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Foti R, Storti G, Palmesano M, Scioli MG, Fiorelli E, Terriaca S, Cervelli G, Kim BS, Orlandi A, Cervelli V. Senescence in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8390. [PMID: 39125960 PMCID: PMC11312747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a subset of the mesenchymal stem cells in every adipose compartment throughout the body. ADSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including chondrocytes, osteocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes. Moreover, they exhibit a notable potential to differentiate in vitro into cells from other germinal lineages, including endothelial cells and neurons. ADSCs have a wide range of clinical applications, from breast surgery to chronic wounds. Furthermore, they are a promising cell population for future tissue-engineering uses. Accumulating evidence indicates a decreased proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs with an increasing age, increasing body mass index, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or exposure to radiotherapy. Therefore, the recent literature thoroughly investigates this cell population's senescence mechanisms and how they can hinder its possible therapeutic applications. This review will discuss the biological mechanisms and the physio-pathological causes behind ADSC senescence and how they can impact cellular functionality. Moreover, we will examine the possible strategies to invert these processes, re-establishing the full regenerative potential of this progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foti
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (M.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Gabriele Storti
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (M.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Marco Palmesano
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (M.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomy Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Elena Fiorelli
- Anatomy Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Sonia Terriaca
- Anatomy Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Giulio Cervelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bong Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomy Pathology Institute, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (E.F.); (S.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (M.P.); (V.C.)
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Wang B, Zhang G, Hu Y, Mohsin A, Chen Z, Hao W, Li Z, Gao WQ, Guo M, Xu H. Uncovering impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal function in adipose-derived stem cells from obese individuals with altered biological activity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38185703 PMCID: PMC10773039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for treating various diseases. However, the differences between ADSCs from lean individuals (L-ADSCs) and those from obese individuals (O-ADSCs) have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly regarding their mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the differences between L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs in terms of cell biological activity, mitochondria, and lysosomes. METHODS We first isolated and cultured L-ADSCs and O-ADSCs. We then compared the differences between the two groups in terms of biological activity, including cell proliferation, differentiation potential, and their effect on the polarization of macrophages. Additionally, we observed the mitochondrial and lysosomal morphology of ADSCs using an electronic microscope, MitoTracker Red, and lysotracker Red dyes. We assessed mitochondrial function by examining mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and cell energy metabolism. Lysosomal function was evaluated by measuring autophagy and phagocytosis. Finally, we performed transcriptome analysis of the ADSCs using RNA sequencing. RESULTS The biological activities of O-ADSCs were decreased, including cell immunophenotypic profiles, cell proliferation, and differentiation potential. Furthermore, compared to L-ADSCs, O-ADSCs promoted M1-type macrophage polarization and inhibited M2-type macrophage polarization. Additionally, the mitochondrial morphology of O-ADSCs was altered, with the size of the cells becoming smaller and mitochondrial fragments increasing. O-ADSCs also exhibited decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and membrane fluidity, antioxidative ability, and energy metabolism. With respect to lysosomes, O-ADSCs contained ungraded materials in their lysosomes, enhanced lysosomal permeability, and reduced autophagy and phagocytosis ability. RNA sequence analysis indicated that the signalling pathways related to cell senescence, cancer, and inflammation were upregulated, whereas the signalling pathways associated with stemness, cell differentiation, metabolism, and response to stress and stimuli were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that ADSCs from individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2) exhibit impaired mitochondrial and lysosomal function with decreased biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., P.O. Box 329#, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and Renji-MedX Clinical Stem Cell Research Center RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Blandin A, Amosse J, Froger J, Hilairet G, Durcin M, Fizanne L, Ghesquière V, Prieur X, Chaigneau J, Vergori L, Dray C, Pradère JP, Blandin S, Dupont J, Ducluzeau PH, Dubois S, Boursier J, Cariou B, Le Lay S. Extracellular vesicles are carriers of adiponectin with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112866. [PMID: 37605533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supporting that adipose tissue (AT)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry an important part of the AT secretome led us to characterize the EV-adipokine profile. In addition to evidencing a high AT-derived EV secretion ability that is further increased by obesity, we identify enrichment of oligomeric forms of adiponectin in small EVs (sEVs). This adipokine is mainly distributed at the EV external surface as a result of nonspecific adsorption of soluble adiponectin. EVs also constitute stable conveyors of adiponectin in the blood circulation. Adiponectin-enriched sEVs display in vitro insulin-sensitizing effects by binding to regular adiponectin receptors. Adoptive transfer of adiponectin-enriched sEVs in high-fat-diet-fed mice prevents animals from gaining weight and ameliorated insulin resistance and tissue inflammation, with major effects observed in the AT and liver. Our results therefore provide information regarding adiponectin-related metabolic responses by highlighting EVs as delivery platforms of metabolically active forms of adiponectin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Blandin
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France; Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; L'institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jérémy Amosse
- Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; IRSET Laboratory, Inserm, UMR 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Josy Froger
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France; Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Maëva Durcin
- Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Lionel Fizanne
- HIFIH, CHU Angers, Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Valentine Ghesquière
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France; Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Chaigneau
- HIFIH, CHU Angers, Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Cédric Dray
- RESTORE, UMR 1301 Inserm, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Blandin
- CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm BioCore US16, SFR Bonamy, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, PRC, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, PRC, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Unité d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Jérôme Boursier
- HIFIH, CHU Angers, Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- L'Institut du Thorax, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France; Université Angers, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France.
