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Ma Y, Sun Z, Yang H, Xie W, Song M, Zhang B, Sui L. The biosynthesis mechanism of bacterioruberin in halophilic archaea revealed by genome and transcriptome analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0054024. [PMID: 38829054 PMCID: PMC11267897 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00540-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are promising microbial cell factories for bacterioruberin (BR) production. BR is a natural product with multi-bioactivities, allowing potential application in many fields. In the previous work, a haloarchaeon Halorubrum sp. HRM-150 with a high proportion of BR (about 85%) was isolated, but the low yield impeded its large-scale production. This work figured out BR synthesis characteristics and mechanisms, and proposed strategies for yield improvement. First, glucose (10 g/L) and tryptone (15 g/L) were tested to be better sources for BR production. Besides, the combination of glucose and starch achieved the diauxic growth, and the biomass and BR productivity increased by 85% and 54% than using glucose. Additionally, this work first proposed the BR synthesis pattern, which differs from that of other carotenoids. As a structural component of cell membranes, the BR synthesis is highly coupled with growth, which was most active in the logarithm phase. Meanwhile, the osmotic down shock at the logarithm phase could increase the BR productivity without sacrificing the biomass. Moreover, the de-novo pathway for BR synthesis with a key gene of lyeJ, and its competitive pathways (notably tetraether lipids and retinal) were revealed through genome, transcriptome, and osmotic down shock. Therefore, the BR yield is expected to be improved through mutant construction, such as the overexpression of key gene lyeJ and the knockout of competitive genes, which need to be further explored. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the metabolism mechanism in haloarchaea and the development of haloarchaea as microbial cell factories. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have revealed that halophilic microorganism is a promising microbial factory for the next-generation industrialization. Among them, halophilic archaea are advantageous as microbial factories due to their low contamination risk and low freshwater consumption. The halophilic archaea usually accumulate long chain C50 carotenoids, which are barely found in other organisms. Bacterioruberin (BR), the major C50 carotenoid, has multi-bioactivities, allowing potential application in food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries. However, the low yield impedes its large-scale application. This work figured out the BR synthesis characteristics and mechanism, and proposed several strategies for BR yield improvement, encouraging halophilic archaea to function as microbial factories for BR production. Meanwhile, the archaea have special evolutionary status and unique characteristics in taxonomy, the revelation of BR biosynthesis mechanism is beneficial for a better understanding of archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Durability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongshi Sun
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyu Song
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Durability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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2
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Ding S, Grossi V, Hopmans EC, Bale NJ, Cravo-Laureau C, Sinninghe Damsté JS. Nitrogen and sulfur for phosphorus: Lipidome adaptation of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria in phosphorus-deprived conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400711121. [PMID: 38833476 PMCID: PMC11181052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400711121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how microbial lipidomes adapt to environmental and nutrient stress is crucial for comprehending microbial survival and functionality. Certain anaerobic bacteria can synthesize glycerolipids with ether/ester bonds, yet the complexities of their lipidome remodeling under varying physicochemical and nutritional conditions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans strain PF2803T, a mesophilic anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium known for its high proportions of alkylglycerol ether lipids in its membrane, under various cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonium and phosphorous concentrations. Employing an extensive analytical and computational lipidomic methodology, we identified an assemblage of nearly 400 distinct lipids, including a range of glycerol ether/ester lipids with various polar head groups. Information theory-based analysis revealed that temperature fluctuations and phosphate scarcity profoundly influenced the lipidome's composition, leading to an enhanced diversity and specificity of novel lipids. Notably, phosphorous limitation led to the biosynthesis of novel glucuronosylglycerols and sulfur-containing aminolipids, termed butyramide cysteine glycerols, featuring various ether/ester bonds. This suggests a novel adaptive strategy for anaerobic heterotrophs to thrive under phosphorus-depleted conditions, characterized by a diverse array of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing polar head groups, moving beyond a reliance on conventional nonphospholipid types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, TexelSZ 1797, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Grossi
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnement, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne69622, France
| | - Ellen C. Hopmans
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, TexelSZ 1797, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole J. Bale
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, TexelSZ 1797, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l’environnement et les Matériaux, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, Pau64000, France
| | - Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, TexelSZ 1797, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CB3584, The Netherlands
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3
