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B. Abo-Zalam H, El Denshary EED, A. Abdalsalam R, A. Khalil I, M. Khattab M, A. Hamzawy M. Revolutionizing Hyperlipidemia Treatment: Nanoencapsulated CoQ10 and Selenium Combat Simvastatin-Induced Myopathy and Insulin Resistance in Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:364-377. [PMID: 39206395 PMCID: PMC11347742 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to develop a nanoencapsulated platform for coenzyme Q10 nanoparticles (coQNPs) or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and explore their potential therapeutic benefits in treating hyperlipidemia and combating simvastatin (SV)-induced myopathy and adverse reactions in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods The physical and chemical properties of the solid nanoparticles, coQNPs, and SeNPs were characterized, including zeta potential studies. Male Wistar albino rats were treated with various interventions for 112 days, including a nano-vehicle only, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with SV alone, or with coQNPs or/and SeNPs for the last 30 days. Results The coQNPs and SeNPs exhibited uniform spherical shapes with high encapsulation efficiency (EE% 91.20±2.14 and 94.89±1.54, respectively). The results demonstrated that coQNPs and SeNPs effectively reduced hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, SV-induced myopathy, and hepatotoxicity. However, combining SV with coQNPs and SeNPs resulted in severe liver and muscle damage. Treatment with SV and SeNPs or SV and coQNPs alone showed significant improvements compared to SV treatment alone. Conclusion These findings suggest that the CoQNPs or SeNPs platforms offer advanced relief for hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance while limiting adverse effects such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar B. Abo-Zalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th of October University, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ezz El Deen El Denshary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Abdalsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza, (12566) Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hamzawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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2
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Kwizera E, Wampande EM, Kato CD, Mujinya P, Wandera A, Bwambale F, Mpumbya JR, Siida R, Ssekatawa K. Hepatoprotective effect of methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum L in highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:243-251. [PMID: 38303124 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has been linked to toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. There are few effective drugs for HAART patients that promote hepatic cell regeneration and prevent liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hepato-protective activity of Methanol fruit extract of Punica granatum (MFEPG) in HAART-administered rats. Thirty rats weighing between 150-200 g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of five rats. Distilled water was given to the rats in group one. Only HAART was given to the rats in group two. MFEPG at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg was given to the rats in groups three and four. MFEPG dosages of 100 and 400 mg/kg along with HAART were given to the rats in groups five and six, respectively. All treatments were via oral gavage daily for 40 days. Under halothane anesthesia, all rats were sacrificed on day 41. Liver tissues were utilized for lipid peroxidation marker; Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes; Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) and histological evaluation, while blood samples were examined for biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, Total cholesterol, Total protein, and Albumin). The HAART-treated group exhibited a significantly higher amount of the lipid peroxidation end product; MDA, and significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, and CAT. Liver enzymes and total cholesterol were significantly increased with a significant reduction in Total protein and Albumin levels in the HAART-treated group. Conversely, the liver function biomarkers were returned to normal levels in the HAART and MFEPG-treated groups. Histopathological studies revealed that when HAART-exposed rats were treated with MFEPG, both the biochemical and histological results significantly improved. Thus, the antioxidant activity of MFEPG provides protection against HAART-induced liver oxidative damage. More research is needed to determine the safety of using MFEPG in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah Kwizera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles D Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pastori Mujinya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Allan Wandera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Bwambale
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jackie Rachael Mpumbya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Robert Siida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Ssekatawa
- Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Center Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE), College of Engineering Design Art and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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3
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Poggialini F, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Pasqualini C, Carbone A, Musumeci F, Schenone S, Dreassi E. Sweet Cherry Extract as Permeation Enhancer of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Promising Prospective for Future Oral Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1527. [PMID: 38004393 PMCID: PMC10674987 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although patients would rather oral therapies to injections, the gastrointestinal tract's low permeability makes this method limiting for most compounds, including anticancer drugs. Due to their low bioavailability, oral antitumor therapies suffer from significant variability in pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The improvement of their pharmacokinetic profiles can be achieved by a new approach: the use of natural extracts enriched with polyphenolic compounds that act as intestinal permeability enhancers. Here, we propose a safe sweet cherry extract capable of enhancing oral absorption. The extract was characterized by the HPLC-UV/MS method, evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity, safety on the Caco-2 cell line, and as a potential permeation enhancer. The sweet cherry extract showed a high antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays were 211.74 and 48.65 µmol of Trolox equivalent/g dried extract, respectively), high content of polyphenols (8.44 mg of gallic acid per gram of dry extract), and anthocyanins (1.80 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per g of dry extract), reassuring safety profile (cell viability never lower than 98%), and a significant and fully reversible ability to alter the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer (+81.5% of Lucifer yellow permeability after 2 h). Furthermore, the ability of the sweet cherry extract to improve the permeability (Papp) and modify the efflux ratio (ER) of reference compounds (atenolol, propranolol, and dasatinib) and selected pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives was investigated. The obtained results show a significant increase in apparent permeability across the Caco-2 monolayer (tripled and quadrupled in most cases), and an interesting decrease in efflux ratio when compounds were co-incubated with sweet cherry extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.P.); (C.V.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