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Thomaz MS, Sertorio MN, Gazarini ML, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Nagaoka MR. Effect of Kinins on the Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice Treated with a Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2199. [PMID: 37626696 PMCID: PMC10452290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the leading cause of hepatic disease worldwide and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to cell injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The kinins' role in the liver has been studied in experimental fibrosis, partial hepatectomy, and ischemia-reperfusion and is related to cell death and regeneration. We investigated its role in experimental NASH induced by a methionine-choline deficient diet for 4 weeks. After that, liver perfusion was performed, and bradykinin (BK) or des-Arg9-BK was infused. Cell death was evaluated by cathepsin-B and caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins. In control livers, DABK increased CAT activity, which was reversed by antagonist DALBK. In the NASH group, kinins tend to decrease antioxidant activity, with SOD activity being significantly reduced by BK and DABK. Malondialdehyde levels increased in all NASH groups, but carbonylated protein did not. DABK significantly decreased cathepsin-B in the NASH group, while caspase-3 was increased by BK in control animals. Our results suggest that B1R and/or B2R activation did not induce oxidative stress but affected the antioxidant system, reducing SOD in the NASH group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Regina Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.)
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Isidoro C. Pathophysiology of Lysosomes in a Nutshell. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10688. [PMID: 37445864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles present in all nucleated mammalian cells [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and NanoBioImaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Oh J, Park C, Kim S, Kim M, Kim CS, Jo W, Park S, Yi GS, Park J. High levels of intracellular endotrophin in adipocytes mediate COPII vesicle supplies to autophagosome to impair autophagic flux and contribute to systemic insulin resistance in obesity. Metabolism 2023:155629. [PMID: 37302692 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis plays a crucial role in metabolic plasticity and endocrine function of adipose tissue. High levels of intracellular endotrophin, a cleavage peptide of type VI collagen alpha 3 chain (Col6a3), have been frequently observed in adipocyte in obesity and diabetes. However, how endotrophin intracellularly traffics and influences metabolic homeostasis in adipocyte remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trafficking of endotrophin and its metabolic effects in adipocytes depending on lean or obese condition. METHODS We used doxycycline-inducible adipocyte-specific endotrophin overexpressed mice for a gain-of-function study and CRISPR-Cas9 system-based Col6a3-deficient mice for a loss-of-function study. Various molecular and biochemical techniques were employed to examine the effects of endotrophin on metabolic parameters. RESULTS In adipocytes during obesity, the majority of endosomal endotrophin escapes lysosomal degradation and is released into the cytosol to mediate direct interactions between SEC13, a major component of coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, and autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), leading to the increased formation of autophagosomes. Autophagosome accumulation disrupts the balance of autophagic flux, resulting in adipocyte death, inflammation, and insulin resistance. These adverse metabolic effects were ameliorated by either suppressing ATG7 with siRNA ex vivo or neutralizing endotrophin with monoclonal antibodies in vivo. CONCLUSIONS High levels of intracellular endotrophin-mediated autophagic flux impairment in adipocyte contribute to metabolic dysfunction such as apoptosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woobeen Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan Y, Olawode EO, Tumey LN, Lu F. Visualizing drug-induced lipid accumulation in lysosomes of live cancer cells with stimulated Raman imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2551-2564. [PMID: 37342714 PMCID: PMC10278636 DOI: 10.1364/boe.487527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The low pH of the lysosomal compartment often results in sequestration of chemotherapeutic agents that contain positively charged basic functional groups, leading to anti-cancer drug resistance. To visualize drug localization in lysosomes and its influence on lysosomal functions, we synthesize a group of drug-like compounds that contain both a basic functional group and a bisarylbutadiyne (BADY) group as a Raman probe. With quantitative stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging, we validate that the synthesized lysosomotropic (LT) drug analogs show high lysosomal affinity, which can also serve as a photostable lysosome tracker. We find that long-term retention of the LT compounds in lysosomes leads to the increased amount and colocalization of both lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes in SKOV3 cells. With hyperspectral SRS imaging, further studies find that the LDs stuck in lysosomes are more saturated than the LDs staying out of the lysosomes, indicating impaired lysosomal lipid metabolism by the LT compounds. These results demonstrate that SRS imaging of the alkyne-based probes is a promising approach to characterizing the lysosomal sequestration of drugs and its influence on cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Current Address: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emmanuel O. Olawode