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Upton C, Healey J, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Insights into membrane interactions and their therapeutic potential. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109939. [PMID: 38387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research into membrane interactions has uncovered a diverse range of therapeutic opportunities through the bioengineering of human and non-human macromolecules. Although the majority of this research is focussed on fundamental developments, emerging studies are showcasing promising new technologies to combat conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's and inflammatory and immune-based disease, utilising the alteration of bacteriophage, adenovirus, bacterial toxins, type 6 secretion systems, annexins, mitochondrial antiviral signalling proteins and bacterial nano-syringes. To advance the field further, each of these opportunities need to be better understood, and the therapeutic models need to be further optimised. Here, we summarise the knowledge and insights into several membrane interactions and detail their current and potential uses therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Upton
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joseph Healey
- Nanosyrinx, The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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4
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Rao A, Driessen AJM. Unraveling the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases in Archaea: potential roles in saturation of terpenoids. Extremophiles 2024; 28:14. [PMID: 38280122 PMCID: PMC10821996 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The enzymology of the key steps in the archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated in recent years. In contrast, the complete biosynthetic pathways for proposed membrane regulators consisting of polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, respiratory quinones, and polyprenols remain unknown. Notably, the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases (GGRs) in archaeal genomes has been correlated with the saturation of polyterpenes. Although GGRs, which are responsible for saturation of the isoprene chains of phospholipids, have been identified and studied in detail, there is little information regarding the structure and function of the paralogs. Here, we discuss the diversity of archaeal membrane-associated polyterpenes which is correlated with the genomic loci, structural and sequence-based analyses of GGR paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Wood PL, Wood MD, Kunigelis SC. Pilot Lipidomics Study of Copepods: Investigation of Potential Lipid-Based Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Quantification of the Biological Effects of Climate Change on the Oceanic Food Chain. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2335. [PMID: 38137936 PMCID: PMC10744631 DOI: 10.3390/life13122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the health of our oceans is critical for the survival of the oceanic food chain upon which humanity is dependent. Zooplanktonic copepods are among the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth. As the base of the primary consumer food web, they constitute a major biomass in oceans, being an important food source for fish and functioning in the carbon cycle. The potential impact of climate change on copepod populations is an area of intense study. Omics technologies offer the potential to detect early metabolic alterations induced by the stresses of climate change. One such omics approach is lipidomics, which can accurately quantify changes in lipid pools serving structural, signal transduction, and energy roles. We utilized high-resolution mass spectrometry (≤2 ppm mass error) to characterize the lipidome of three different species of copepods in an effort to identify lipid-based biomarkers of copepod health and viability which are more sensitive than observational tools. With the establishment of such a lipid database, we will have an analytical platform useful for prospectively monitoring the lipidome of copepods in a planned long-term five-year ecological study of climate change on this oceanic sentinel species. The copepods examined in this pilot study included a North Atlantic species (Calanus finmarchicus) and two species from the Gulf of Mexico, one a filter feeder (Acartia tonsa) and one a hunter (Labidocerca aestiva). Our findings clearly indicate that the lipidomes of copepod species can vary greatly, supporting the need to obtain a broad snapshot of each unique lipidome in a long-term multigeneration prospective study of climate change. This is critical, since there may well be species-specific responses to the stressors of climate change and co-stressors such as pollution. While lipid nomenclature and biochemistry are extremely complex, it is not essential for all readers interested in climate change to understand all of the various lipid classes presented in this study. The clear message from this research is that we can monitor key copepod lipid families with high accuracy, and therefore potentially monitor lipid families that respond to environmental perturbations evoked by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Michael D. Wood
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital & Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Stan C. Kunigelis
- Imaging and Analysis Center, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
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6
