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Azevedo EM, Fracaro L, Hochuli AHD, Ilkiw J, Bail EL, Lisboa MDO, Rodrigues LS, Barchiki F, Correa A, Capriglione LGA, Brofman PRS, Lima MMS. Comparative analysis of uninduced and neuronally-induced human dental pulp stromal cells in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1052-1061. [PMID: 38739074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease (PD), owing to their inherent neurogenic potential and the lack of neuroprotective treatments for this condition. However, uncertainties persist regarding the efficacy of these cells in an undifferentiated state versus a neuronally-induced state. This study aims to delineate the distinct therapeutic potential of uninduced and neuronally-induced DPSCs in a rodent model of PD induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). METHODS DPSCs were isolated from human teeth, characterized as mesenchymal stromal cells, and induced to neuronal differentiation. Neuronal markers were assessed before and after induction. DPSCs were transplanted into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats 7 days following the 6-OHDA lesion. In vivo tracking of the cells, evaluation of locomotor behavior, dopaminergic neuron survival, and the expression of essential proteins within the dopaminergic system were conducted 7 days postgrafting. RESULTS Isolated DPSCs exhibited typical characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells and maintained a normal karyotype. DPSCs consistently expressed neuronal markers, exhibiting elevated expression of βIII-tubulin following neuronal induction. Results from the animal model showed that both DPSC types promoted substantial recovery in dopaminergic neurons, correlating with enhanced locomotion. Additionally, neuronally-induced DPSCs prevented GFAP elevation, while altering DARPP-32 phosphorylation states. Conversely, uninduced DPSCs reduced JUN levels. Both DPSC types mitigated the elevation of glycosylated DAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that uninduced DPSCs and neuronally-induced DPSCs exhibit potential in reducing dopaminergic neuron loss and improving locomotor behavior, but their underlying mechanisms differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn M Azevedo
- Physiology Department, Parkinson's Disease and Sleep Neurophysiology Lab, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fracaro
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Agner H D Hochuli
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ilkiw
- Physiology Department, Parkinson's Disease and Sleep Neurophysiology Lab, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ellen L Bail
- Physiology Department, Parkinson's Disease and Sleep Neurophysiology Lab, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mateus de O Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lais S Rodrigues
- Physiology Department, Parkinson's Disease and Sleep Neurophysiology Lab, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Barchiki
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz-Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz G A Capriglione
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Brofman
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M S Lima
- Physiology Department, Parkinson's Disease and Sleep Neurophysiology Lab, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
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Marques CR, Campos J, Sampaio-Marques B, Antunes FF, Dos Santos Cunha RM, Silva D, Barata-Antunes S, Lima R, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, da Silva CL, Sousa RA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a dynamic system induces neuroprotection and modulates microglial responsiveness in an α-synuclein overexpression rat model. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:700-713. [PMID: 38483360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The etiology of the disease remains largely unknown, but evidence have suggested that the overexpression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) play key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been earning attention in this field, mainly due to their paracrine capacity. The bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, i.e. their secretome, have been associated with enhanced neuronal survival as well as a strong modulatory capacity of the microenvironments where the disease develops. The selection of the appropriate animal model is crucial in studies of efficacy assessment. Given the involvement of α-syn in the pathogenesis of PD, the evidence generated from the use of animal models that develop a pathologic phenotype due to the action of this protein is extremely valuable. Therefore, in this work, we established an animal model based on the viral vector-mediated overexpression of A53T α-syn and studied the impact of the secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells MSC(M) as a therapeutic strategy. METHODS Adult male rats were subjected to α-syn over expression in the nigrostriatal pathway to model dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The impact of locally administered secretome treatment from MSC(M) was studied. Motor impairments were assessed throughout the study coupled with whole-region (striatum and substantia nigra) confocal microscopy evaluation of histopathological changes associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and glial cell reactivity. RESULTS Ten weeks after lesion induction, the animals received secretome injections in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (STR). The secretome used was produced from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells MSC(M) expanded in a spinner flask (SP) system. Nine weeks later, animals that received the viral vector containing the gene for A53T α-syn and treated with vehicle (Neurobasal-A medium) presented dopaminergic cell loss in the SNpc and denervation in the STR. The treatment with secretome significantly reduced the levels of α-syn in the SNpc and protected the dopaminergic neurons (DAn) within the SNpc and STR. CONCLUSIONS Our results are aligned with previous studies in both α-syn Caenorhabditis elegans models, as well as 6-OHDA rodent model, revealing that secretome exerted a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, these effects were associated with a modulation of microglial reactivity supporting an immunomodulatory role for the factors contained within the secretome. This further supports the development of new studies exploring the effects and the mechanism of action of secretome from MSC(M) against α-syn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Raquel Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel Medina Dos Santos Cunha
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra Barata-Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Amandi Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Barco, Portugal
