Nie G, Zhou J, Jiang Y, He J, Wang Y, Liao Z, Appiah C, Li D, Feng G, Huang L, Wang X, Zhang X. Transcriptome characterization of candidate genes for heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass after exogenous methyl Jasmonate application. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35151272 PMCID: PMC8840555 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a role in improving plant stress tolerance. The molecular mechanisms associated with heat tolerance mediated by MeJA are not fully understood in perennial grass species. The study was designed to explore transcriptomic mechanisms underlying heat tolerance by exogenous MeJA in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) using RNA-seq. Transcriptomic profiling was performed on plants under normal temperature (CK), high temperature for 12 h (H), MeJA pretreatment (T), MeJA pretreatment + H (T-H), respectively. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that H resulted in the most DEGs and T had the least, compared with CK. Among them, the DEGs related to the response to oxygen-containing compound was higher in CKvsH, while many genes related to photosynthetic system were down-regulated. The DEGs related to plastid components was higher in CKvsT. GO and KEGG analysis showed that exogenous application of MeJA enriched photosynthesis related pathways under heat stress. Exogenous MeJA significantly increased the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism, and decreased the expression of Chl degradation genes, as well as the expression of heat shock transcription factor - heat shock protein (HSF-HSP) network under heat stress. The results indicated that exogenous application of MeJA improved the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass by mediating expression of genes in different pathways, such as Chl biosynthesis and degradation, antioxidant enzyme system, HSF-HSP network and JAs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Nie
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zongchao Liao
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Charlotte Appiah
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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18
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Du T, Fan Y, Cao H, Song Z, Dong B, Liu T, Yang W, Wang M, Niu L, Yang Q, Meng D, Fu Y. Transcriptome analysis revealed key genes involved in flavonoid metabolism in response to jasmonic acid in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:410-422. [PMID: 34715566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important metabolites of pigeon pea in relation to its stress resistance. However, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids in pigeon pea remain unclear. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a signaling molecule associated with biosynthesis of flavonoids. In this study, after exogenous treatment of 10 mg/L MeJA, infection of pathogenic fungi to pigeon pea was alleviated and the content of flavonoids was increased. Results of gene expression and metabolic changes that were respectively analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that (1) concentrations of various flavonoids, such as genistein, apigenin, vitexin and biochanin A were significantly up-regulated; (2) 13675 differentially expressed genes were produced, mainly enriched in signal transduction and isoflavone biosynthesis pathways: (3) the expression levels of key synthase genes (CcI2'H, CcHIDH, Cc7-IOMT) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated; (4) Overexpression of CcbHLH35 significantly induced upregulation of flavonoid synthase genes and accumulation of genistein, vitexin and apigenin. Our findings reveals the pivotal roles of MeJA in synthesis and functioning of flavonoids in pigeon pea, which provide a basis for further studies on flavonoid-mediated defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Biying Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wanlong Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Meng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yujie Fu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding By Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Kosakivska IV, Vedenicheva NP, Babenko LM, Voytenko LV, Romanenko KO, Vasyuk VA. Exogenous phytohormones in the regulation of growth and development of cereals under abiotic stresses. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:617-628. [PMID: 34669126 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, among which extreme temperatures, salinity, drought, UV radiation, heavy metal pollution, etc., adversely affect the growth and yield of cereals, the most important group of monocotyledonous plants that have met the nutritional and other needs of mankind for thousands of years. To cope with stress, plants deploy certain adaptive strategies that combine morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses, and on which growth and productivity depend. An important place in the formation of such strategies is occupied by phytohormones - signaling biomolecules of a different chemical structure and physicochemical properties, which act in nanomolar concentrations and regulate most physiological and metabolic processes of plants. In this review, the latest literature data concerning the growth and development regulation by