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Li M, Lin H, Wang C, Chen Y, Lin M, Hung YC, Lin Y, Fan Z, Wang H, Chen Y. Acidic electrolyzed-oxidizing water treatment mitigated the disease progression in Phomopsis longanae Chi-infected longans by modulating ROS and membrane lipid metabolism. Food Chem 2024; 449:139175. [PMID: 38593723 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Postharvest harmful pathogenic infestation leads to rapid decay in longan fruit. Compared with P. longanae-infected longans, AEOW alleviated fruit disease severity and diminished the O2-. production rate and MDA content. It also increased APX, CAT, and SOD activities, delayed the decrease in the levels of GSH and AsA, as well as the reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability, which resulted in a decline in membrane lipid peroxidation in P. longanae-infected longans. Additionally, AEOW reduced LOX, lipase, PI-PLC, PC-PLC, and PLD activities, maintained higher levels of PC, PI, IUFA, USFAs, and U/S, while reducing levels of PA, DAG, SFAs, and CMP. These effects alleviated membrane lipid degradation and peroxidation in P. longanae-infected longans. Consequently, AEOW effectively maintained membrane integrity via improving antioxidant capacity and suppressing membrane lipid peroxidation. This comprehensive coordination of ROS and membrane lipid metabolisms improved fruit resistance and delayed disease development in longans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yazhen Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Yifen Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Song Y, Li X, Zhang M, Xiong C. Spatial specificity of metabolism regulation of abscisic acid-imposed seed germination inhibition in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis sieb et zucc). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1417632. [PMID: 38966139 PMCID: PMC11222580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1417632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Abscisic acid (ABA) can negatively regulate seed germination, but the mechanisms of ABA-mediated metabolism modulation are not well understood. Moreover, it remains unclear whether metabolic pathways vary with the different tissue parts of the embryo, such as the radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledon. Methods In this report, we performed the first comprehensive metabolome analysis of the radicle and hypocotyl + cotyledon in Pinus koraiensis seeds in response to ABA treatment during germination. Results and discussion Metabolome profiling showed that following ABA treatment, 67 significantly differentially accumulated metabolites in the embryo were closely associated with pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, galactose metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Meanwhile, 62 metabolites in the hypocotyl + cotyledon were primarily involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. We can conclude that ABA may inhibit Korean pine seed germination primarily by disrupting the biosynthesis of certain plant hormones mediated by cysteine and methionine metabolism and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, as well as reducing the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability regulated by glutathione metabolism and shikimate pathway in radicle. ABA may strongly disrupt the structure and function of cellular membranes due to alterations in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and weaken glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the hypocotyl + cotyledon, both of which are major contributors to ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. These results highlight that the spatial modulation of metabolic pathways in Pinus koraiensis seeds underlies the germination response to ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Song
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention Laboratory of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinghuan Li
- Department of Health Management, Guiyang Institute of Information Science and Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ding T, Chen J. Salivary Protein Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-like from Grain Aphid Sitobion avenae Suppresses Wheat Defense Response and Enhances Aphid Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4579. [PMID: 38731798 PMCID: PMC11083452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphids are insect pests that suck phloem sap and introduce salivary proteins into plant tissues through saliva secretion. The effector of salivary proteins plays a key role in the modulation of host plant defense responses and enhancing aphid host adaptation. Based on previous transcriptome sequencing results, a candidate effector cyclin-dependent kinase-like (CDK) was identified from the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. In this study, the function of SaCDK in wheat defense response and the adaptation of S. avenae was investigated. Our results showed that the transient overexpression of SaCDK in tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed cell death triggered by mouse pro-apoptotic protein-BAX or Phytophthora infestans PAMP-INF1. SaCDK, delivered into wheat cells through a Pseudomonas fluorescens-mediated bacterial type III secretion system, suppressed callose deposition in wheat seedlings, and the overexpression of SaCDK in wheat significantly decreased the expression levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway-related genes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), pathogenesis-related 1 protein (PR1), lipoxygenase (LOX) and Ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD). In addition, aphid bioassay results showed that the survival and fecundity of S. avenae were significantly increased while feeding on the wheat plants carrying SaCDK. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the salivary protein SaCDK is involved in inhibiting host defense response and improving its host adaptation, which lays the foundation to uncover the mechanism of the interaction of cereal aphids and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tianbo Ding
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Julian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (Y.S.)
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Chen Z, Wang H, Tan L, Liu X. Protective Effects of Four Structurally Distinct Sanshools Ameliorate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Restoring Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:153. [PMID: 38397751 PMCID: PMC10886262 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxy-α-sanshool (HAS), hydroxy-β-sanshool (HBS), hydroxy-γ-sanshool (HRS), and γ-sanshool (RS) are the key components from the Zanthoxylum genus, processing a range of pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the protective capacities of four sanshools on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of ulcerative colitis (UC). The results showed that sanshool administration alleviated the colitis symptoms by reducing body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) score, increasing the colon length, and improving colonic injury and the change in immune organ weight. Furthermore, sanshools enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities, and RS exhibited the lowest effect on the improvement in total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and antioxidant abilities compared to the other three sanshools. The p65 nuclear factor κB (p65 NFκB) signaling pathway was inhibited to prevent hyperactivation and decreased the production of inflammatory factors. The gut barrier function in DSS-induced mice was restored by increasing goblet cell number and levels of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1), and the levels of protein in HAS and HRS groups were higher than that in the HBS group, significantly. The analysis of gut microbiota suggested that sanshool administration significantly boosted the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Alistipes and reduced the level of Buchnera in colitis mice. Collectively, the sanshool treatment could ameliorate colitis by resisting colon injury and regulating intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis; meanwhile, HRS and HAS have better improvement effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China (L.T.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China (L.T.)
| | - Lulin Tan
- Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China (L.T.)
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
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Wu Q, He Y, Cui C, Tao X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Ying T, Li L. Quantitative proteomic analysis of tomato fruit ripening behavior in response to exogenous abscisic acid. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7469-7483. [PMID: 37421609 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine how abscisic acid (ABA) affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level, mature green cherry tomato fruit were treated with ABA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) or sterile water (control, CK). The proteomes of treated fruit were analyzed and quantified using tandem mass tags (TMTs) at 7 days after treatment, and the gene transcription abundances of differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Postharvest tomato fruit underwent faster color transformation and ripening than the CK when treated with ABA. In total, 6310 proteins were identified among the CK and treatment groups, of which 5359 were quantified. Using a change threshold of 1.2 or 0.83 times, 1081 DEPs were identified. Among them, 127 were upregulated and 127 were downregulated in the ABA versus CK comparison group. According to KEGG and protein-protein interaction network analyses, the ABA-regulated DEPs were primarily concentrated in the photosynthesis system and sugar metabolism pathways, and 102 DEPs associated with phytohormones biosynthesis and signal transduction, pigment synthesis and metabolism, cell wall metabolism, photosynthesis, redox reactions, allergens and defense responses were identified in the ABA versus CK and NDGA versus CK comparison groups. CONCLUSION ABA affects tomato fruit ripening at the protein level to some extent. The results of this study provided comprehensive insights and data for further research on the regulatory mechanism of ABA in tomato fruit ripening. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan He