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS-3Bs PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ge Y, Wu J, Zhang L, Huang N, Luo Y. A New Strategy for the Regulation of Neuroinflammation: Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:24. [PMID: 38372822 PMCID: PMC10876823 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important pathogenesis of neurological diseases and causes a series of physiopathological changes, such as abnormal activation of glial cells, neuronal degeneration and death, and disruption of the blood‒brain barrier. Therefore, modulating inflammation may be an important therapeutic tool for treating neurological diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as pluripotent stem cells, have great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases due to their regenerative ability, immunity, and ability to regulate inflammation. However, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) play a major role in this process and play a key role in neuroprotection by regulating neuroglia. This review summarizes the recent progress made in regulating neuroinflammation by focusing on the mechanisms by which MSC-Exos are involved in the regulation of glial cells through signaling pathways such as the TLR, NF-κB, MAPK, STAT, and NLRP3 pathways to provide some references for subsequent research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Odo A, Kunimatsu R, Abe T, Sakata S, Nakatani A, Rikitake K, Koizumi Y, Tanabe I, Okimura N, Yoshimi Y, Tanimoto K. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-based media in a rat root resorption model. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 158:105854. [PMID: 38056228 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root resorption may occur during orthodontic treatment. Herein, we investigated the effect of a culture supernatant of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on root resorption. DESIGN Twelve 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and their maxillary first molars were pulled with excessive orthodontic force to induce root resorption. On days 1 and 7 after traction initiation, stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and alpha minimum essential medium (control group) were administered. After 14 days, the maxillary bone was evaluated for tooth movement. The expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17 was evaluated on the compression side and tension side. RESULTS No significant difference in tooth movement was observed between the two groups. Root resorption decreased in the group administered the culture supernatant compared with in the control. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased osteoprotegerin expression and decreased receptor activators for nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17 on the compression side and tension side. CONCLUSIONS Administration of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth affected the expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and interleukin 17; hence, these stem cells may inhibit root resorption by regulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Odo
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kodai Rikitake
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuma Koizumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanabe
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Naonobu Okimura
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Ivan A, Cristea MI, Telea A, Oprean C, Galuscan A, Tatu CA, Paunescu V. Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Functional Assessment: Exploring the Changes of Free Fatty Acids Composition during Cultivation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17249. [PMID: 38139076 PMCID: PMC10743411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic regulation of stemness is widely recognized as a crucial factor in determining the fate of stem cells. When transferred to a stimulating and nutrient-rich environment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo rapid proliferation, accompanied by a change in protein expression and a significant reconfiguration of central energy metabolism. This metabolic shift, from quiescence to metabolically active cells, can lead to an increase in the proportion of senescent cells and limit their regenerative potential. In this study, MSCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were isolated and expanded in vitro for up to 10 passages. Immunophenotypic analysis, growth kinetics, in vitro plasticity, fatty acid content, and autophagic capacity were assessed throughout cultivation to evaluate the functional characteristics of SHEDs. Our findings revealed that SHEDs exhibit distinctive patterns of cell surface marker expression, possess high self-renewal capacity, and have a unique potential for neurogenic differentiation. Aged SHEDs exhibited lower proliferation rates, reduced potential for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, an increasing capacity for adipogenic differentiation, and decreased autophagic potential. Prolonged cultivation of SHEDs resulted in changes in fatty acid composition, signaling a transition from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory pathways. This underscores the intricate connection between metabolic regulation, stemness, and aging, crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ivan
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Biology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.T.); (V.P.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Mirabela I. Cristea
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Ada Telea
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
- Department of Drug analysis, Chemistry of the Environment and Food, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Calin A. Tatu
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Biology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.T.); (V.P.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Virgil Paunescu
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Biology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.A.T.); (V.P.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer—Oncogen Center, Clinical County Hospital “Pius Brînzeu”, 300723 Timisoara, Romania; (M.I.C.); (A.T.); (C.O.)
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Guo R, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li N, Wu J, Yan M, Li Z, Yu J. SHED-derived exosomes attenuate trigeminal neuralgia after CCI of the infraorbital nerve in mice via the miR-24-3p/IL-1R1/p-p38 MAPK pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:458. [PMID: 38031158 PMCID: PMC10685568 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role in the development of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The involvement of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1, NR1) in TN has been established. Initial evidence suggests that stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have a potential therapeutic effect in attenuating TN. In this study, we propose that SHED-derived exosomes (SHED-Exos) may alleviate TN by inhibiting microglial activation. This study sought to assess the curative effect of SHED-Exos administrated through the tail vein on a unilateral infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI-ION) model in mice to reveal the role of SHED-Exos in TN and further clarify the potential mechanism. RESULTS Animals subjected to CCI-ION were administered SHED-Exos extracted by differential ultracentrifugation. SHED-Exos significantly alleviated TN in CCI mice (increasing the mechanical threshold and reducing p-NR1) and suppressed microglial activation (indicated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1, as well as p-AMPK) in vivo and in vitro. Notably, SHED-Exos worked in a concentration dependent manner. Mechanistically, miR-24-3p-upregulated SHED-Exos exerted a more significant effect, while miR-24-3p-inhibited SHED-Exos had a weakened effect. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays were utilized for target gene prediction and verification between miR-24-3p and IL1R1. Moreover, miR-24-3p targeted the IL1R1/p-p38 MAPK pathway in microglia was increased in CCI mice, and participated in microglial activation in the STN. CONCLUSIONS miR-24-3p-encapsulated SHED-Exos attenuated TN by suppressing microglial activation in the STN of CCI mice. Mechanistically, miR-24-3p blocked p-p38 MAPK signaling by targeting IL1R1. Theoretically, targeted delivery of miR-24-3p may offer a potential strategy for TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Alizadeh R, Asghari A, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Moradi S, Farhadi M, Mehdizadeh M, Simorgh S, Nourazarian A, Shademan B, Susanabadi A, Kamrava K. Intranasal delivery of stem cells labeled by nanoparticles in neurodegenerative disorders: Challenges and opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1915. [PMID: 37414546 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle-based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell-based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salah Moradi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Susanabadi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Bastidas