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Hashem O, Shahin AI, Al Hindawi MA, Fageeri MF, Al-Sbbagh SA, Tarazi H, El-Gamal MI. An overview of RAF kinases and their inhibitors (2019-2023). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116631. [PMID: 38954961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) including RAF, perform a principal role in regulating countless cellular events such as cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Overexpression and mutation of RAF kinases are significant contributors to the development and spread of cancer. Therefore, RAF kinase inhibitors show promising outcomes as anti-cancer small molecules by suppressing the expression of RAF protein, blocking RAS/RAF interaction, or inhibiting RAF enzymes. Currently, there are insufficient reports about approving drugs with minimal degree of toxicity. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop new RAF kinase inhibitors correlated with increased anticancer activity and lower cytotoxicity. This review outlines reported RAF kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment in patents and literature from 2019 to 2023. It highlights the available inhibitors by shedding light on their chemical structures, biochemical profiles, and current status. Additionally, we highlighted the hinge region-binding moiety of the reported compounds by showing the hydrogen bond patterns of representative inhibitors with the hinge region for each class. In recent years, RAF kinase inhibitors have gained considerable attention in cancer research and drug development due to their potential to be studied under clinical trials and their demonstration of various degrees of efficacy and safety profiles across different cancer types. However, addressing challenges related to drug resistance and safety represents a major avenue for the optimization and enhancement of RAF kinase inhibitors. Strategies to overcome such obstacles were discussed such as developing novel pan-RAF inhibitors, RAF dimer inhibitors, and combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hashem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afnan I Shahin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manar A Al Hindawi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed F Fageeri
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif A Al-Sbbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Malesza M, Malesza I, Hadada T, Winkler-Galicki J, Grzelak T, Mądry E. Methylsulfinyl Hexyl Isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) from Wasabi Is a Promising Candidate for the Treatment of Cancer, Alzheimer's Disease, and Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2509. [PMID: 39125389 PMCID: PMC11313713 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) isolated from Eutrema japonicum is a promising candidate for the treatment of breast cancer, colorectal and stomach cancer, metabolic syndrome, heart diseases, diabetes, and obesity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Also, its neuroprotective properties, improving cognitive function and protecting dopaminergic neurons, make it an excellent candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases like dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. 6-MSITC acts on many signaling pathways, such as PPAR, AMPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Nrf2/Keap1-ARE, ERK1/2-ELK1/CHOP/DR5, and MAPK. However, despite the very promising results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies and a few human studies, the molecule has not yet been thoroughly tested in the human population. Nonetheless, wasabi should be classified as a "superfood" for the primary and secondary prevention of human diseases. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art research on 6-MSITC and its potential clinical uses, discussing in detail the signaling pathways activated by the molecule and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Michał Malesza
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ida Malesza
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Hadada
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Jakub Winkler-Galicki
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Teresa Grzelak
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Edyta Mądry
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (T.H.); (J.W.-G.); (T.G.); (E.M.)
