1
|
Rashtbari S, Hassanpour Aydinlou Z, Sadeghi L. The effects of Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles on catalytic function of human acetylcholinesterase: size and concentration role. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2024; 14:29946. [PMID: 39296801 PMCID: PMC11406425 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2024.29946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fe2O3 NPs can enter cells quickly, pass through the blood-brain barrier and interact with macromolecules. These materials are widely used in different fields, so their risk assessment is among the most critical issues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a cholinergic enzyme in central and peripheral nervous systems. Methods In this work, the possible effects of Fe2O3 NPs on the structure and catalytic activity of AChE were investigated using circular dichroism (CD), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence spectroscopies. Results The outcomes demonstrated that 5 nm Fe2O3 NPs inhibit AChE activity through mixed mechanism. While 50 nm Fe2O3 NPs caused an enhancement in the catalytic activity up to 60 nM. However, higher concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs (above 60 nM) hindered the enzyme activity via mixed mechanism. Fluorescence analysis showed that NPs can quench the fluorescence intensity of AChE that refer to conformational changes. Furthermore, CD results showed that Fe2O3 NPs can reduce the α-helix and β-sheet contents of the enzyme and decrease the stability of AChE. Also, the SPR data analysis showed that the affinity between AChE and Fe2O3 NPs decreased with rising temperature. After treatment with Fe2O3 NPs, the catalytic activity of AChE was assessed in HepG2 cell lines, and the results confirmed the inhibitory effects of Fe2O3 NPs on AChE activity in vivo. Conclusion These findings provide helpful information about the impact of Fe2O3 NPs on the structure and function of AChE and could offer new insights into the risk assessment of the medical application of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Rashtbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gamal A, Kortam LE, El Ghareeb AEW, El Rahman HAA. Assessment of the potential toxic effect of magnetite nanoparticles on the male reproductive system based on immunological and molecular studies. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14613. [PMID: 36216500 DOI: 10.1111/and.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are the most conventional type of iron oxide nanoparticles used in the food industrial processes, removal of heavy metals, and biomedical applications in vivo or in vitro. Until now, there is no sufficient information that can confirm its effect on the body's immune system and reproductive health in males. The purpose of this research is to estimate the immunotoxic and reproductive toxic effects of MNPs in male rats. This study included 36 adult male albino rats divided into three groups. The experimental groups were intraperitoneally injected with MNPs at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight 3 times/week for 60 days, while the control group was injected with saline solution. MNPs caused a significant decrease in the body weight change of the high-treated group. MNPs produced changes in the lymphocyte proliferation rate which referred to a significant immunotoxic effect measured by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide reduction method. The testicular tissue of male-treated rats showed some moderate and severe degenerative changes. The sperm parameters of count, motility, and viability were significantly decreased. Sperm morphological abnormalities were detected in all treated animals. MNPs produced a significant decrease in testosterone levels, increased the level of malondialdehyde, impaired the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and induced testicular DNA damage. In conclusion, MNPs affected the normal immune state in male rats and facilitated the generation of reactive oxygen species subsequently triggering testicular oxidative stress damages. All these consequences had a negative impact on male reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Gamal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila E Kortam
- Department of Molecular Immunity, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (ARRI), Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han J, Tian Y, Wang M, Li Y, Yin J, Qu W, Yan C, Ding R, Guan Y, Wang Q. Proteomics unite traditional toxicological assessment methods to evaluate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011065. [PMID: 36172182 PMCID: PMC9512491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the first generation of nanomaterials approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as imaging agents and for the treatment of iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease. However, several IONPs-based imaging agents have been withdrawn because of toxic effects and the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate IONPs toxicity and to elucidate the underlying mechanism after intravenous administration in rats. Seven-week-old rats were intravenously administered IONPs at doses of 0, 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Toxicity and molecular perturbations were evaluated using traditional toxicological assessment methods and proteomics approaches, respectively. The administration of 90 mg/kg IONPs induced mild toxic effects, including abnormal clinical signs, lower body weight gain, changes in serum biochemical and hematological parameters, and increased organ coefficients in the spleen, liver, heart, and kidneys. Toxicokinetics, tissue distribution, histopathological, and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the spleen was the primary organ for IONPs elimination from the systemic circulation and that the macrophage lysosomes were the main organelles of IONPs accumulation after intravenous administration. We identified 197 upregulated and 75 downregulated proteins in the spleen following IONPs administration by proteomics. Mechanically, the AKT/mTOR/TFEB signaling pathway facilitated autophagy and lysosomal activation in splenic macrophages. This is the first study to elucidate the mechanism of IONPs