exogenous phytohormones in cereals under abiotic stresses have been analyzed and summarized. The effects of priming and foliar treatment with abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, jasmonic and salicylic acids on the cultivated cereals tolerance to different abiotic stressors are discussed. Peculiarities of bilateral and multilateral hormonal signaling in the formation of responses of cultivated cereals to abiotic stressors after application of exogenous phytohormones are considered. The issue of exogenous phytohormones effects on molecular mechanisms controlling the synthesis of endogenous hormones, their signaling and activity are singled out. It is emphasized that phytohormonal engineering opens new opportunities to increase yields and is seen as an important promising approach to overcoming the cereal losses caused by adverse external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V Kosakivska
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nina P Vedenicheva
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Lidiya M Babenko
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lesya V Voytenko
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna O Romanenko
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyna A Vasyuk
- M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st. 2, 01004, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Araújo GDS, Lopes LDS, Paula-Marinho SDO, Mesquita RO, Nagano CS, Vasconcelos FR, de Carvalho HH, Moura ADAAN, Marques EC, Gomes-Filho E. H 2O 2 priming induces proteomic responses to defense against salt stress in maize. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:33-48. [PMID: 33594577 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE H2O2 priming reprograms essential proteins' expression to help plants survive, promoting responsive and unresponsive proteins adjustment to salt stress. ABSTACRT Priming is a powerful strategy to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Despite this, there is scarce information about the mechanisms induced by H2O2 priming for salt stress tolerance, particularly on proteome modulation. Improving maize cultivation in areas subjected to salinity is imperative for the local economy and food security. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate physiological changes linked with post-translational protein events induced by foliar H2O2 priming of Zea mays plants under salt stress. As expected, salt treatment promoted a considerable accumulation of Na+ ions, a 12-fold increase. It drastically affected growth parameters and relative water content, as well as promoted adverse alteration in the proteome profile, when compared to the absence of salt conditions. Conversely, H2O2 priming was beneficial via specific proteome reprogramming, which promoted better response to salinity by 16% reduction in Na+ content and shoots growth improvement, increasing 61% in dry mass. The identified proteins were associated with photosynthesis and redox homeostasis, critical metabolic pathways for helping plants survive in saline stress by the protection of chloroplasts organization and carbon fixation, as well as state redox. This research provides new proteomic data to improve understanding and forward identifying biotechnological strategies to promote salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyedre Dos Santos Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lineker de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Department of Fishing Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fábio Roger Vasconcelos
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Boa Viagem, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elton Camelo Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Isoprene: An Antioxidant Itself or a Molecule with Multiple Regulatory Functions in Plants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050684. [PMID: 33925614 PMCID: PMC8146742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) is a small lipophilic, volatile organic compound (VOC), synthesized in chloroplasts of plants through the photosynthesis-dependent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against thermal and oxidative stresses but only about 20% of the terrestrial plants are able to synthesize isoprene. Many studies have been performed to understand the still elusive isoprene protective mechanism. Isoprene reacts with, and quenches, many harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (1O2). A role for isoprene as antioxidant, made possible by its reduced state and conjugated double bonds, has been often suggested, and sometimes demonstrated. However, as isoprene is present at very low concentrations compared to other molecules, its antioxidant role is still controversial. Here we review updated evidences on the function(s) of isoprene, and outline contrasting indications on whether isoprene is an antioxidant directly scavenging ROS, or a membrane strengthener, or a modulator of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiles (perhaps as a secondary effect of ROS removal) eventually leading to priming of antioxidant plant defenses, or a signal of stress for neighbor plants alike other VOCs, or a hormone-like molecule, controlling the metabolic flux of other hormones made by the MEP pathway, or acting itself as a growth and development hormone.