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3
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Liu Y, Luo Z. Repurposing Anticancer Drugs Targeting the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Respiratory Virus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6946. [PMID: 39000055 PMCID: PMC11240997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections remain a significant challenge to human health and the social economy. The symptoms range from mild rhinitis and nasal congestion to severe lower respiratory tract dysfunction and even mortality. The efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting respiratory viruses varies, depending upon infection time and the drug resistance engendered by a high frequency of viral genome mutations, necessitating the development of new strategies. The MAPK/ERK pathway that was well delineated in the 1980s represents a classical signaling cascade, essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Since this pathway is constitutively activated in many cancers by oncogenes, several drugs inhibiting Raf/MEK/ERK have been developed and currently used in anticancer treatment. Two decades ago, it was reported that viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses could exploit the host cellular MAPK/ERK pathway for their replication. Thus, it would be feasible to repurpose this category of the pathway inhibitors for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. The advantage is that the host genes are not easy to mutate such that the drug resistance rarely occurs during short-period treatment of viruses. Therefore, in this review we will summarize the research progress on the role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in respiratory virus amplification and discuss the potential of the pathway inhibitors (MEK inhibitors) in the treatment of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
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Gassib N, Issa H, Loubaki L, Behaz S, Almutairi MH, Rouabhia M, Semlali A. Cellular mechanisms mediating the anti-cancer effects of carnosol on gingiva carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12266. [PMID: 38806527 PMCID: PMC11133392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnosol, a rosemary polyphenol, displays anticancer properties and is suggested as a safer alternative to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given that its effects on gingiva carcinoma have not yet been investigated, the aim of this study was to explore its anti-tumor selectivity and to unravel its underlying mechanisms of action. Hence, oral tongue and gingiva carcinoma cell lines exposed to carnosol were analyzed to estimate cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell proliferation, and colony formation potential as compared with those of normal cells. Key cell cycle and apoptotic markers were also measured. Finally, cell migration, oxidative stress, and crucial cell signaling pathways were assessed. Selective anti-gingiva carcinoma activity was disclosed. Overall, carnosol mediated colony formation and proliferation suppression in addition to cytotoxicity induction. Cell cycle arrest was highlighted by the disruption of the c-myc oncogene/p53 tumor suppressor balance. Carnosol also increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant activity. On a larger scale, the alteration of cell cycle and apoptotic profiles was also demonstrated by QPCR array. This was most likely achieved by controlling the STAT5, ERK1/2, p38, and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. Lastly, carnosol reduced inflammation and invasion ability by modulating IL-6 and MMP9/TIMP-1 axes. This study establishes a robust foundation, urging extensive inquiry both in vivo and in clinical settings, to substantiate the efficacy of carnosol in managing gingiva carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Gassib
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hawraa Issa
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lionel Loubaki
- Héma-Québec, 1070, Avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Sarah Behaz
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Zheng L, Xu Z, Zhang W, Lin H, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Liu Z, Gu X. Identification and validation of a prognostic signature based on six immune-related genes for colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 38806963 PMCID: PMC11133253 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy with high mortality and morbidity rates. Although the significant efficacy of immunotherapy is well established, it is only beneficial for a limited number of individuals with CRC. METHODS Differentially expressed immune-related genes (DE-IRGs) were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and ImmPort databases. A prognostic signature comprising DE-IRGs was developed using univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram integrating the independent prognostic factors was also developed. CIBERSORT was used to assess immune cell infiltration (ICI). Furthermore, wound-healing, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to study the involvement of ACTG1 in CRC. RESULTS A signature including six DE-IRGs was developed. The overall survival (OS) rate was accurately estimated for TCGA and GSE38832 cohorts. The risk score (RS) of the signature was an independent factor for OS. Moreover, a nomogram encompassing age, RS, and pathological T stage accurately predicted the long-term OS probability of individuals with CRC. The high-risk group had an elevated proportion of patients treated with ICIs, including native B cells, relative to the low-risk group. Additionally, ACTG1 expression was upregulated, which supported the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS An immune-related prognostic signature was developed for predicting OS and for determining the immune status of individuals with CRC. The present study provides new insights into accurate immunotherapy for individuals with CRC. Moreover, ACTG1 may serve as a new immune biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wulou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yepeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zonghang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Li M, Cao F, Wang W, Ma Y, Yu Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Liu H. Coumarin-Furoxan Hybrid Suppressed the Proliferation and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Activating Mitochondrial Stress and Cell Apoptosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1278-1290. [PMID: 38751639 PMCID: PMC11091983 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) typically manifests as higher invasive carcinoma correlated