toxicity by combining proteomics with traditional methods for toxicity assessment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mabrouk M, Ibrahim Fouad G, El-Sayed SAM, Rizk MZ, Beherei HH. Hepatotoxic and Neurotoxic Potential of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats: a Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3638-3665. [PMID: 34704196 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are increasingly being employed for in vivo biomedical nanotheranostic applications. The development of novel IONPs should be accompanied by careful scrutiny of their biocompatibility. Herein, we studied the effect of administration of three formulations of IONPs, based on their starting materials along with synthesizing methods, IONPs-chloride, IONPs-lactate, and IONPs-nitrate, on biochemical and ultrastructural aspects. Different techniques were utilized to assess the effect of different starting materials on the physical, morphological, chemical, surface area, magnetic, and particle size distribution accompanied with their surface charge properties. Their nanoscale sizes were below 40 nm and demonstrated surface up to 69m2/g, and increased magnetization of 71.273 emu/g. Moreover, we investigated the effects of an oral IONP administration (100 mg/kg/day) in rat for 14 days. The liver enzymatic functions were investigated. Liver and brain tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress. Finally, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were employed to investigate the ultrastructural alterations and to estimate content of iron in the selected tissues of IONP-exposed rats. This study showed that magnetite IONPs-chloride exhibited the safest toxicological profile and thus could be regarded as a promising nanotherapeutic candidate for brain or liver disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A M El-Sayed
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Z Rizk
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmed MM, Hussein MMA, Saber T, Abd-Elhakim YM. Palliative Effect of Resveratrol against Nanosized Iron Oxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Steroidogenesis-Related Genes Dysregulation in Testicular Tissue of Adult Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138171. [PMID: 35805830 PMCID: PMC9266693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nano-sized iron oxide (Fe2O3-NPs) is one of the most used engineered nanomaterials worldwide. This study investigated the efficacy of natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) (20 mg/kg b.wt, orally once daily) to alleviate the impaired sperm quality and testicular injury resulting from Fe2O3-NPs exposure (3.5 or 7 mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally once a week) for eight weeks. Spermiograms, sexual hormonal levels, oxidative stress indicators, and lipid peroxidation biomarker were assessed. Moreover, the steroidogenesis-related genes mRNA expressions were evaluated. The results showed that RSV substantially rescued Fe2O3-NPs-mediated sperm defects. Additionally, the Fe2O3-NPs-induced depressing effects on sperm motility and viability were markedly counteracted by RSV. Moreover, RSV significantly restored Fe2O3-NPs-induced depletion of testosterone, follicle-stimulated hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testicular antioxidant enzymes but reduced malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, the Fe2O3-NPs-induced downregulation of steroidogenesis-related genes (3 β-HSD, 17 β-HSD, and Nr5A1) was significantly counteracted in the testicular tissue of RSV-treated rats. These findings concluded that RSV could limit the Fe2O3-NPs-induced reduced sperm quality and testicular injury most likely via their antioxidant activity and steroidogenesis-related gene expression modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. A. Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yokel RA. Direct nose to the brain nanomedicine delivery presents a formidable challenge. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1767. [PMID: 34957707 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This advanced review describes the anatomical and physiological barriers and mechanisms impacting nanomedicine translocation from the nasal cavity directly to the brain. There are significant physiological and anatomical differences in the nasal cavity, olfactory area, and airflow reaching the olfactory epithelium between humans and experimentally studied species that should be considered when extrapolating experimental results to humans. Mucus, transporters, and tight junction proteins present barriers to material translocation across the olfactory epithelium. Uptake of nanoparticles through the olfactory mucosa and translocation to the brain can be intracellular via cranial nerves (intraneuronal) or other cells of the olfactory epithelium, or extracellular along cranial nerve pathways (perineural) and surrounding blood vessels (perivascular, the glymphatic system). Transport rates vary greatly among the nose to brain pathways. Nanomedicine physicochemical properties (size, surface charge, surface coating, and particle stability) can affect uptake efficiency, which is usually less than 5%. Incorporation of therapeutic agents in nanoparticles has been shown to produce pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic benefits. Assessment of adverse effects has included olfactory mucosa toxicity, ciliotoxicity, and olfactory bulb and brain neurotoxicity. The results have generally suggested the investigated nanomedicines do not present significant toxicity. Research needs to advance the understanding of nanomedicine translocation and its drug cargo after intranasal administration is presented. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chae JB, Heo JS, Kim C. Crown‐Ether Type Chemosensor for the Determination of Fe
3+/2+
by a Colorimetric Method. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Byeong Chae
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of New and Renewable Energy Convergence Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul 129‐742 South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Heo