JG, Maurmann N, Scholl JN, Weber AF, Silveira RP, Figueiró F, Stimamiglio MA, Marcon B, Correa A, Pranke P. Secretome of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and its extracellular vesicles improves keratinocytes migration, viability, and attenuation of H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:827-841. [PMID: 38038971 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapies for wound healing using the secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been shown to be successful in preclinical studies. This study aimed to characterise the protein content of the secretome from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and analyse the in vitro effects of SHED-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) and SHED extracellular vesicles (SHED-EVs) on keratinocytes. EVs were isolated and characterised. The keratinocyte viability and migration of cells treated with SHED-EVs and conditioned medium (CM) were evaluated. An HaCaT apoptosis model induced by H2 O2 in vitro was performed with H2 O2 followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and live/dead assays. Finally, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in keratinocytes treated with secretome and EVs was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and confirmed with RT-qPCR. SHED-EVs revealed a cup-shaped morphology with expression of the classical markers for exosomes CD9 and CD63, and a diameter of 181 ± 87 nm. The internalisation of EVs by HaCaT cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Proteomic analysis identified that SHED-CM is enriched with proteins related to stress response and development, including cytokines (CXCL8, IL-6, CSF1, CCL2) and growth factors (IGF2, MYDGF, PDGF). The results also indicated that 50% CM and 0.4-0.6 μg/mL EVs were similarly efficient for improving keratinocyte viability, migration, and attenuation of H2 O2 -induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, expression of VEGF on keratinocytes increased when treated with SHED secretome and EVs. Furthermore, VEGF gene expression in keratinocytes increased significantly when treated with SHED secretome and EVs. Both SHED-CM and SHED-EVs may therefore be promising therapeutic tools for accelerating re-epithelialization in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Girón Bastidas
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natasha Maurmann
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ferreira Weber
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Padilha Silveira
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Figueiró
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marcon
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology & Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Stem Cell Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa com Células-tronco), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Uzunoglu-Ozyurek E, Önal G, Dökmeci S. Investigating the Therapeutics Effects of Oral Cavity Derived Stem Cells on Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:565-584. [PMID: 38628839 PMCID: PMC11016878 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2892.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Published data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies was reviewed systematically and analyzed critically to evaluate the effect of oral cavity-derived stem cells (OCDSCs) on the recovery or therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington (HD) diseases, and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods An electronic search was accomplished. References of included articles were also manually searched. Studies were critically evaluated for suitability against the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data was extracted. Bias risk evaluation of the studies and evidence synthesis were conducted. Results A total of 14 in vivo and 10 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. PD was induced in 10 in vivo and 7 in vitro studies, while AD was induced in 2 in vivo and 4 in vitro studies. Two studies (1 in vitro and 1 in vivo) evaluated ALS disease and 1 in vivo study evaluated HD. Moderate evidence was found for in vitro studies reporting the positive effect of OCDSCs on PD or AD recovery. Strong evidence was found for in vivo studies in which PD animal models were used; meanwhile, moderate evidence was found for the impact of OCDSCs on AD recovery. Limited evidence was found for in vivo studies evaluating HD and ALS. Conclusion Although studies reported favorable data regarding the OCDSCs on NDs, they presented a considerable risk of bias. Because of heterogeneous study characteristics, the current study recommends improving standardized methods to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OCDSCs on the NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gizem Önal
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medical, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Dökmeci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medical, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohd Nor NH, Mansor NI, Mohd Kashim MIA, Mokhtar MH, Mohd Hatta FA. From Teeth to Therapy: A Review of Therapeutic Potential within the Secretome of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11763. [PMID: 37511524 PMCID: PMC10380442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have emerged as an alternative stem cell source for cell therapy and regenerative medicine because they are readily available, pose fewer ethical concerns, and have low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity. SHED offer a number of advantages over other dental stem cells, including a high proliferation rate with the potential to differentiate into multiple developmental lineages. The therapeutic effects of SHED are mediated by multiple mechanisms, including immunomodulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. In recent years, there is ample evidence that the mechanism of action of SHED is mainly due to its paracrine action, releasing a wide range of soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and trophic factors (also known as 'secretome') into the local tissue microenvironment to promote tissue survival and recovery. This review provides an overview of the secretome derived from SHED and highlights the bioactive molecules involved in tissue regeneration and their potential applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hafizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Islamic Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzati Mansor
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
- Institute of Islamic Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta
- Institute of Islamic Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Mi S, Chang Z, Wang X, Gao J, Liu Y, Liu W, He W, Qi Z. Bioactive Spinal Cord Scaffold Releasing Neurotrophic Exosomes to Promote In Situ Centralis Neuroplasticity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16355-16368. [PMID: 36958016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the most serious injuries of the central nervous system, causes physical functional dysfunction and even paralysis in millions of patients. As a matter of necessity, redressing the neuroleptic pathologic microenvironment to a neurotrophic microenvironment is essential in order to alleviate this dilemma and facilitate the recovery of the spinal cord. Herein, based on cell-sheet technology, two functional cell types─uninduced and neural-induced stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth─were formed into a composite membrane that subsequently self-assembled to form a bioactive scaffold with a spinal-cord-like structure, called a spinal cord assembly (SCA). In a stable extracellular matrix microenvironment, SCA continuously released SCA-derived exosomes containing various neurotrophic factors, which effectively promoted neuronal regeneration, axonal extension, and angiogenesis and inhibited glial scar generation in a rat model of SCI. Neurotrophic exosomes significantly improved the pathological microenvironment and promoted in situ centralis neuroplasticity, ultimately eliciting a strong repair effect in this model. SCA therapy is a promising strategy for the effective treatment of SCI based on neurotrophic exosome delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Mi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhuo Chang