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Cui
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Tao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu D, Zhang Z, Li B, Tian S. PeAP1-mediated oxidative stress response plays an important role in the growth and pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0380822. [PMID: 37732795 PMCID: PMC10581040 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03808-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is the causal agent of post-harvest blue mold in various fruits and serves as a model for understanding fungal pathogenicity and mycotoxin production. The relevance of oxidative stress response in the growth and virulence of P. expansum has been largely unexplored. Here, we identify the transcriptional factor PeAP1 as a regulator of oxidative stress response in P. expansum. Gene expression and protein abundance of PeAP1, as well as its nuclear localization, are specifically induced by H2O2. Deletion of PeAP1 results in increased sensitivity to H2O2, and PeAP1 mutants exhibit a variety of defects in hyphal growth and virulence. PeAP1 prevents the accumulation of both intracellular H2O2 during vegetative growth and host-derived H2O2 during biotrophic growth. Application of an antioxidant glutathione and a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, to the PeAP1 mutant partially restored fungal growth and virulence. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 144 H2O2-induced PeAP1 target genes, including four antioxidant-related genes, PeGST1, PePrx1, PePrx2, and PeTRX2, that were also demonstrated to be involved in oxidative stress response and/or virulence. Collectively, our results demonstrate the global regulatory role of PeAP1 in response to oxidative stress and provide insights into the critical role of the PeAP1-mediated oxidative stress response to regulate growth and virulence of P. expansum. IMPORTANCE Reactive oxygen species are the core of host plant defense and also play a vital role in the successful invasion of host plants by pathogenic fungi. Despite its importance, the relevance of oxidative stress response in fungal growth and virulence is poorly understood in P. expansum. In this study, we reveal that the transcription factor PeAP1 acts as a central regulator of oxidative stress response in P. expansum and that there is a major link between PeAP1-mediated oxidative stress response and fungal growth and virulence. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we performed comparative transcriptomic studies and identified a number of H2O2-induced PeAP1 target genes, including four novel ones, PePrx1, PePrx2, PeGST1, and PeTRX2, whose functions were linked to PeAP1 and pathogenicity. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation mechanism of PeAP1 on growth and virulence, which might offer promising targets for control of blue mold and patulin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sass G, Martinez M, Kotta-Loizou I, Stevens D. AfuPmV-1-Infected Aspergillus fumigatus Is More Susceptible to Stress Than Virus-Free Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:750. [PMID: 37504738 PMCID: PMC10381315 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Aspergillus fumigatus polymycovirus 1 (AfuPmV-1) affects Aspergillus fumigatus Af293's growth in vitro, iron metabolism, resistance in intermicrobial competition with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistance to osmotic stress, and resistance to the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z. Here, we show that response to high temperature, Congo Red-induced stress, and hydrogen peroxide are also dependent on the viral infection status of A. fumigatus. AfuPmV-1- infected Af293 was more susceptible than virus-free Af293 to growth inhibition by high temperature, hydrogen peroxide, Congo Red exposure, and nutrient restriction. Increased resistance of virus-free fungus was observed when cultures were started from conidia but, in the case of high temperature and hydrogen peroxide, not when cultures were started from hyphae. This indicates that the virus impairs the stress response during the growth phase of germination of conidia and development into hyphae. In conclusion, our work indicates that AfuPmV-1 infection in A. fumigatus impairs host responses to stress, as shown by exposure to high temperature, oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide, and some cell wall stresses, as shown by exposure to Congo Red (in agreement with our previous observations using nikkomycin Z) and nutrient restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
| | - Marife Martinez
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, UK
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield AL109AB, UK
| | - David Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ji D, Liu W, Jiang L, Chen T. Cuticles and postharvest life of tomato fruit: A rigid cover for aerial epidermis or a multifaceted guard of freshness? Food Chem 2023; 411:135484. [PMID: 36682164 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruit cuticle is a specialized cell wall hydrophobic architecture covering the aerial surfaces of fruit, which forms the interface between the fruit and its environment. As a specialized seed-bearing organ, fruit utilize cuticles as physical barriers, water permeation regulator and resistance to pathogens, thus appealing extensive research interests for its potential values in developing postharvest freshness-keeping strategies. Here, we provide an overview for the composition and functions of fruit cuticles, mainly focusing on its functions in mechanical support, water permeability barrier and protection over pathogens, further introduce key mechanisms implicated in fruit cuticle biosynthesis. Moreover, currently available state-of-art techniques for examining compositional diversity and architecture of fruit are also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Xincun West Road 266, Zhangdian District, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China.
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He Y, Wu Q, Cui C, Tian Q, Zhang D, Zhang Y. ChIP-Seq Analysis of SlAREB1 Downstream Regulatory Network during Tomato Ripening. Foods 2023; 12:2357. [PMID: 37372568 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SlAREB1, a member of the abscisic acid (ABA) response element-binding factors (AREB/ABFs) family, was reported to play a crucial role in the expression of ABA-regulated downstream genes and affect the ripening of tomato fruit. However, the downstream genes of SlAREB1 are still unclear. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool and a standard method for studying the interactions between DNA and proteins at the genome-wide level. In the present study, SlAREB1 was proved to continually increase until the mature green stage and then decrease during the ripening period, and a total of 972 gene peaks were identified downstream of SlAREB1 by ChIP-seq analysis, mainly located in the intergenic and promoter regions. Further gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis revealed that the target sequence of SlAREB1 was the most involved in biological function. Kyoto Encylopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the identified genes were mainly involved in the oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis pathways, and some of them were associated with tomato phytohormone synthesis, the cell wall, pigment, and the antioxidant characteristic of the fruit as well. Based on these results, an initial model of SlAREB1 regulation on tomato fruit ripening was constructed, which provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the effects of the regulation mechanism of SlAREB1 and ABA on tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxiao Cui
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qisheng Tian
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Tian S. Histone H3K4 Methyltransferase PeSet1 Regulates Colonization, Patulin Biosynthesis, and Stress Responses of Penicillium expansum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0354522. [PMID: 36633412 PMCID: PMC9927251 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03545-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit blue mold disease and patulin contamination caused by Penicillium expansum lead to huge economic losses and food safety concerns worldwide. Many genes have been proven to be involved in the regulation of pathogenic and toxigenic processes of P. expansum. Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation is well recognized for its association with chromatin regulation and gene transcription. However, it is not clear whether H3K4 methylation is related to infection and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium. Here, we characterized PeSet1, which is responsible for H3K4me1/me2/me3 in P. expansum. The deletion of PeSet1 caused severe defects in hyphal growth, conidiation, colonization, patulin biosynthesis, and stress responses. Moreover, we demonstrated that PeSet1 is involved in the regulation of patulin biosynthesis by mediating the expression of patulin cluster genes and crucial global regulatory factors. Likewise, PeSet1 positively regulated key genes in β-1,3-glucan biosynthesis and the reactive oxygen species scavenging process to modulate cell wall integrity and oxidative stress responses, respectively. Collectively, we have proven for the first time the function of Set1 in patulin biosynthesis and the crucial role of Set1 in colonization and stress responses in P. expansum. IMPORTANCE Penicillium expansum is one of the most important plant fungal pathogens, which not only causes blue mold rot in various fruits, leading to huge decay losses, but also produces mycotoxin patulin, posing a threat to human health. Both pathogenesis and patulin biosynthesis in P. expansum are regulated by complex and sophisticated networks. We focused on the epigenetic modification and identified a conserved histone H3K4 methyltransferase PeSet1 in P. expansum. Our work revealed the important role of PeSet1 in growth, development, colonization, patulin production, and stress responses of P. expansum. In particular, we originally described the regulation of Set1 on patulin biosynthetic pathway. These findings will provide new targets for the prevention and control of blue mold disease and patulin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Feng K, Feng X, Tan W, Zheng Q, Zhong W, Liao C, Liu Y, Li S, Hu W. Development of