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Wu Y, Thomas GM, Thomsen M, Bahri S, Lieberman RL. Lipid environment modulates processivity and kinetics of a presenilin homolog acting on multiple substrates in vitro. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105401. [PMID: 38270390 PMCID: PMC10679502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases (IPs) hydrolyze peptides in the lipid membrane. IPs participate in a number of cellular pathways including immune response and surveillance, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and they are exploited by viruses for replication. Despite their broad importance across biology, how activity is regulated in the cell to control protein maturation and release of specific bioactive peptides at the right place and right time remains largely unanswered, particularly for the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) subtype. At a molecular biochemical level, different IAP homologs can cleave non-biological substrates, and there is no sequence recognition motif among the nearly 150 substrates identified for just one IAP, presenilin-1, the catalytic component of γ-secretase known for its involvement in the production of amyloid-β plaques associated with Alzheimer disease. Here we used gel-based assays combined with quantitative mass spectrometry and FRET-based kinetics assays to probe the cleavage profile of the presenilin homolog from the methanogen Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 as a function of the surrounding lipid-mimicking environment, either detergent micelles or bicelles. We selected four biological IAP substrates that have not undergone extensive cleavage profiling previously, namely, the viral core protein of Hepatitis C virus, the viral core protein of Classical Swine Fever virus, the transmembrane segment of Notch-1, and the tyrosine receptor kinase ErbB4. Our study demonstrates a proclivity toward cleavage of substrates at positions of low average hydrophobicity and a consistent role for the lipid environment in modulating kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gwendell M Thomas
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Max Thomsen
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Bahri
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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7
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LoRicco JG, Hoffmann I, Caliò A, Peters J. The membrane regulator squalane increases membrane rigidity under high hydrostatic pressure in archaeal membrane mimics. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6280-6286. [PMID: 37553974 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolar lipids within the membranes of archaea are thought to play a role in membrane regulation. In this work we explore the effect of the apolar lipid squalane on the dynamics of a model archaeal-like membrane, under pressure, using neutron spin echo spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on membrane dynamics at high pressure using NSE spectroscopy. Increasing pressure leads to an increase in membrane rigidity, in agreement with other techniques. The presence of squalane in the membrane results in a stiffer membrane supporting its role as a membrane regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonino Caliò
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MAP UMR 5240, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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8
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Chiu BK, Waldbauer J, Elling FJ, Mete ÖZ, Zhang L, Pearson A, Eggleston EM, Leavitt WD. Membrane lipid and expression responses of Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A to acid and cold stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219779. [PMID: 37649629 PMCID: PMC10465181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaea adjust the number of cyclopentane rings in their glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids as a homeostatic response to environmental stressors such as temperature, pH, and energy availability shifts. However, archaeal expression patterns that correspond with changes in GDGT composition are less understood. Here we characterize the acid and cold stress responses of the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A using growth rates, core GDGT lipid profiles, transcriptomics and proteomics. We show that both stressors result in impaired growth, lower average GDGT cyclization, and differences in gene and protein expression. Transcription data revealed differential expression of the GDGT ring synthase grsB in response to both acid stress and cold stress. Although the GDGT ring synthase encoded by grsB forms highly cyclized GDGTs with ≥5 ring moieties, S. islandicus grsB upregulation under acidic pH conditions did not correspond with increased abundances of highly cyclized GDGTs. Our observations highlight the inability to predict GDGT changes from transcription data alone. Broader analysis of transcriptomic data revealed that S. islandicus differentially expresses many of the same transcripts in response to both acid and cold stress. These included upregulation of several biosynthetic pathways and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and motility. Transcript responses specific to either of the two stressors tested here included upregulation of genes related to proton pumping and molecular turnover in acid stress conditions and upregulation of transposases in cold stress conditions. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the GDGT modifications and differential expression characteristic of the acid stress and cold stress responses in S. islandicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly K. Chiu
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Jacob Waldbauer
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Felix J. Elling
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Leibniz-Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Isotope Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Öykü Z. Mete
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann Pearson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erin M. Eggleston
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - William D. Leavitt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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9
