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Eriten B, Caglayan C, Gür C, Küçükler S, Diril H. Hepatoprotective effects of zingerone on sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulating the levels of caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, NLRP3/NF-κB/TNF-α and ATF6/IRE1/PERK/GRP78 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150258. [PMID: 38897041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to several illnesses, including hypertension, diabetes, hepatic and renal diseases and cardiovascular malfunction. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether zingerone (ZN) could shield rats against the hepatotoxicity that sodium arsenite (SA) causes. METHODS The following five groups of thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were created: I) Control; received normal saline, II) ZN; received ZN, III) SA; received SA, IV) SA + ZN 25; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 25 mg/kg body weight ZN, and V) SA + ZN 50; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 50 mg/kg body weight ZN. The experiment lasted 14 days, and the rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. While oxidative stress parameters were studied by spectrophotometric method, apoptosis, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress parameters were measured by RT-PCR method. RESULTS The SA disrupted the histological architecture and integrity of the liver and enhanced oxidative damage by lowering antioxidant enzyme activity, such as those of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissue. Additionally, SA increased the mRNA transcript levels of Bcl2 associated x (Bax), caspases (-3, -6, -9), apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), MAPK15, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in the liver tissue. Also produced endoplasmic reticulum stress by raising the mRNA transcript levels of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78). These factors together led to inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. On the other hand, liver tissue treated with ZN at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg showed significant improvement in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study's data suggest that administering ZN may be able to lessen the liver damage caused by SA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Eriten
- Department of Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halit Diril
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Al Azzani M, Nizami ZN, Magramane R, Sekkal MN, Eid AH, Al Dhaheri Y, Iratni R. Phytochemical-mediated modulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress as a cancer therapeutic approach. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38961675 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are conserved processes that generally promote survival, but can induce cell death when physiological thresholds are crossed. The pro-survival aspects of these processes are exploited by cancer cells for tumor development and progression. Therefore, anticancer drugs targeting autophagy or ER stress to induce cell death and/or block the pro-survival aspects are being investigated extensively. Consistently, several phytochemicals have been reported to exert their anticancer effects by modulating autophagy and/or ER stress. Various phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol, curcumin, emodin, resveratrol, among others) activate the unfolded protein response to induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis through different pathways. Similarly, various phytochemicals induce autophagy through different mechanisms (namely mechanistic target of Rapamycin [mTOR] inhibition). However, phytochemical-induced autophagy can function either as a cytoprotective mechanism or as programmed cell death type II. Interestingly, at times, the same phytochemical (e.g., 6-gingerol, emodin, shikonin, among others) can induce cytoprotective autophagy or programmed cell death type II depending on cellular contexts, such as cancer type. Although there is well-documented mechanistic interplay between autophagy and ER stress, only a one-way modulation was noted with some phytochemicals (carnosol, capsaicin, cryptotanshinone, guangsangon E, kaempferol, and δ-tocotrienol): ER stress-dependent autophagy. Plant extracts are sources of potent phytochemicals and while numerous phytochemicals have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, the search for novel phytochemicals with anticancer effects is ongoing from plant extracts used in traditional medicine (e.g., Origanum majorana). Nonetheless, the clinical translation of phytochemicals, a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics, is hindered by several limitations that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazoun Al Azzani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rym Magramane
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed N Sekkal
- Department of Surgery, Specialty Orthopedic, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yusra Al Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Simbilyabo LZ, Yang L, Wen J, Liu Z. The unfolded protein response machinery in glioblastoma genesis, chemoresistance and as a druggable target. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14839. [PMID: 39021040 PMCID: PMC11255034 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been progressively unveiled over the last decade and several studies have investigated its implication in glioblastoma (GB) development. The UPR restores cellular homeostasis by triggering the folding and clearance of accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER consecutive to endoplasmic reticulum stress. In case it is overwhelmed, it induces apoptotic cell death. Thus, holding a critical role in cell fate decisions. METHODS This article, reviews how the UPR is implicated in cell homeostasis maintenance, then surveils the evidence supporting the UPR involvement in GB genesis, progression, angiogenesis, GB stem cell biology, tumor microenvironment modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell fate decision, invasiveness, and grading. Next, it concurs the evidence showing how the UPR mediates GB chemoresistance-related mechanisms. RESULTS The UPR stress sensors IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 with their regulator GRP78 are upregulated in GB compared to lower grade gliomas and normal brain tissue. They are activated in response to oncogenes and are implicated at different stages of GB progression, from its genesis to chemoresistance and relapse. The UPR arms can be effectors of apoptosis as mediators or targets. CONCLUSION Recent research has established the role of the UPR in GB pathophysiology and chemoresistance. Targeting its different sensors have shown promising in overcoming GB chomo- and radioresistance and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucette Z. Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Zheng Y, Meng H, Jiang X, Huang S. Bombyx mori UFL1 facilitates BmNPV proliferation by regulating host cell apoptosis through PERK. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22127. [PMID: 38976652 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is attached to protein substrates through the sequential activity of an E1 (UBA5)-E2 (UFC1)-E3 (UFL1) cascade. UFL1 is the E3 ligase for UFMylation in vertebrates. However, there have been no studies on UFL1 in silkworm to date. In this study, we identified a UFL1 ortholog in Bombyx mori genome. Spatio-temporal expression profiles showed that BmUFL1 expression was high in the midgut, epidermis, and testis and in the pupa-adult stage. BmUFL1 knockdown inhibited B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) proliferation, while BmUFL1 overexpression promoted BmNPV proliferation. Mechanically, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling and cell apoptosis are involved in BmUFL1-regulated BmNPV proliferation. Overall, these results suggest that BmUFL1 facilitates BmNPV proliferation in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haonan Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shoujun Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Ene CD, Nicolae I, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Ene C, Matei C, Leulescu IMT, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Capusa C. The Cellular Stress and Cutaneous Manifestations in Renal Cell Carcinomas-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3640. [PMID: 38999207 PMCID: PMC11242689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The carcinomas originating from the renal cortex are the most aggressive renal malignancies, with a high tendency for metastasis. Understanding the incidence of cutaneous manifestations caused by renal carcinomas is a challenge. In the first part, this article summarizes a series of factors that promote oncogenesis, invasiveness, and the ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to develop secondary cutaneous manifestations. It is postulated that the cellular stress response is one of the leading causes of developing dermatological events induced by cancers located at distant sites. Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of cutaneous complications associated with renal cancer, categorized as malignant manifestations (metastases, synchronous or metachronous cutaneous malignancies associated with renal cancer), non-malignant indirect cutaneous manifestations associated with renal cancer, and treatment consequences. The data presented in this article suggest that recognizing certain cutaneous disorders could assist the physician in the early identification of renal neoplasms and could lead to a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Research Department, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Ene
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Saint John” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti, 042122 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Cristina Capusa
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
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Lior C, Barki D, Halperin C, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Kelsen D, Shouval RS. Mapping the tumor stress network reveals dynamic shifts in the stromal oxidative stress response. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114236. [PMID: 38758650 PMCID: PMC11156623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents cells with challenges such as variable pH, hypoxia, and free radicals, triggering stress responses that affect cancer progression. In this study, we examine the stress response landscape in four carcinomas-breast, pancreas, ovary, and prostate-across five pathways: heat shock, oxidative stress, hypoxia, DNA damage, and unfolded protein stress. Using a combination of experimental and computational methods, we create an atlas of stress responses across various types of carcinomas. We find that stress responses vary within the TME and are especially active near cancer cells. Focusing on the non-immune stroma we find, across tumor types, that NRF2 and the oxidative stress response are distinctly activated in immune-regulatory cancer-associated fibroblasts and in a unique subset of cancer-associated pericytes. Our study thus provides an interactome of stress responses in cancer, offering ways to intersect survival pathways within the tumor, and advance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lior
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Debra Barki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Coral Halperin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kelsen
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Scherz- Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Granek Z, Barczuk J, Saramowicz K, Majsterek I. NCI 159456 PERK Inhibitor as a Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:889. [PMID: 38672243 PMCID: PMC11048160 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the most common histological type of lung cancer, characterized by a five-year survival rate of 15% and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence indicates a prominent role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-dependent pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Increased expression of downstream targets of PERK was observed in various subtypes of NSCLC, and it was associated with a more aggressive phenotype, high risk of recurrence, and poor prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biological effect of the selective PERK inhibitor NCI 159456 on A549 NSCLC cells and Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts (HPF) in vitro. Treatment of both normal and ER-stressed A549 cells with NCI 159456 resulted in a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of pro-apoptotic genes like activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), and BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator (BAX) as well as a decreased level of the anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses revealed that NCI 159456 significantly decreased viability and increased DNA damage in A549 cells under normal and ER stress conditions. Caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays demonstrated that NCI 159456 significantly induced apoptosis and increased the ROS level in normal and ER-stressed A549 cells. Importantly, treatment with the inhibitor did not affect substantially normal HPF cells at any used concentration. The results indicate that PERK inhibitors could potentially be applied as a targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (G.G.); (N.S.); (Z.G.); (J.B.); (K.S.)