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Current Address: College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Fake Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Ekstrand J, Abrahamsson A, Lundberg P, Dabrosin C. Breast density and estradiol are associated with distinct different expression patterns of metabolic proteins in normal human breast tissue in vivo. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128318. [PMID: 37064098 PMCID: PMC10090464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast density and exposure to sex steroids are major risk factors for breast cancer. The local microenvironment plays an essential role in progression of breast cancer. Metabolic adaption is a major hallmark of cancer. Whether proteins from the extracellular space regulating metabolism are affected in breast cancer, dense breasts or by estrogen exposure are not yet fully elucidated.MethodsWomen with breast cancer, postmenopausal women with normal breast tissue with varying breast density or premenopausal women with breasts exposed to high levels of estradiol were included in the study. Microdialysis was used to collect proteins from the extracellular space in vivo in 73 women; 12 with breast cancer, 42 healthy postmenopausal women with different breast densities, and 19 healthy premenopausal women. Breast density was determined as lean tissue fraction (LTF) using magnetic resonance imaging. Data were evaluated in a murine breast cancer model. We quantified a panel of 92 key proteins regulating metabolism using proximity extension assay.ResultsWe report that 29 proteins were upregulated in human breast cancer. In dense breasts 37 proteins were upregulated and 17 of these were similarly regulated as in breast cancer. 32 proteins correlated with LTF. In premenopausal breasts 19 proteins were up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Of these, 27 correlated to estradiol, a result that was confirmed for most proteins in experimental breast cancer. Only two proteins, pro-cathepsin H and galanin peptide, were similarly regulated in breast cancer, dense- and estrogen exposed breasts.ConclusionsMetabolic proteins may be targetable for breast cancer prevention. Depending on risk factor, this may, however, require different approaches as breast density and estradiol induce distinct different expression patterns in the breast. Additionally, metabolic proteins from the extracellular space may indeed be further explored as therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ekstrand
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annelie Abrahamsson
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Department of Radiation Physics and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Charlotta Dabrosin,
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The role of lysosomes in metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:366-383. [PMID: 36894628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that contribute to the degradation of intracellular constituents through autophagy and of extracellular components through endocytosis, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. They also have roles in secretory mechanisms, the generation of extracellular vesicles and certain cell death pathways. These functions make lysosomes central organelles in cell homeostasis, metabolic regulation and responses to environment changes including nutrient stresses, endoplasmic reticulum stress and defects in proteostasis. Lysosomes also have important roles in inflammation, antigen presentation and the maintenance of long-lived immune cells. Their functions are tightly regulated by transcriptional modulation via TFEB and TFE3, as well as by major signalling pathways that lead to activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, lysosome motility and fusion with other compartments. Lysosome dysfunction and alterations in autophagy processes have been identified in a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune, metabolic and kidney diseases. Deregulation of autophagy can contribute to inflammation, and lysosomal defects in immune cells and/or kidney cells have been reported in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies with kidney involvement. Defects in lysosomal activity have also been identified in several pathologies with disturbances in proteostasis, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases such as Parkinson disease, diabetes mellitus and lysosomal storage diseases. Targeting lysosomes is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy to regulate inflammation and metabolism in a variety of pathologies.
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10
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Elsaid HOA, Tjeldnes H, Rivedal M, Serre C, Eikrem Ø, Svarstad E, Tøndel C, Marti HP, Furriol J, Babickova J. Gene Expression Analysis in gla-Mutant Zebrafish Reveals Enhanced Ca 2+ Signaling Similar to Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010358. [PMID: 36613802 PMCID: PMC9820748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn metabolic disorder due to partial or complete lysosomal α-galactosidase A deficiency. FD is characterized by progressive renal insufficiency and cardio- and cerebrovascular involvement. Restricted access on Gb3-independent tissue injury experimental models has limited the understanding of FD pathophysiology and delayed the development of new therapies. Accumulating glycosphingolipids, mainly Gb3 and lysoGb3, are Fabry specific markers used in clinical follow up. However, recent studies suggest there is a need for additional markers to monitor FD clinical course or response to treatment. We used a gla-knockout zebrafish (ZF) to investigate alternative biomarkers in Gb3-free-conditions. RNA sequencing was used to identify transcriptomic signatures in kidney tissues discriminating gla-mutant (M) from wild type (WT) ZF. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways analysis showed upregulation of immune system activation and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathways in kidneys from M ZF. In addition, upregulation of the Ca2+ signaling pathway was also detectable in M ZF kidneys. Importantly, disruption of mitochondrial and lysosome-related pathways observed in M ZF was validated by immunohistochemistry. Thus, this ZF model expands the pathophysiological understanding of FD, the Gb3-independent effects of gla mutations could be used to explore new therapeutic targets for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Osman Alhassan Elsaid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Tjeldnes
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariell Rivedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Camille Serre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Svarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Janka Babickova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (J.B.)