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Agrawal K, Asthana S, Kumar D. Role of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Reprogramming of Brain Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4920. [PMID: 37894287 PMCID: PMC10605619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is known as one of the deadliest cancers globally. One of the causative factors is the imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant activities in the body, which is referred to as oxidative stress (OS). As part of regular metabolism, oxygen is reduced by electrons, resulting in the creation of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammation is intricately associated with the generation of OS, leading to the increased production and accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Glioma stands out as one of the most common malignant tumors affecting the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by changes in the redox balance. Brain cancer cells exhibit inherent resistance to most conventional treatments, primarily due to the distinctive tumor microenvironment. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the development of various brain-related malignancies, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and medulloblastoma, where OS significantly disrupts the normal homeostasis of the brain. In this review, we provide in-depth descriptions of prospective targets and therapeutics, along with an assessment of OS and its impact on brain cancer metabolism. We also discuss targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Agrawal
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
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Nair B, Adithya JK, Chandrababu G, Lakshmi PK, Koshy JJ, Manoj SV, Ambiliraj DB, Vinod BS, Sethi G, Nath LR. Modulation of carcinogenesis with selected GRAS nutraceuticals via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4398-4413. [PMID: 37468211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Keap1-Nrf2 is a fundamental signaling cascade known to promote or prevent carcinogenesis. Extensive studies identify the key target of modulatory aspects of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling against cancer. Nutraceuticals are those dietary agents with many health benefits that have immense potential for cancer chemoprevention. The nutritional supplements known as nutraceuticals are found to be one of the most promising chemoprevention agents. Upon investigating the dual nature of Nrf2, it became clear that, in addition to shielding normal cells from numerous stresses, Nrf2 may also promote the growth of tumors. In the present review, we performed a systematic analysis of the role of 12 different nutraceuticals like curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil, lycopene, soybean, kaempferol, allicin, thymoquinone, quercetin, gingerol, and piperine in modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling mechanism. Among these, 12 Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) certified nutraceuticals, sulforaphane is the most extensively studied compound in modulating Keap1-Nrf signaling. Even though there is much evidence at preclinical levels, further high-quality research is still required to validate the potential role of these nutraceuticals in Keap1-Nrf2 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jayaprakash K Adithya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Gopika Chandrababu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P K Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Joel Joy Koshy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - D B Ambiliraj
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Chempazhanthy, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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6
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Agu PC, Afiukwa CA, Orji OU, Ezeh EM, Ofoke IH, Ogbu CO, Ugwuja EI, Aja PM. Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of molecular targets of nutraceuticals in diseases management. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13398. [PMID: 37592012 PMCID: PMC10435576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking is a computational technique that predicts the binding affinity of ligands to receptor proteins. Although it has potential uses in nutraceutical research, it has developed into a formidable tool for drug development. Bioactive substances called nutraceuticals are present in food sources and can be used in the management of diseases. Finding their molecular targets can help in the creation of disease-specific new therapies. The purpose of this review was to explore molecular docking's application to the study of dietary supplements and disease management. First, an overview of the fundamentals of molecular docking and the various software tools available for docking was presented. The limitations and difficulties of using molecular docking in nutraceutical research are also covered, including the reliability of scoring functions and the requirement for experimental validation. Additionally, there was a focus on the identification of molecular targets for nutraceuticals in numerous disease models, including those for sickle cell disease, cancer, cardiovascular, gut, reproductive, and neurodegenerative disorders. We further highlighted biochemistry pathways and models from recent studies that have revealed molecular mechanisms to pinpoint new nutraceuticals' effects on disease pathogenesis. It is convincingly true that molecular docking is a useful tool for identifying the molecular targets of nutraceuticals in the management of diseases. It may offer information about how nutraceuticals work and support the creation of new therapeutics. Therefore, molecular docking has a bright future in nutraceutical research and has a lot of potentials to lead to the creation of brand-new medicines for the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Agu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Biochemistry Option), Our Savior Institute of Science, Agriculture, and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - C A Afiukwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - O U Orji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - E M Ezeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I H Ofoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - C O Ogbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - E I Ugwuja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - P M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Ishaka, Uganda.