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Xiang F, Zhang H, Jing R, Zheng J, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X. Yingxiang Acupoint Embedding Improves Mucosal Barrier Function in Rats with Local Allergic Rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38588639 DOI: 10.1159/000537684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial barrier disruption is the initial cause of various diseases. We previously reported that acupoint catgut embedding (AE) improves tight junction proteins (TJs) in rats with allergic rhinitis. However, whether AE improves the epithelial barrier in local allergic rhinitis (LAR) remains unknown. METHODS A total of 36 Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats aged 5-7 weeks were divided into 6 groups with 6 rats each: control group, LAR model group, false acupoint embedding + LAR group, acupoint embedding + LAR group, capsaicin + LAR group, and tunicamycin + acupoint embedding + LAR group. Behavioral observation, ELISA to detect inflammatory factors in nasal lavage fluid and serum IgE, nasal mucosal permeability test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, PCR to detect Substance P (SP), Western blot, and immunofluorescence to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) index and TJs were used to investigate the mechanism of AE in LAR. RESULTS AE improved the symptoms and pathological features of nasal mucosa of LAR rats, reduced the inflammatory factors (IL4, IL5, IL13) of nasal lavage fluid, and showed no significant change in serum IgE levels in all groups. In addition, AE decreased the expression of SP in nasal mucosa of LAR rats, inhibited ERS, increased the expression of tight junction protein, reduced the permeability of nasal mucosa, and improved the function of nasal mucosal barrier. CONCLUSION This study confirms that AE can improve the nasal mucosal barrier function of LAR by reducing the expression of SP, inhibiting ERS and increasing the expression of TJs, thus enhancing the nasal mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,
| | - Hui Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Lin YS, Sun Z, Shen LS, Gong RH, Chen JW, Xu Y, Yu H, Chen S, Chen GQ. Arnicolide D induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated oncosis via ATF4 and CHOP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:134. [PMID: 38472168 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can trigger various cell death mechanisms beyond apoptosis, providing promise in cancer treatment. Oncosis, characterized by cellular swelling and increased membrane permeability, represents a non-apoptotic form of cell death. In our study, we discovered that Arnicolide D (AD), a natural sesquiterpene lactone compound, induces ER stress-mediated oncosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and this process is reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent. Furthermore, we identified the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway during ER stress as a pivotal factor in AD-induced oncosis. Notably, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) was found to effectively reverse AD-induced oncosis, suggesting ATF4 and CHOP may hold crucial roles in the induction of oncosis by AD. These proteins play a vital part in promoting protein synthesis during ER stress, ultimately leading to cell death. Subsequent studies, in where we individually or simultaneously knocked down ATF4 and CHOP in HCC cells, provided further confirmation of their indispensable roles in AD-induced oncosis. Moreover, additional animal experiments not only substantiated AD's ability to inhibit HCC tumor growth but also solidified the essential role of ER stress-mediated and ROS-dependent oncosis in AD's therapeutic potential. In summary, our research findings strongly indicate that AD holds promise as a therapeutic agent for HCC by its ability to induce oncosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Li-Sha Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China
| | - Rui-Hong Gong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China.
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guo-Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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Zamani M, Bozorg-Ghalati F, Mokarram P. Melittin as an Activator of the Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response Pathways in Colorectal HCT116 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 28:46-52. [PMID: 38445441 PMCID: PMC10994640 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background The potential anticancer effect of melittin has motivated scientists to find its exact molecular mechanism of action. There are few data on the effect of melittin on the UPR and autophagy as two critical pathways involved in tumorigenesis of colorectal and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melittin on these pathways in the colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 cells. Methods MTT method was carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of melittin on the HCT116 cell line for 24, 48, and 72 h. After selecting the optimal concentrations and treatment times, the gene expression of autophagy flux markers (LC3-βII and P62) and UPR markers (CHOP and XBP-1s) were determined using qRT-PCR. The protein level of autophagy initiation marker (Beclin1) was also determined by Western blotting. Results MTT assay showed a cytotoxic effect of melittin on the HCT116 cells. The increase in LC3-βII and decrease in P62 mRNA expression levels, along with the elevation in the Beclin1 protein level, indicated the stimulatory role of melittin on the autophagy. Melittin also significantly enhanced the CHOP and XBP-1s expressions at mRNA level, suggesting the positive role of the melittin on the UPR activation. Conclusion This study shows that UPR and autophagy can potentially be considered as two key signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, which can be targeted by the BV melittin in the HCT116 cells. Further in vivo evaluations are recommended to verify the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wu H, Zhang Y, Liang J, Wu J, Zhang Y, Su H, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Shen S, Wang L, Zou X, Hang C, Zhang S, Lv Y. Lithium chloride induces apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101792. [PMID: 37806114 PMCID: PMC10579530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium compounds, a classic class of metal complex medicine that target GSK 3β and are widely known as mood-stabilizer, have recently been reported as potential anti-tumor drugs. The objective of this investigation was to explore the anticancer potential of lithium chloride (LiCl) and elucidate its mode of action in pancreatic cancer cells. The MTT, colony formation, and Edu assay were used to evaluate the impact of LiCl on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Various methods were employed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of LiCl and its underlying mechanisms. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis detection assays were utilized for in vitro experiments, while the orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of LiCl treatment in vivo. Furthermore, the impact of LiCl on the proliferation of patient-derived organoids was also studied. The results demonstrated that LiCl inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, induced G2/M phase arrest, and activated apoptosis. Notably, the triggering of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by LiCl was observed, leading to the activation of the PERK/CHOP/GADD34 pathway, which subsequently promoted apoptosis in PC cells. In the future, Lithium compounds could become an essential adjunct in the treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Red Cross Hospital, No. 242, Baixia Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 21000 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianzhuang Wu
- Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210033 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haochen Su
- Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cheng Hang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang 215400 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wang X, Wang M, Cai M, Shao R, Xia G, Zhao W. Miriplatin-loaded liposome, as a novel mitophagy inducer, suppresses pancreatic cancer proliferation through blocking POLG and TFAM-mediated mtDNA replication. