1
|
Liu Y, Zhang Q, Chen D, Shi W, Gao X, Liu Y, Hu B, Wang A, Li X, An X, Yang Y, Li X, Liu Z, Wang J. Positive regulation of ABA signaling by MdCPK4 interacting with and phosphorylating MdPYL2/12 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154165. [PMID: 38237440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth and development and stress resistance through the ABA receptor PYLs. To date, no interaction between CPK and PYL has been reported, even in Arabidopsis and rice. In this study, we found that MdCPK4 from Malus domestica (Md for short) interacts with two MdPYLs, MdPYL2/12, in the nucleus and the cytoplasm in vivo and phosphorylates the latter in vitro as well. Compared with the wild type (WT), the MdCPK4- or MdPYL2/12-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines showed more sensitivity to ABA, and therefore stronger drought resistance. The ABA-related genes (ABF1, ABF2, ABF4, RD29A and SnRK2.2) were significantly upregulated in the overexpressing (OE) lines after ABA treatment. These results indicate that MdCPK4 and MdPYL2/12 act as positive regulators in response to ABA-mediated drought resistance in apple. Our results reveal the relationship between MdCPK4 and MdPYL2/12 in ABA signaling, which will further enrich the molecular mechanism of drought resistance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dixu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wensen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Anhu Wang
- Xichang University, Xichang, 615013, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhu Q, Jiao F, Yan Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Mu C, Liu X, Li Y, Chen J, Wang M. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Maize: A Classic Field That Needs New Efforts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2356. [PMID: 37375981 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Maize is the most important cereal crop globally. However, in recent years, maize production faced numerous challenges from environmental factors due to the changing climate. Salt stress is among the major environmental factors that negatively impact crop productivity worldwide. To cope with salt stress, plants developed various strategies, such as producing osmolytes, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and regulating ion transport. This review provides an overview of the intricate relationships between salt stress and several plant defense mechanisms, including osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species, plant hormones, and ions (Na+, K+, Cl-), which are critical for salt tolerance in maize. It addresses the regulatory strategies and key factors involved in salt tolerance, aiming to foster a comprehensive understanding of the salt tolerance regulatory networks in maize. These new insights will also pave the way for further investigations into the significance of these regulations in elucidating how maize coordinates its defense system to resist salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunhua Mu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Dryland-Technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai L, Ruan J, Xiao C, Yi P. The putative myristoylome of Physcomitrium patens reveals conserved features of myristoylation in basal land plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1107-1124. [PMID: 37052714 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEYMESSAGE The putative myristoylome of moss P. patens opens an avenue for studying myristoylation substrates in non-canonical model plants. A myristoylation signal was shown sufficient for membrane targeting and useful for membrane dynamics visualization during cell growth. N-myristoylation (MYR) is one form of lipid modification catalyzed by N-myristoyltransferase that enables protein-membrane association. MYR is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. However, the study of MYR is limited to a few models such as yeasts, humans, and Arabidopsis. Here, using prediction tools, we report the characterization of the putative myristoylome of the moss Physcomitrium patens. We show that basal land plants display a similar signature of MYR to Arabidopsis and may have organism-specific substrates. Phylogenetically, MYR signals have mostly co-evolved with protein function but also exhibit variability in an organism-specific manner. We also demonstrate that the MYR motif of a moss brassinosteroid-signaling kinase is an efficient plasma membrane targeting signal and labels lipid-rich domains in tip-growing cells. Our results provide insights into the myristoylome in a basal land plant and lay the foundation for future studies on MYR and its roles in plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, ul-Ain N, Raza A, Haider FU, Si H. Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:932923. [PMID: 36909407 PMCID: PMC10000299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Noor ul-Ain
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (FAFU) and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-School of Integrative Biology (UIUC-SIB) Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du H, Chen J, Zhan H, Li S, Wang Y, Wang W, Hu X. The Roles of CDPKs as a Convergence Point of Different Signaling Pathways in Maize Adaptation to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032325. [PMID: 36768648 PMCID: PMC9917105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium ion (Ca2+), as a well-known second messenger, plays an important role in multiple processes of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. As central Ca2+ sensor proteins and a multifunctional kinase family, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are widely present in plants. In maize, the signal transduction processes involved in ZmCDPKs' responses to abiotic stresses have also been well elucidated. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, maize ZmCDPKs are also regulated by a variety of abiotic stresses, and they transmit signals to downstream target molecules, such as transport proteins, transcription factors, molecular chaperones, and other protein kinases, through protein interaction or phosphorylation, etc., thus changing their activity, triggering a series of cascade reactions, and being involved in hormone and reactive oxygen signaling regulation. As such, ZmCDPKs play an indispensable role in regulating maize growth, development, and stress responses. In this review, we summarize the roles of ZmCDPKs as a convergence point of different signaling pathways in regulating maize response to abiotic stress, which will promote an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ZmCDPKs in maize tolerance to abiotic stress and open new opportunities for agricultural applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Islam MAU, Nupur JA, Khalid MHB, Din AMU, Shafiq M, Alshegaihi RM, Ali Q, Ali Q, Kamran Z, Manzoor M, Haider MS, Shahid MA, Manghwar H. Genome-Wide Identification and In Silico Analysis of ZF-HD Transcription Factor Genes in Zea mays L. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2112. [PMID: 36421787 PMCID: PMC9690586 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger-homeodomain proteins are amongst the most prominent transcription factors (TFs) involved in biological processes, such as growth, development, and morphogenesis, and assist plants in alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the maize ZHD gene family were conducted. A total of 21 ZHD genes with different physicochemical properties were found distributed on nine chromosomes in maize. Through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, we divided ZHD proteins into eight groups that have variations in gene structure, motif distribution, and a conserved ZF domain. Synteny analysis indicated duplication in four pairs of genes and the presence of orthologues of maize in monocots. Ka/Ks ratios suggested that strong pure selection occurred during evolution. Expression profiling revealed that the genes are evenly expressed in different tissues. Most of the genes were found to make a contribution to abiotic stress response, plant growth, and development. Overall, the evolutionary research on exons and introns, motif distributions, and cis-acting regions suggests that these genes play distinct roles in biological processes which may provide a basis for further study of these genes' functions in other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abir Ul Islam