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Řezanka T, Kyselová L, Murphy DJ. Archaeal lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101237. [PMID: 37236370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane lipid compositions. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Rao A, de Kok NAW, Driessen AJM. Membrane Adaptations and Cellular Responses of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to the Allylamine Terbinafine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087328. [PMID: 37108491 PMCID: PMC10138448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes are essential for compartmentalization, maintenance of permeability, and fluidity in all three domains of life. Archaea belong to the third domain of life and have a distinct phospholipid composition. Membrane lipids of archaea are ether-linked molecules, specifically bilayer-forming dialkyl glycerol diethers (DGDs) and monolayer-forming glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). The antifungal allylamine terbinafine has been proposed as an inhibitor of GDGT biosynthesis in archaea based on radiolabel incorporation studies. The exact target(s) and mechanism of action of terbinafine in archaea remain elusive. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a strictly aerobic crenarchaeon thriving in a thermoacidophilic environment, and its membrane is dominated by GDGTs. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the lipidome and transcriptome of S. acidocaldarius in the presence of terbinafine. Depletion of GDGTs and the accompanying accumulation of DGDs upon treatment with terbinafine were growth phase-dependent. Additionally, a major shift in the saturation of caldariellaquinones was observed, which resulted in the accumulation of unsaturated molecules. Transcriptomic data indicated that terbinafine has a multitude of effects, including significant differential expression of genes in the respiratory complex, motility, cell envelope, fatty acid metabolism, and GDGT cyclization. Combined, these findings suggest that the response of S. acidocaldarius to terbinafine inhibition involves respiratory stress and the differential expression of genes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis and saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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He L, Tronstad KJ, Maheshwari A. Mitochondrial Dynamics during Development. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:19-44. [PMID: 37206581 PMCID: PMC10193651 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells. These are important for the generation of chemical energy needed to power various cellular functions and also support metabolic, energetic, and epigenetic regulation in various cells. These organelles are also important for communication with the nucleus and other cellular structures, to maintain developmental sequences and somatic homeostasis, and for cellular adaptation to stress. Increasing information shows mitochondrial defects as an important cause of inherited disorders in different organ systems. In this article, we provide an extensive review of ontogeny, ultrastructural morphology, biogenesis, functional dynamics, important clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction, and possibilities for clinical intervention. We present information from our own clinical and laboratory research in conjunction with information collected from an extensive search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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Vesicular and Planar Membranes of Archaea Lipids: Unusual Physical Properties and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147616. [PMID: 35886964 PMCID: PMC9319432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes and planar membranes made of archaea or archaea-like lipids exhibit many unusual physical properties compared to model membranes composed of conventional diester lipids. Here, we review several recent findings in this research area, which include (1) thermosensitive archaeosomes with the capability to drastically change the membrane surface charge, (2) MthK channel's capability to insert into tightly packed tetraether black lipid membranes and exhibit channel activity with surprisingly high calcium sensitivity, and (3) the intercalation of apolar squalane into the midplane space of diether bilayers to impede proton permeation. We also review the usage of tetraether archaeosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants, as well as the biomedical applications of planar archaea lipid membranes. The discussion on archaeosomal therapeutics is focused on partially purified tetraether lipid fractions such as the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) and glyceryl caldityl tetraether (GCTE), which are the main components of PLFE with the sugar and phosphate removed.
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13
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Tourte M, Coffinet S, Wörmer L, Lipp JS, Hinrichs KU, Oger PM. The Exploration of the Thermococcus barophilus Lipidome Reveals the Widest Variety of Phosphoglycolipids in Thermococcales. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869479. [PMID: 35865931 PMCID: PMC9294538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most distinctive characteristics of archaea is their unique lipids. While the general nature of archaeal lipids has been linked to their tolerance to extreme conditions, little is known about the diversity of lipidic structures archaea are able to synthesize, which hinders the elucidation of the physicochemical properties of their cell membrane. In an effort to widen the known lipid repertoire of the piezophilic and hyperthermophilic model archaeon Thermococcus barophilus, we comprehensively characterized its intact polar lipid (IPL), core lipid (CL), and polar head group compositions using a combination of cutting-edge liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric ionization systems. We tentatively identified 82 different IPLs based on five distinct CLs and 10 polar head group derivatives of phosphatidylhexoses, including compounds reported here for the first time, e.g., di-N-acetylhexosamine phosphatidylhexose-bearing lipids. Despite having extended the knowledge on the lipidome, our results also indicate that the majority of T. barophilus lipids remain inaccessible to current analytical procedures and that improvements in lipid extraction and analysis are still required. This expanded yet incomplete lipidome nonetheless opens new avenues for understanding the physiology, physicochemical properties, and organization of the membrane in this archaeon as well as other archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tourte
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5240, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah Coffinet
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lars Wörmer
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julius S. Lipp
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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14