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Zhang X, Gao R, Zhou Z, Sun J, Tang X, Li J, Zhou X, Shen T. Uncovering the mechanism of Huanglian-Wuzhuyu herb pair in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115405. [PMID: 35644437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Huanglian-Wuzhuyu herb pair (HWHP) is a classic Chinese herbal formula consisting of the root of Coptis chinensis Franch and dried, nearly mature scented fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley. It is widely utilized to treat gastrointestinal and liver diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholestasis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanism of HWHP in treating NASH remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the mechanisms of HWHP in NASH treatment via network pharmacology and validated the results through in vivo experiment using mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds and targets corresponding to the active ingredients of HWHP were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. The genes associated with NASH were obtained from the DisGeNET database. Cytoscape software was employed to construct a "drug-ingredient-target-disease" network. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to analyze the related signaling pathways affected by HWHP. Moreover, AutoDock software was used to assess the potential binding affinity between the key targets of the hub pathway and the bioactive compounds. Subsequently, in vivo experiment was conducted to verify the findings of network pharmacology. RESULTS A total of 41 active compounds and 198 targets of HWHP were screened, of which 51 common targets were related to NASH. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that HWHP may affect NASH by modulating inflammatory response. KEGG pathway enrichment suggested that the NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway may play an important role in treating NASH. Molecular docking results demonstrated that most HWHP components were successfully docked to NLRP3 with good binding energy. In vivo experiments revealed that HWHP alleviated liver inflammation, improved liver steatosis, reduced TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST, decreased mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α in the liver, and lowered the expressions of NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and ASC protein. Also, immunohistochemical findings presented downregulation of caspase-1 and IL-1β by HWHP. CONCLUSIONS The results disclosed that HWHP ameliorates NASH in mice by reducing inflammation and liver steatosis via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study revealed the mechanism of HWHP in treating NASH through experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, TAS7000, Australia.
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xuehua Tang
- Academic Department, Chengdu Hemoyunyin Medical Laboratory Co, Ltd, 611135, China.
| | - Jialiang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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12
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Zou Y, Pei J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun M, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao X, Lin Z. The Deficiency of SCARB2/LIMP-2 Impairs Metabolism via Disrupted mTORC1-Dependent Mitochondrial OXPHOS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158634. [PMID: 35955761 PMCID: PMC9368982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is related to both Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are both neurodegenerative-related diseases without cure. Although both diseases lead to weight loss, which affects the quality of life and the progress of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that Scarb2−/− mice showed significantly reduced lipid storage in white fat tissues (WAT) compared to WT mice on a regular chow diet. However, the phenotype is independent of heat production, activity, food intake or energy absorption. Furthermore, adipocyte differentiation and cholesterol homeostasis were unaffected. We found that the impaired lipid accumulation of Adiponectin-cre; Scarb2fl/fl mice was due to the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway was down-regulated in Scarb2 deficient adipocytes, leading to impaired mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis. Altogether, we reveal the role of SCARB2 in metabolism regulation besides the nervous system, which provides a theoretical basis for weight loss treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Jingwen Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Yushu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Minli Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lulu Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
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13
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Pharmacological Mechanism of Ganlu Powder in the Treatment of NASH Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7251450. [PMID: 35811658 PMCID: PMC9259220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7251450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a clinical syndrome characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocellular damage. Ganlu powder (GLP) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has shown favorable treatment effects on NASH. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study is aimed at exploring the potential mechanism of GLP in the treatment of NASH via network pharmacology and molecular docking. PubMed and CNKI databases were used to identify the components of GLP. Swiss and STITCH databases were employed to obtain corresponding drug targets. NASH targets were adopted from the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, DrugBank, GeneCards, and MalaCards databases. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct “drug-ingredient-target-disease” networks and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of GLP in NASH. AKT1 was identified as the key target. The GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that GLP might treat NASH by modulating the inflammatory response and regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. The KEGG analysis showed that GLP might treat NASH by regulating the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signal pathway by affecting the role of AKT1. According to the network pharmacology results, a virtual docking of active compounds with AKT1 was carried out, and the results indicated that the 7 components, berberine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, palmatine, evodiamine, and rutecarpine, can bind stably with AKT1 and have higher binding energy than AKT1 inhibitors. The overall study findings suggest that GLP may treat NASH by regulating AKT1.