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Dash M, Somvanshi VS, Budhwar R, Godwin J, Shukla RN, Rao U. A rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola-resistant mutant rice line shows early expression of plant-defence genes. PLANTA 2021; 253:108. [PMID: 33866432 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in a mutant rice line is suggested to be conferred by higher expression of several genes putatively involved in damage-associated molecular pattern recognition, secondary metabolite biosynthesis including phytoalexins, and defence-related genes. Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as the most destructive plant-parasitic nematode disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genetic resistance to M. graminicola is one of the most effective methods for its management. A M. graminicola-resistant O. sativa ssp. indica mutant line-9 was previously identified through a forward genetic screen (Hatzade et al. Biologia 74:1197-1217, 2019). In the present study, we used RNA-Sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms conferring nematode resistance to the mutant line-9 compared to the susceptible parent JBT 36/14 at 24 h post-infection. A total of 674 transcripts were differentially expressed in line-9. Early regulation of genes putatively related to nematode damage-associated molecular pattern recognition (e.g., wall-associated receptor kinases), signalling [Nucleotide-binding, Leucine-Rich Repeat (NLRs)], pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (PR1, PR10a), defence-related genes (NB-ARC domain-containing genes), as well as a large number of genes involved in secondary metabolites including diterpenoid biosynthesis (CPS2, OsKSL4, OsKSL10, Oscyp71Z2, oryzalexin synthase, and momilactone A synthase) was observed in M. graminicola-resistant mutant line-9. It may be suggested that after the nematode juveniles penetrate the roots of line-9, early recognition of invading nematodes triggers plant immune responses mediated by phytoalexins, and other defence proteins such as PR proteins inhibit nematode growth and reproduction. Our study provides the first transcriptomic comparison of nematode-resistant and susceptible rice plants in the same genetic background and adds to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant-nematode resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Dash
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vishal Singh Somvanshi
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Roli Budhwar
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 209, 4th Cross, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - Jeffrey Godwin
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 209, 4th Cross, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - Rohit N Shukla
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 209, 4th Cross, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Liu H, Chen H, Ding G, Li K, Wang Y. Proteomic Insight into the Symbiotic Relationship of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Suillus luteus towards Developing Al-Stress Resistance. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:177. [PMID: 33672434 PMCID: PMC7926926 DOI: 10.3390/life11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming significantly impacts forest range areas by increasing soil acidification or aluminum toxicity. Aluminum (Al) toxicity retards plant growth by inhibiting the root development process, hindering water uptake, and limiting the bioavailability of other essential micronutrients. Pinus massoniana (masson pine), globally recognized as a reforestation plant, is resistant to stress conditions including biotic and abiotic stresses. This resistance is linked to the symbiotic relationship with diverse ectomycorrhizal fungal species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic regulators as expressed proteins, conferring a symbiotic relationship between Al-stress resistance and Suillus luteus in masson pine. Multi-treatment trials resulted in the identification of 12 core Al-stress responsive proteins conserved between Al stress conditions with or without S. luteus inoculation. These proteins are involved in chaperonin CPN60-2, protein refolding and ATP-binding, Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase precursor, oxidation-reduction process, and metal ion binding, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glycolytic process, and metabolic process. Furthermore, 198 Al responsive proteins were identified specifically under S. luteus-inoculation and are involved in gene regulation, metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, hydrolase activity, and peptide activity. Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, endoglucanase, putative spermidine synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, and glutathione-S-transferase were found with a significant positive expression under a combined Al and S. luteus treatment, further supported by the up-regulation of their corresponding genes. This study provides a theoretical foundation for exploiting the regulatory role of ectomycorrhizal inoculation and associated genetic changes in resistance against Al stress in masson pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
| | - Houying Chen
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Guijie Ding
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kuaifen Li
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.L.); (H.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Yao Wang
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, China;
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Abstract
Root rot diseases remain a major global threat to the productivity of agricultural crops. They are usually caused by more than one type of pathogen and are thus often referred to as a root rot complex. Fungal and oomycete species are the predominant participants in the complex, while bacteria and viruses are also known to cause root rot. Incorporating genetic resistance in cultivated crops is considered the most efficient and sustainable solution to counter root rot, however, resistance is often quantitative in nature. Several genetics studies in various crops have identified the quantitative trait loci associated with resistance. With access to whole genome sequences, the identity of the genes within the reported loci is becoming available. Several of the identified genes have been implicated in pathogen responses. However, it is becoming apparent that at the molecular level, each pathogen engages a unique set of proteins to either infest the host successfully or be defeated or contained in attempting so. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the genes and the potential mechanisms underlying resistance or susceptibility against the most investigated root rots of important agricultural crops is presented.