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Summons RE, Welander PV, Gold DA. Lipid biomarkers: molecular tools for illuminating the history of microbial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:174-185. [PMID: 34635851 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fossilized lipids preserved in sedimentary rocks offer singular insights into the Earth's palaeobiology. These 'biomarkers' encode information pertaining to the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans, transitions in ocean plankton, the greening of continents, mass extinctions and climate change. Historically, biomarker interpretations relied on inventories of lipids present in extant microorganisms and counterparts in natural environments. However, progress has been impeded because only a small fraction of the Earth's microorganisms can be cultured, many environmentally significant microorganisms from the past no longer exist and there are gaping holes in knowledge concerning lipid biosynthesis. The revolution in genomics and bioinformatics has provided new tools to expand our understanding of lipid biomarkers, their biosynthetic pathways and distributions in nature. In this Review, we explore how preserved organic molecules provide a unique perspective on the history of the Earth's microbial life. We discuss how advances in molecular biology have helped elucidate biomarker origins and afforded more robust interpretations of fossil lipids and how the rock record provides vital calibration points for molecular clocks. Such studies are open to further exploitation with the expansion of sequenced microbial genomes in accessible databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Summons
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Paula V Welander
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Gold
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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15
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Ábrego-Gacía A, Poggi-Varaldo HM, Robles-González V, Ponce-Noyola T, Calva-Calva G, Ríos-Leal E, Estrada-Bárcenas D, Mendoza-Vargas A. Lovastatin as a supplement to mitigate rumen methanogenesis: an overview. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:123. [PMID: 34911584 PMCID: PMC8675506 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane from enteric fermentation is the gas with the greatest environmental impact emitted by ruminants. Lovastatin (Lv) addition to feedstocks could be a strategy to mitigate rumen methane emissions via decreasing the population of methanogenic archaea (MA). Thus, this paper provides the first overview of the effects of Lv supplementation, focusing on the inhibition of methane production, rumen microbiota, and ruminal fermentation. Results indicated that Lv treatment had a strong anti-methanogenic effect on pure strains of MA. However, there are uncertainties from in vitro rumen fermentation trials with complex substrates and rumen inoculum. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) has emerged as a cost-effective option to produce Lv. In this way, SSF of agricultural residues as an Lv-carrier supplement in sheep and goats demonstrated a consistent decrease in ruminal methane emissions. The experimental evidence for in vitro conditions showed that Lv did not affect the volatile fatty acids (VFA). However, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the production of VFA was decreased. Lv did not negatively affect the digestibility of dry matter during in vitro and in vivo methods, and there is even evidence that it can induce an increase in digestibility. Regarding the rumen microbiota, populations of MA were reduced, and no differences were detected in alpha and beta diversity associated with Lv treatment. However, some changes in the relative abundance of the microbiota were induced. Further studies are recommended on: (i) Lv biodegradation products and stability, as well as its adsorption onto the solid matter in the rumen, to gain more insight on the “available” or effective Lv concentration; and (ii) to determine whether the effect of Lv on ruminal fermentation also depends on the feed composition and different ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Ábrego-Gacía
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.,Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Poggi-Varaldo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies Group, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Vania Robles-González
- Instituto de Hidrología, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Oaxaca, 69000, Huajuapan de León, Mexico
| | - Teresa Ponce-Noyola
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciano Calva-Calva
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elvira Ríos-Leal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box 17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Estrada-Bárcenas
- National Collection of Microbial and Cellular Cultures, CINVESTAV-IPN, P.O.Box17-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Mendoza-Vargas
- Unidad de Secuenciación e Identificación de Polimorfismos, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Non-Polar Lipids as Regulators of Membrane Properties in Archaeal Lipid Bilayer Mimics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116087. [PMID: 34200063 PMCID: PMC8200183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of archaeal lipid bilayer properties by the insertion of apolar molecules in the lipid bilayer midplane has been proposed to support cell membrane adaptation to extreme environmental conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure. In this work, we characterize the insertion effects of the apolar polyisoprenoid squalane on the permeability and fluidity of archaeal model membrane bilayers, composed of lipid analogues. We have monitored large molecule and proton permeability and Laurdan generalized polarization from lipid vesicles as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure. Even at low concentration, squalane (1 mol%) is able to enhance solute permeation by increasing membrane fluidity, but at the same time, to decrease proton permeability of the lipid bilayer. The squalane physicochemical impact on membrane properties are congruent with a possible role of apolar intercalants on the adaptation of Archaea to extreme conditions. In addition, such intercalant might be used to cheaply create or modify chemically resistant liposomes (archeaosomes) for drug delivery.