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14
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Ahonen MA, Höring M, Nguyen VD, Qadri S, Taskinen JH, Nagaraj M, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Zhou Y, Liebisch G, Haridas PAN, Yki-Järvinen H, Olkkonen VM. Insulin-inducible THRSP maintains mitochondrial function and regulates sphingolipid metabolism in human adipocytes. Mol Med 2022; 28:68. [PMID: 35715726 PMCID: PMC9204892 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone responsive protein (THRSP) is a lipogenic nuclear protein that is highly expressed in murine adipose tissue, but its role in humans remains unknown. METHODS We characterized the insulin regulation of THRSP in vivo in human adipose tissue biopsies and in vitro in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. To this end, we measured whole-body insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in 36 subjects [age 40 ± 9 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2]. Adipose tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 180 and 360 min of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia for measurement of THRSP mRNA concentrations. To identify functions affected by THRSP, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced SGBS adipocytes. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial respiration as well as oxidation and uptake of radiolabeled oleate and glucose. Lipid composition in THRSP silencing was studied by lipidomic analysis. RESULTS We found insulin to increase THRSP mRNA expression 5- and 8-fold after 180 and 360 min of in vivo euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. This induction was impaired in insulin-resistant subjects, and THRSP expression was closely correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. In vitro, insulin increased both THRSP mRNA and protein concentrations in SGBS adipocytes in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. A transcriptomic analysis of THRSP-silenced adipocytes showed alterations in mitochondrial functions and pathways of lipid metabolism, which were corroborated by significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation. A lipidomic analysis revealed decreased hexosylceramide concentrations, supported by the transcript concentrations of enzymes regulating sphingolipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS THRSP is regulated by insulin both in vivo in human adipose tissue and in vitro in adipocytes, and its expression is downregulated by insulin resistance. As THRSP silencing decreases mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation, its downregulation in human adipose tissue could contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, disturbed sphingolipid metabolism could add to metabolic dysfunction in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ahonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sami Qadri
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meghana Nagaraj
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - You Zhou
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Zhou Q, Zhu Y, Li C, Li Z, Tang Z, Yuan B, Wang X, Zhang S, Wu X. Elevated CTSL Gene Expression Correlated with Proinflammatory Cytokines in Omental Adipose Tissue of Patients with Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2277-2285. [PMID: 35936052 PMCID: PMC9348135 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s373203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cathepsin L (CTSL) and B (CTSB) were lysosomal proteases, and their expression and activity contribute to the progression of inflammation in obese rodents. Our aim was to investigate CTSB and CTSL expression in omental adipose tissue (AT) of patients with obesity and to correlate CTSB and CTSL expression with proinflammatory cytokines (CCL-2, IL-6 and IL-1β). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 12 patients without obesity (NOB) and 51 patients with obesity (OB) were involved in this study. Omental AT was collected from all the participants for RNA extraction. Expressions of CTSB, CTSL and proinflammatory cytokines (CCL-2, IL-6 and IL-1β) were qualified with qRT-PCR. BMI (body mass index) and metabolic parameters were measured. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of both CTSB and CTSL were upregulated in the OB group (t = 2.693, P < 0.05; t = 2.849, P<0.01) and were related to TC levels (Std.β=0.443, P<0.05; Std.β=0.439, P<0.05). However, only the CTSB level was related to BMI (Std.β=0.261, P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, CTSL was independently associated with CCL-2, IL-6 and IL-1β levels (Std.β=0.352-0.462, P<0.05). CONCLUSION CTSB and CTSL gene expressions were elevated in the omental AT of OB group. CTSL, but not CTSB, was positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines independently, suggesting that the dysregulation of CTSL may play a significant role in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yankun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqingyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinan Wu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xinan Wu, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China, Tel +85-13888984762, Fax +86-871-65933614, Email
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16
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Xin X, Cheng C, Bei-Yu C, Hong-Shan L, Hua-Jie T, Xin W, Zi-Ming A, Qin-Mei S, Yi-Yang H, Qin F. Caffeine and EGCG Alleviate High-Trans Fatty Acid and High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced NASH in Mice: Commonality and Specificity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784354. [PMID: 34881283 PMCID: PMC8647766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which respectively, are the main functional extracts from coffee and green tea, and present protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). These two beverages and their functional extracts are highly recommended as potential treatments for obesity and NAFLD in clinics; however, their pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the commonality and specificity of the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of caffeine and EGCG on NASH mice, which were fed with a high-trans fatty acid/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (control group) or an HFHC diet (HFHC group) for 24 weeks. HFHC group mice were additionally treated with caffeine (75 mg/kg) or EGCG (100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, using obeticholic acid (OCA,10 mg/kg) as a positive control group. The pharmacological effects of the drugs, including effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver inflammation and fibrosis, were evaluated. Gene expression in liver tissue samples from the different groups were assessed. Both caffeine and EGCG significantly reduced the liver manifestations of NASH induced by HFHC. The pathological aspects of liver lipid deposition, inflammation, and liver fibrosis in both groups were strongly ameliorated. Of note, most indexes were strongly reversed in the caffeine group, although AST activity, fasting blood glucose, and the HOMA-IR index were improved in the ECGC group. There were 714 differentially expressed genes between the caffeine and HFHC groups and 268 differentially expressed genes between the EGCG and HFHC groups. Twenty and 17 NASH-related KEGG signaling pathways were enriched by caffeine and EGCG. This study confirmed that 75 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg EGCG could significantly improve liver lipid deposition, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH induced by HFHC. The bioinformatics platform we built for caffeine and EGCG in NASH disease found that the two drugs may greatly overlap in improving the mechanism related to NASH inflammation. However, caffeine may have better potential in regulating glucose metabolism and EGCG may have better potential in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Bei-Yu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hong-Shan