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Identification and validation of new reference genes for accurate quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR normalization in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis under abiotic stress conditions. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Antarctic ecotype of Colobanthus quitensis is a vascular plant highly adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Maritime Antarctica which is now facing with the rapid local warming experienced in the Antarctic Peninsula during the last decades. Thus, the identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to the adaptation to this warming trend is a new target for modern cell physiology. The selection of suitable reference genes for quantification of key stress-responsive genes through quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) is important to ensure accurate and reliable results. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of eleven candidate genes in C. quitensis under different abiotic stress conditions using geNorm and RefFinder tools. The statistical analysis showed that the appropriate reference genes varied depending on the experimental conditions, even if EF1α and PP2Acs ranked as the most stable reference genes when all stress conditions were considered. To further validate the stability of the selected reference genes, the expression patterns of C. quitensis catalase gene (CqCAT) was analyzed. The reference genes validated in this study will be useful for improving the accuracy of qRT-PCR analysis for gene expression studies of the Antarctic ecotype of C. quitensis and could be extended to other ecotypes adapted to low temperatures.
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Marzec M, Situmorang A, Brewer PB, Brąszewska A. Diverse Roles of MAX1 Homologues in Rice. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1348. [PMID: 33202900 PMCID: PMC7709044 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1)-like genes produce most of the structural diversity of strigolactones during the final steps of strigolactone biosynthesis. The diverse copies of MAX1 in Oryza sativa provide a resource to investigate why plants produce such a wide range of strigolactones. Here we performed in silico analyses of transcription factors and microRNAs that may regulate each rice MAX1, and compared the results with available data about MAX1 expression profiles and genes co-expressed with MAX1 genes. Data suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate the expression of each MAX1. Moreover, there may be novel functions for MAX1 homologues, such as the regulation of flower development or responses to heavy metals. In addition, individual MAX1s could be involved in specific functions, such as the regulation of seed development or wax synthesis in rice. Our analysis reveals potential new avenues of strigolactone research that may otherwise not be obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Brąszewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
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Johnson SN, Rowe RC, Hall CR. Aphid Feeding Induces Phytohormonal Cross-Talk without Affecting Silicon Defense against Subsequent Chewing Herbivores. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9081009. [PMID: 32784988 PMCID: PMC7464791 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prior feeding by insect herbivores frequently affects plant quality for herbivores that subsequently feed on the plant. Facilitation occurs when one herbivore improves plant quality for other herbivores, including when the former compromises plant defenses. Silicon (Si) is an important defense in grasses that increases following activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Given that aphids often stimulate the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, we hypothesized that this could reduce Si defense because of the well documented antagonistic cross-talk between SA and JA. We tested this in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon with and without Si (+Si and −Si, respectively); half of the plants were exposed to aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) and half remained aphid-free. Aphid-free and aphid-exposed plants were then fed to chewing herbivores (Helicoverpa armigera). Aphids triggered higher SA concentrations which suppressed JA concentrations but this did not affect foliar Si. Chewing herbivores triggered higher JA concentrations and induced Si uptake, regardless of previous feeding by aphids. Chewer growth rates were not impacted by prior aphid herbivory but were reduced by 75% when feeding on +Si plants. We concluded that aphids caused phytohormonal cross-talk but this was overridden by chewing herbivory that also induced Si uptake.