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17
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Salvador-Castell M, Golub M, Erwin N, Demé B, Brooks NJ, Winter R, Peters J, Oger PM. Characterisation of a synthetic Archeal membrane reveals a possible new adaptation route to extreme conditions. Commun Biol 2021; 4:653. [PMID: 34079059 PMCID: PMC8172549 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that adaptation to high temperature involved the synthesis of monolayer-forming ether phospholipids. Recently, a novel membrane architecture was proposed to explain the membrane stability in polyextremophiles unable to synthesize such lipids, in which apolar polyisoprenoids populate the bilayer midplane and modify its physico-chemistry, extending its stability domain. Here, we have studied the effect of the apolar polyisoprenoid squalane on a model membrane analogue using neutron diffraction, SAXS and fluorescence spectroscopy. We show that squalane resides inside the bilayer midplane, extends its stability domain, reduces its permeability to protons but increases that of water, and induces a negative curvature in the membrane, allowing the transition to novel non-lamellar phases. This membrane architecture can be transposed to early membranes and could help explain their emergence and temperature tolerance if life originated near hydrothermal vents. Transposed to the archaeal bilayer, this membrane architecture could explain the tolerance to high temperature in hyperthermophiles which grow at temperatures over 100 °C while having a membrane bilayer. The induction of a negative curvature to the membrane could also facilitate crucial cell functions that require high bending membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksym Golub
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Nelli Erwin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Judith Peters
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble, France.
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France.
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18
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Darnet S, Blary A, Chevalier Q, Schaller H. Phytosterol Profiles, Genomes and Enzymes - An Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665206. [PMID: 34093623 PMCID: PMC8172173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable diversity of sterol biosynthetic capacities described in living organisms is enriched at a fast pace by a growing number of sequenced genomes. Whereas analytical chemistry has produced a wealth of sterol profiles of species in diverse taxonomic groups including seed and non-seed plants, algae, phytoplanktonic species and other unicellular eukaryotes, functional assays and validation of candidate genes unveils new enzymes and new pathways besides canonical biosynthetic schemes. An overview of the current landscape of sterol pathways in the tree of life is tentatively assembled in a series of sterolotypes that encompass major groups and provides also peculiar features of sterol profiles in bacteria, fungi, plants, and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hubert Schaller
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology Team, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Supercritical-CO 2 extraction, identification and quantification of polyprenol as a bioactive ingredient from Irish trees species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7461. [PMID: 33811219 PMCID: PMC8018978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study ascertained the accumulation of polyprenol from four Irish conifer species Picea sitchensis, Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca’, Pinus sylvestris and Taxus baccata and one flowering tree Cotoneaster hybrida using supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) and solvent extraction. The effects of SFE-CO2 parameters such as temperature (ranged from 40 to 70 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^\circ{\rm C}$$\end{document}∘C), pressure (ranged from 100 to 350 bars) and dynamic time (from 70 min to 7 h) were analysed on the extraction efficiency of polyprenol. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyprenol was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that P. sylvestris accumulated the highest polyprenol yield of 14.00 ± \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.4$$\end{document}0.4mg g−1 DW when extracted with hexane:acetone (1:1 v/v). However, with SFE-CO2 conditions of 200 bars, 70 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^\circ{\rm C}$$\end{document}∘C, 7 h, with absolute ethanol as a cosolvent with a flow rate of 0.05 ml min−1, P. sitchensis accumulated the highest polyprenol yield of 6.35 ± \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$0.4$$\end{document}0.4 mg g−1DW. This study emphasised the potential application of SFE-CO2 in the extraction of polyprenol as an environmentally friendly method to be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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20
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Misuraca L, Demé B, Oger P, Peters J. Alkanes increase the stability of early life membrane models under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. Commun Chem 2021; 4:24. [PMID: 36697785 PMCID: PMC9814696 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial life appeared on our planet within a time window of [4.4-3.5] billion years ago. During that time, it is suggested that the first proto-cellular forms developed in the surrounding of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, oceanic crust fractures that are still present nowadays. However, these environments are characterized by extreme temperature and pressure conditions that question the early membrane compartment's capability to endure a stable structural state. Recent studies proposed an adaptive strategy employed by present-day extremophiles: the use of apolar molecules as structural membrane components in order to tune the bilayer dynamic response when needed. Here we extend this hypothesis on early life protomembrane models, using linear and branched alkanes as apolar stabilizing molecules of prebiotic relevance. The structural ordering and chain dynamics of these systems have been investigated as a function of temperature and pressure. We found that both types of alkanes studied, even the simplest linear ones, impact highly the multilamellar vesicle ordering and chain dynamics. Our data show that alkane-enriched membranes have a lower multilamellar vesicle swelling induced by the temperature increase and are significantly less affected by pressure variation as compared to alkane-free samples, suggesting a possible survival strategy for the first living forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Misuraca