a food preservative from sea buckthorn together with chitosan: Application in and characterization of fresh-cut lettuce storage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1080365. [PMID: 36960284 PMCID: PMC10028195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1080365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to create a novel composite food preservative for fresh-cut lettuce using flavonoids and chitosan from sea buckthorn leaves (SBL). Sea buckthorn leaves were extracted with ethanol as the extraction solvent and ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain flavonoid from sea buckthorn leaf crude (FSL), and then the FSL was secondarily purified with AB-8 resin and polyamide resin to obtain flavonoid from sea buckthorn leaf purified (FSL-1). Different concentrations of FSL-1 and chitosan were made into a composite preservative (FCCP) by magnetic stirring and other methods, containing 1% chitosan preservative (CP) alone, 0.5-2 mg/ml of FSL-1 and 1% chitosan composite preservative (FCCP-1, FCCP-2, FCCP-3, and FCCP-4), and the FSL-1 concentrations were analyzed the effect of FSL-1 concentration on the physicochemical properties of the composite preservatives, including their film-forming ability, antioxidant capacity and ability to prevent bacterial growth, was analyzed. To further investigate the effect of the combined preservatives on fresh-cut lettuce, different FCCPs were applied to the surface was stored at 4°C for 7 days. Then the changes in weight loss, hardness, browning index, total chlorophyll content, SOD and MDA were analyzed. It was used to assess the physicochemical indicators of fresh-cut lettuce throughout storage. According to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FSL-1 and chitosan interacted to form hydrogen bonds, and the contact angle and viscosity of FCCP increased on both horizontal glass and polystyrene plates, indicating the good film-forming properties of the composite preservation solution. With the diameter of the antibacterial zone of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes being (21.39 ± 0.22), (17.43 ± 0.24), (15.30 ± 0.12), and (14.43 ± 0.24) mm, respectively. It was proved that the antibacterial activity of FCCP became stronger with the increase of FSL-1 concentration and had the best antibacterial effect on S. aureus. The complex preservative showed the best scavenging effect on ferric reducing antioxidant capacity, DPPH radicals (96.64%) and 2,2'-Azinobis- (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radicals (99.42%) when FSL-1 was added at 2 mg/ml. When fresh-cut lettuce was coated with FCCP for the same storage time, various indicators of lettuce such as weight loss, hardness, browning index, SOD activity and MDA content were better than the control group showing good potential in fresh-cut vegetables and fruits preservation. FCCP holds great promise for food safety quality and shelf-life extension as a new natural food preservative. The waste utilization of sea buckthorn leaves can greatly improve his utilization and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Feng
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Feng
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijian Tan
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinhua Zheng
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shangjian Li
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhong Hu,
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Zhang S, Sun H, Wang J, Shen J, He F, Chen D, Wang Y. The Regulatory Mechanisms and Control Technologies of Chilling Injury and Fungal Diseases of Postharvest Loquat Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36559584 PMCID: PMC9784782 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Loquat is a popular fruit widely cultivated all over the world. It is rich in minerals and carotenoids and has high commercial value. At room temperature, loquat fruit is impressionable to water and nutritional losses, physical damage, and microbial decay, resulting in a short postharvest life. Low-temperature storage is routinely used to prolong the shelf life of loquat fruit; however, cold storage can also lead to lignification of flesh tissue, which is one of the major symptoms of chilling injury (CI), reducing the quality and economic value of the fruit. In addition, fruit decay caused by microbial infection is another important reason for postharvest losses of loquat. To reduce quality deterioration and optimize the postharvest storage strategies of loquat fruit, considerable progress has been made in the physiological and molecular biological studies of CI, microbial decay, and preservation technologies of loquat fruit during the postharvest phase in recent decades. This review summarizes the current research progress and provides a reference for the improvement of loquat fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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13
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Lee SA, Kim M, Kim HS, Ahn CY. Extra benefit of microalgae in raw piggery wastewater treatment: pathogen reduction. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:142. [PMID: 36045433 PMCID: PMC9429445 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring microbial communities especially focused on pathogens in newly developed wastewater treatment systems is recommended for public health. Thus, we investigated the microbial community shift in a pilot-scale microalgal treatment system for piggery wastewater. RESULTS Microalgae showed reasonable removal efficiencies for COD and ammonia, resulting in higher transparency of the final effluent. Metagenome and microbial diversity analyses showed that heterotrophic microalgal cultivation barely changed the bacterial community; however, the mixotrophic microalgal cultivation induced a sudden change. In addition, an evaluation of risk groups (RGs) of bacteria showed that raw piggery wastewater included abundant pathogens, and the microalgal treatment of the raw piggery wastewater decreased the RG2 pathogens by 63%. However, co-cultivation of microalgae and the most dominant RG2 pathogen, Oligella, showed no direct effects between them. CONCLUSIONS Thus, a microbial interaction network was constructed to elucidate algae-bacteria interrelationships, and the decrease in Oligella was indirectly connected with microalgal growth via Brevundimonas, Sphingopyxis, and Stenotrophomonas. In a validation test, 3 among 4 connecting bacterial strains exhibited inhibition zones against Oligella. Therefore, we showed that microalgal wastewater treatment causes a decrease in RG2 bacteria, which is an indirect impact of microalgae associated with bacteria. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Solanum lycopersicum, a Model Plant for the Studies in Developmental Biology, Stress Biology and Food Science. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162402. [PMID: 36010400 PMCID: PMC9407197 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables and other plant-derived foods contribute important ingredients for human diets, and are thus favored by consumers worldwide. Among these horticultural crops, tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family, ranks only secondary to potato (S. tuberosum L.) in yields and is widely cultivated for fresh fruit and processed foods owing to its abundant nutritional constituents (including vitamins, dietary fibers, antioxidants and pigments). Aside from its important economic and nutritional values, tomato is also well received as a model species for the studies on many fundamental biological events, including regulations on flowering, shoot apical meristem maintenance, fruit ripening, as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses (such as light, salinity, temperature and various pathogens). Moreover, tomato also provides abundant health-promoting secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc.), making it an excellent source and experimental system for investigating nutrient biosynthesis and availability in food science. Here, we summarize some latest results on these aspects, which may provide some references for further investigations on developmental biology, stress signaling and food science.
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15
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Influence of a biological coating and a wax on postharvest quality of mango (Mangifera indica L) variety “Keitt”. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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The antifungal mechanisms of plant volatile compound 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5179-5196. [PMID: 35779097 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of active ingredients from plant volatile organic compounds as natural gaseous fungicides shows remarkable potential for controlling fungal decay in postharvest agroproducts. Although 1-octanol is a common component of cereal volatiles, its antifungal potency against spoilage fungi in postharvest grains remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effectiveness of 1-octanol against Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest grains and its mechanisms of action. 1-Octanol vapor and liquid contact dose-dependently inhibited A. flavus spore germination and mycelial growth at a low concentration. The simulated storage experiment demonstrated that 300 μL/L of 1-octanol vapor completely controlled A. flavus growth in wheat, corn, and paddy grains with 20% moisture content. 1-Octanol treatment irreversibly damaged the conidial and mycelial morphology of A. flavus and caused electrolyte leakage due to reduced plasma membrane integrity. It induced apoptosis along with morphological abnormalities, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and DNA fragmentation in A. flavus cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 1-octanol treatment disrupted the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, ATP-binding cassette transporters, amino acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study demonstrated the promising application potential of 1-octanol as a biofumigant for preventing fungal spoilage of postharvest cereal grains. KEY POINTS: • (1) 1-Octanol inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth in the vapor phase and liquid contact; • (2) 1-Octanol damages membrane integrity and induces apoptosis of A. flavus; • (3) Metabolomic changes in A. flavus mycelia were analyzed after 1-octanol treatment.