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A Smart Strategy to Improve t-Resveratrol Production in Grapevine Cells Treated with Cyclodextrin Polymers Coated with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040991. [PMID: 32344659 PMCID: PMC7240392 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most successfully procedures used to increase the production of t-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells is the application of cyclodextrins (CDs) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) as elicitors. In particular, β-CDs are characterized by their chemical structure which makes them special, not only by acting as elicitors, but also because they are compounds capable of trapping high added-value hydrophobic molecules such as t-resveratrol. However, the use of β-CDs as elicitors increases the production costs of this compound, making their industrial exploitation economically unfeasible. Therefore, the development of β-CDs recovery strategies is necessary to provide a viable solution to their industrial use. In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent. The polymers were coated to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and were jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Once elicitation experiments were finished, a magnet easily allowed the recovery of polymers, and t-resveratrol was extracted from them by using ethyl acetate. The results indicated that the production of t-resveratrol in the presence of free carboxymethyl-β-CDs was much lower than that found in the presence of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrins-EPI polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the maximal levels of t-resveratrol were found at 168 h of elicitation in the presence of 15 g/L hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles and MJ, and non-t-resveratrol was found in the extracellular medium, indicating that all the t-resveratrol produced by the cells and secreted into the culture medium was trapped by the polymer and extracted from it. This work also showed that polymers can be regenerated and reused during three cycles of continuous elicitation since the induction and adsorption capacity of hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles after these cycles of elicitation remained high, allowing high concentrations of t-resveratrol to be obtained.
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Gomi K. Jasmonic Acid: An Essential Plant Hormone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041261. [PMID: 32070064 PMCID: PMC7072857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Gomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
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Ho TT, Murthy HN, Park SY. Methyl Jasmonate Induced Oxidative Stress and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030716. [PMID: 31979071 PMCID: PMC7037436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, plant secondary metabolites are considered as important sources of pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, cosmetics, and other industrial products. The accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cell and organ cultures often occurs when cultures are subjected to varied kinds of stresses including elicitors or signal molecules. Application of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is responsible for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent defence mechanisms in cultured cells and organs. It is also responsible for the induction of signal transduction, the expression of many defence genes followed by the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this review, the application of exogenous MJ elicitation strategies on the induction of defence mechanism and secondary metabolite accumulation in cell and organ cultures is introduced and discussed. The information presented here is useful for efficient large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites by the plant cell and organ cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | | | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-432-612-531
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Liu YL, Shen ZJ, Simon M, Li H, Ma DN, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Effects of H 2S on Salt Tolerance of Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010118. [PMID: 31878013 PMCID: PMC6981851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dominant mangrove species, Kandelia obovata is distributed in an intertidal marsh with an active H2S release. Whether H2S participates in the salt tolerance of mangrove plants is still ambiguous, although increasing evidence has demonstrated that H2S functions in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, NaHS was used as an H2S donor to investigate the regulatory mechanism of H2S on the salt tolerance of K. obovata seedlings by using a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis (Pn) caused by 400 mM of NaCl was recovered by the addition of NaHS (200 μM). Furthermore, the application of H2S enhanced the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the membrane lipid stability, implying that H2S is beneficial to the survival of K. obovata seedlings under high salinity. We further identified 37 differentially expressed proteins by proteomic approaches under salinity and NaHS treatments. Among them, the proteins that are related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, stress response and hormone biosynthesis were primarily enriched. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that exogenous H2S up-regulated photosynthesis and energy metabolism to help K. obovata to cope with high salinity. Specifically, H2S increased photosynthetic electron transfer, chlorophyll biosynthesis and carbon fixation in K. obovata leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the abundances of other proteins related to the metabolic pathway, such as antioxidation (ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CSD2), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)), protein synthesis (heat-shock protein (HSP), chaperonin family protein (Cpn) 20), nitrogen metabolism (glutamine synthetase 1 and 2 (GS2), GS1:1), glycolysis (phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)), and the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were increased by H2S under high salinity. These findings provide new insights into the roles of H2S in the adaptations of the K. obovata mangrove plant to high salinity environments.
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Global Proteomic Analysis Reveals Widespread Lysine Succinylation in Rice Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235911. [PMID: 31775301 PMCID: PMC6929033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation (Ksu) is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification that plays an important role in many biological processes. Although recent research has analyzed Ksu plant proteomes, little is known about the scope and cellular distribution of Ksu in rice seedlings. Here, we report high-quality proteome-scale Ksu data for rice seedlings. A total of 710 Ksu sites in 346 proteins with diverse biological functions and subcellular localizations were identified in rice samples. About 54% of the sites were predicted to be localized in the chloroplast. Six putative succinylation motifs were detected. Comparative analysis with succinylation data revealed that arginine (R), located downstream of Ksu sites, is the most conserved amino acid surrounding the succinylated lysine. KEGG pathway category enrichment analysis indicated that carbon metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism pathways were significantly enriched. Additionally, we compared published Ksu data from rice embryos with our data from rice seedlings and found conserved Ksu sites between the two rice tissues. Our in-depth survey of Ksu in rice seedlings provides the foundation for further understanding the biological function of lysine-succinylated proteins in rice growth and development.