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of New and Renewable Energy Convergence Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul 129‐742 South Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of New and Renewable Energy Convergence Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul 129‐742 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu R, Lv Z, Liu X, Huang W, Pan S, Yin R, Yu L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lu R, Li Y, Li S. Improved delivery system for celastrol-loaded magnetic Fe 3O 4/α-Fe 2O 3 heterogeneous nanorods: HIF-1α-related apoptotic effects on SMMC-7721 cell. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112103. [PMID: 33965112 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods were prepared by a rapid combustion method with α-FeOOH nanorods as precursors. Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods with a saturation magnetization of 33.2 emu·g-1 were obtained using 30 mL of absolute ethanol at a calcination temperature of 300 °C. Their average length was around 140 nm, and average diameter was about 20 nm. To improve the dispersion characteristics of the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods in aqueous solution, citric acid and PEG were applied to modify the nanorod surface via the Mitsunobu reaction. The results showed that the hydrodynamic size range of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol was 250-500 nm, the surface potential was -15 mV, and the saturation magnetization was approximately 23 emu·g-1. The drug loading capacity of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG was larger than the non-PEG modified version. Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol had slow-release characteristics and was sensitive to changes in pH. Application of a magnetic field significantly promoted the inhibition of SMMC-7721 human liver cancer cell growth after treatment with Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol. Celastrol and Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3/CA-PEG-celastrol increased the production of reactive oxygen species in SMMC-7721 cells and promoted apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2) were also changed. In addition, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was enhanced. We may conclude that celastrol-loaded magnetic Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 heterogeneous nanorods may be applied in the chemotherapy of human cancer with good biocompatibility and delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lv
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Zhenjiang 212300, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shuai Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ruitong Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lulu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - You Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Shaoshuai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Shasha Li
- Affiliated Kunshan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madeira C, Costa PM. Proteomics in systems toxicology. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 127:55-91. [PMID: 34340774 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the ultimate product of gene expression. As they hinge between gene transcription and phenotype, they offer a more realistic perspective of toxicopathic effects, responses and even susceptibility to insult than targeting genes and mRNAs while dodging some inter-individual variability that hinders measuring downstream endpoints like metabolites or enzyme activity. Toxicologists have long focused on proteins as biomarkers but the advent of proteomics shifted risk assessment from narrow single-endpoint analyses to whole-proteome screening, enabling deriving protein-centric adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), which are pivotal for the derivation of Systems Biology informally named Systems Toxicology. Especially if coupled pathology, the identification of molecular initiating events (MIEs) and AOPs allow predictive modeling of toxicological pathways, which now stands as the frontier for the next generation of toxicologists. Advances in mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, protein databases and top-down proteomics create new opportunities for mechanistic and effects-oriented research in all fields, from ecotoxicology to pharmacotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chrishtop VV, Mironov VA, Prilepskii AY, Nikonorova VG, Vinogradov VV. Organ-specific toxicity of magnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:167-204. [PMID: 33216662 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1842934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles determined their widespread use in medical applications, the food industry, textile industry, which in turn led to environmental pollution. These factors determine the long-term nature of the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the body. However, studies in the field of chronic nanotoxicology of magnetic iron particles are insufficient and scattered. Studies show that toxicity may be increased depending on oral and inhalation routes of administration rather than injection. The sensory nerve pathway can produce a number of specific effects not seen with other routes of administration. Organ systems showing potential toxic effects when injected with iron oxide nanoparticles include the nervous system, heart and lungs, the thyroid gland, and organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). A special place is occupied by the reproductive system and the effect of nanoparticles on the health of the first and second generations of individuals exposed to the toxic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles. This knowledge should be taken into account for subsequent studies of the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Particular attention should be paid to tests conducted on animals with pathologies representing human chronic socially significant diseases. This part of preclinical studies is almost in its infancy but of great importance for further medical translation on nanomaterials to practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Varvara G Nikonorova
- Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy named after D.K. Belyaev, Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | | |
Collapse
|