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4477-4501. [PMID: 37969736 PMCID: PMC10638513 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a more aggressive and refractory malignancy. Resistance and toxicity limit drug efficacy. Herein, we report a lower toxic and higher effective miriplatin (MPt)-loaded liposome, LMPt, exhibiting totally different anti-cancer mechanism from previously reported platinum agents. Both in gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant/sensitive (GEM-R/S) pancreatic cancer cells, LMPt exhibits prominent anti-cancer activity, led by faster cellular entry-induced larger accumulation of MPt. The level of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) determines entry rate and switch of entry pathways of LMPt, indicating a novel role of Cav-1 in nanoparticle entry. After endosome-lysosome processing, in unchanged metabolite, MPt is released and targets mitochondria to enhance binding of mitochondria protease LONP1 with POLG and TFAM, to degrade POLG and TFAM. Then, via PINK1-Parkin axis, mitophagy is induced by POLG and TFAM degradation-initiated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication blocking. Additionally, POLG and TFAM are identified as novel prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer, and mtDNA replication-induced mitophagy blocking mediates their pro-cancer activity. Our findings reveal that the target of this liposomal platinum agent is mitochondria but not DNA (target of most platinum agents), and totally distinct mechanism of MPt and other formulations of MPt. Self-assembly offers LMPt special efficacy and mechanisms. Prominent action and characteristic mechanism make LMPt a promising cancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Liu H, Xu L, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Pan Y, Li W, Xu L, Xu X, Wang T, Meng K, He J, Qiu Y, Xu G, Ge W, Zhu Y, Wang L. Copper Increases the Sensitivity of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells to Tripterine by Inhibiting TMX2-Mediated Unfolded Protein Reaction Activation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300913. [PMID: 37119498 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced adaptive resistance is a significant factor that contributes to low therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a key mechanism in the development of drug resistance and serves as a critical reactive system for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cu(II) can reduce the abundance of 60S ribosomal subunits and inhibit rRNA processing, leading to a decrease in the translation efficiency of the GRP78/BiP mRNA, which serves as a primary sensor for UPR activation. In this study, CuET-Lipid@Cela, composed of CuET and tripterine (Cela), demonstrates a significant synergistic antitumor effect on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. RNA-Seq is used to investigate the underlying mechanism, which suggests that the transmembrane protein 2 (TMX2) gene may be crucial in Cu(II) regulation of UPR by inhibiting the activation of GRP78/BiP and PERK/eIF2α. The synergistic antitumor efficacy of CuET-Lipid@Cela via inhibition of TMX2 is also confirmed in a myrAKT/YapS127A plasmid-induced primary CCA mouse model, providing new insights into the reversal of acquired chemotherapy-induced resistance in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Zhangding Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yani Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Kui Meng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
- Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
- Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 21008, P. R. China
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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Pawlak A. An initial characterisation of the Unfolded Protein Response pathway in haematopoietic canine cancer cell lines - a necessary step for the future development of new therapies in dogs with neoplasia. J Vet Res 2023; 67:447-458. [PMID: 37818142 PMCID: PMC10561074 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction New and more effective therapies for canine cancer patients are urgently required and this necessitates advanced experimental research. Dogs are good models for studies in comparative oncology; however, canine cancer cell biology research is currently limited by low availability of validated antibody reagents and techniques. This study characterises the expression of key components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in a panel of haematopoietic canine cancer cell lines using commercially available antibodies, and validates the methods used to study this pathway. Material and Methods The CLBL-1 canine lymphoma cell line and the GL-1 canine leukaemia cell line sourced externally and two counterparts established in house (CNK-89 and CLB70) were used as models of different lymphoma and leukaemia canine cell lines for the study. The human U2OS cell line served as the control. Antibodies were selected for identifying UPR proteins according to known canine cell reactivity and canine-murine and canine-human homology. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced with thapsigargin and MG132 in the cell lines. Etoposide was used to induce DNA damage in the cells. The techniques used for this validation analysis were RNA sequencing to observe the expression of UPR components in canine cell lines, Western blot to observe changes of protein expression levels after inducing ER stress in the cells, and flow cytometry in order to study cell death. Results Substantial variations in both the basic expression and agonist-induced activation of the UPR pathway were observed in canine cancer cell lines, although the biological significance of these differences requires further investigation. Conclusion These findings will be a starting point for future studies on cancer biology in dogs. They will also contribute to developing novel anticancer therapies for canine patients and may provide new insights into human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna38071, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
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Talukdar G, Orr HT, Lei Z. The PERK pathway: beneficial or detrimental for neurodegenerative diseases and tumor growth and cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2545-2557. [PMID: 37384418 PMCID: PMC10407711 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) is one of the three major sensors in the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is involved in the modulation of protein synthesis as an adaptive response. Prolonged PERK activity correlates with the development of diseases and the attenuation of disease severity. Thus, the current debate focuses on the role of the PERK signaling pathway either in accelerating or preventing diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, myelin disorders, and tumor growth and cancer. In this review, we examine the current findings on the PERK signaling pathway and whether it is beneficial or detrimental for the above-mentioned disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourango Talukdar
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Beilankouhi EAV, Sajadi MA, Alipourfard I, Hassani P, Valilo M, Safaralizadeh R. Role of the ER-induced UPR pathway, apoptosis, and autophagy in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154706. [PMID: 37499516 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
When large amounts of misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to stress, a process called unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. The disruption of this process leads to many diseases including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and many cancers. In the process of UPR in response to stress and unfolded proteins, specific signaling pathways are induced in the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently transmitted to the nucleus and cytoplasm, causing homeostasis and restoring the cell's normal condition with reducing protein translation and synthesis. The UPR response followed by stress enhancement balances cell survival with death, therefore in this condition cells decide either to survive or have the path of apoptosis ahead. However, in some cases, this balance is disturbed and the UPR pathway is chronically activated or not activated and the cell conditions lead to cancer. This study aimed to briefly investigate the association between ER stress, UPR, apoptosis, and autophagy in colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, in current study, we will try to demonstrate canonical ways and methods for the treatment of CRC cells with attenuated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Insttue of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peyman Hassani
- DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shahrestanaki MK, Mirjani A, Ghanadian M, Aghaei M. Cycloartane triterpenoid from Euphorbia macrostegia modulates ER stress signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1749-1758. [PMID: 36826495 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is involved in breast cancer (BC) progression and drug resistance. Many natural products (NPs) could modulate UPR and used for therapeutic purposes. Herein, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Cycloart-23E-ene-3β, 25-diol (Cycloart-E25), cytotoxicity, as a NP extracted from Euphorbia macrostegia and focused on endoplasmic-reticulum stress (ERS) and UPR signaling pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were probed by DCFDA fluorescence dye. Apoptosis was assayed by annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), immunoblotting of anti- and proapoptotic, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) changes. Thioflavin T (ThT) staining and immunoblotting of UPR signaling components (CHOP, PERK, ATF6, BiP, and XBP1) were recruited for the assessment of ERS. Our results indicated that Cycloart-E25 noticeably increases ROS levels in both MB-231 MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines, p>0.05. Flow cytometry assessments revealed an increase in the cell population undergoing apoptosis. Also, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in a dose-dependent manner following Cycloart-E25 treatment, significantly, p>0.05. Mitochondrial involvement could be deduced by significant decreases in ΔΨm, p>0.05. Cycloart-E25 potently induces protein aggregation and upregulated CHOP, PERK, ATF6, BiP, and XBP1 factors in both MDA-MB-231 MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines, indicating the involvement of ERS in Cycloart-E25-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, Cycloart-E25 increased the accumulation of misfolded proteins and upregulated UPR components. Therefore, induction of ERS may be involved in the trigger of apoptosis in BC cell lines. Cycloart-E25 induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines through ERS. More assessments are needed to confirm its in vivo anti-tumoral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keyvaloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, I.R, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mirjani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R, Iran.