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, SVL, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wangxiao He
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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Mi S, Wang X, Gao J, Liu Y, Qi Z. Implantation with SHED sheet induced with homogenate protein of spinal cord promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury in rats. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1119639. [PMID: 36998812 PMCID: PMC10043224 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: After spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs, the lesion is in a growth inhibitory microenvironment that severely hinders neural regeneration. In this microenvironment, inhibitory factors are predominant and factors that promote nerve regeneration are few. Improving neurotrophic factors in the microenvironment is the key to treating SCI.Methods: Based on cell sheet technology, we designed a bioactive material with a spinal cord‐like structure –SHED sheet induced with homogenate protein of spinal cord (hp–SHED sheet). Hp–SHED sheet was implanted into the spinal cord lesion for treating SCI rats with SHED suspensions as a control to investigate the effects on nerve regeneration.Results: Hp–SHED sheet revealed a highly porous three–dimensional inner structure, which facilitates nerve cell attachment and migration. Hp-SHED sheet in vivo restored sensory and motor functions in SCI rats by promoting nerve regeneration, axonal remyelination, and inhibiting glial scarring.Discussion: Hp–SHED sheet maximally mimics the microenvironment of the natural spinal cord and facilitate cell survival and differentiation. Hp–SHED sheet could release more neurotrophins and the sustained action of neurotrophins improves the pathological microenvironment, which effectively promotes nerve regeneration, axonal extension, and inhibits glial scarring, thereby promoting the in situ centralis neuroplasticity. Hp–SHED sheet therapy is a promising strategy for effective treatment of SCI based on neurotrophins delivery.
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15
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Wang J, Nan Y, Liu M, Hu K. The Role of CD4 + T Cells in the Immunotherapy of Brain Disease by Secreting Different Cytokines. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:409-422. [PMID: 36443518 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-022-10056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon different stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into various subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs. They play both protective and pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by secreting different cytokines. Failure of the homeostasis of the subgroups in the CNS can result in different brain diseases. Recently, immunotherapy has drawn more and more attention in the therapy of various brain diseases. Here, we describe the role of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in various brain diseases, as well as the ways in which by affecting CD4+ T cells in therapy of the CNS diseases. Understanding the role of CD4+ T cells and their secreted cytokines in the immunotherapy of brain disease will provide new targets and therapeutics for the treatment of brain disease. The role of CD4 + T cell subtypes in different diseases and their associated regulatory genes, proteins, and enzymes. CD4 + T cell subtypes play both protective (green) and pathogenic (red) roles in different brain diseases. The immune regulatory effects of CD4 + T cells and their subtypes are promoted or inhibited by different genes, proteins, and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunrong Nan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Industrial Development Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Kaili Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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16
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Ardianto C, Shen R, Barus JF, Sasmita PK, Turana Y, Lilis L, Sidharta VM. Secretome as neuropathology-targeted intervention of Parkinson’s disease. Regen Ther 2022; 21:288-293. [PMID: 36092507 PMCID: PMC9441294 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) caused by ⍺-synuclein aggregation. The use of secretomes released by medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) is one the promising preventive approaches that target several mechanisms in the neuropathology of PD. Its components target the lack of neurotrophin factors, proteasome dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and at last neuroinflammation via several pathways. The complex and obscure pathology of PD induce the difficulty of the search of potential preventive approach for this disease. We described the potential of secretome of MSC as the novel preventive approach for PD, especially by targeting the said major pathogenesis of PD. Secretome targets the major pathogenesis of PD. Secretome regulates inflammation by balancing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Secretome induces autophagy providing cytoprotective effects. Secretome has anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic due to neurotrophic factors as its component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ardianto
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Robert Shen
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Jimmy F.A. Barus
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Poppy Kristina Sasmita
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Yuda Turana
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Lilis Lilis
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Veronika Maria Sidharta
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia
- Corresponding author. Jalan Pluit Raya No. 2, Pluit, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia,
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17
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Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Potential of extracellular space for tissue regeneration in dentistry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1034603. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the proven relationship between oral and general health and the growing aging population, it is pivotal to provide accessible therapeutic approaches to regenerate oral tissues and restore clinical function. However, despite sharing many core concepts with medicine, dentistry has fallen behind the progress in precision medicine and regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapies are a promising avenue for tissue regeneration, however, ethical, safety and cost issues may limit their clinical use. With the significance of paracrine signalling in stem cell and tissue regeneration, extracellular space comprising of the cell secretome, and the extracellular matrix can serve as a potent source for tissue regeneration. Extravesicles are secreted and naturally occurring vesicles with biologically active cargo that can be harvested from the extracellular space. These vesicles have shown great potential as disease biomarkers and can be used in regenerative medicine. As a cell free therapy, secretome and extracellular vesicles can be stored and transferred easily and pose less ethical and safety risks in clinical application. Since there are currently many reviews on the secretome and the biogenesis, characterization and function of extracellular vesicles, here we look at the therapeutic potential of extracellular space to drive oral tissue regeneration and the current state of the field in comparison to regenerative medicine.