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hua-Jie
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Zi-Ming
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Qin-Mei
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yi-Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Cabrera-Reyes F, Parra-Ruiz C, Yuseff MI, Zanlungo S. Alterations in Lysosome Homeostasis in Lipid-Related Disorders: Impact on Metabolic Tissues and Immune Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790568. [PMID: 34957117 PMCID: PMC8703004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-related disorders, which primarily affect metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver are associated with alterations in lysosome homeostasis. Obesity is one of the more prevalent diseases, which results in energy imbalance within metabolic tissues and lysosome dysfunction. Less frequent diseases include Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) and Gaucher diseases, both of which are known as Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs), where lysosomal dysfunction within metabolic tissues remains to be fully characterized. Adipocytes and hepatocytes share common pathways involved in the lysosome-autophagic axis, which are regulated by the function of cathepsins and CD36, an immuno-metabolic receptor and display alterations in lipid diseases, and thereby impacting metabolic functions. In addition to intrinsic defects observed in metabolic tissues, cells of the immune system, such as B cells can infiltrate adipose and liver tissues, during metabolic imbalance favoring inflammation. Moreover, B cells rely on lysosomes to promote the processing and presentation of extracellular antigens and thus could also present lysosome dysfunction, consequently affecting such functions. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that cells accumulating lipids display defective inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) established by lysosomes and other compartments, which contribute to metabolic dysfunctions at the cellular level. Overall, in this review we will discuss recent findings addressing common mechanisms that are involved in lysosome dysregulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes during obesity, NPC, and Gaucher diseases. We will discuss whether these mechanisms may modulate the function of B cells and how inter-organelle contacts, emerging as relevant cellular mechanisms in the control of lipid homeostasis, have an impact on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Yadati T, Houben T, Bitorina A, Oligschlaeger Y, Gijbels MJ, Mohren R, Lütjohann D, Khurana P, Goyal S, Kulkarni A, Theys J, Cillero-Pastor B, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Inhibition of Extracellular Cathepsin D Reduces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Leads to Mild Changes in Inflammationin NASH Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675535. [PMID: 34335574 PMCID: PMC8323051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D (CTSD) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a disease characterised by hepatic steatosis and inflammation. We have previously demonstrated that specific inhibition of the extracellular CTSD leads to improved metabolic features in Sprague-Dawley rats with steatosis. However, the individual roles of extracellular and intracellular CTSD in NASH are not yet known. In the current study, we evaluated the underlying mechanisms of extracellular and intracellular CTSD fractions in NASH-related metabolic inflammation using specific small-molecule inhibitors. Methods Low-density lipoprotein receptor knock out (Ldlr-/-) mice were fed a high-fat, high cholesterol (HFC) diet for ten weeks to induce NASH. Further, to investigate the effects of CTSD inhibition, mice were injected either with an intracellular (GA-12) or extracellular (CTD-002) CTSD inhibitor or vehicle control at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously once in two days for ten weeks. Results Ldlr-/- mice treated with extracellular CTSD inhibitor showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and an associated increase in faecal bile acid levels as compared to intracellular CTSD inhibitor-treated mice. Furthermore, in contrast to intracellular CTSD inhibition, extracellular CTSD inhibition switched the systemic immune status of the mice to an anti-inflammatory profile. In line, label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed that extra- and intracellular CTSD fractions modulate proteins belonging to distinct metabolic pathways. Conclusion We have provided clinically translatable evidence that extracellular CTSD inhibition shows some beneficial metabolic and systemic inflammatory effects which are distinct from intracellular CTSD inhibition. Considering that intracellular CTSD inhibition is involved in essential physiological processes, specific inhibitors capable of blocking extracellular CTSD activity, can be promising and safe NASH drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi Yadati
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Albert Bitorina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronny Mohren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jan Theys
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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19
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Miyai S, Hendawy AO, Sato K. Gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in mild to moderate obesity in dogs. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100183. [PMID: 34258471 PMCID: PMC8251507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular mechanisms and early diagnosis on the development of mild to moderate of canine obesity are not understood although recent dog obesity is a widespread problem. To understand the differences between normal weight and mild to moderate obesity, the purpose of this study is to investigate the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in dogs. Methods This study comprised a sample of 12 privately-owned Miniature Dachshund, which were divided into two groups (obese and control) based on body condition scores (BCS). Serum biochemical parameters and PBMC gene expression profiles were compared between groups. Results A statistically significant between group differences was recorded for body weight (BW), BCS, serum Insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.05). RNA-seq revealed the upregulated 154 genes and the downregulated 198 genes in obese dogs at more than 3.5-fold change compared with control animals. Hemoglobin subunits alpha- and beta-like were detected in the downregulated genes. RT-PCR analysis showed downregulation of FOLH1, ALAS2 and LOC100855540 genes, and upregulation of BCL2L15 gene, suggesting that the metabolic difference between normal and mild to moderate obesity was involved in the hemoglobin metabolism. Conclusions This study revealed significant differences in the gene expression of BCL2L15, FOLH1, ALAS2, and hemoglobin subunits such as LOC100855540 between normal weight and mild to moderate obese dogs, which indicate that these genes may prevent the obesity in dogs and be potentially useful for diagnosis of mild to moderate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Miyai