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18
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Li Y, He Q, He CY, Cai C, Chen Z, Duan JZ. Activating transcription factor 4 drives the progression of diabetic cardiac fibrosis. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37290760 PMCID: PMC10375070 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of serious complications of diabetic patients. This study investigated the biological function of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in DC. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptozotocin-treated mice and high glucose (HG)-exposed HL-1 cells were used as the in vivo and in vitro models of DC. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left coronary artery ligation in mice. Cardiac functional parameters were detected by echocardiography. Target molecule expression was determined by real time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cardiac fibrosis was observed by haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's staining. Cardiac apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling. Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and levels of malonic dialdehyde and reactive oxygen species were used to assess oxidative stress damage. Molecular mechanisms were evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase assay, and co-immunoprecipitation. ATF4 was up-regulated in the DC and MI mice (P < 0.01). Down-regulation of ATF4 improved cardiac function as evidenced by changes in cardiac functional parameters (P < 0.01), inhibited myocardial collagen I (P < 0.001) and collagen III (P < 0.001) expression, apoptosis (P < 0.001), and oxidative stress (P < 0.001) in diabetic mice. Collagen I (P < 0.01) and collagen III (P < 0.01) expression was increased in MI mice, which was reversed by ATF4 silencing (P < 0.05). ATF4 depletion enhanced viability (P < 0.01), repressed apoptosis (P < 0.001), oxidative damage (P < 0.001), and collagen I (P < 0.001), and collagen III (P < 0.001) expression of HG-stimulated HL-1 cells. ATF4 transcriptionally activated Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2, P < 0.001) to promote ubiquitination and degradation of homeodomain interacting protein kinase-2 (P < 0.001) and subsequently caused inactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway (P < 0.001). The inhibitory effects of ATF4 silencing on HG-induced apoptosis (P < 0.01), oxidative injury (P < 0.01), collagen I (P < 0.001), and collagen III (P < 0.001) expression were reversed by Smurf2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS ATF4 facilitates diabetic cardiac fibrosis and oxidative stress by promoting Smurf2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of homeodomain interacting protein kinase-2 and then inactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway, suggesting ATF4 as a treatment target for DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Cardiology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Chao-Yong He
- Department of Cardiology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Jing-Zhu Duan
- Department of Respiratory, Shiyan Taihe Hospital (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
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Yu Q, Shi W, Li S, Liu H, Zhang J. Emerging Advancements in Piezoelectric Nanomaterials for Dynamic Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073170. [PMID: 37049933 PMCID: PMC10095813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, having spurred researchers to explore effective therapeutic strategies for several centuries. Although efficacious, conventional chemotherapy usually introduces various side effects, such as cytotoxicity or multi−drug resistance. In recent decades, nanomaterials, possessing unique physical and chemical properties, have been used for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. Dynamic therapies, which can kill target cells using reactive oxygen species (ROS), are promising for tumor treatment, as they overcome the drawbacks of chemotherapy methods. Piezoelectric nanomaterials, featuring a unique property to convert ultrasound vibration energy into electrical energy, have also attracted increasing attention in biomedical research, as the piezoelectric effect can drive chemical reactions to generate ROS, leading to the newly emerging technique of ultrasound−driven tumor therapy. Piezoelectric materials are expected to bring a better solution for efficient and safe cancer treatment, as well as patient pain relief. In this review article, we highlight the most recent achievements of piezoelectric biomaterials for tumor therapy, including the mechanism of piezoelectric catalysis, conventional piezoelectric materials, modified piezoelectric materials and multifunctional piezoelectric materials for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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20
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Choi YM, Kim DH, Jang J, Choe WH, Kim BJ. rt269L-Type hepatitis B virus (HBV) in genotype C infection leads to improved mitochondrial dynamics via the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis in an HBx protein-dependent manner. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:26. [PMID: 36997871 PMCID: PMC10064691 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous report, the rt269I type versus the rt269L type in genotype C2 infection led to poor clinical outcomes and enhanced mitochondrial stress in infected hepatocytes. Here, we sought to investigate differences between the rt269L and rt269I types in mitochondrial functionality in hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C2 infection, mainly focusing on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy induction as an upstream signal. METHODS Mitochondrial functionality, ER stress signaling, autophagy induction, and apoptotic cell death between rt269L-type and rt269I-type groups were investigated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Serum samples were collected from 187 chronic hepatitis patients who visited Konkuk or Seoul National University Hospital. RESULTS Our data revealed that genotype C rt269L versus rt269I infection led to improved mitochondrial dynamics and enhanced autophagic flux, mainly due to the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the traits found in genotype C rt269L infection were mainly due to increased stability of the HBx protein after deubiquitination. In addition, clinical data using patient sera from two independent Korean cohorts showed that, compared with rt269I, rt269L in infection led to lower 8-OHdG levels, further supporting its improved mitochondrial quality control. CONCLUSION Our data showed that, compared with the rt269I type, the rt269L type, which presented exclusively in HBV genotype C infection, leads to improved mitochondrial dynamics or bioenergetics, mainly due to autophagy induction via activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 axis in an HBx protein-dependent manner. This suggests that HBx stability and cellular quality control in the rt269L type predominating in genotype C endemic areas could at least partly contribute to some distinctive traits of genotype C infection, such as higher infectivity or longer duration of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Liver Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Seoul National University Medical Research Center (SNUMRC), Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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21
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Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Leroy K, Mihajlovic M, De Boever S, Vanbellingen S, Cogliati B, Aerts JL, Vinken M. Evaluation of functional candidate biomarkers of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity in human liver spheroid co-cultures. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1739-1751. [PMID: 36941454 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Validated in vitro assays for testing non-genotoxic carcinogenic potential of chemicals are currently not available. Consequently, the two-year rodent bioassay remains the gold standard method for the identification of these chemicals. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have provided a comprehensive understanding of the non-genotoxic carcinogenic processes, however, functional changes induced by effects at transcriptional and translational levels have not been addressed. The present study was set up to test a number of proposed in vitro biomarkers of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity at the functional level using a translational 3-dimensional model. Spheroid cultures of human hepatocytes and stellate cells were exposed to 5 genotoxic carcinogenic, 5 non-genotoxic carcinogenic, and 5 non-carcinogenic chemical compounds and assessed for oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. The spheroid model could capture many of these events triggered by the genotoxic carcinogenic chemicals, particularly aflatoxin B1 and hydroquinone. Nonetheless, no clear distinction could be made between genotoxic and non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenicity. Therefore, spheroid cultures of human liver cells may be appropriate in vitro tools for mechanistic investigation of chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenicity, however, these mechanisms and their read-outs do not seem to be eligible biomarkers for detecting non-genotoxic carcinogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milos Mihajlovic
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybren De Boever
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vanbellingen
- Entity of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Entity of Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Liu X, Wu B, Chen H, Sun H, Guo X, Sun T, Zhou D, Yang S. Intense endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) / IRE1α enhanced Oxaliplatin efficacy by decreased ABCC10 in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1369. [PMID: 36585626 PMCID: PMC9805014 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuated Oxaliplatin efficacy is a challenge in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, contributory to the failure in chemotherapy and the risks in relapse and metastasis. However, the mechanism of Oxaliplatin de-efficacy during CRC treatment has not been completely elucidated. METHODS Microarray screening, western blot and qPCR on clinic CRC samples were conducted to select the target gene ABCC10 transporter. The Cancer Genome Atlas data was analyzed to figure out the correlation between the clinical manifestation and ABCC10 expression. ABCC10 knock-down in CRC cells was conducted to identify its role in the Oxaliplatin resistance. Cell counting kit-8 assay was conducted to identify the CRC cell viability and Oxaliplatin IC50. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell apoptosis exposed to Oxaliplatin. The intracellular Oxaliplatin accumulation was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS CRC patients with higher ABCC10 were prone to relapse and metastasis. Differential ABCC10 expression in multiple CRC cell lines revealed a strong positive correlation between ABCC10 expression level and decreased Oxaliplatin response. In ABCC10 knock-down CRC cells the Oxaliplatin sensitivity was evidently elevated due to an increase of intracellular Oxaliplatin accumulation resulted from the diminished drug efflux. To explore a strategy to block ABCC10 in CRC cells, we paid a special interest in the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) / unfolded protein response (UPR) that plays a dual role in tumor development. We found that neither the inhibition of ERS nor the induction of mild ERS had anti-CRC effect. However, the CRC cell viability was profoundly decreased and the pro-apoptotic factor CHOP and apoptosis were increased by the induction of intense ERS. Significantly, the Oxaliplatin sensitivity of CRC cells was enhanced in response to the intense ERS, which was blocked by inhibiting IRE1α branch of UPR. Finally, we figured out that the intense ERS down-regulated ABCC10 expression via regulated IRE1-dependent decay activity. CONCLUSION Oxaliplatin was a substrate of ABCC10 efflux transporter. The intense ERS/IRE1α enhanced Oxaliplatin efficacy through down-regulating ABCC10 in addition to inducing CHOP. We suggested that introduction of intense ERS/UPR could be a promising strategy to restore chemo-sensitivity when used in combination with Oxaliplatin or other chemotherapeutic drugs pumped out by ABCC10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Bo Wu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Hong Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Haimei Sun
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XExperimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Tingyi Sun
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Shu Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, 100069 China
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23
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Increasing Stress to Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010577. [PMID: 36614019 PMCID: PMC9820188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in pancreatic cancer are among many factors leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To restore cellular homeostasis, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates as an adaptive mechanism through either the IRE1α, PERK, or ATF6 pathways to reduce the translational load and process unfolded proteins, thus enabling tumor cells to proliferate. Under severe and prolonged ER stress, however, the UPR may promote adaptation, senescence, or apoptosis under these same pathways if homeostasis is not restored. In this review, we present evidence that high levels of ER stress and UPR activation are present in pancreatic cancer. We detail the mechanisms by which compounds activate one or many of the three arms of the UPR and effectuate downstream apoptosis and examine available data on the pre-clinical and clinical-phase ER stress inducers with the potential for anti-tumor efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we hypothesize a potential new approach to targeting pancreatic cancer by increasing levels of ER stress and UPR activation to incite apoptotic cell death.