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Di Napoli R, Balzano N, Mascolo A, Cimmino C, Vitiello A, Zovi A, Capuano A, Boccellino M. What Is the Role of Nutraceutical Products in Cancer Patients? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:3249. [PMID: 37513667 PMCID: PMC10383141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy represents the main pharmacological cancer treatment. Recently, positive effects emerged with the combination of anticancer therapy and nutraceutical products. The aim of this systematic review is to collect and synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding the potential effects of nutraceuticals on cancer cells. A systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials of nutraceutical products in patients with cancer published up to 15 December 2022 was conducted using three data sources: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. The effect of high-dose isoflavone supplements on prostate cancer resulted in stabilization or reduction of PSA concentrations in 50% of isoflavone group patients six months after treatment. High doses of vitamin D supplementation plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer showed a median PFS of 13.0 months (95% CI, 10.1-14.7 months) for 49 patients. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of inflammatory level and antioxidant capacity in women with breast cancer showed a significant increase in serum vitamin D concentration (28 ± 2.6 to 39 ± 3.5; p = 0.004) after 8 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, nutraceutical supplements represent a potentially growing sector and can be utilized in medical treatment or nutrition to provide integrated medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Napoli
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Balzano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mascolo
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Zovi
- Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Tuttis K, Machado ART, Santos PWDS, Antunes LMG. Sulforaphane Combined with Vitamin D Induces Cytotoxicity Mediated by Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, Autophagy, and JNK/MAPK Pathway Modulation in Human Prostate Tumor Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:2742. [PMID: 37375646 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer ranks second in incidence worldwide. To date, there are no available therapies to effectively treat advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Sulforaphane and vitamin D alone are promising anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, but their low bioavailability has limited their effects in clinical trials. The present study examined whether sulforaphane combined with vitamin D at clinically relevant concentrations improved the cytotoxicity of the compounds alone towards DU145 and PC-3 human prostate tumor cells. To assess the anticancer activity of this combination, we analyzed cell viability (MTT assay), oxidative stress (CM-H2DCFDA), autophagy (fluorescence), DNA damage (comet assay), and protein expression (Western blot). The sulforaphane-vitamin D combination (i) decreased cell viability, induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy, upregulated BAX, CASP8, CASP3, JNK, and NRF2 expression, and downregulated BCL2 expression in DU145 cells; and (ii) decreased cell viability, increased autophagy and oxidative stress, upregulated BAX and NRF2 expression, and downregulated JNK, CASP8, and BCL2 expression in PC-3 cells. Therefore, sulforaphane and vitamin D in combination have a potential application in prostate cancer therapy, and act to modulate the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Tuttis
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick Wellington da Silva Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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9
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Epigenetics and the role of nutraceuticals in health and disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28480-28505. [PMID: 36694069 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, the data provided by complete genome sequencing could not answer several fundamental questions about the causes of many noninfectious diseases, diagnostic biomarkers, and novel therapeutic approaches. The rapidly expanding understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, as well as widespread acceptance of their hypothesized role in disease induction, facilitated the development of a number of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic concepts. Epigenetic aberrations are reversible in nature, which enables the treatment of serious incurable diseases. Therefore, the interest in epigenetic modulatory effects has increased over the last decade, so about 60,000 publications discussing the expression of epigenetics could be detected in the PubMed database. Out of these, 58,442 were published alone in the last 10 years, including 17,672 reviews (69 historical articles), 314 clinical trials, 202 case reports, 197 meta-analyses, 156 letters to the editor, 108 randomized controlled trials, 87 observation studies, 40 book chapters, 22 published lectures, and 2 clinical trial protocols. The remaining publications are either miscellaneous or a mixture of the previously mentioned items. According to the species and gender, the publications included 44,589 human studies (17,106 females, 14,509 males, and the gender is not mentioned in the remaining papers) and 30,253 animal studies. In the present work, the role of epigenetic modulations in health and disease and the influencing factors in epigenetics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Ahmed M, Bhat AR, Verma AK, Patel R. Collagen-PVA Films Plasticized with Choline Acetate Ionic Liquid for Sustained Drug Release: UV Shielding, Mechanical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:663-673. [PMID: 36696601 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Collagen and poly(vinyl alcohol) films as topical drug delivery systems were developed by plasticization with glycerol and different concentrations of choline acetate ([Cho]Ac) ionic liquid (IL). The results showed that [Cho]Ac improved the performance of the materials and can serve as an alternative to synthetic plasticizers such as glycerol. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was used as a model drug to study its release behavior. Ready-to-use films were characterized for their optical opacity, solubility, swelling, mechanical properties, water contact angle, surface morphology, surface roughness, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Moreover, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies were carried out for molecular characterization of the films. [Cho]Ac used as a plasticizing agent showed excellent antioxidant properties, mechanical strength, and UV shielding properties. Further, [Cho]Ac improves the roughness and decreases the solubility of films. The in vitro release behavior of CIP was investigated at physiological pH (7.4), and the results showed that CIP was released in a more controlled manner due to the incorporation of [Cho]Ac into the films' matrix, while the films constructed with glycerol exhibited burst release of CIP. Moreover, the films loaded with CIP showed excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) as well as Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. This study provides insight into the use of choline-based ILs as plasticizing agents for the fabrication of protein-polymer composite films for wound dressing and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofieed Ahmed