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Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182792. [PMID: 36139367 PMCID: PMC9496740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
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Ogata K, Moriyama M, Matsumura-Kawashima M, Kawado T, Yano A, Nakamura S. The Therapeutic Potential of Secreted Factors from Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051049. [PMID: 35625786 PMCID: PMC9138802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells has recently been discovered: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), including deciduous teeth, which can thus comprise potential tools for regenerative medicine. DPSCs derive from the neural crest and are normally implicated in dentin homeostasis. The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) involving DPSCs contains various limitations, such as high cost, low safety, and cell handling issues, as well as invasive sample collection procedures. Although MSCs implantation offers favorable outcomes on specific diseases, implanted MSCs cannot survive for a long period. It is thus considered that their mediated mechanism of action involves paracrine effects. It has been recently reported that secreted molecules in DPSCs-conditioned media (DPSC-CM) contain various trophic factors and cytokines and that DPSC-CM are effective in models of various diseases. In the current study, we focus on the characteristics of DPSC-CM and their therapeutic potential against various disorders.
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Chouaib B, Cuisinier F, Collart-Dutilleul PY. Dental stem cell-conditioned medium for tissue regeneration: Optimization of production and storage. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:287-302. [PMID: 35662860 PMCID: PMC9136565 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) effects on tissue regeneration are mainly mediated by their secreted substances (secretome), inducing their paracrine activity. This Conditioned medium (CM), including soluble factors (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) and extracellular vesicles is emerging as a potential alternative to cell therapy. However, the manufacturing of CM suffers from variable procedures and protocols leading to varying results between studies. Besides, there is no well-defined optimized procedure targeting specific applications in regenerative medicine.
AIM To focus on conditioned medium produced from dental MSC (DMSC-CM), we reviewed the current parameters and manufacturing protocols, in order to propose a standardization and optimization of these manufacturing procedures.
METHODS We have selected all publications investigating the effects of dental MSC secretome in in vitro and in vivo models of tissue regeneration, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS A total of 351 results were identified. And based on the inclusion criteria described above, 118 unique articles were included in the systematic review. DMSC-CM production was considered at three stages: before CM recovery (cell sources for CM), during CM production (culture conditions) and after production (CM treatment).
CONCLUSION No clear consensus could be recovered as evidence-based methods, but we were able to describe the most commonly used protocols: donors under 30 years of age, dental pulp stem cells and exfoliated deciduous tooth stem cells with cell passage between 1 and 5, at a confluence of 70% to 80%. CM were often collected during 48 h, and stored at -80 °C. It is important to point out that the preconditioning environment had a significant impact on DMSC-CM content and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Chouaib
- Laboratory Bioengineering and Nanosciences UR_UM104, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Frédéric Cuisinier
- Laboratory Bioengineering and Nanosciences UR_UM104, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34000, France
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Su J, Ge X, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Wu X. Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated DeciduousTeeth and their Derivatives in Inflammatory Diseases Therapy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:302-316. [PMID: 35440314 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220417153309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from postnatal orofacial tissues can be readily isolated and possess diverse origins, for example, from surgically removed teeth or gingiva. These cells exhibit stem cell properties, strong potential for self-renewal, and show multi-lineage differentiation, and they have therefore been widely employed in stem cell therapy, tissue regeneration, and inflammatory diseases. Among them, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth [SHED] and their derivatives have manifested wide application in the treatment of diseases because of their outstanding advantages- including convenient access, easy storage, and less immune rejection. Numerous studies have shown that most diseases are closely associated with inflammation and that inflammatory diseases are extremely destructive, can lead to necrosis of organ parenchymal cells, and can deposit excessive extracellular ma- trix in the tissues. Inflammatory diseases are thus the principal causes of disability and death from many diseases worldwide. SHED and their derivatives not only exhibit the basic characteristics of stem cells but also exhibit some special properties of their own, particularly with regard to their great potential in inhib- iting inflammation and tissue regeneration. SHED therapy may provide a new direction for the treatment of inflammation and corresponding tissue defects. In this review, we critically analyze and summarize the latest findings on the behaviors and functions of SHED, serum‑free conditioned medium from SHED [SHED-CM], and extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, from SHED [SHED-Exos], and discuss their roles and underlying mechanisms in the control of inflammatory diseases, thus further highlighting additional functions for SHED and their derivatives in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuejun Ge
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology & Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | | | - Ziqian Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology & Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology & Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
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22