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Amin Omar Hendawy
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Kan Sato
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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20
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Jorquera G, Russell J, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Cruz G, Valladares-Ide D, Basualto-Alarcón C, Barrientos G, Estrada M, Llanos P. NLRP3 Inflammasome: Potential Role in Obesity Related Low-Grade Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063254. [PMID: 33806797 PMCID: PMC8005007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among multiple mechanisms, low-grade inflammation is critical for the development of insulin resistance as a feature of type 2 diabetes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family (NOD-like) pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the development of insulin resistance in various tissues; however, its role in the development of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle has not been explored in depth. Currently, there is limited evidence that supports the pathological role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in glucose handling in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals. Here, we have centered our focus on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, which is the main site of postprandial glucose disposal in humans. We discuss the current evidence showing that the NLRP3 inflammasome disturbs glucose homeostasis. We also review how NLRP3-associated interleukin and its gasdermin D-mediated efflux could affect insulin-dependent intracellular pathways. Finally, we address pharmacological NLRP3 inhibitors that may have a therapeutical use in obesity-related metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Javier Russell
- Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile; (M.M.-Á.); (D.V.-I.)
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Denisse Valladares-Ide
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile; (M.M.-Á.); (D.V.-I.)
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile;
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (G.B.); (M.E.)
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (G.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Paola Llanos
- Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-781-727
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21
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Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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22
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Vos DY, van de Sluis B. Function of the endolysosomal network in cholesterol homeostasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Mol Metab 2021; 50:101146. [PMID: 33348067 PMCID: PMC8324686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In addition to hepatic accumulation of triglycerides, dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is highly dependent on cellular cholesterol uptake and, subsequently, cholesterol transport to other membrane compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Scope of review The endolysosomal network is key for regulating cellular homeostasis and adaptation, and emerging evidence has shown that the endolysosomal network is crucial to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of the endolysosomal network in cholesterol homeostasis and its implications in MAFLD pathogenesis. Major conclusions Although multiple endolysosomal proteins have been identified in the regulation of cholesterol uptake, intracellular transport, and degradation, their physiological role is incompletely understood. Further research should elucidate their role in controlling metabolic homeostasis and development of fatty liver disease. The intracellular cholesterol transport is tightly regulated by the endocytic and lysosomal network. Dysfunction of the endolysosomal network affects hepatic lipid homeostasis. The endosomal sorting of lipoprotein receptors is precisely regulated and is not a bulk process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyonne Y Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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23
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Carotti S, Aquilano K, Valentini F, Ruggiero S, Alletto F, Morini S, Picardi A, Antonelli-Incalzi R, Lettieri-Barbato D, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U. An overview of deregulated lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with special focus on lysosomal acid lipase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G469-G480. [PMID: 32812776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are frequently complicated by excess fat accumulation in the liver, which is known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this context, liver steatosis develops as a result of the deregulation of pathways controlling de novo lipogenesis and fat catabolism. Recent evidences suggest the clinical relevance of a reduction in the activity of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is a key enzyme for intracellular fat disposal, in patients with NAFLD. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the critical steps in hepatic fat metabolism and alterations in these pathways in NAFLD, with a special focus on lipophagy and LAL activity. During NAFLD, hepatic fat metabolism is impaired at several levels, which is significantly contributed to by impaired lipophagy, in which reduced LAL activity may play an important role. For further research and intervention in NAFLD, targeting LAL activity may provide interesting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carotti
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Ruggiero
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Alletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Picardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Yadati T, Houben T, Bitorina A, Shiri-Sverdlov R. The Ins and Outs of Cathepsins: Physiological Function and Role in Disease Management. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071679. [PMID: 32668602 PMCID: PMC7407943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal proteases that are mainly found in acidic endo/lysosomal compartments where they play a vital role in intracellular protein degradation, energy metabolism, and immune responses among a host of other functions. The discovery that cathepsins are secreted and remain functionally active outside of the lysosome has caused a paradigm shift. Contemporary research has unraveled many versatile functions of cathepsins in extralysosomal locations including cytosol and extracellular space. Nevertheless, extracellular cathepsins are majorly upregulated in pathological states and are implicated in a wide range of diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Taking advantage of the differential expression of the cathepsins during pathological conditions, much research is focused on using cathepsins as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A tailored therapeutic approach using selective cathepsin inhibitors is constantly emerging to be safe and efficient. Moreover, recent development of proteomic-based approaches for the identification of novel physiological substrates offers a major opportunity to understand the mechanism of cathepsin action. In this review, we summarize the available evidence regarding the role of cathepsins in health and disease, discuss their potential as biomarkers of disease progression, and shed light on the potential of extracellular cathepsin inhibitors as safe therapeutic tools.