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Ab Raouf Bhat
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi110025, India
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Kumbhar P, Kolekar K, Khot C, Dabhole S, Salawi A, Sabei FY, Mohite A, Kole K, Mhatre S, Jha NK, Manjappa A, Singh SK, Dua K, Disouza J, Patravale V. Co-crystal nanoarchitectonics as an emerging strategy in attenuating cancer: Fundamentals and applications. J Control Release 2023; 353:1150-1170. [PMID: 36566843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer ranks as the second foremost cause of death in various corners of the globe. The clinical uses of assorted anticancer therapeutics have been limited owing to the poor physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and lethal toxicities. Various sorts of co-crystals or nano co-crystals or co-crystals-laden nanocarriers have presented great promise in targeting cancer via improved physicochemical attributes, pharmacokinetic performance, and reduced toxicities. These systems have also demonstrated the controlled cargo release and passive targeting via enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, regional delivery of co-crystals via inhalation and transdermal route displayed remarkable potential in targeting lung and skin cancer effectively. However, more research is required on the use of co-crystals in cancer and their commercialization. The present review mainly emphasizes co-crystals as emerging avenues in the treatment of various cancers by modulating the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic attributes of approved anticancer therapeutics. The worth of co-crystals in cancer treatment, computational paths in the co-crystals screening, diverse experimental techniques of co-crystals fabrication, and sorts of co-crystals and their noteworthy applications in targeting cancer are also discussed. Besides, the game changer approaches like nano co-crystals and co-crystals-laden nanocarriers, and co-crystals in regional delivery in cancer are also explained with reported case studies. Furthermore, regulatory directives for pharmaceutical co-crystals and their scale-up, and challenges are also highlighted with concluding remarks and future initiatives. In essence, co-crystals and nano co-crystals emerge to be a promising strategy in overwhelming cancers through improving anticancer efficacy, safety, patient compliance, and reducing the cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kaustubh Kolekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Chinmayee Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Swati Dabhole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshay Mohite
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professionals, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India.
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Ferdous UT, Nurdin A, Ismail S, Balia Yusof ZN. Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts from marine Chlorella sp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Qi X, Jha SK, Jha NK, Dewanjee S, Dey A, Deka R, Pritam P, Ramgopal K, Liu W, Hou K. Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:204. [PMID: 36307808 PMCID: PMC9615186 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics of brain tumor cells virtually render them resistant to the majority of conventional and advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key disruptor of normal brain homeostasis and is involved in carcinogenesis of different forms of brain cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced by various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized to inhibit cancer initiation by endorsing DNA repair and suppressing cancer progression by creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting in antiproliferative effects. These effects are referred to as chemopreventive effects mediated by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, antioxidants minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity and prolong survival. Antioxidants also support the prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses and trigger OS by promoting free radical production, which is essential for activating cell death pathways. A growing body of evidence also revealed the roles of exogenous antioxidants as adjuvants and their ability to reverse chemoresistance. In this review, we explain the influences of different exogenous and endogenous antioxidants on brain cancers with reference to their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic roles. The role of antioxidants on metabolic reprogramming and their influence on downstream signaling events induced by tumor suppressor gene mutations are critically discussed. Finally, the review hypothesized that both pro- and antioxidant roles are involved in the anticancer mechanisms of the antioxidant molecules by killing neoplastic cells and inhibiting tumor recurrence followed by conventional cancer treatments. The requirements of pro- and antioxidant effects of exogenous antioxidants in brain tumor treatment under different conditions are critically discussed along with the reasons behind the conflicting outcomes in different reports. Finally, we also mention the influencing factors that regulate the pharmacology of the exogenous antioxidants in brain cancer treatment. In conclusion, to achieve consistent clinical outcomes with antioxidant treatments in brain cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies are required with respect to the types, forms, and stages of brain tumors. The concomitant treatment regimens also need adequate consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India. .,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Pingal Pritam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Kritika Ramgopal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Weiting Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaijian Hou
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, Guangdong, China.