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24
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Kong Y, Jiang J, Huang Y, Li L, Liu X, Jin Z, Wei F, Liu X, Zhang S, Duan X, Zhang Y, Tong Q, Chen H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in melanoma pathogenesis and resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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Ramírez-Patiño R, Avalos-Navarro G, Figuera LE, Varela-Hernández JJ, Bautista-Herrera LA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Gallegos-Arreola MP. Influence of nitric oxide signaling mechanisms in cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221135454. [PMID: 36260949 PMCID: PMC9585559 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221135454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule with multiple biological functions that is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as neurotransmission and blood vessel relaxation as well as the endocrine system, immune system, growth factors, and cancer. However, in the carcinogenesis process, it has a dual behavior; at low doses, NO regulates homeostatic functions, while at high concentrations, it promotes tissue damage or acts as an agent for immune defense against microorganisms. Thus, its participation in the carcinogenic process is controversial. Cancer is a multifactorial disease that presents complex behavior. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the initiation, promotion, and progression of neoplastic processes is required. Some hypotheses have been proposed regarding the influence of NO in activating oncogenic pathways that trigger carcinogenic processes, because NO might regulate some signaling pathways thought to promote cancer development and more aggressive tumor growth. Additionally, NO inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells, together with the deregulation of proteins that are involved in tissue homeostasis, promoting spreading to other organs and initiating metastatic processes. This paper describes the signaling pathways that are associated with cancer, and how the concentration of NO can serve a beneficial or pathological function in the initiation and promotion of neoplastic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramírez-Patiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCIÉNEGA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán Jalisco, México
| | - G Avalos-Navarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCIÉNEGA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán Jalisco, México
| | - LE Figuera
- División de Génetica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara Jalisco, México,Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - JJ Varela-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCIÉNEGA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán Jalisco, México
| | - LA Bautista-Herrera
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - JF Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS) Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - MP Gallegos-Arreola
- División de Génetica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara Jalisco, México,Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola, División de Genética CIBO, IMSS, Sierra Mojada 800, Col, Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México.
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26
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Proteasome Inhibitors and Their Potential Applicability in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194544. [PMID: 36230467 PMCID: PMC9559645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone cancer has seen minimal benefits in therapeutic options in the past 30 years. Proteasome inhibitors present a new avenue of research for the treatment of bone cancer. Proteasome inhibitors impair the function of the proteasome, a structure within the cell that removes unwanted and misfolded proteins. Bone cancer cells heavily rely on the proteasome to properly function and survive. Impairing the proteasome function can have detrimental consequences and lead to cell death. This review provides a thorough summary of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research that has explored proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of bone cancer. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, with ~30% of patients developing secondary/metastatic tumors. The molecular complexity of tumor metastasis and the lack of effective therapies for OS has cultivated interest in exploiting the proteasome as a molecular target for anti-cancer therapy. As our understanding towards the behavior of malignant cells expands, it is evident that cancerous cells display a greater reliance on the proteasome to maintain homeostasis and sustain efficient biological activities. This led to the development and approval of first- and second-generation proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which have improved outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Researchers have since postulated the therapeutic potential of PIs for the treatment of OS. As such, this review aims to summarize the biological effects and latest findings from clinical trials investigating PI-based treatments for OS. Integrating PIs into current treatment regimens may better outcomes for patients diagnosed with OS.
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27
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Ben Othmène Y, Monceaux K, Belhadef A, Karoui A, Ben Salem I, Boussabbeh M, Abid-Essefi S, Lemaire C. Triazole fungicide tebuconazole induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103919. [PMID: 35753672 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a common triazole fungicide that has been widely applied in the treatment of fungal diseases. It is reported that TEB could exert harmful effects on mammals' health. However, the molecular mechanism involved in TEB toxicity remain undefined. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of TEB-induced toxicity in intestinal cells. We found that TEB stimulates apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, TEB triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as demonstrated by the activation of the three arms of unfolded protein response (UPR). The incubation with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) alleviated ER stress and reduced TEB-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ER stress plays an important role in mediating TEB-induced toxicity. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited TEB-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that TEB exerts its toxic effects in HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis through ROS-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ben Othmène
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kevin Monceaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anissa Belhadef
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ahmed Karoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, 4000, Tunisia
| | - Manel Boussabbeh
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Christophe Lemaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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28
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Identifying a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum-Related Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinomas. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8248355. [PMID: 35915607 PMCID: PMC9338738 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8248355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the standpoint of the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), we were interested in identifying hub genes that impact clinical prognosis for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) patients and developing an ER-related prognostic model. Using TCGA-LIHC (The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma) and GSE14520 datasets, we conducted a series of analyses, which included differential gene screening, clinical prognostic analysis, Lasso regression, nomogram prediction, tumour clustering, gene functional enrichment, and tumour infiltration of immune cells. Following our screening for ER-related genes (
), we conducted a Lasso regression model to obtain five hub genes, KPNA2, FMO3, SPP1, KIF2C, and LPCAT1, using TCGA-LIHC as a training set. According to risk scores, HCC samples within either the TCGG-LIHC or GSE14520 cohort were categorized into high- and low-risk groups. Compared to the high-risk group of HCC patients, patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis of OS (overall survival) or RFS (relapse-free survival). For TCGA-LIHC training set, with the factors of risk score, stage, age, and sex, we plotted a nomogram for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival predictions. Our model demonstrated better clinical validity in both TCGA-LIHC and GSE14520 cohorts. Additionally, events related to biological enzyme activity, biological metabolic processes, or the cell cycle were associated with the prognostic risk of ER. Furthermore, two HCC prognosis-associated tumour clusters were identified by ER hub gene-based consensus clustering. Our findings indicated a link between ER prognostic signature-related high/low risk and tumour infiltration levels of several immune cells, such as “macrophages M2/M0” and “regulatory T cells (Tregs).” Overall, we developed a novel ER-related clinical prognostic model for HCC patients.
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29
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Oshi M, Roy AM, Gandhi S, Tokumaru Y, Yan L, Yamada A, Endo I, Takabe K. The clinical relevance of unfolded protein response signaling in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2627-2640. [PMID: 35812054 PMCID: PMC9251678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis regulated by the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a recognized process involved in cancer progression. ER stress activates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and has been implicated in a variety of cancers. Given the role of the UPR activation in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that UPR activation could be associated with pathological progression, higher clinical stage, and worse survival in breast cancer. A total of 4,416 breast cancer patients from multiple independent cohorts were analyzed. We defined the UPR pathway score by the degree of enrichment by Gene Set Variant Analysis and median was used to divide high vs. low score groups in each cohort. High UPR breast cancer significantly enriched not only cell proliferation-related but also other pro-cancerous gene sets consistently in both METABIC and GSE96058 cohort. Majority of UPR pathway score high cells in the bulk tumor were tumor cells compared to other cells, including stromal, T-, B-, and myeloid-cells (P<0.001). UPR score was significantly associated with advanced stage, high grade, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (all P<0.001). High UPR breast cancer was associated with worse patient survival in both cohorts (all P<0.001). Among breast cancer subtype, ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer with high UPR was significantly associated with worse survival, but neither HER-positive nor TNBC. High UPR ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer was infiltrated with high level of Th1 and Th2 cells, M1 macrophage, and plasma cells. On the other hand, they were significantly infiltrated with high level of several types of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment (all P<0.001). Finally, high UPR metastatic breast cancer was also associated with worse patient survival (P=0.041). UPR signaling is associated with cancer aggressiveness, and worse survival, especially ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Oshi
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Shipra Gandhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
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IRE1α Inhibitors as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy in Blood Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102526. [PMID: 35626128 PMCID: PMC9139960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis, folding, and structural maturation of proteins occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen contributes to the induction of ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. Under ER stress, the UPR tries to maintain cellular homeostasis through different pathways, including the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)-dependent ones. IRE1α is located in an ER membrane, and it is evolutionarily the oldest UPR sensor. Activation of IRE1α via ER stress triggers the formation of the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s), which has been linked to a pro-survival effect in cancer cells. The role of IRE1α is critical for blood cancer cells, and it was found that the levels of IRE1α and XBP1s are elevated in various hematological malignancies. This review paper is focused on summarizing the latest knowledge about the role of IRE1α and on the assessment of the potential utility of IRE1α inhibitors in blood cancers.