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17
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Zang H, Ma J, Wu Z, Yuan L, Lin ZQ, Zhu R, Bañuelos GS, Reiter RJ, Li M, Yin X. Synergistic Effect of Melatonin and Selenium Improves Resistance to Postharvest Gray Mold Disease of Tomato Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903936. [PMID: 35812947 PMCID: PMC9257244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a ubiquitous hormone molecule that is commonly distributed in nature. MT not only plays an important role in animals and humans but also has extensive functions in plants. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans, and is a beneficial element in higher plants at low concentrations. Postharvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens lead to huge economic losses worldwide. In this study, tomato fruits were treated with an optimal sodium selenite (20 mg/L) and melatonin (10 μmol/L) 2 h and were stored for 7 days at room temperature simulating shelf life, and the synergistic effects of Se and MT collectively called Se-Mel on gray mold decay in tomato fruits by Botrytis cinerea was investigated. MT did not have antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro, while Se significantly inhibited gray mold development caused by B. cinerea in tomatoes. However, the interaction of MT and Se showed significant inhibition of the spread and growth of the disease, showing the highest control effect of 74.05%. The combination of MT with Se treatment enhanced the disease resistance of fruits by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as increasing the gene expression level of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Altogether, our results indicate that the combination of MT and Se would induce the activation of antioxidant enzymes and increase the expression of PR proteins genes that might directly enhance the resistance in tomato fruit against postharvest pathogenic fungus B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilin Wu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Lin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gary S. Bañuelos
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Miao Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
- The Central Area of Anhui Province Station for Integrative Agriculture, Research Institute of New Rural Development, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Li L, Jiang K, Gao J, Zhong K, Pan M, Yan B. A multifunctional chitosan-derived conformal coating for the preservation of passion fruit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Wang YH, Dai Y, Kong WL, Zhu ML, Wu XQ. Improvement of Sphaeropsis Shoot Blight Disease Resistance by Applying the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Hymenochaete sp. Rl and Mycorrhizal Helper Bacterium Bacillus pumilus HR10 to Pinus thunbergii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1226-1234. [PMID: 35476587 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-21-0392-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMFs) form symbioses with plant roots to promote nutrient uptake by plants but it is controversial as to whether they induce disease resistance in plants. Here, we inoculated pine seedlings with Sphaeropsis sapinea, which was presymbiotic with the EMF Hymenochaete sp. Rl, and the mycorrhizal helper bacterium (MHB) Bacillus pumilus HR10, which promotes the formation of Pinus thunbergia-Hymenochaete sp. Rl mycorrhizae. The results showed that inoculation with Hymenochaete sp. Rl, B. pumilus HR10, and the consortium significantly reduced pine shoot blight disease caused by S. sapinea. After inoculation with pathogenic fungi, callose deposition was significantly increased in needles of pine seedlings inoculated with Hymenochaete sp. Rl, B. pumilus HR10, and the consortium, together with an increase in enzymatic and nonenzymatic systemic antioxidant activity as well as early priming for upregulated expression of PR3 and PR5 genes. Our findings suggest that ectomycorrhizal colonization enhances the resistance of pine seedlings to Sphaeropsis shoot blight by triggering a systemic defense response and that interactions between EMFs and MHBs are essential for mycorrhizal-induced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Wei-Liang Kong
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Prevention and Management of Invasive Species, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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20
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Liu H, Zhang H, Yang F, Chai S, Wang L, de Dios VR, Tan W, Yao Y. Ethylene activates poplar defense against Dothiorella gregaria Sacc by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13726. [PMID: 35638504 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Populus canker is a widespread disease that seriously threatens the survival of trees. Phytohormones are considered as effective chemical molecules improving plant resistance to various diseases. Ethylene is an important phytohormone that is extensively involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress responses, but how ethylene and ethylene signaling regulates defense responses in woody plants is still unclear. Here, we showed that ethylene positively regulates the responses of poplar to canker caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Dothiorella gregaria. Treatment of Populus tomentosa with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, the biosynthetic precursor of ethylene) significantly enhanced disease resistance, accompanied by the induction of pathogen-related protein (PR) gene expression and H2 O2 accumulation. Blocking ethylene biosynthesis using aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG, a specific inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis) repressed the disease resistance. Overexpression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene PtoACO7 in Populus tomentosa promoted defense responses and disease resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ethylene-induced defense response is independent of the salicylic acid pathway, but needs ROS signaling. ACC or PtoACO7 overexpression induced expressions of PtoRbohD/RbohF, which encode NADPH oxidases, and elevated H2 O2 levels in poplar. Inhibition of the NADPH oxidase compromised ethylene-induced disease resistance and PR gene expressions, while H2 O2 application could completely rescue the AVG-caused disease hypersensitivity. Therefore, the involvement of ethylene in disease resistance is done by activation of PR gene expressions and ROS production. Our results also showed that modifying ethylene biosynthesis or its signaling pathway has a great potential for improving disease resistance in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shuli Chai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences & Agrotecnio Center, Universitat de Lleida, Leida, Spain
| | - Wenrong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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SsNEP2 Contributes to the Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040446. [PMID: 35456121 PMCID: PMC9026538 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a notorious soilborne fungal pathogen that causes serious economic losses globally. The necrosis and ethylene-inducible peptide 1 (NEP1)-like proteins (NLPs) were previously shown to play an important role in pathogenicity in fungal and oomycete pathogens. Here, we generated S. sclerotiorum necrosis and ethylene-inducible peptide 2 (SsNEP2) deletion mutant through homologous recombination and found that SsNEP2 contributes to the virulence of S. sclerotiorum without affecting the development of mycelia, the formation of appressoria, or the secretion of oxalic acid. Although knocking out SsNEP2 did not affect fungal sensitivity to oxidative stress, it did lead to decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, Ssnlp24SsNEP2 peptide derived from SsNEP2 triggered host mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, increased defense marker gene expression, and enhanced resistance to Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Taken together, our data suggest that SsNEP2 is involved in fungal virulence by affecting ROS levels in S. sclerotiorum. It can serve as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and trigger host pattern triggered immunity to promote the necrotrophic lifestyle of S. sclerotiorum.
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Peng H, Hu H, Xi K, Zhu X, Zhou J, Yin J, Guo F, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Silicon Nanoparticles Enhance Ginger Rhizomes Tolerance to Postharvest Deterioration and Resistance to Fusarium solani. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:816143. [PMID: 35371177 PMCID: PMC8965286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.816143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration of ginger rhizome caused by microorganisms or wound infections causes significant economic losses. Fusarium solani is one of the important causal agents of prevalent ginger disease soft rot across the world. The massive and continuous use of chemical fungicides in postharvest preservation pose risks to human health and produce environmental contamination. Hence, new alternative tools are required to reduce postharvest deterioration and extend the postharvest life of ginger. In this study, the use of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the storability of ginger rhizomes during postharvest storage and their resistance to Fusarium solani was investigated. The results showed that 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1 of SiNPs increased the firmness of the ginger rhizome during storage but decreased the decay severity, water loss, total color difference, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2O2 and superoxide anion) accumulation. Specifically, 100 mg L-1 (SiNP100) demonstrated the best effect in the extension of postharvest life and improved the quality of the ginger rhizomes. SiNP100 application increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and the total phenolics and flavonoid contents, thereby reducing the ROS accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, SiNP100 treatment negatively impacts the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, which may have contributed to the lower level of lignin and decreased total color difference. SiNP100 likely decreased water loss and the transfer of water by altering the expression of aquaporin genes. Moreover, SiNP100 modulated the expression of lignin synthesis and phytopathogenic responses genes including MYB and LysM genes. Furthermore, SiNP100 inhibited Fusarium solani by preventing the penetration of hyphae into cells, thus decreasing the severity of postharvest pathogenic decay. In summary, this study revealed the physiology and molecular mechanisms of SiNPs-induced tolerance to postharvest deterioration and resistance to disease, which provides a foundation for using SiNPs resources as a promising alternative tool to maintain ginger quality and control postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Keyong Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fengling Guo
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Horticulture and Gardening, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species against Pathogens in Relation to Postharvest Disease of Papaya Fruit. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an active role in plant defense. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) participate in the synthesis of phytoalexins. The comparative activities of ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2−), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from papaya fruit were evaluated. The effects of ROS on PPO and POD activities in papaya fruit inoculated with C. gloeosporioides and the development of natural decay in intact fruit were also investigated. ·OH was the most effective in inhibiting conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. However, 20 or 30 mM H2O2 exhibited the best control of the three ROS treatments at ameliorating the disease symptoms associated with the highest levels of PPO and POD activities in papaya fruit. Furthermore, the activities of PPO and POD negatively correlated with the disease index. Overall, H2O2 treatments can induce the resistance of papaya fruit against C. gloeosporioides owing to the enhanced activities of PPO and POD. Treatment with 20 mM H2O2 also significantly reduced the incidence of decay in intact papaya fruit in semi-commercial experiment, which could make it a potential alternative manner to control postharvest disease in papaya fruit.
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The Stimulation of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Activity and Its Relation with the Pyrenophora teres f. teres Infection in Different Barley Genotypes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity were examined in infected barley seedlings of five cultivars with the goal to study the role of SOD in the defense mechanism induced by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT) infection. Our results showed that although there were differences in the responses of the cultivars, all three PTT isolates (H-618, H-774, H-949) had significantly increased SOD activity in all examined barley varieties at the early stages of the infection. The lowest SOD activity was observed in the case of the most resistant cultivar. Our results did not show a clear connection between seedling resistance of genotypes and SOD enzyme activity; however, we were able to find strong significant correlations between the PTT infection scores on the Tekauz scale and the SOD activity. The measurement of the SOD activity could offer a novel perspective to detect the early stress responses induced by PTT. Our results suggest that the resistance of varieties cannot be estimated based on SOD enzyme activity alone, because many antioxidant enzymes play a role in fine-tuning the defense response, but SOD is an important member of this system.