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Juthy Abedin Nupur
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rana M. Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zuha Kamran
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Manzoor
- Department of Entomology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maize ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and -9 Transcription Factors Negatively Regulate Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116025. [PMID: 35682705 PMCID: PMC9181540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRI1-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1)/brassinazole-resistant 1(BZR1) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, little is known about the function of maize’s BES1/BZR1s. In this study, the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes were cloned from maize’s inbred line, B73, and they were functionally evaluated by analyzing their expression pattern, subcellular localization, transcriptional activation activity, as well as their heterologous expression in Arabidopsis, respectively. The results of the qRT-PCR showed that the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes were predominantly expressed in the root, and their expression was significantly down-regulated by drought stress. The ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 proteins localized in the nucleus but showed no transcriptional activation activity as a monomer. Subsequently, it was found that the heterologous expression of the ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 genes in Arabidopsis decreased drought tolerance, respectively. The transgenic lines showed a more serious wilting phenotype, shorter root length, lower fresh weight, and higher relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the control under drought stress. The RNA-sequencing data showed that the 70.67% and 93.27% differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly down-regulated in ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 transgenic Arabidopsis, respectively. The DEGs of ZmBES1/BZR1-3 gene’s expressing lines were mainly associated with oxidative stress response and amino acid metabolic process and enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. But the DEGs of the ZmBES1/BZR1-9 gene’s expressing lines were predominantly annotated with water deprivation, extracellular stimuli, and jasmonic acid and enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. Moreover, ZmBES1/BZR1-9 increased stomatal aperture in transgenic Arabidopsis under drought stress. This study indicates that ZmBES1/BZR1-3 and ZmBES1/BZR1-9 negatively regulate drought tolerance via different pathways in transgenic Arabidopsis, and it provides insights into the underlying the function of BES1/BZR1s in crops.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang H, You C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Yang F, Li X, Chen N, Luo Y, Hu X. The Role of Calcium/Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases Signal Pathway in Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633293. [PMID: 33767718 PMCID: PMC7985351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) growth as a key step for successful fertilization is essential for angiosperm survival and especially vital for grain yield in cereals. The process of PT growth is regulated by many complex and delicate signaling pathways. Among them, the calcium/calcium-dependent protein kinases (Ca2+/CPKs) signal pathway has become one research focus, as Ca2+ ion is a well-known essential signal molecule for PT growth, which can be instantly sensed and transduced by CPKs to control myriad biological processes. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the Ca2+/CPKs signal pathway governing PT growth. We also discuss how this pathway regulates PT growth and how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclic nucleotide are integrated by Ca2+ signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen You
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat & Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification, Association of Natural Variation and Expression Analysis of ZmNAC9 Gene Response to Low Phosphorus in Maize Seedling Stage. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111447. [PMID: 33120937 PMCID: PMC7716212 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macroelement supporting maize productivity and low-P stress is a limiting factor of maize growth and yield. Improving maize plant tolerance to low P through molecular breeding is an effective alternative to increase crop productivity. In this study, a total of 111 diverse maize inbred lines were used to identify the favorable alleles and nucleotide diversity of candidate ZmNAC9, which plays an important role in response to low P and regulation in root architecture. A significant difference was found under low- and sufficient-P conditions for each of the 22 seedling traits, and a total of 41 polymorphic sites including 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 insertion and deletions (InDels) were detected in ZmNAC9 among 111 inbred lines. Among the 41 polymorphic studied sites, a total of 39 polymorphic sites were associated with 20 traits except for the dry weight of shoots and forks, of which six sites were highly significantly associated with a diverse number of low-P tolerant root trait index values by using a mixed linear model (MLM) at −log10 P = 3.61. In addition, 29 polymorphic sites under P-sufficient and 32 polymorphic sites under P-deficient conditions were significantly associated with a diverse number of seedling traits, of which five polymorphic sites (position S327, S513, S514, S520, and S827) were strongly significantly associated with multiple seedling traits under low-P and normal-P conditions. Among highly significant sites, most of the sites were associated with root traits under low-P, normal-P, and low-P trait index values. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was strong at (r2 > 1.0) in 111 inbred lines. Furthermore, the effect of five significant sites was verified for haplotypes in 111 lines and the favorable allele S520 showed a positive effect on the dry weight of roots under the low-P condition. Furthermore, the expression pattern confirmed that ZmNAC9 was highly induced by low P in the roots of the P-tolerant 178 inbred line. Moreover, the subcellular localization of ZmNAC9 encoded by protein was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Haplotypes carrying more favorable alleles exhibited superior effects on phenotypic variation and could be helpful in developing molecular markers in maize molecular breeding programs. Taken together, the finding of this study might lead to further functions of ZmNAC9 and genes that might be involved in responses to low-P stress in maize.
Collapse
|