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Liu Y, Cummins SF, Zhao M. A Genomics Resource for 12 Edible Seaweeds to Predict Seaweed-Secreted Peptides with Potential Anti-Cancer Function. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101458. [PMID: 36290362 PMCID: PMC9598510 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are multicellular marine macroalgae with natural compounds that have potential anticancer activity. To date, the identification of those compounds has relied on purification and assay, yet few have been documented. Additionally, the genomes and associated proteomes of edible seaweeds that have been identified thus far are scattered among different resources and with no systematic summary available, which hinders the development of a large-scale omics analysis. To enable this, we constructed a comprehensive genomics resource for the edible seaweeds. These data could be used for systematic metabolomics and a proteome search for anti-cancer compound and peptides. In brief, we integrated and annotated 12 publicly available edible seaweed genomes (8 species and 268,071 proteins). In addition, we integrate the new seaweed genomic resources with established cancer bioinformatics pipelines to help identify potential seaweed proteins that could help mitigate the development of cancer. We present 7892 protein domains that were predicted to be associated with cancer proteins based on a protein domain-domain interaction. The most enriched protein families were associated with protein phosphorylation and insulin signalling, both of which are recognised to be crucial molecular components for patient survival in various cancers. In addition, we found 6692 seaweed proteins that could interact with over 100 tumour suppressor proteins, of which 147 are predicted to be secreted proteins. In conclusion, our genomics resource not only may be helpful in exploring the genomics features of these edible seaweed but also may provide a new avenue to explore the molecular mechanisms for seaweed-associated inhibition of human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- The School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-07-54563402
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15
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Li M, Li Q, Dong H, Zhao S, Ning J, Bai X, Yue X, Xie A. Pilose antler polypeptides enhance chemotherapy effects in triple-negative breast cancer by activating the adaptive immune system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2628-2638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Vrânceanu M, Galimberti D, Banc R, Dragoş O, Cozma-Petruţ A, Hegheş SC, Voştinaru O, Cuciureanu M, Stroia CM, Miere D, Filip L. The Anticancer Potential of Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals via the Modulation of Gene Expression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192524. [PMID: 36235389 PMCID: PMC9571524 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet and several cancer forms are preventable with balanced nutrition, due to dietary compounds being able to reverse epigenetic abnormalities. An appropriate diet in cancer patients can lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the efficacy of therapy. It has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals can act as powerful antioxidants at the cellular level as well as anticarcinogenic agents. This review is focused on the best studies on worldwide-available plant-derived nutraceuticals: curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and lycopene. These compounds have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes such as histone modification via HDAC (histone deacetylase), HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibition, DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibition, and non-coding RNA expression. All of these nutraceuticals are reported to positively modulate the epigenome, reducing cancer incidence. Furthermore, the current review addresses the issue of the low bioavailability of nutraceuticals and how to overcome the drawbacks related to their oral administration. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutraceuticals influence gene expression will allow their incorporation into an “epigenetic diet” that could be further capitalized on in the therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Damiano Galimberti
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Ovidiu Dragoş
- Department of Kinetotheraphy and Special Motricity, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Voştinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 16 Universităţii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Jayathilake AG, Hassanzadeganroudsari M, Jovanovska V, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. The comparative anti-cancer effects of krill oil and oxaliplatin in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:12. [PMID: 35236377 PMCID: PMC8892734 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our in vitro studies demonstrated that krill oil (KO) has anti-cancer potential. This study aimed to compare the anti-cancer effects of KO with a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, oxaliplatin and to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with KO supplementation in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Thirty-six male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups received standard chow diet supplemented with KO (150 g/kg)), corn oil (150 g/kg), KO combined with ½ dose of oxaliplatin (1.5 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week), corn oil combined with ½ dose of oxaliplatin (1.5 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week), or a full dose of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week). The control (sham) group received a standard chow diet. Treatments started three weeks before and continued for three weeks after orthotopic CRC induction. The number of metastases, tumour weight and volume were quantified ex-vivo. The expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, DNA damage, PD-L1, PD-L2 and HSP-70 were determined. RESULTS A significant reductions in the weight and volume of tumours were observed in mice treated with KO and KO plus a ½ dose of oxaliplatin compared to the sham group, similar to oxaliplatin-treated mice. KO, and KO plus ½ dose of oxaliplatin significantly increased the expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, and DNA damage and decreased expression of PD-L1, PD-L2 and HSP-70 in tumour tissues compared to the sham group. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo anti-cancer effects of KO are comparable with oxaliplatin. Thus, dietary KO supplementation has a great potential as a therapeutic/adjunctive agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Jovanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia. .,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
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18
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Ortea I. Foodomics in health: advanced techniques for studying the bioactive role of foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Angwa LM, Jiang Y, Pei J, Sun D. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1418-1441. [PMID: 34003450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a major public health problem globally. The non-availability of specific treatment and the irreversible nature of dental and skeletal lesions poses a challenge in the management of fluorosis. Oxidative stress is known to be one of the most important mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Fluoride promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which further leads to activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Phytochemicals that act as antioxidants have the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Evidence confirms that clinical symptoms of fluorosis can be mitigated to some extent or prevented by long-term intake of antioxidants and plant products. The primary purpose of this review is to examine recent findings that focus on the amelioration of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by natural and synthetic phytochemicals and their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linet M Angwa
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kabarak University, Nakuru, 20157, Kenya
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Carrera I, Naidoo V, Cacabelos R. AntiGan: An Epinutraceutical Bioproduct with Antitumor Properties in Cultured Cell Lines. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:97. [PMID: 35054489 PMCID: PMC8780983 DOI: 10.3390/life12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed to improve cancer treatment. Epidrugs are currently used for cancer therapy but also exhibit toxicity. Targeting the epigenetic apparatus with bioproducts may aid cancer prevention and treatment. To determine whether the lipoprotein marine extract AntiGan shows epigenetic and antitumor effects, cultured HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) cell lines were treated with AntiGan (10, 50, 100, and to 500 µg/mL) for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. AntiGan (10 µg/mL) reduced cell viability after 48 h and increased Bax expression; AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity in HepG2 and HCT116 cells. AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) attenuated COX-2 and IL-17 expression in both cell lines. AntiGan (10 µg/mL) increased 5mC levels in both cell types and reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3a expression in these cells. AntiGan (10 and 50 µg/mL) promoted DNMT3a immunoreactivity and reduced SIRT1 mRNA expression in both cell types. In HCT116 cells treated with AntiGan (10 µg/mL), SIRT1 immunoreactivity localized to nuclei and the cytoplasm; AntiGan (50 µg/mL) increased cytoplasmic SIRT1 localization in HCT116 cells. AntiGan is a novel antitumoral bioproduct with epigenetic properties (epinutraceutical) for treating liver and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain; (I.C.); (V.N.); (R.C.)