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25
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Punia Bangar S, Trif M, Ozogul F, Kumar M, Chaudhary V, Vukic M, Tomar M, Changan S. Recent developments in cold plasma-based enzyme activity (browning, cell wall degradation, and antioxidant) in fruits and vegetables. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1958-1978. [PMID: 35080794 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations reports, approximately half of the total harvested fruits and vegetables vanish before they reach the end consumer due to their perishable nature. Enzymatic browning is one of the most common problems faced by fruit and vegetable processing. The perishability of fruits and vegetables is contributed by the various browning enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and ripening or cell wall degrading enzyme (pectin methyl-esterase). In contrast, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) assist in reversing the damage caused by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The cold plasma technique has emerged as a novel, economic, and environmentally friendly approach that reduces the expression of ripening and browning enzymes while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; microorganisms are significantly inhibited, therefore improving the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. This review narrates the mechanism and principle involved in the use of cold plasma technique as a nonthermal agent and its application in impeding the activity of browning and ripening enzymes and increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes for improving the shelf life and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and preventing spoilage and pathogenic germs from growing. An overview of hurdles and sustainability advantages of cold plasma technology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Monica Trif
- Food Research Department, Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (Centiv) GmbH, Stuhr, Germany.,CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Chaudhary
- Department of Dairy Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Milan Vukic
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- Seed Technology Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
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26
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Wang Y, Li G, Chen T, Tian S. Protein sulfenylation contributes to oxidative burst-triggered responses during the interaction between Botrytis cinerea and Nicotiana benthamiana. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104423. [PMID: 34775098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role as signaling molecules in plant responses to pathogen infection. It is highly reactive with cellular components such as DNA, lipids and proteins, thereby leading to serious oxidative damages. Cysteine residues are sensitive targets of ROS in a post-translational modification known as sulfenylation. However, during plant-pathogen interaction, it is still unclear which specific proteins can be oxidized by ROS and undergo sulfenic modification to regulate the interaction process. Here, we observed a biphasic production of ROS in Nicotiana benthamiana after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. RT-qPCR results showed that the biphasic increase in ROS production was closely related to the expression of NbRbohA, NbRbohB and NbRbohC. Furthermore, a ROS-dependent sulfenome analysis was performed and finally 183 differentially sulfenylated proteins were identified. Their post-translational sulfenylation modification in response to B. cinerea infection was further confirmed by western blot and mass spectrometry analysis. Virus-induced gene silencing of those genes encoding sulfenylated proteins resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea. Taken together, our data demonstrate that B. cinerea infection induces ROS burst in N. benthamiana, which triggers protein sulfenylation to ensure the transduction of ROS signals and further function in plant-pathogen interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Botrytis cinerea infection trigger changes in cellular redox status through protein sulfenylation to be involved in plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac066. [PMID: 35591926 PMCID: PMC9113409 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing to growth of the agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases of horticultural crops frequently occur during pre- and postharvest periods, reducing yields and crop quality and causing huge economic losses and wasted food. Outcomes of fungal diseases depend on both horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity. Plant defense responses are highly sophisticated and are generally divided into preformed and induced defense responses. Preformed defense responses include both physical barriers and phytochemicals, which are the first line of protection. Induced defense responses, which include innate immunity (pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity), local defense responses, and systemic defense signaling, are triggered to counterstrike fungal pathogens. Therefore, to develop regulatory strategies for horticultural plant resistance, a comprehensive understanding of defense responses and their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, and data mining have greatly contributed to identification and functional determination of novel phytochemicals, regulatory factors, and signaling molecules and their signaling pathways in plant resistance. In this review, research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and novel regulatory strategies to regulate induction of plant resistance are summarized, and then the problems, challenges, and future research directions are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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28
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Meng X, Chen C, Song T, Xu J, Zhang X, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhang H, Zhang H. Effect of nano-silica coating combined with pressurized Ar treatment on postharvest quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism in sweet cherry fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131715. [PMID: 34896947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of effect of nano-silica coating and pressurized Ar on regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging in the senescence of sweet cherries remains unclear. The amounts of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidases, and cell membrane lipid peroxidation in sweet cherries were determined. Nano-silica coating, pressurized Ar, and the combination of these two treatments, all significantly delayed senescence by suppressing decay rate, and maintained good sensory quality. In additional, all treatments inhibited the generation and accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, and mitigated the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes of sweet cherries. The combination of these two treatments maintained higher contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione, and enhanced the activities of antioxidases in sweet cherries. It is suggested that nano-silica coating and pressure Ar mediated the ROS metabolism, which might have a role in retaining the quality sweet cherries during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Teng Song
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Huien Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Wanli, University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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29
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Lu J, Liu T, Zhang X, Li J, Wang X, Liang X, Xu G, Jing M, Li Z, Hein I, Dou D, Zhang Y, Wang X. Comparison of the Distinct, Host-Specific Response of Three Solanaceae Hosts Induced by Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011000. [PMID: 34681661 PMCID: PMC8537708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Solanaceae hosts (TSHs), S. tuberosum, N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, represent the three major phylogenetic clades of Solanaceae plants infected by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight, one of the most devastating diseases seriously affecting crop production. However, details regarding how different Solanaceae hosts respond to P. infestans are lacking. Here, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomic data from the TSHs at 12 and 24 h post P. infestans inoculation to capture early expression effects. Macroscopic and microscopic observations showed faster infection processes in S. tuberosum than in N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum under the same conditions. Analysis of the number of genes and their level of expression indicated that distinct response models were adopted by the TSHs in response to P. infestans. The host-specific infection process led to overlapping but distinct in GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched for differentially expressed genes; many were tightly linked to the immune response in the TSHs. S. tuberosum showed the fastest response and strongest accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, which also had similarities and differences in hormone regulation. Collectively, our study provides an important reference for a better understanding of late blight response mechanisms of different Solanaceae host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tingli Liu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Xun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhugang Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ingo Hein
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yanju Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
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30
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Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Molecular basis for optimizing sugar metabolism and transport during fruit development. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:330-340. [PMID: 36303881 PMCID: PMC9590571 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops. They not only provide "sweetness" as fruit quality traits, but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli. Therefore, the understanding to the molecular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors. Here, we provide a review for molecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport, crosstalk with hormone signaling, and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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31
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Zhang X, Zong Y, Gong D, Yu L, Sionov E, Bi Y, Prusky D. NADPH Oxidase Regulates the Growth and Pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:696210. [PMID: 34456938 PMCID: PMC8387719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.696210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the colonization of necrotrophic pathogens attacking fruit is critical during the attack, but its importance in Penicillium expansum remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the regulatory effects of NADPH oxidase (Nox) genes on the growth and pathogenicity of P. expansum in apple fruits. Deletion mutants of ΔPeNoxA, ΔPeNoxR, and ΔPeRacA genes were constructed to determine the contribution to the colonization process. The ΔPeRacA strain had a significant effect on the reduction of growth and pathogenicity, the ΔPeNoxA strain negatively regulated the growth and development of P. expansum and did not show any significant effect on the pathogenicity, and the ΔPeNoxR strain showed no effect on the growth or pathogenicity of P. expansum in the apple fruits. However, analysis of the content of O2 - and H2O2 in the mycelium of all the Nox mutants showed a significant reduction, confirming the functionality of Nox mutations. Growth under stress conditions in the presence of Congo red, sodium lauryl sulfate, and H2O2 showed a negative effect on the radial growth of ΔPeNoxA, but a positive effect on radial growth reduction by ΔPeNoxR and ΔPeRacA mutants was shown. Interestingly, the host antioxidant activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) andcatalase (CAT) in the fruits after inoculation with ΔPeNoxA, ΔPeNoxR, and ΔPeRacA mutants declined, suggesting reduced ROS accumulation in the colonized region. These results suggest that PeNoxA, PeNoxR, and PeRacA differentially regulate the growth and pathogenicity of P. expansum by producing ROS, and that PeRacA showed the strongest regulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Di Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lirong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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32
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Slathia S, Sharma YP, Hakla HR, Urfan M, Yadav NS, Pal S. Post-harvest Management of Alternaria Induced Rot in Tomato Fruits With Essential Oil of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.679830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria fruit rot is a major disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., a prolific fungal pathogen. Among post-harvest diseases of tomato, fruit rot induced by A. alternata is the most damaging. Antifungal agents are widely used to control post-harvest management of tomato fruits. However, negative impacts of fungicidal residues in edible fruits and vegetables on human health cannot be over ruled. Eco-friendly ways of controlling Alternaria rot in tomato fruits offer a novel way of tomato rot management. The current study proposes an alternate method in controlling tomato fruit rots through Zanthoxylum armatum DC essential oil (EO) application. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling showed eucalyptol and sabinene as major components of Z. armatum EO. Furthermore, EO applied (0.5–4.5 μl/ml) showed significant inhibition of A. alternata growth (p > 0.05) at 4.5 μl concentration tested. Lipid peroxidation assays revealed significant reduction in membrane damage in tomato fruits treated by EO compared to alone inoculated fruits with A. alternata. Elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase coupled with enhanced antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, and total phenols in EO-treated fruits may be linked with better fruit rot management than control fruits inoculated with A. alternata-induced rot alone. Mycelia and spore production was dramatically reduced in EO applied tomato fruits over A. alternata alone in tomato fruits (p > 0.05). Interestingly, free radical scavenging activities of EO applied tomato fruits showed significant improvement compared to only pathogen-inoculated tomato fruits. Findings propose practical utility of Z. armatum EO as a plant-based antifungal for post-harvest management of Alternaria rot in tomato fruits.