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Du Y, Cai Z, Zhou G, Liang W, Man Q, Wang W. Perfluorooctanoic acid exposure increases both proliferation and apoptosis of human placental trophoblast cells mediated by ER stress-induced ROS or UPR pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113508. [PMID: 35427876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA) is a highly persistent and widespread chemical in the environment. PFOA serum levels in pregnant women are positively associated with an increased risk of placenta-related disorders. However, the mechanism of PFOA cytotoxicity involved in placental cells and cellular responses such as ER stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we studied the cellular toxicity of PFOA with a focus on proliferation and apoptosis in a human placental trophoblast cell line. Cell viability, number, apoptosis, stress response, activation of the involved signaling pathways were assessed. Our results showed PFOA affected cell viability, proliferation and also resulted in apoptosis. Besides, both pro-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects were attenuated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitors. Further experiments demonstrated that two different signaling pathways were activated by PFOA-induced ER stress and involved in PFOA toxicity: the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ERK signaling triggered trophoblast proliferation, while the ATF4-dependent C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) signaling was the trigger of apoptosis. We conclude that PFOA-induced ER stress is the trigger of proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblast via ROS or UPR signaling pathway, which leads to the altered balance critical to the normal development and function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Guangdi Zhou
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China
| | - Qiuhong Man
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200292, China.
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32
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Zhong J, Lu S, Jia X, Li Q, Liu L, Xie P, Wang G, Lu M, Gao W, Zhao T, Wang Q, Su W, Li N. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:273-283. [PMID: 35355227 PMCID: PMC9106785 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with normal cells, tumor cells mainly obtain energy through aerobic glycolysis. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays a key role in the regulation of tumor cell aerobic glycolysis, and targeting HK2 has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. However, little is known about the role of HK2 in colon cancer and the regulation of its targeted inhibitors. In this study, we found that the expression of HK2 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the expression level of HK2 in metastatic colorectal cancer was further increased. Meanwhile, the expression level of HK2 was closely related to clinical TNM stage and outcome of colorectal cancer patients. We provide here evidence that HK2 inhibitor 3-Bromopyruvate acid (3-BP) can significantly inhibit the survival and proliferation of colon cancer cells, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. In addition, we found that 3-BP can also induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells, the mechanism may be through the increase of intracellular calcium concentration. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress could further increase the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by 3-BP. Collectively, our results show that HK2 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer. 3-BP, an inhibitor of HK2, can induce apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a protective role in cell death induced by 3-BP. This result suggested that targeting HK2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a valuable strategy in targeted and combination therapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Shuya Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Nursing School, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wuji Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Garg M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Exploring the multifaceted role of TGF-β signaling in diabetic complications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35643-35656. [PMID: 35247177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most comprehensive metabolic disorders and is spread across the globe. The data from IDF Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics mentions that the number of patients with diabetes is increasing at an exponential rate which is challenging the current therapeutics used for the management of diabetes. However, current therapies used for the treatment may provide symptomatic relief but lack in preventing the progression of the disease and thereby limiting the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. A thorough review and analysis were conducted using various databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to extract the available information on challenges faced by current therapies which have triggered the development of novel molecules or drugs. From the analysis, it was analyzed that transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic activity and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and its overexpression is convoluted in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, developing drugs that block TGF-β signaling may provide therapeutic benefits. This extensive review concluded that drugs targeting TGF-β signaling pathway and its subsequent blockade have shown promising results and hold the potential to become drugs of choice in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Adjunct Professor, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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34
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Lin CH, Lin YC, Yang SB, Chen PC. Carbamazepine promotes surface expression of mutant Kir6.2-A28V ATP-sensitive potassium channels by modulating Golgi retention and autophagy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101904. [PMID: 35398096 PMCID: PMC9065613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells express ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, consisting of octamer complexes containing four sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and four Kir6.2 subunits. Loss of KATP channel function causes persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), a rare but debilitating condition if not treated. We previously showed that the sodium-channel blocker carbamazepine (Carb) corrects KATP channel surface expression defects induced by PHHI-causing mutations in SUR1. In this study, we show that Carb treatment can also ameliorate the trafficking deficits associated with a recently discovered PHHI-causing mutation in Kir6.2 (Kir6.2-A28V). In human embryonic kidney 293 or INS-1 cells expressing this mutant KATP channel (SUR1 and Kir6.2-A28V), biotinylation and immunostaining assays revealed that Carb can increase surface expression of the mutant KATP channels. We further examined the subcellular distributions of mutant KATP channels before and after Carb treatment; without Carb treatment, we found that mutant KATP channels were aberrantly accumulated in the Golgi apparatus. However, after Carb treatment, coimmunoprecipitation of mutant KATP channels and Golgi marker GM130 was diminished, and KATP staining was also reduced in lysosomes. Intriguingly, Carb treatment also simultaneously increased autophagic flux and p62 accumulation, suggesting that autophagy-dependent degradation of the mutant channel was not only stimulated but also interrupted. In summary, our data suggest that surface expression of Kir6.2-A28V KATP channels is rescued by Carb treatment via promotion of mutant KATP channel exit from the Golgi apparatus and reduction of autophagy-mediated protein degradation.
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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36
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ER-phagy in the Occurrence and Development of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030707. [PMID: 35327508 PMCID: PMC8945671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As an organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely related to protein synthesis and modification. When physiological or pathological stimuli induce disorders of ER function, misfolded proteins trigger ER-phagy, which is beneficial for restoring cell homeostasis or promoting cell apoptosis. As a double-edged sword, ER-phagy actively participates in various stages of development and progression in tumor cells, regulating tumorigenesis and maintaining tumor cell homeostasis. Through the unfolded protein response (UPR), the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family, the Caspase signaling pathway, and others, ER-phagy plays an initiating role in tumor occurrence, migration, stemness, and proliferation. At the same time, many vital proteins strongly associated with ER-phagy, such as family with sequence similarity 134 member B (FAM134B), translocation protein SEC62 (SEC62), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), can produce a marked effect in many complex environments, which ultimately lead to entirely different tumor fates. Our article comprehensively focused on introducing the relationship and interaction between ER-phagy and cancers, as well as their molecular mechanism and regulatory pathways. Via these analyses, we tried to clarify the possibility of ER-phagy as a potential target for cancer therapy and provide ideas for further research.
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37
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Mommersteeg M, Simovic I, Yu B, van Nieuwenburg S, Bruno IM, Doukas M, Kuipers E, Spaander M, Peppelenbosch M, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Fuhler G. Autophagy mediates ER stress and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2015238. [PMID: 34965181 PMCID: PMC8726742 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2015238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation mechanism, which is triggered by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, G-allele) has been shown to dysregulate autophagy and increase intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we investigate the role of this SNP in H.pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis and its molecular pathways. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was genotyped in subjects from different ethnic cohorts (Dutch and Australian) presenting with gastric (pre)malignant lesions of various severity. Expression of GRP78 (a marker for ER stress) was assessed in gastric tissues. The effect of ATG16L1 rs2241880 on H.pylori-mediated ER stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction was investigated in organoids and CRISPR/Cas9 modified cell lines. Development of gastric cancer was associated with the ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele. Intestinal metaplastic cells in gastric tissue of patients showed increased levels of ER-stress. In vitro models showed that H.pylori increases autophagy while reducing ER stress, which appeared partly mediated by the ATG16L1 rs2241880 genotype. H.pylori-induced IL-8 production was increased while TNF-α production was decreased, in cells homozygous for the G-allele. The ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele is associated with progression of gastric premalignant lesions and cancer. Modulation of H.pylori-induced ER stress pathways and pro-inflammatory mediators by ATG16L1 rs2441880 may underlie this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia
| | - B. Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S.A.V. van Nieuwenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I, M.J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E.J. Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia,CONTACT N. Castaño-Rodríguez School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G.M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,G.M. Fuhler PhD Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Unsw, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Wang D, He X, Zheng C, Wang C, Peng P, Gao C, Xu X, Ma Y, Liu M, Yang L, Luo Z. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:819139. [PMID: 35178406 PMCID: PMC8843852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.819139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a global health issue. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of LBP. Although the explicit mechanisms underpinning IDD are unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by aberrant unfolded or misfolded proteins may be involved. The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins may result in reduced protein synthesis and promote aberrant protein degradation to recover ER function, a response termed the unfolded protein response. A growing body of literature has demonstrated the potential relationships between ER stress and the pathogenesis of IDD, indicating some promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of ER stress on the process of IDD, as well as some potential therapeutic strategies for alleviating disc degeneration by targeting different pathways to inhibit ER stress. This review will facilitate understanding the pathogenesis and progress of IDD and highlights potential therapeutic targets for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin He
- Pharmacy Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengzhe Wang
- Rehabilitation Department, Dongchangfu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Pandi Peng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chu Gao
- Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yachao Ma
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Medical Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Benzaldehyde Attenuates the Fifth Stage Larval Excretory–Secretory Product of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-Induced Injury in Mouse Astrocytes via Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020177. [PMID: 35204678 PMCID: PMC8961544 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excretory–secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating the hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites and avoid the host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes are organic compounds composed of a benzene ring and formyl substituents. This compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties. Previous studies showed that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) can reduce apoptosis in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes. These results on the protective effect underlying benzaldehyde have primarily focused on cell survival. The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and oxidative stress in astrocytes in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes and to evaluate the therapeutic consequent of 3-HBA and 4-HBA. First, we initially established the RNA-seq dataset in each group, including normal, ESPs, ESPs + 3-HBA, and ESPs + 4-HBA. We also found that benzaldehyde (3-HBA and 4-HBA) can stimulate astrocytes to express ER stress-related molecules after ESP treatment. The level of oxidative stress could also be decreased in astrocytes by elevating antioxidant activity and reducing ROS generation. These results suggested that benzaldehyde may be a potential therapeutic compound for human angiostrongyliasis to support brain cell survival by inducing the expression levels of ER stress- and oxidative stress-related pathways.