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21
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El-Far AH, Saddiq AA, Mohamed SA, Almaghrabi OA, Mousa SA. Curcumin and Thymoquinone Combination Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Lines' Progression. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221099537. [PMID: 35583244 PMCID: PMC9128062 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221099537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most harmful malignancy in women worldwide. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the combinatory effect of natural bioactive compounds, including curcumin (Cur) and thymoquinone (TQ), on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines’ progression. We investigated the Fa values and combination index of Cur and TQ in this context. Moreover, cytotoxicity percentages, annexin-V, proliferation, colony formation, and migration assays were used along with cell cycle analysis. In addition, caspase-3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT) protein levels were determined by ELISA assessment. The results showed that Cur, TQ, and Cur + TQ induced apoptosis with cell cycle arrest and decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration activities. Cur + TQ combination significantly increased caspase-3 and decreased PI3K and AKT protein levels. These results suggest the promising anticancer benefit of the Cur and TQ combination against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shaker A Mousa
- Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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22
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Arya P, Kumar P. Diosgenin a steroidal compound: An emerging way to cancer management. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14005. [PMID: 34799857 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To endure respective research for cancer via common food ingredients has become more prominent with preferably minuscule toxicity. Spices are emerging as a new source of bioactive compounds which have the potential to cure cancer. Fenugreek is rich in diosgenin that has curative and preventive potency toward various cancers. Cancer is invading various cellular mechanisms by altering cellular receptors. Cancer falsifies healthy cells by altered cell receptors like p38, p53, mTOR, Akt, and PARP. Distinct stages of cancer development are triggered by various cellular mechanisms. Diosgenin helps in suppressing cancer mechanisms and induces programmed cell death. Diosgenin brought changes in treatment line of lung, breast, prostate, liver, and colon cancer. Apoptosis changes cytoplasmic different caspase pathways and triggers selected sequence for cancer cell line death. Cell death comprised of series of events carried out by metalloprotease caspase. The complex relationship among cancer, caspase, cell death, and cellular receptors is reviewed in this article in respect of diosgenin. The utilization of diosgenin in creating a bar for cancer, its triggering sites, and various ways to cause apoptosis of abnormal cells. This article focused on diosgenin, its role in the prevention of different cancer and cellular apoptosis throughout different pathways involved in complex interaction of bioactive compound-cellular mechanism cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The concept of curing diseases from daily routine food is quite old. Fenugreek is an excellent source of various bioactive compounds especially diosgenin. Diosgenin is steroidal sapogenin that cures various health issues including cancers. Cancer is one of the most life-threating disease which can affect any cell, tissue, and organ in living system. Diosgenin is proved to be beneficial in terms curing cancer of various types but majorly include lung, liver, colon breast, and prostate. Cancer cure with diosgenin is providing a new base to the pharmaceutical and medical researchers to commence new and more specific journey of diosgenin. Diosgenin could alter cellular pathways that modify cell mechanism in way toward treating cancer. Cell mechanism mainly affected by the interaction of cell signals and cell different receptors that cause triggered cell death. This review article focused over various cancer and diosgenin effect in controlling different cellular pathways which include cellular signaling and cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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Li M, Zheng K, Ma S, Hu P, Yuan B, Yue X, Li Q. Pilose antler polypeptides promote chemosensitization and T-cell infiltration of triple-negative breast cancer. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Truzzi F, Whittaker A, Roncuzzi C, Saltari A, Levesque MP, Dinelli G. Microgreens: Functional Food with Antiproliferative Cancer Properties Influenced by Light. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081690. [PMID: 34441474 PMCID: PMC8392261 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative/pro-oxidant efficacy of green pea, soybean, radish, Red Rambo radish, and rocket microgreens, cultivated under either fluorescent lighting (predominant spectral peaks in green and orange) or combination light-emitting diode (LED, predominant spectral peak in blue) was investigated using Ewing sarcoma lines, RD-ES and A673, respectively. All aqueous microgreen extracts significantly reduced cell proliferation (cancer prevention effect) to varying extents in two-dimensional sarcoma cell cultures. The effect of the polyphenol fraction in the aqueous food matrix was unrelated to total polyphenol content, which differed between species and light treatment. Only Pisum sativum (LED-grown) extracts exercised anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in both three-dimensional RD-ES and A673 spheroids (early tumor progression prevention), without cytotoxic effects on healthy L929 fibroblasts. A similar anti-tumor effect of Red Rambo radish (LED and fluorescent-grown) was evident only in the RD-ES spheroids. Aside from the promising anti-tumor potential of the polyphenol fraction of green pea microgreens, the latter also displayed favorable growth quality parameters, along with radish, under both light treatments over the 10 day cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Truzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-6673
| | - Anne Whittaker
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Chiara Roncuzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.S.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44-40127 Bologna, Italy; (A.W.); (C.R.); (G.D.)