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Rubio-Melgarejo A, Balois-Morales R, Ochoa-Jiménez VA, Casas-Junco PP, Jiménez-Zurita JO, Bautista-Rosales PU, Berumen-Varela G. Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits ( Annona muricata L.) and Nectria haematococca at Postharvest Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1432. [PMID: 34371635 PMCID: PMC8309373 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) production is diminished by the attack of pathogens such as Nectria haematococca. However, the fruit-pathogen interaction at the biochemical and molecular levels is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of the soursop fruit to the presence of N. haematococca during postharvest storage. Soursop fruits were inoculated with the pathogen and total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity by Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+), and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), as well as enzymatic activity and transcript levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 days of storage. The noninoculated fruits were the controls of the experiment. The highest total phenol content was recorded on day one in the inoculated fruits. FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH activity presented the highest values on day three in the control fruits. Inoculated fruits recorded the highest PPO activity on day five and a five-fold induction in the PPO transcript on day three. SOD activity showed a decrease during the days of storage and 10-fold induction of SOD transcript on day three in the inoculated fruits. Principal component analysis showed that total phenols were the variable that contributed the most to the observed variations. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total phenols and SOD activity, PPO expression, and SOD expression, as well as between DPPH and FRAP, was recorded. The results showed a differential response in antioxidant capacity, enzymatic activity, and gene expression during the interaction of soursop fruits-N. haematococca at postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.R.-M.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - Rosendo Balois-Morales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.R.-M.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, Mexico; (A.R.-M.); (R.B.-M.)
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
| | - Guillermo Berumen-Varela
- Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, Mexico; (V.A.O.-J.); (P.P.C.-J.); (J.O.J.-Z.)
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Niu J, Sun Z, Shi Y, Huang K, Zhong Y, Chen J, Chen J, Luan M. Comparative Analysis of Akebia trifoliata Fruit Softening at Different Flesh Ripening Stages Using Tandem Mass Tag Technology. Front Nutr 2021; 8:684271. [PMID: 34291071 PMCID: PMC8287030 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.684271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its medicinal and high nutritional values, Akebia trifoliata can be considered as a new type of medicinal and edible homologous resources, and it has begun to be widely cultivated in many areas of China. Over-softening of fruit would affect the sensorial quality, utilization rate, and consumer acceptance of the fruit postharvest. However, fruit softening has not been characterized and the molecular mechanism underlying A. trifoliata fruit softening during ripening remains unclear. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed on the fruit at three developmental stages using tandem mass tag technology. In total, 2,839 proteins and 302 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most DAPs were implicated in oxidoreductase activity, protein domain-specific binding and pyruvate metabolism. Moreover, 29 DAPs associated with cell wall metabolism, plant hormone, and stress and defense response pathways were validated using quantitative PCR. Notably, pectinesterase, pectate lyase, and β-galactosidase, which are involved in cell wall degradation, as well as gibberellin regulated protein, cysteine protease, thaumatin-like protein and heat shock proteins which is involved in plant hormone, and stress and defense response, were significantly up-regulated in softening fruit compared with the levels in non-softening fruit. This indicated that they might play key roles in A. trifoliata fruit softening. Our findings will provide new insights into potential genes influencing fruit softening traits of A. trifoliata, which will help to develop strategies to improve fruit quality and reduce softening-related losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Niu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yaliang Shi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Kunyong Huang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yicheng Zhong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Mingbao Luan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
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Zhang ZQ, Chen T, Li BQ, Qin GZ, Tian SP. Molecular basis of pathogenesis of postharvest pathogenic Fungi and control strategy in fruits: progress and prospect. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:2. [PMID: 37789422 PMCID: PMC10509826 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by pathogenic fungi is the main cause of postharvest loss of fresh fruits. The formulation of disease control strategies greatly depends on the understanding of pathogenic mechanism of fungal pathogens and control strategy. In recent years, based on the application of various combinatorial research methods, some pathogenic genes of important postharvest fungal pathogens in fruit have been revealed, and their functions and molecular regulatory networks of virulence have been explored. These progresses not only provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of pathogenicity of postharvest pathogenic fungi, but also are beneficial to giving theoretical guidance for the creation of new technologies of postharvest disease control. Here, we synthesized these recent advances and illustrated conceptual frameworks, and identified several issues on the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bo-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shi-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Peng Y, Li SJ, Yan J, Tang Y, Cheng JP, Gao AJ, Yao X, Ruan JJ, Xu BL. Research Progress on Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Role as Biocontrol Agents. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670135. [PMID: 34122383 PMCID: PMC8192705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause huge losses in agricultural production. To prevent the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, farmers have to use many synthetic chemical pesticides. The extensive use of these pesticides has resulted in a series of environmental and ecological problems, such as the increase in resistant weed populations, soil compaction, and water pollution, which seriously affect the sustainable development of agriculture. This review discusses the main advances in research on plant-pathogenic fungi in terms of their pathogenic factors such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, effector proteins, and fungal viruses, as well as their application as biocontrol agents for plant pests, diseases, and weeds. Finally, further studies on plant-pathogenic fungal resources with better biocontrol effects can help find new beneficial microbial resources that can control diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi J Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Schools of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian P Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - An J Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing J Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing L Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Singh Y, Nair AM, Verma PK. Surviving the odds: From perception to survival of fungal phytopathogens under host-generated oxidative burst. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100142. [PMID: 34027389 PMCID: PMC8132124 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal phytopathogens pose a serious threat to global crop production. Only a handful of strategies are available to combat these fungal infections, and the increasing incidence of fungicide resistance is making the situation worse. Hence, the molecular understanding of plant-fungus interactions remains a primary focus of plant pathology. One of the hallmarks of host-pathogen interactions is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a plant defense mechanism, collectively termed the oxidative burst. In general, high accumulation of ROS restricts the growth of pathogenic organisms by causing localized cell death around the site of infection. To survive the oxidative burst and achieve successful host colonization, fungal phytopathogens employ intricate mechanisms for ROS perception, ROS neutralization, and protection from ROS-mediated damage. Together, these countermeasures maintain the physiological redox homeostasis that is essential for cell viability. In addition to intracellular antioxidant systems, phytopathogenic fungi also deploy interesting effector-mediated mechanisms for extracellular ROS modulation. This aspect of plant-pathogen interactions is significantly under-studied and provides enormous scope for future research. These adaptive responses, broadly categorized into "escape" and "exploitation" mechanisms, are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the oxidative stress response of filamentous fungi, their perception signaling, and recent insights that provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinct survival mechanisms of fungal pathogens in response to the host-generated oxidative burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshveer Singh
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Athira Mohandas Nair
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author
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The Effect of Environmental pH during Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link Inoculation of Apple Fruits on the Host Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050692. [PMID: 33924800 PMCID: PMC8146815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecium roseum is an important postharvest pathogen, belonging to an alkalizing group of pathogens secreting ammonia during fungal growth and colonization of apple fruits. Fungal pH modulation is usually considered a factor for improving fungal gene expression, contributing to its pathogenicity. However, the effects of inoculation with T. roseum spore suspensions at increasing pH levels from pH 3 up to pH 7, on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging capability of the apple fruits, affecting host susceptibility, indicate that the pH regulation by the pathogens also affects host response and may contribute to colonization. The present results indicate that the inoculation of T. roseum spores at pH 3 caused the lowest cell membrane permeability, and reduced malondialdehyde content, NADPH oxidases activity, O2●− and H2O2 production in the colonized fruit. Observations of the colonized area on the 9th day after inoculation at pH 3, showed that the rate of O2●− production and H2O2 content was reduced by 57% and 25%, compared to their activities at pH 7. In contrast, antioxidative activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidases of fruit tissue inoculated with spores’ suspension in the presence of a solution at pH 3.0 showed their highest activity. The catalase and peroxidases activities in the colonized tissue at pH 3 were higher by almost 58% and 55.9%, respectively, on the 6th day after inoculation compared to inoculation at pH 7. The activities of key enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and their substrates and products by the 9th day after fruit inoculation at pH 3 showed 150%, 31%, 16%, and 110% higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, respectively, compared to pH 7. A similar pattern of response was also observed in the accumulation of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate which showed a higher accumulation at pH 3 compared to the colonization at pH 7. The present results indicate that the metabolic regulation of the pH environment by the T. roseum not only modulates the fungal pathogenicity factors reported before, but it induces metabolic host changes contributing both together to fungal colonization.