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40
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Transcription factor c-Myb: novel prognostic factor in osteosarcoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:375-390. [PMID: 34994868 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myb is an oncoprotein promoting cell proliferation and survival when aberrantly activated/expressed, thus contributing to malignant transformation. Overexpression of c-Myb has been found in leukemias, breast, colon and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Recent studies revealed its expression also in osteosarcoma cell lines and suggested its functional importance during bone development. However, the relevance of c-Myb in control of osteosarcoma progression remains unknown. A retrospective clinical study was carried out to assess a relationship between c-Myb expression in archival osteosarcoma tissues and prognosis in a cohort of high-grade osteosarcoma patients. In addition, MYB was depleted in metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines SAOS-2 LM5 and 143B and their growth, chemosensitivity, migration and metastatic activity were determined. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that high c-Myb expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival in the cohort and metastatic progression in young patients. Increased level of c-Myb was detected in metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines and its depletion suppressed their growth, colony-forming capacity, migration and chemoresistance in vitro in a cell line-dependent manner. MYB knock-out resulted in reduced metastatic activity of both SAOS-2 LM5 and 143B cell lines in immunodeficient mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the c-Myb-driven functional programs enriched for genes involved in the regulation of cell growth, stress response, cell adhesion and cell differentiation/morphogenesis. Wnt signaling pathway was identified as c-Myb target in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, we identified c-Myb as a negative prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and showed its involvement in the regulation of osteosarcoma cell growth, chemosensitivity, migration and metastatic activity.
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Preetha Rani MR, Salin Raj P, Nair A, Ranjith S, Rajankutty K, Raghu KG. In vitro and in vivo studies reveal the beneficial effects of chlorogenic acid against ER stress mediated ER-phagy and associated apoptosis in the heart of diabetic rat. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109755. [PMID: 34801538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and associated signaling pathways are involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) however, detailed studies are not available. The present study investigated the role of ER stress and related pathways such as ER-phagy, apoptosis and their underlying mechanisms using appropriate models. Beneficial effect of chlorogenic acid was also evaluated against ER stress mediated DCM. H9c2 cells with high glucose (33 mM, in vitro model of hyperglycemia) showed significant activation of ER stress response (GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, ATF6α) and altered its regulatory proteins (PDI, ERO1α). Also, it enhanced ER-phagy through upregulation of Sec62, RTN3 and downregulation of FAM134B. High glucose caused apoptosis via increased levels of CHOP, caspase 12 and calnexin. All these proteins (PERK, IRE1α, ATF6α, RTN3, Sec62 and FAM134B) have been found to have a significant role in the functioning of heart such as excitation contraction coupling and we expect these alterations to induce cardiomyopathy during diabetes. This was confirmed in in vivo study too. High fat, high fructose diet with mild streptozotocin induced diabetic rats showed an increased expression of BNP confirming cardiac injury. We also noticed severe ER stress in the heart of diabetic animals. All these have contributed significantly into alterations in histopathology and increase of weight of the hearts. These findings clearly show that ER stress plays a vital protagonist in the progression of DCM. We also found chlorogenic acid is effective against hyperglycemia induced pathological alteration both in vitro as well as in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Preetha Rani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - P Salin Raj
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anupama Nair
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - S Ranjith
- Small Animal Research Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute (JMMCRI), Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K Rajankutty
- Small Animal Research Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute (JMMCRI), Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhang X, Li W, Ma Y, Zhao X, He L, Sun P, Wang H. High-fat diet aggravates colitis-associated carcinogenesis by evading ferroptosis in the ER stress-mediated pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:156-166. [PMID: 34688836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death caused by lipid peroxidation has recently been observed in colitis. Whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affects ferroptosis and whether it contributes to colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) has not been explored. We found iron, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptotic markers to be elevated in AOM/DSS (azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium)-induced mouse CAC model. Transmission electron microscopy also confirmed the occurrence of ferroptosis in colonic tissues. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1 increased the incidence of CAC. Compared with iso-caloric control mice, HFD mice exhibited increased tumor number and a higher degree of dysplasia following repression of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis marker expression in mouse colon tissue. Furthermore, ferroptosis markers were negatively correlated with the tumor number in mice. In vitro, a lipid mixture blocked ferroptosis in various colorectal cancer cell lines and inhibited GSH degradation by negatively regulating CHAC1, a target in ER stress signaling. Finally, the ferroptosis inducer partly abolished the pro-tumor effect of the HFD on CAC in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that a HFD aggravates CAC through the evasion of ferroptosis in the ER stress-mediated pathway and provide a new perspective for CAC prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wozniak M, Czyz M. The Functional Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194848. [PMID: 34638331 PMCID: PMC8508152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. The molecular events that drive melanoma development and progression have been extensively studied, resulting in significant improvements in diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. However, a high drug resistance to targeted therapies and adverse effects of immunotherapies are still a major challenge in melanoma treatment. Therefore, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of melanomagenesis and cancer response to treatment is of great importance. Recently, many studies have revealed the close association of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with the development of many cancers, including melanoma. These RNA molecules are able to regulate a plethora of crucial cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion and apoptosis through diverse mechanisms, and even slight dysregulation of their expression may lead to tumorigenesis. lncRNAs are able to bind to protein complexes, DNA and RNAs, affecting their stability, activity, and localization. They can also regulate gene expression in the nucleus. Several functions of lncRNAs are context-dependent. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the involvement of lncRNAs in melanoma. Their possible role as prognostic markers of melanoma response to treatment and in resistance to therapy is also discussed.