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LC-MS/MS Profiles and In Vitro Biological Activities of Extracts of an Endemic Species from Turkey: Stachys cretica ssp. anatolica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061054. [PMID: 34070308 PMCID: PMC8227707 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Genus Stachys is one of the largest of the Lamiaceae family, having around 300 different plant species inhabiting areas with temperate and warm climates. The Stachys species in Turkey are represented with 81 taxa; 51 of them being endemic. Plants of the Stachys genus have been known for their biological activity and their use in ethnomedicine. Methods: The dominant components of S. cretica ssp. anatolica aqueous and methanol extracts were studied with the LC-MS/MS technique. Results: Chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-glucoside and verbascoside present as the dominant polyphenols found in studied extracts. The prominent biological activity of the studied S. cretica ssp. anatolica methanol and aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activity and inhibition of enzymes tyrosinase and α-amylase, involved in skin disorders and diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusions: This study has proven that the aqueous and methanol extracts of S. cretica ssp. anatolica have prominent antioxidant activity, due to a high abundance of polyphenols. The strong antioxidant properties of S. cretica ssp. anatolica extracts show promising application for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries.
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Ferdous UT, Yusof ZNB. Medicinal Prospects of Antioxidants From Algal Sources in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593116. [PMID: 33746748 PMCID: PMC7973026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though cancer therapeutics can successfully eradicate cancerous cells, the effectiveness of these medications is mostly restricted to several deleterious side effects. Therefore, to alleviate these side effects, antioxidant supplementation is often warranted, reducing reactive species levels and mitigating persistent oxidative damage. Thus, it can impede the growth of cancer cells while protecting the normal cells simultaneously. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics hinders further tumor development, prevents chemoresistance by improving the response to chemotherapy drugs, and enhances cancer patients' quality of life by alleviating side effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have been revealed the efficacy of using phytochemical and dietary antioxidants from different sources in treating chemo and radiation therapy-induced toxicities and enhancing treatment effectiveness. In this context, algae, both micro and macro, can be considered as alternative natural sources of antioxidants. Algae possess antioxidants from diverse groups, which can be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite having nutritional benefits, investigation and utilization of algal antioxidants are still in their infancy. This review article summarizes the prospective anticancer effect of twenty-three antioxidants from microalgae and their potential mechanism of action in cancer cells, as well as usage in cancer therapy. In addition, antioxidants from seaweeds, especially from edible species, are outlined, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Tamanna Ferdous
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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O’Neill EJ, Termini D, Albano A, Tsiani E. Anti-Cancer Properties of Theaflavins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040987. [PMID: 33668434 PMCID: PMC7917939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by aberrant proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells combined with enhanced survival and evasion of cell death. Current treatment strategies are sometimes ineffective in eradicating more aggressive, metastatic forms of cancer, indicating the need to develop novel therapeutics targeting signaling pathways which are essential for cancer progression. Historically, plant-derived compounds have been utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemotherapeutic compounds for the treatment of cancer, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Theaflavins, phenolic components present in black tea, have demonstrated anti-cancer potential in cell cultures in vitro and in animal studies in vivo. Theaflavins have been shown to inhibit proliferation, survival, and migration of many cancer cellswhile promoting apoptosis. Treatment with theaflavins has been associated with increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9, all markers of apoptosis, and increased expression of the proapoptotic marker Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and concomitant reduction in the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Additionally, theaflavin treatment reduced phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and c-Myc levels with increased expression of the tumour suppressor p53. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo evidence available investigating the anti-cancer effects of theaflavins across various cancer cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. O’Neill
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Termini
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandria Albano
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Castelli V, Giordano A, Benedetti E, Giansanti F, Quintiliani M, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. The Great Escape: The Power of Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Programmed Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:328. [PMID: 33477367 PMCID: PMC7830655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Tumour malignancy is related to tumor heterogeneity, which has been suggested to be due to a small subpopulation of tumor cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs exert a key role in metastasis development, tumor recurrence, and also epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptotic resistance, self-renewal, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and drug resistance. Several current therapies fail to eradicate tumors due to the ability of CSCs to escape different programmed cell deaths. Thus, developing CSC-selective and programmed death-inducing therapeutic approaches appears to be of primary importance. In this review, we discuss the main programmed cell death occurring in cancer and the promising CSC-targeting agents developed in recent years. Even if the reported studies are encouraging, further investigations are necessary to establish a combination of agents able to eradicate CSCs or inhibit their growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimiliano Quintiliani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (F.G.); (M.Q.)