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Anand G, Leibman-Markus M, Elkabetz D, Bar M. Method for the Production and Purification of Plant Immuno-Active Xylanase from Trichoderma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4214. [PMID: 33921693 PMCID: PMC8073006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens. Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and efficient defense mechanisms, either constitutive or inducible. Plant defense responses are triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). These components are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which include plant cell surface receptors. Upon recognition, PRRs trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) is a fungal MAMP protein from the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)-Trichoderma. It elicits plant defense responses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), making it an excellent tool in the studies of plant immunity. Xylanases such as EIX are hydrolytic enzymes that act on xylan in hemicellulose. There are two types of xylanases: the endo-1, 4-β-xylanases that hydrolyze within the xylan structure, and the β-d-xylosidases that hydrolyze the ends of the xylan chain. Xylanases are mainly synthesized by fungi and bacteria. Filamentous fungi produce xylanases in high amounts and secrete them in liquid cultures, making them an ideal system for xylanase purification. Here, we describe a method for cost- and yield-effective xylanase production from Trichoderma using wheat bran as a growth substrate. Xylanase produced by this method possessed xylanase activity and immunogenic activity, effectively inducing a hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and ROS burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
| | - Dorin Elkabetz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 91905, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
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Adiletta G, Di Matteo M, Petriccione M. Multifunctional Role of Chitosan Edible Coatings on Antioxidant Systems in Fruit Crops: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2633. [PMID: 33807862 PMCID: PMC7961546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based edible coatings represent an eco-friendly and biologically safe preservative tool to reduce qualitative decay of fresh and ready-to-eat fruits during post-harvest life due to their lack of toxicity, biodegradability, film-forming properties, and antimicrobial actions. Chitosan-based coatings modulate or control oxidative stress maintaining in different manner the appropriate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit cells, by the interplay of pathways and enzymes involved in ROS production and the scavenging mechanisms which essentially constitute the basic ROS cycle. This review is carried out with the aim to provide comprehensive and updated over-view of the state of the art related to the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings on anti-oxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, evaluating the induced oxidative damages during storage in whole and ready-to-eat fruits. All these aspects are broadly reviewed in this review, with particular emphasis on the literature published during the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Adiletta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marisa Di Matteo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Garcia-Gil M, Turri B, Gabriele M, Pucci L, Agnarelli A, Lai M, Freer G, Pistello M, Vignali R, Batistoni R, Marracci S. Protopine/Gemcitabine Combination Induces Cytotoxic or Cytoprotective Effects in Cell Type-Specific and Dose-Dependent Manner on Human Cancer and Normal Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020090. [PMID: 33530428 PMCID: PMC7912662 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid protopine (PRO) exhibits pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. We investigated the effects of PRO, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (GEM), on human tumor cell lines and non-tumor human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We found that treatments with different PRO/GEM combinations were cytotoxic or cytoprotective, depending on concentration and cell type. PRO/GEM decreased viability in pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, while it rescued the GEM-induced viability decline in HDFs and in tumor MCF-7 cells. Moreover, PRO/GEM decreased G1, S and G2/M phases, concomitantly with an increase of subG1 phase in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Differently, PRO/GEM restored the normal progression of the cell cycle, altered by GEM, and decreased cell death in HDFs. PRO alone increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 cells and HDFs, while PRO/GEM increased both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in the three cell lines. These results indicate that specific combinations of PRO/GEM may be used to induce cytotoxic effects in pancreatic tumor MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, but have cytoprotective or no effects in HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Morena Gabriele
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandro Agnarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Robert Vignali
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Renata Batistoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Istituto Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Marracci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.-G.); (B.T.); (A.A.); (R.V.); (R.B.)
- Istituto Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Residual Effects Caused by a Past Mycovirus Infection in Fusarium circinatum. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are known to be difficult to cure in fungi but their spontaneous loss occurs commonly. The unexpected disappearance of mycoviruses can be explained by diverse reasons, from methodological procedures to biological events such as posttranscriptional silencing machinery. The long-term effects of a virus infection on the host organism have been well studied in the case of human viruses; however, the possible residual effect on a fungus after the degradation of a mycovirus is unknown. For that, this study analyses a possible residual effect on the transcriptome of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum after the loss of the mitovirus FcMV1. The mycovirus that previously infected the fungal isolate was not recovered after a 4-year storage period. Only 14 genes were determined as differentially expressed and were related to cell cycle regulation and amino acid metabolism. The results showed a slight acceleration in the metabolism of the host that had lost the mycovirus by the upregulation of the genes involved in essential functions for fungal development. The analysis also revealed a weak expression in the annotated genes of the RNA silencing machinery. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a potential residual effect on the host transcriptome caused by the past infection of a mycovirus is reported.