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Liso A, Venuto S, Coda ARD, Giallongo C, Palumbo GA, Tibullo D. IGFBP-6: At the Crossroads of Immunity, Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084358. [PMID: 35457175 PMCID: PMC9030159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) is involved in a relevant number of cellular activities and represents an important factor in the immune response, particularly in human dendritic cells (DCs). Over the past several years, significant insights into the IGF-independent effects of IGFBP-6 were discovered, such as the induction of chemotaxis, capacity to increase oxidative burst and neutrophils degranulation, ability to induce metabolic changes in DCs, and, more recently, the regulation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway during fibrosis. IGFBP-6 has been implicated in different human diseases, and it plays a rather controversial role in the biology of tumors. Notably, well established relationships between immunity, stroma activity, and fibrosis are prognostic and predictive of response to cancer immunotherapy. This review aims at describing the current understanding of mechanisms that link IGFBP-6 and fibrosis development and at highlighting the multiple roles of IGFBP-6 to provide an insight into evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that can be relevant for inflammation, tumor immunity, and immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Santina Venuto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
| | - Anna Rita Daniela Coda
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (S.V.); (A.R.D.C.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.G.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Development of a Chemical Cocktail That Rescues Mouse Brain Demyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071091. [PMID: 35406658 PMCID: PMC8997971 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are glial cells located in the central nervous system (CNS) that play essential roles in the transmission of nerve signals and in the neuroprotection of myelinated neurons. The dysfunction or loss of oligodendrocytes leads to demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To treat demyelinating diseases, the development of a therapy that promotes remyelination is required. In the present study, we established an in vitro method to convert human fibroblasts into induced oligodendrocyte-like cells (iOLCs) in 3 days. The induced cells displayed morphologies and molecular signatures similar to oligodendrocytes after treatment with valproic acid and exposure to the small molecules Y27632, SU9516, and forskolin (FSK). To pursue the development of a cell-free remyelination therapy in vivo, we used a cuprizone-induced demyelinated mouse model. The small molecules (Y27632, SU9516, and FSK) were directly injected into the demyelinated corpus callosum of the mouse brain. This combination of small molecules rescued the demyelination phenotype within two weeks as observed by light and electron microscopy. These results provide a foundation for exploring the development of a treatment for demyelinating diseases via regenerative medicine.
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Guo R, Yu J. Multipotency and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.805875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered a promising cell population for cell-based or cell-free therapy and tissue engineering because of their proliferative, multipotency and immunomodulator. Based on recent studies, we find that SHEDs show the superior ability of nerve regeneration in addition to the potential of osteogenesis, odontogenesis owing to their derivation from the neural crest. Besides, much evidence suggests that SHEDs have a paracrine effect and can function as immunomodulatory regents attributing to their capability of secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Here, we review the characteristic of SHEDs, their multipotency to regenerate damaged tissues, specifically concentrating on bones or nerves, following the paracrine activity or immunomodulatory benefits of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: An Intriguing Approach for Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010456. [PMID: 35008878 PMCID: PMC8745761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their beneficial effects and regenerative potential. In particular, dental-derived MSCs have the advantage of easier accessibility and a non-invasive isolation method. Moreover, thanks to their neural crest origin, dental MSCs seem to have a more prominent neuroregenerative potential. Indeed, in basal conditions they also express neuronal markers. However, it is now well known that the beneficial actions of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review we focus on the applications of the secretome derived from dental MSCs for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. The secretomes of different dental MSCs have been tested for their effects for neuroregenerative purposes, and the secretomes of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth are the most studied. Both the CM and EVs obtained from dental MSCs showed that they are able to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects. Interestingly, dental-derived MSC secretome showed stronger neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects compared to that obtained from other MSC sources. For these reasons, the secretome obtained from dental MSCs may represent a promising approach for neuroprotective treatments.
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26
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Liu D, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF. Cell Therapy for Neurological Disorders: The Perspective of Promising Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1142. [PMID: 34827135 PMCID: PMC8614777 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are big public health challenges that are afflicting hundreds of millions of people around the world. Although many conventional pharmacological therapies have been tested in patients, their therapeutic efficacies to alleviate their symptoms and slow down the course of the diseases are usually limited. Cell therapy has attracted the interest of many researchers in the last several decades and has brought new hope for treating neurological disorders. Moreover, numerous studies have shown promising results. However, none of the studies has led to a promising therapy for patients with neurological disorders, despite the ongoing and completed clinical trials. There are many factors that may affect the outcome of cell therapy for neurological disorders due to the complexity of the nervous system, especially cell types for transplantation and the specific disease for treatment. This paper provides a review of the various cell types from humans that may be clinically used for neurological disorders, based on their characteristics and current progress in related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.L.); (L.B.)