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Zhou F, Aipire A, Xia L, Halike X, Yuan P, Sulayman M, Wang W, Li J. Marchantia polymorpha L. ethanol extract induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via intrinsic- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways. Chin Med 2021; 16:94. [PMID: 34583719 PMCID: PMC8477563 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marchantia polymorpha L. is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine and has various biological activities including antioxidant and antifungal. However, it is not clear about the antitumor effect and mechanism of M. polymorpha. We prepared M. polymorpha ethanol extract (MPEE) and investigated its antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods The viability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was detected by MTT assay. The distribution of cell cycle was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The morphology of nuclei was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. JC-1 fluorescent probe and DCFH-DA were used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. Caspase inhibitors were used to test the function of caspase in the induction of apoptosis. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to evaluate the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. Differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were identified by transcriptome analysis. The H22 tumor mouse model was used to detect the antitumor effect of the extract. Results MPEE significantly suppressed the migration and growth of BEL-7404, HepG2 and H22 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis characterized by chromosomal condensation and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases. MPEE induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the release of cytochrome c. The levels of cleaved caspase-8 and -9 were significantly increased, which sequentially activated caspase-3 to cleave PARP. We further found that MPEE significantly increased ROS production and activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated-apoptotic signaling pathway. Moreover, MPEE significantly inhibited H22 tumor growth in mouse model and improved the survival of tumor mice. Conclusion These results suggested that MPEE suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis via intrinsic- and ER stress-associated pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00504-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xierenguli Halike
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Mamtimin Sulayman
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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The Unfolded Protein Response Is Associated with Cancer Proliferation and Worse Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174443. [PMID: 34503253 PMCID: PMC8430652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We studied the association between the unfolded protein response (UPR) and carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We studied 655 HCC patients from 4 independent cohorts using an UPR score. The UPR was enhanced as normal liver became cancerous and as HCC advanced in stage. The UPR was correlated with cancer cell proliferation that was confirmed by multiple parameters. Significantly, a high UPR score was associated with worse patient survival. Interestingly, though UPR was associated with a high mutational load, it was not associated with immune response, immune cell infiltration, or angiogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the clinical relevance of the unfolded protein response in HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The unfolded protein response (UPR) has been revealed to confer tumorigenic capacity in cancer cells. We hypothesized that a quantifiable score representative of the UPR could be used as a biomarker for cancer progression in HCC. In this study, a total of 655 HCC patients from 4 independent HCC cohorts were studied to examine the relationships between enhancement of the UPR and cancer biology and patient survival in HCC utilizing an UPR score. The UPR correlated with carcinogenic sequence and progression of HCC consistently in two cohorts. Enhanced UPR was associated with the clinical parameters of HCC progression, such as cancer stage and multiple parameters of cell proliferation, including histological grade, mKI67 gene expression, and enrichment of cell proliferation-related gene sets. The UPR was significantly associated with increased mutational load, but not with immune cell infiltration or angiogeneis across independent cohorts. The UPR was consistently associated with worse survival across independent cohorts of HCC. In conclusion, the UPR score may be useful as a biomarker to predict prognosis and to better understand HCC.
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Liang D, Khoonkari M, Avril T, Chevet E, Kruyt FAE. The unfolded protein response as regulator of cancer stemness and differentiation: Mechanisms and implications for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114737. [PMID: 34411568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive mechanism that regulates protein and cellular homeostasis. Three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane localized stress sensors, IRE1, PERK and ATF6, coordinate the UPR in order to maintain ER proteostasis and cell survival, or induce cell death when homeostasis cannot be restored. However, recent studies have identified alternative functions for the UPR in developmental biology processes and cell fate decisions under both normal and cancerous conditions. In cancer, increasing evidence points towards the involvement of the three UPR sensors in oncogenic reprogramming and the regulation of tumor cells endowed with stem cell properties, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), that are considered to be the most malignant cells in tumors. Here we review the reported roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of the three UPR sensors in regulating stemness and differentiation, particularly in solid tumor cells, processes that have a major impact on tumor aggressiveness. Mainly PERK and IRE1 branches of the UPR were found to regulate CSCs and tumor development and examples are provided for breast cancer, colon cancer and aggressive brain tumors, glioblastoma. Although the underlying mechanisms and interactions between the different UPR branches in regulating stemness in cancer need to be further elucidated, we propose that PERK and IRE1 targeted therapy could inhibit self-renewal of CSCs or induce differentiation that is predicted to have therapeutic benefit. For this, more specific UPR modulators need to be developed with favorable pharmacological properties that together with patient stratification will allow optimal evaluation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Khoonkari
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Avril
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Cai B, Hou M, Zhang S, Xin Z, Huang J, Yang J, Wang Y, Cai X, Xie S, Zhang C, Huang Y. Dual Targeting of Endoplasmic Reticulum by Redox-Deubiquitination Regulation for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5193-5209. [PMID: 34354353 PMCID: PMC8331122 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, nanocatalyst-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for cancer therapy has been attracting considerable attention. However, cancer cells are often able to overcome ER stress-induced death by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), making nanocatalytic monotherapy a poor defense against cancer progression. Purpose In this study, to improve the nanocatalytic treatment efficacy, a phase change material (PCM) was used to encapsulate the upstream ER stress initiator, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), and the downstream UPR modulator, PR-619. Subsequently, the tumor-homing peptide tLyP-1 was coupled to it to form tLyP-1/PR-619/Fe3O4@PCM (tPF@PCM) theranostic platform. Materials and Methods tPF@PCM was synthesized using nanoprecipitation and resolidification methods followed by the EDC/NHS cross-linking method. The targeting capacity of tPF@PCM was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using flow cytometry and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of tPF@PCM was investigated in a renal cell carcinoma mouse model. Moreover, we explored the synergistic anti-tumor mechanism by examining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), aggregated proteins, ER stress response levels, and type of cell death. Results tPF@PCM had excellent tumor-targeting properties and exhibited satisfactory photothermal-enhanced tumor inhibition efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the phase transition temperature (45 °C) maintained using 808 nm laser irradiation significantly increased the release and catalytic activity of the peroxidase mimic Fe3O4 NPs. This strongly catalyzed the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via the Fenton reaction in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The redox imbalance subsequently resulted in an increase in the level of damaged proteins in the ER and initiated ER stress. Moreover, the pan-deubiquitinase inhibitor PR-619 blocked the “adaptive” UPR-mediated degradation of these damaged proteins, exacerbating the ER burden. Consequently, irremediable ER stress activated the “terminal” UPR, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion This ER stress-exacerbating strategy effectively suppresses tumorigenesis, offering novel directions for advances in the treatment of conventional therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Cai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Hou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Xin
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxing Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyun Cai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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Kuo CY, Yang TH, Tsai PF, Yu CH. Role of the Inflammatory Response of RAW 264.7 Cells in the Metastasis of Novel Cancer Stem-Like Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080778. [PMID: 34440983 PMCID: PMC8398325 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Tumor progression and the immune response are intricately linked. Additionally, the presence of macrophages in the microenvironment is essential for carcinogenesis, but regulation of the polarization of M1- and M2-like macrophages and their role in metastasis remain unclear. Based on previous studies, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are emerging as key players in macrophage polarization. While it is known that cancers alter macrophage inflammatory responses to promote tumor progression, there is limited knowledge regarding how they affect the macrophage-dependent innate host defense. Materials and methods: We detected the levels of ROS, the ability of chemotaxis, the expressions of markers of M1-/M2-like macrophages in RAW264.7 in presence of T2- and T2C-conditioned medium. Results: The results of this study indicated that ROS levels were decreased in RAW 264.7 cells when cultured with T2C-conditioned medium, while there was an improvement in chemotaxis abilities. We also found that the M2-like macrophages were characterized by an elongated shape in RAW 264.7 cells cultured in T2C-conditioned medium, which had increased CD206 expression but decreased expression of CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Suppression of ER stress shifted polarized M1-like macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype in RAW 264.7 cells cultured in T2C-conditioned medium. Conclusions: Taken together, we conclude that the polarization of macrophages is associated with the alteration of cell shape, ROS accumulation, and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-F.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Hsien Yang
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-F.T.)
| | - Pei-Fang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-F.T.)
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 23142, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
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Emanuele S, Celesia A, D’Anneo A, Lauricella M, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, Giuliano M. The Good and Bad of Nrf2: An Update in Cancer and New Perspectives in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7963. [PMID: 34360732 PMCID: PMC8348506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-known transcription factor best recognised as one of the main regulators of the oxidative stress response. Beyond playing a crucial role in cell defence by transactivating cytoprotective genes encoding antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, Nrf2 is also implicated in a wide network regulating anti-inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming. Such a broad spectrum of actions renders the factor a key regulator of cell fate and a strategic player in the control of cell transformation and response to viral infections. The Nrf2 protective roles in normal cells account for its anti-tumour and anti-viral functions. However, Nrf2 overstimulation often occurs in tumour cells and a complex correlation of Nrf2 with cancer initiation and progression has been widely described. Therefore, if on one hand, Nrf2 has a dual role in cancer, on the other hand, the factor seems to display a univocal function in preventing inflammation and cytokine storm that occur under viral infections, specifically in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In such a variegate context, the present review aims to dissect the roles of Nrf2 in both cancer and COVID-19, two widespread diseases that represent a cause of major concern today. In particular, the review describes the molecular aspects of Nrf2 signalling in both pathological situations and the most recent findings about the advantages of Nrf2 inhibition or activation as possible strategies for cancer and COVID-19 treatment respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Adriana Celesia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Biochemistry Building, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
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