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Wang H. Anticancer activity of Vicenin-2 against 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced buccal pouch carcinoma in hamsters. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22673. [PMID: 33314472 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Buccal mucosa carcinoma is a significant cause of death in developing nations. Vicenin-2 is a significant bioactive compound found in Ocimum sanctum Linn or Tulsi that possesses several pharmacologic properties. Our focus is to understand the possible impact of Vicenin-2 on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in hamsters. Buccal carcinoma was induced by treatment with carcinogenic DMBA, three times a week for 14 weeks. We determined 100% tumor incidence, abnormal tumor volume, inclined tumor burden, and deduced body weight in DMBA-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) hamsters. The upregulation of cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) was observed in DMBA-induced OSCC hamsters. Moreover, dysplastic, hyperplastic, and squamous cell carcinoma was identified in the DMBA-induced OSCC hamsters. The diminished activities of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidants were observed in DMBA-induced hamsters. Furthermore, the high expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin-D1, and Bcl-2, and attenuated Bax expression were observed in DMBA-induced hamsters. Our study results explored that Vicenin-2 (30 mg/kg) treated with DMBA-brushed hamsters averted tumor incidence, improved the antioxidant status, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Moreover, Vicenin-2 inhibited the immunohistochemical expression of PCNA, Cyclin-D1, and Bcl-2, and significantly restored apoptotic Bax levels. The Vicenin-2 treatment prevents the lesion formation in the oral epithelium of the DMBA-induced hamsters. The Vicenin-2 treatment potentially halts the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) production in OSCC hamsters. Thus, we proved that Vicenin-2 prevents DMBA-induced buccal carcinogenesis in hamsters via improving antioxidants by modulating apoptotic and cytokines signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- VIP Comprehensive Department, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Tomar D, Singh PK, Hoque S, Modani S, Sriram A, Kumar R, Madan J, Khatri D, Dua K. Amorphous systems for delivery of nutraceuticals: challenges opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1204-1221. [PMID: 33103462 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1836607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid products have recently gained a lot of attention as key solutions to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble nutraceuticals. A pure amorphous drug is a high-energy form; physically/chemically unstable and so easily gets recrystallized into the less soluble crystalline form limiting solubility and bioavailability issues. Amorphous solid dispersion and co-amorphous are new formulation approach that stabilized unstable amorphous form through different mechanisms such as preventing mobility, high glass transition temperature and molecular interaction. Nutraceuticals have been received the utmost importance due to their health benefits. However, most of these compounds have been associated with poor oral bioavailability due to poor solubility, high lipophilicity, high melting point, poor permeability, degradability and rapid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which limits its health benefits. This review provides us a systematic application of amorphous systems to the delivery of poorly soluble nutraceuticals, with the aim of overcoming their pharmacokinetic limitations and improved pharmacological potential. In particular, it describes the challenges associated with delivery of oral nutraceuticals, various methods involved in the preparation and characterization of amorphous systems and permeability enhancement of nutraceuticals are in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendrasingh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajidul Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheela Modani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anitha Sriram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health (GSH), The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Banach M, Wiloch M, Zawada K, Cyplik W, Kujawski W. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Anthocyanin-Rich Water-Soluble Aronia Dry Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:E4055. [PMID: 32899830 PMCID: PMC7570557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia fruits contain many valuable components that are beneficial to human health. However, fruits are characterized by significant variations in chemical composition dependent on the growing conditions and harvesting period. Therefore, there is a need to formulate the extracts with a precisely defined content of health-promoting substances. Aronia dry extracts (ADE) were prepared from frozen pomace applying water extraction, followed by purification and spray-drying. Subsequently, the content of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and polyphenols was determined. The high-quality chokeberry pomace enabled obtaining extracts with anthocyanin content much higher than the typical market standards. Moreover, it was found that the antioxidant capacity of aronia extracts exceeded those found in other fruit preparations. Antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties were evaluated using a 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (DPPH-EPR) test and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the level of inflammatory markers have been also investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264 cells. It was revealed that ADE standardized to 25% of anthocyanins depresses the level of markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation (Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) in in vitro conditions. Additionally, it was confirmed that ADE at all analyzed concentrations did not show any cytotoxic effect as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Banach
- Greenvit Ltd., 27A Wojska Polskiego Avenue, 18-300 Zambrów, Poland; (M.B.); (W.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Cyplik
- Greenvit Ltd., 27A Wojska Polskiego Avenue, 18-300 Zambrów, Poland; (M.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Isidoro C. Nutraceuticals and diet in human health and disease. The special issue at a glance. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:175-179. [PMID: 32670811 PMCID: PMC7340978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This first Special Issue collects fifteen original research and up-to-date review articles addressing the beneficial properties of herbal products, nutrient supplements, dietary regimens, and functional food for the complementary therapy of human pathologies. In these articles, renowned scholars present and discuss the curative effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of nutraceuticals, medicinal herbs, and dietary regimens that have been proven effective in the treatment of cancers, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, hearth arrythmia and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Isidoro
- Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Health Sciences, Novara, Italy
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