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27
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Hayashi Y, Kato H, Nonaka K, Nakanishi H. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth attenuate mechanical allodynia in mice through distinct from the siglec-9/MCP-1-mediated tissue-repairing mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20053. [PMID: 34625639 PMCID: PMC8501097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on mechanical allodynia were examined in mice. A single intravenous injection of SHED and conditioned medium from SHED (SHED-CM) through the left external jugular vein significantly reversed the established mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve transection at 6 days after injection. SHED or SHED-CM significantly decreased the mean numbers of activating transcription factor 3-positive neurons and macrophages in the ipsilateral side of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 20 days after spinal nerve transection. SHED or SHED-CM also suppressed activation of microglia and astrocytes in the ipsilateral side of the dorsal spinal cord. A single intravenous injection of secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 had no effect on the established mechanical allodynia, whereas a single intravenous injection of protein component(s) contained in SHED-CM with molecular weight of between 30 and 50 kDa reversed the pain. Therefore, it may be concluded that protein component(s) with molecular mass of 30–50 kDa secreted by SHED could protect and/or repair DRG neurons damaged by nerve transection, thereby ameliorating mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan. .,Faculty of Dental Science, Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nonaka
- School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
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Upadhya R, Shetty AK. Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1438-1450. [PMID: 34527420 PMCID: PMC8407884 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by neurons and glia in the central nervous system carry a cargo of specific bioactive molecules, facilitating intercellular communication. However, in neurodegenerative disease conditions, EVs carry pathological miRNAs and/or proteins involved in spreading the disease. Such EVs are also found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the circulating blood, the characterization of which could identify biomarkers linked to specific neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, EVs secreted by various stem/progenitor cells carry therapeutic miRNAs and proteins, which have shown promise to alleviate symptoms and slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The ability of exogenously administered EVs to easily cross the blood-brain barrier with no risk for thrombosis and incorporate into neurons and glia has also opened up the possibility of using nano-sized EVs as carriers of therapeutic drugs or bioactive proteins. This review summarizes the role and function of EVs in alpha-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration and the spread of alpha-synuclein from neurons to glia, leading to the activation of the inflammatory response in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, the promise of brain-derived EVs in the CSF and the circulating blood for biomarker discovery and the efficacy of stem/progenitor cell-derived EVs or EVs loaded with bioactive molecules such as dopamine, catalase, curcumin, and siRNAs, in alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Limb Ischemia via Promoting Capillary Proliferation and Collateral Development in a Preclinical Model. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5585255. [PMID: 34512766 PMCID: PMC8427677 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI), an end-stage manifestation of peripheral artery disease (PAD), still lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) have been attracting more and more attentions in therapeutic applications due to their high proliferation ability, powerful osteogenic differentiation potential, and effective anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effects of MSCs derived from different sources in a femoral artery-ligated preclinical ischemic model. We found that treatments with MSCs, including bone marrow- (BM-), adipose- (AD-), dental pulp- (DP-), and umbilical cord- (UC-) derived MSCs, improved limb functions, reduced inflammatory responses, increased angiogenesis, and promoted regeneration of muscle fiber. Among them, DP-MSCs and BM-MSCs produced much more impressive effects in restoring limb functions and promoting angiogenesis. The flow velocity restored to nearly 20% of the normal level at 3 weeks after treatments with DP-MSCs and BM-MSCs, and obvious capillary proliferation and collateral development could be observed. Although neovascularization was induced in the ischemic limb after ligation, MSCs, especially DP-MSCs, significantly enhanced the angiogenesis. In vitro experiments showed that serum deprivation improved the expression of angiogenic factors, growth factors, and chemokines in DP-MSCs and UC-MSCs, but not in BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs. However, DP-MSCs produced stronger therapeutic responses than UC-MSCs, which might be due to the higher expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α). We speculated that DP-MSCs might stimulate angiogenesis and promote tissue repair via expressing and secreting angiogenic factors, growth factors, and chemokines, especially HGF and HIF-1α. In conclusion, DP-MSCs might be a promising approach for treating CLI.
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Li B, Ouchi T, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Men Y. Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654559. [PMID: 34239870 PMCID: PMC8258348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs' functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mesenchymal stem cell secretome protects against alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:894-901. [PMID: 34059421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The capacity of the secretome from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration caused by overexpression of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) was explored using two Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS First, a more predictive model of PD that overexpresses α-syn in dopamine neurons was subjected to chronic treatment with secretome. This strain displays progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration that is age-dependent. Following chronic treatment with secretome, the number of intact dopaminergic neurons was determined. Following these initial experiments, a C. elegans strain that overexpresses α-syn in body wall muscle cells was used to determine the impact of hBMSC secretome on α-syn inclusions. Lastly, in silico analysis of the components that constitute the secretome was performed. RESULTS The human BMSC (hBMSC) secretome induced a neuroprotective effect, leading to reduced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Moreover, in animals submitted to chronic treatment with secretome, the number of α-syn inclusions was reduced, indicating that the secretome of MSCs was possibly contributing to the degradation of those structures. In silico analysis identified possible suppressors of α-syn proteotoxicity, including growth factors and players in the neuronal protein quality control mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that hBMSC secretome has the potential to be used as a disease-modifying strategy in future PD regenerative medicine approaches.