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Brenya E, Chen ZH, Tissue D, Papanicolaou A, Cazzonelli CI. Prior exposure of Arabidopsis seedlings to mechanical stress heightens jasmonic acid-mediated defense against necrotrophic pathogens. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:548. [PMID: 33287718 PMCID: PMC7720613 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged mechanical stress (MS) causes thigmomorphogenesis, a stress acclimation response associated with increased disease resistance. What remains unclear is if; 1) plants pre-exposed to a short period of repetitive MS can prime defence responses upon subsequent challenge with necrotrophic pathogens, 2) MS mediates plant immunity via jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, and 3) a short period of repetitive MS can cause long-term changes in gene expression resembling a stress-induced memory. To address these points, 10-days old juvenile Arabidopsis seedlings were mechanically stressed for 7-days using a soft brush and subsequently challenged with the necrotrophic pathogens, Alternaria brassicicola, and Botrytis cinerea. Here we assessed how MS impacted structural cell wall appositions, disease symptoms and altered gene expression in response to infection. RESULTS The MS-treated plants exhibited enhanced cell wall appositions and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation that correlated with a reduction in disease progression compared to unstressed plants. The expression of genes involved in JA signalling, callose deposition, peroxidase and phytoalexin biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species detoxification were hyper-induced 4-days post-infection in MS-treated plants. The loss-of-function in JA signalling mediated by the JA-insensitive coronatine-insensitive 1 (coi1) mutant impaired the hyper-induction of defense gene expression and promoted pathogen proliferation in MS-treated plants subject to infection. The basal expression level of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 and PLANT DEFENSIN 1.2 defense marker genes were constitutively upregulated in rosette leaves for 5-days post-MS, as well as in naïve cauline leaves that differentiated from the inflorescence meristem well after ceasing MS. CONCLUSION This study reveals that exposure of juvenile Arabidopsis plants to a short repetitive period of MS can alter gene expression and prime plant resistance upon subsequent challenge with necrotrophic pathogens via the JA-mediated COI1 signalling pathway. MS may facilitate a stress-induced memory to modulate the plant's response to future stress encounters. These data advance our understanding of how MS primes plant immunity against necrotrophic pathogens and how that could be utilised in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brenya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Hesler Biology Building. 1441 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher Ian Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Ji D, Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Tian S. Versatile Roles of the Receptor-Like Kinase Feronia in Plant Growth, Development and Host-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7881. [PMID: 33114219 PMCID: PMC7660594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) protein kinase subfamily, FERONIA (FER) has emerged as a versatile player regulating multifaceted functions in growth and development, as well as responses to environmental factors and pathogens. With the concerted efforts of researchers, the molecular mechanism underlying FER-dependent signaling has been gradually elucidated. A number of cellular processes regulated by FER-ligand interactions have been extensively reported, implying cell type-specific mechanisms for FER. Here, we provide a review on the roles of FER in male-female gametophyte recognition, cell elongation, hormonal signaling, stress responses, responses to fungi and bacteria, and present a brief outlook for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (D.J.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
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Liu X, Cui X, Ji D, Zhang Z, Li B, Xu Y, Chen T, Tian S. Luteolin-induced activation of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway contributes to quality maintenance and disease resistance of sweet cherry. Food Chem 2020; 342:128309. [PMID: 33051099 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox imbalance and fungal infection are major causes for quality deterioration and postharvest decay of fruit. Therefore, it is crucial to activate intrinsic antioxidative capacity and disease responses for fruit quality maintenance. Although plant-derived flavonoids have been reported for health-promoting benefits, their roles in the maintenance of fruit quality remains largely unexplored. Here, we exogenously applied luteolin, a flavonoid substance, and further examined its efficacy in maintaining fruit quality and inhibiting fungal diseases in sweet cherry. The results showed that 100 or 200 mg/L luteolin maintained better organoleptic quality and decreased disease incidence during storage. Biochemical assays revealed that luteolin activated the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and improved antioxidative capacity, thereby elevating total anthocyanin and flavonoid contents. Notably, luteolin inhibited mycelial growth of fungal pathogens and reduced patulin yield by Penicillium expansum. Collectively, these results suggest that luteolin is a promising alternative for maintaining better fruit quality and ameliorating disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
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Li C, Xin M, Li L, He X, Liu G, Li J, Sheng J, Sun J. Transcriptome profiling helps to elucidate the mechanisms of ripening and epidermal senescence in passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236535. [PMID: 32976483 PMCID: PMC7518611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims), an important tropical and subtropical species, is classified as a respiration climacteric fruit, and its quality deteriorates rapidly after harvest. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in ripening and rapid fruit senescence, phytochemical characteristic analysis and RNA sequencing were performed in purple passion fruit with different treatments, that is, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and preservative film (PF). Comprehensive functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were involved in fruit ripening. Treatment with PF and 1-MCP significantly affected the transcription levels of passion fruit during postharvest storage. A large number of differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified as significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis at the postharvest stage. The PF and 1-MCP treatments increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) gene expression levels and enzyme activities, accelerated lignin accumulation, and decreased β-galactosidase (β-Gal), polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulose activities and gene expression levels to delay cell wall degradation during fruit senescence. The RNA sequencing data for cell wall metabolism and hormone signal transduction pathway-related unigenes were verified by RT-qPCR. The results of this study indicate that the cell wall metabolism and hormone signaling pathways are closely related to passion fruit ripening. PF and 1-MCP treatment might inhibit ethylene signaling and regulate cell wall metabolism pathways to inhibit cell wall degradation. Our results demonstrate the involvement of ripening- and senescence-related networks in passion fruit ripening and may establish a foundation for future research investigating the effects of PF and 1-MCP treatment on fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (MX)
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Jiemin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Jinfeng Sheng
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, Nangning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Technologies for Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Guangxi, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (JS); (MX)
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Yang Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zhou K, Xue W, Abid K, Chen S. Redox Status, JA and ET Signaling Pathway Regulating Responses to Botrytis cinerea Infection Between the Resistant Cucumber Genotype and Its Susceptible Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:559070. [PMID: 33101327 PMCID: PMC7546314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range and the ability to causing great economic losses in cucumber. However, the resistance mechanism against this pathogen in cucumber was not well understood. In this study, the microscopic observation of the spore growth, redox status measurements and transcriptome analysis were carried out after Botrytis cinerea infection in the resistant genotype No.26 and its susceptible mutant 26M. Results revealed shorter hypha, lower rate of spore germination, less acceleration of H2O2, O2 -, and lower total glutathione content (GSH+GSSG) in No.26 than that in 26M, which were identified by the staining result of DAB and NBT. Transcriptome data showed that after pathogen infection, a total of 3901 and 789 different expression genes (DEGs) were identified in No.26 and 26M respectively. These DEGs were highly enriched in redox regulation pathway, hormone signaling pathway and plant-pathogen interaction pathway. The glutathione S-transferase genes, putative peroxidase gene, and NADPH oxidase were up-regulated in No.26 whereas these genes changed little in 26M after Botrytis cinerea infection. Jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways were distinctively activated in No.26 comparing with 26M upon infection. Much more plant defense related genes including mitogen-activated protein kinases, calmodulin, calmodulin-like protein, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and WRKY transcription factor were induced in No.26 than 26M after pathogen infection. Finally, a model was established which elucidated the resistance difference between resistant cucumber genotype and susceptible mutant after B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Keke Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Wanyu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Kan Abid
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
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Wohlgemuth F, Gomes RL, Singleton I, Rawson FJ, Avery SV. Top-Down Characterization of an Antimicrobial Sanitizer, Leading From Quenchers of Efficacy to Mode of Action. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575157. [PMID: 33101251 PMCID: PMC7546784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a top-down strategy to characterize an antimicrobial, oxidizing sanitizer, which has diverse proposed applications including surface-sanitization of fresh foods, and with benefits for water resilience. The strategy involved finding quenchers of antimicrobial activity then antimicrobial mode of action, by identifying key chemical reaction partners starting from complex matrices, narrowing down reactivity to specific organic molecules within cells. The sanitizer electrolyzed-water (EW) retained partial fungicidal activity against the food-spoilage fungus Aspergillus niger at high levels of added soils (30–750 mg mL–1), commonly associated with harvested produce. Soil with high organic load (98 mg g–1) gave stronger EW inactivation. Marked inactivation by a complex organics mix (YEPD medium) was linked to its protein-rich components. Addition of pure proteins or amino acids (≤1 mg mL–1) fully suppressed EW activity. Mechanism was interrogated further with the yeast model, corroborating marked suppression of EW action by the amino acid methionine. Pre-culture with methionine increased resistance to EW, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine-free ozonated water. Overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductases (which reduce oxidized methionine) protected against EW. Fluoroprobe-based analyses indicated that methionine and cysteine inactivate free chlorine species in EW. Intracellular methionine oxidation can disturb cellular FeS-clusters and we showed that EW treatment impairs FeS-enzyme activity. The study establishes the value of a top-down approach for multi-level characterization of sanitizer efficacy and action. The results reveal proteins and amino acids as key quenchers of EW activity and, among the amino acids, the importance of methionine oxidation and FeS-cluster damage for antimicrobial mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Singleton
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Li G, Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Tian S. Roles of Aquaporins in Plant-Pathogen Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1134. [PMID: 32882951 PMCID: PMC7569825 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of small, membrane channel proteins present in a wide range of organisms. In addition to water, AQPs can facilitate the efficient and selective flux of various small solutes involved in numerous essential processes across membranes. A growing body of evidence now shows that AQPs are important regulators of plant-pathogen interaction, which ultimately lead to either plant immunity or pathogen pathogenicity. In plants, AQPs can mediate H2O2 transport across plasma membranes (PMs) and contribute to the activation of plant defenses by inducing pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), followed by downstream defense reactions. This involves the activation of conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, the production of callose, the activation of NPR1 and PR genes, as well as the opening and closing of stomata. On the other hand, pathogens utilize aquaporins to mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and regulate their normal growth, development, secondary or specialized metabolite production and pathogenicity. This review focuses on the roles of AQPs in plant immunity, pathogenicity, and communications during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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50
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Li B, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. Molecular basis and regulation of pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis in
Penicillium expansum. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3416-3438. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handing of Fruits Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handing of Fruits Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Harvest Handing of Fruits Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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