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25
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Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in metabolic diseases and Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:303-324. [PMID: 32739009 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal-lysosomal pathways and related autophagic processes are responsible for proteostasis, involving complexes between lysosomes and autophagosomes. Lysosomes are a key component of homeostasis, involved in cell signaling, metabolism, and quality control, and they experience functional compromise in metabolic diseases, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Many genetic mutations and risk factor genes associated with proteinopathies, as well as with metabolic diseases like diabetes, negatively influence endocytic trafficking and autophagic clearance. In contrast, health-improving exercise induces autophagy-lysosomal degradation, perhaps promoting efficient digestion of injured organelles so that undamaged organelles ensure cellular healthiness. Reductions in lysosomal hydrolases are implicated in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and lysosomal storage diseases, as well as obesity-related pathology, and members of the cathepsin enzyme family are involved in clearing both Aβ42 and α-synuclein. Upregulation of cathepsin hydrolases improves synaptic and memory functions in models of dementia and in exercising humans, thus identifying lysosomal-related systems as vital for healthy cognitive aging.
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26
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De Pasquale V, Moles A, Pavone LM. Cathepsins in the Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses: New Perspectives for Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040979. [PMID: 32326609 PMCID: PMC7227001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are ubiquitously expressed proteases normally found in the endolysosomal compartment where they mediate protein degradation and turnover. However, CTSs are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix where they actively participate in cell signaling, protein processing, and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membranes and between intracellular organelles. Dysregulation in CTS expression and/or activity disrupts cellular homeostasis, thus contributing to many human diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, and others. This review aimed to highlight the involvement of CTSs in inherited lysosomal storage disorders, with a primary focus to the emerging evidence on the role of CTSs in the pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). These latter diseases are characterized by severe neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular phenotypes, and no effective cure exists to date. The advance in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of CTSs in MPSs may open a new challenge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the cure of such intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
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27
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Zhu X, Yao P, Liu J, Guo X, Jiang C, Tang Y. Baicalein attenuates impairment of hepatic lysosomal acidification induced by high fat diet via maintaining V-ATPase assembly. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cathepsin B overexpression induces degradation of perilipin 1 to cause lipid metabolism dysfunction in adipocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:634. [PMID: 31959889 PMCID: PMC6971249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, caused by the dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT), is reportedly accompanied by exacerbation of lipolysis. Perilipin 1 (PLIN1), which forms a coat around lipid droplets, interacts with several lipolysis proteins to regulate lipolysis. While it is known that perilipin family proteins are degraded in lysosomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms related to the downregulated expression of PLIN1 in obese WAT remain unknown. Recently, we found that lysosomal dysfunction originating from an abnormality of cathepsin B (CTSB), a lysosomal representative protease, occurs in obese WAT. Therefore, we investigated the effect of CTSB alterations on PLIN1 expression in obese WAT. PLIN1 protein disappeared and CTSB protein appeared in the cytoplasm of adipocytes in the early stage of obese WAT. Overexpression of CTSB reduced PLIN1 protein in 3T3L1 adipocytes, and treatment with a CTSB inhibitor significantly recovered this reduction. In addition, CTSB overexpression induced the dysfunction of lipolysis in 3T3L1 adipocytes. Therefore, we concluded that upregulation of CTSB induced the reduction of PLIN1 protein in obese WAT, resulting in lipolysis dysfunction. This suggests a novel pathology of lipid metabolism involving PLIN1 in adipocytes and that CTSB might be a therapeutic candidate molecule for obese WAT.
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