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Lou S, Duan Y, Nie H, Cui X, Du J, Yao Y. Mesenchymal stem cells: Biological characteristics and application in disease therapy. Biochimie 2021; 185:9-21. [PMID: 33711361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. In addition to the capacity for self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, MSCs also have the following characteristics. MSCs can exert immunomodulatory functions through interaction with innate or adaptive immune cells, MSCs with poor immunogenicity can be used for allogeneic transplantation, and MSCs can "home" to inflammation and tumour sites. Based on these biological properties, MSCs demonstrate broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of tissue injury, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. In this review we describe the biological characteristics of MSCs and discuss the research advances of MSCs in regenerative medicine, immunomodulation, oncology, and COVID-19, to fully understand the range of diseases in which MSC therapy may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China.
| | - Huizong Nie
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Xujie Cui
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Jialing Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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33
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Ramalingam M, Jang S, Jeong HS. Neural-Induced Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Conditioned Medium Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052322. [PMID: 33652595 PMCID: PMC7956615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease (NDD) characterized by the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra along with aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Neurogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (NI-hADSCs) by supplementary factors for 14 days activates different biological signaling pathways. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic role of NI-hADSC-conditioned medium (NI-hADSC-CM) in rotenone (ROT)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Increasing concentrations of ROT led to decreased cell survival at 24 and 48 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of NI-hADSC-CM (50% dilution in DMEM) against ROT (0.5 μM) significantly increased the cell survival. ROT toxicity decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Western blot analysis of the Triton X-100-soluble fraction revealed that ROT significantly decreased the oligomeric, dimeric, and monomeric phosphorylated Serine129 (p-S129) α-syn, as well as the total monomeric α-syn expression levels. ROT toxicity increased the oligomeric, but decreased the dimeric and monomeric p-S129 α-syn expression levels. Total α-syn expression (in all forms) was increased in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction, compared to the control. NI-hADSC-CM treatment enhanced the TH expression, stabilized α-syn monomers, reduced the levels of toxic insoluble p-S129 α-syn, improved the expression of neuronal functional proteins, regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and upregulated the expression of pro-caspases, along with PARP-1 inactivation. Moreover, hADSC-CM treatment decreased the cell numbers and have no effect against ROT toxicity on SH-SY5Y cells. The therapeutic effects of NI-hADSC-CM was higher than the beneficial effects of hADSC-CM on cellular signaling. From these results, we conclude that NI-hADSC-CM exerts neuroregenerative effects on ROT-induced PD-like impairments in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Chen YR, Lai PL, Chien Y, Lee PH, Lai YH, Ma HI, Shiau CY, Wang KC. Erratum: Chen, Y.-R., et al. Improvement of Impaired Motor Functions by Human Dental Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cell-Derived Factors in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3807. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031154. [PMID: 33504118 PMCID: PMC7865371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors regret to have made a mistake in publishing this paper [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ren Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Non-Invasive Cancer Therapy Research Institute, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Lun Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh Chien
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Hui Lee
- Non-Invasive Cancer Therapy Research Institute, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Shiau
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (K.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-2517-1167 (C.-Y.S. & K.-C.W.); Fax: +886-2517-1129 (C.-Y.S. & K.-C.W.)
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (K.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-2517-1167 (C.-Y.S. & K.-C.W.); Fax: +886-2517-1129 (C.-Y.S. & K.-C.W.)
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Insights into the Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155241. [PMID: 32718092 PMCID: PMC7432166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome demonstrated therapeutic effects like those reported after MSCs transplantation. MSC-derived secretome may avoid various side effects of MSC-based therapy, comprising undesirable differentiation of engrafted MSCs and potential activation of the allogeneic immune response. MSC-derived secretome comprises soluble factors and encapsulated extravesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs comprise microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. In this review, we focus on the recent insights into the effects of MSC-derived secretome in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In particular, MSC-derived secretome and exosomal components counteracted neuroinflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity and neurotrophic factors expression. In light of the insights reported in this review, MSC-derived secretome or their released exosomes may be used as a potential therapeutic approach or as adjuvant therapy to counteract the disease progression and improve PD symptoms. Also, MSC-derived secretome may be used as a vehicle in cell transplantation approaches to enhance the viability and survival of engrafted cells. Furthermore, since exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they may be used as biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the bioactive molecules present in the secretome and to create a new, effective, cell-free therapeutic approach towards a robust clinical outcome for PD patients.
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Abdelwahab S, Elsebay SAG, Fouli Gaber M, Abdel-Hafez SMN. Comparative study between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and their conditioned medium in the treatment of rat model of Parkinsonism. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:440-457. [PMID: 32557610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is one of the most common aging neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effect of stem cell versus its conditioned medium in the Parkinsonism model. Parkinsonism was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg of rotenone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide for 28 days. Fifty rats were divided randomly into five groups: control, dimethyl sulfoxide, Parkinsonism, stem cell-treated, and conditioned medium-treated groups. Midbrain specimens were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. Lewy bodies were observed in the Parkinsonism group in the dopaminergic neuron and neuropil as well. Almost all of the pathological changes were clearly ameliorated in both stem cell- and conditioned medium-treated groups as confirmed by biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical (anti-nestin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and anti-α synuclein) studies. However, the conditioned medium showed more superior therapeutic effect establishing nearly the normal histological architecture of substantia nigra. These results may pave the future for using stem cell-conditioned medium as a more convenient and effective adjuvant therapy in Parkinsonism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Abdelwahab
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Gawad Elsebay
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Fouli Gaber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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