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Proietti S, Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Baccelli I, Paccosi E, Belardo A, Timperio AM, Caruso C. GLYI4 Plays A Role in Methylglyoxal Detoxification and Jasmonate-Mediated Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100635. [PMID: 31652571 PMCID: PMC6843518 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones play a central role in various physiological functions and in mediating defense responses against (a)biotic stresses. In response to primary metabolism alteration, plants can produce also small molecules such as methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic aldehyde. MG is mostly detoxified by the combined actions of the enzymes glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII) that make up the glyoxalase system. Recently, by a genome-wide association study performed in Arabidopsis, we identified GLYI4 as a novel player in the crosstalk between jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) hormone pathways. Here, we investigated the impact of GLYI4 knock-down on MG scavenging and on JA pathway. In glyI4 mutant plants, we observed a general stress phenotype, characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness. Accumulation of MG in glyI4 plants led to lower efficiency of the JA pathway, as highlighted by the increased susceptibility of the plants to the pathogenic fungus Plectospherella cucumerina. Moreover, MG accumulation brought about a localization of GLYI4 to the plasma membrane, while MeJA stimulus induced a translocation of the protein into the cytoplasmic compartment. Collectively, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that GLYI4 is a hub in the MG and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Verbeek REM, Van Buyten E, Alam MZ, De Vleesschauwer D, Van Bockhaven J, Asano T, Kikuchi S, Haeck A, Demeestere K, Gheysen G, Höfte M, Kyndt T. Jasmonate-Induced Defense Mechanisms in the Belowground Antagonistic Interaction Between Pythium arrhenomanes and Meloidogyne graminicola in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1515. [PMID: 31824540 PMCID: PMC6883413 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Next to their essential roles in plant growth and development, phytohormones play a central role in plant immunity against pathogens. In this study we studied the previously reported antagonism between the plant-pathogenic oomycete Pythium arrhenomanes and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, two root pathogens that co-occur in aerobic rice fields. In this manuscript, we investigated if the antagonism is related to imbalances in plant hormone levels, which could be involved in activation of plant defense. Hormone measurements and gene expression analyses showed that the jasmonate (JA) pathway is induced early upon P. arrhenomanes infection. Exogenous application of methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) on the plant confirmed that JA is needed for basal defense against both P. arrhenomanes and M. graminicola in rice. Whereas M. graminicola suppresses root JA levels to increase host susceptibility, Pythium inoculation boosts JA in a manner that prohibits JA repression by the nematode in double-inoculated plants. Exogenous MeJA supply phenocopied the defense-inducing capacity of Pythium against the root-knot nematode, whereas the antagonism was weakened in JA-insensitive mutants. Transcriptome analysis confirmed upregulation of JA biosynthesis and signaling genes upon P. arrhenomanes infection, and additionally revealed induction of genes involved in biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins, consistent with strong activation of the gene encoding the JA-inducible transcriptional regulator DITERPENOID PHYTOALEXIN FACTOR. Altogether, the here-reported data indicate an important role for JA-induced defense mechanisms in this antagonistic interaction. Next to that, our results provide evidence for induced expression of genes encoding ERF83, and related PR proteins, as well as auxin depletion in P. arrhenomanes infected rice roots, which potentially further contribute to the reduced nematode susceptibility seen in double-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben E. M. Verbeek
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Buyten
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David De Vleesschauwer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Van Bockhaven
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takayuki Asano
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoshi Kikuchi
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ashley Haeck
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Tina Kyndt,
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