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France ,grid.156520.50000 0004 0647 2236Institut Laue - Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Demé
- grid.156520.50000 0004 0647 2236Institut Laue - Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Oger
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS UMR5240, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Judith Peters
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France ,grid.156520.50000 0004 0647 2236Institut Laue - Langevin, Grenoble, France
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21
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Jeong SW, Choi YJ. Extremophilic Microorganisms for the Treatment of Toxic Pollutants in the Environment. Molecules 2020; 25:E4916. [PMID: 33114255 PMCID: PMC7660605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As concerns about the substantial effect of various hazardous toxic pollutants on the environment and public health are increasing, the development of effective and sustainable treatment methods is urgently needed. In particular, the remediation of toxic components such as radioactive waste, toxic heavy metals, and other harmful substances under extreme conditions is quite difficult due to their restricted accessibility. Thus, novel treatment methods for the removal of toxic pollutants using extremophilic microorganisms that can thrive under extreme conditions have been investigated during the past several decades. In this review, recent trends in bioremediation using extremophilic microorganisms and related approaches to develop them are reviewed, with relevant examples and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea;
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22
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Hu W, Feng S, Tong Y, Zhang H, Yang H. Adaptive defensive mechanism of bioleaching microorganisms under extremely environmental acid stress: Advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Salvador-Castell M, Demé B, Oger P, Peters J. Lipid Phase Separation Induced by the Apolar Polyisoprenoid Squalane Demonstrates Its Role in Membrane Domain Formation in Archaeal Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7375-7382. [PMID: 32515591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Archaea synthesize methyl-branched, ether phospholipids, which confer the archaeal membrane exceptional physicochemical properties. A novel membrane organization was proposed recently to explain the thermal and high pressure tolerance of the polyextremophilic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. According to this theoretical model, apolar molecules could populate the midplane of the bilayer and could alter the physicochemical properties of the membrane, among which is the possibility to form membrane domains. We tested this hypothesis using neutron diffraction on a model archaeal membrane composed of two archaeal diether lipids with phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine headgroups in the presence of the apolar polyisoprenoid squalane. We show that squalane is inserted in the midplane at a maximal concentration between 5 and 10 mol % and that squalane can modify the lateral organization of the membrane and induces the coexistence of separate phases. The lateral reorganization is temperature- and squalane concentration-dependent and could be due to the release of lipid chain frustration and the induction of a negative curvature in the lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 F-38042, France
| | - Phil Oger
- INSA Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Judith Peters
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 F-38042, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble 38000, France
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24
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The Cell Membrane of Sulfolobus spp.-Homeoviscous Adaption and Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113935. [PMID: 32486295 PMCID: PMC7312580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial cell membrane is affected by physicochemical parameters, such as temperature and pH, but also by the specific growth rate of the host organism. Homeoviscous adaption describes the process of maintaining membrane fluidity and permeability throughout these environmental changes. Archaea, and thereby, Sulfolobus spp. exhibit a unique lipid composition of ether lipids, which are altered in regard to the ratio of diether to tetraether lipids, number of cyclopentane rings and type of head groups, as a coping mechanism against environmental changes. The main biotechnological application of the membrane lipids of Sulfolobus spp. are so called archaeosomes. Archaeosomes are liposomes which are fully or partly generated from archaeal lipids and harbor the potential to be used as drug delivery systems for vaccines, proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. This review summarizes the influence of environmental parameters on the cell membrane of Sulfolobus spp. and the biotechnological applications of their membrane lipids.
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