with a worse prognosis that primarily relies on chemotherapy. There is growing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs have the potential for anticancer therapy. On this basis, we constructed and evaluated a novel coumarin-furoxan hybrid 4A93 as an effective antitumor candidate drug. 4A93 exhibits low IC50 values in three TNBC cell lines and inhibits colony formation and DNA synthesis, probably due to the release of high concentrations of NO in mitochondria, which induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Further research suggests that 4A93 might destroy mitochondria by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and promoting the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Intrinsic apoptosis is induced finally, along with Akt/Erk signaling suppression. Additionally, 4A93 underregulates the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition process to inhibit cell migration and invasion. In 4T1 subcutaneous and hematogenous models of mice, 4A93 therapy suppresses the tumor growth and prevented lung metastasis with favorable biosafety. Our results provide insights into 4A93 in TNBC treatment and validate the contribution of NO donors in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Li
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulei Ma
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhang XY, Liu Y, Rong Q, Qi MY, Guo H. RUVBL1 accelerates tongue squamous cell carcinoma by mediating CRaf/MEK/ERK pathway. iScience 2024; 27:109434. [PMID: 38523780 PMCID: PMC10960137 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is frequently activated in tumor. Therefore, this study will investigate the function of RUVBL1 (RAF-binding protein) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Bioinformatics was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) in TCGA-oral squamous cell carcinoma, GSE13601, and GSE34105 datasets. A total of 672 shared DE-mRNAs were identified in three datasets, and they are regulating metastasis and angiogenesis. Patients with RUVBL1 low expression had high overall survival. Overexpressing RUVBL1 enhanced the viability, wound healing percentage, invasion, sphere formation, angiogenesis, and resistance to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in CAL-27 and SCC-4 cells, and the opposite results were obtained by knocking down RUVBL1. Moreover, overexpression of RUVBL1 bolstered tumor growth in vivo. Strikingly, RUVBL1 diminished the phosphorylation of CRAF Ser259, which led to activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, RUVBL1 contributes to the malignant biological behavior of TSCC via activating the CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway. This provides molecular mechanisms and perspectives for targeted therapy of the CRAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Zhang
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Qiong Rong
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, China
| | - Ming-yue Qi
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Hui Guo
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, China
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Xu Y, Xin J, Sun Y, Wang X, Sun L, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Advancements of Natural Small Molecules in Its Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:472. [PMID: 38675431 PMCID: PMC11054595 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by widespread lung dysfunction, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to the lack of effective pharmacological treatments available clinically. Small-molecule compounds derived from natural products represent an innovative source and have demonstrated therapeutic potential against sepsis-induced ALI. These natural small molecules may provide a promising alternative treatment option for sepsis-induced ALI. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets. It assembles critical updates (from 2014 to 2024) on natural small molecules with therapeutic potential against sepsis-induced ALI, detailing their sources, structures, effects, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
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Timofeev O, Giron P, Lawo S, Pichler M, Noeparast M. ERK pathway agonism for cancer therapy: evidence, insights, and a target discovery framework. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:70. [PMID: 38485987 PMCID: PMC10940698 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
At least 40% of human cancers are associated with aberrant ERK pathway activity (ERKp). Inhibitors targeting various effectors within the ERKp have been developed and explored for over two decades. Conversely, a substantial body of evidence suggests that both normal human cells and, notably to a greater extent, cancer cells exhibit susceptibility to hyperactivation of ERKp. However, this vulnerability of cancer cells remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we reexamine the evidence on the selective lethality of highly elevated ERKp activity in human cancer cells of varying backgrounds. We synthesize the insights proposed for harnessing this vulnerability of ERK-associated cancers for therapeutical approaches and contextualize these insights within established pharmacological cancer-targeting models. Moreover, we compile the intriguing preclinical findings of ERK pathway agonism in diverse cancer models. Lastly, we present a conceptual framework for target discovery regarding ERKp agonism, emphasizing the utilization of mutual exclusivity among oncogenes to develop novel targeted therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Giron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research group Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Centre for Medical Genetics, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steffen Lawo
- CRISPR Screening Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Noeparast
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
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Xiao S, Ouyang Q, Feng Y, Lu X, Han Y, Ren H, Huang Q, Zhao J, Xiao C, Yang M. LncNFYB promotes the proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via LncNFYB/ANXA2/ERK1/2 axis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105591. [PMID: 38141769 PMCID: PMC10867587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specifically expressed in different diseases and regulate disease progression. To explore the functions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific lncRNA, we determined the lncRNA expression profile of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) obtained from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) using a LncRNA microarray and identified up-regulated LncNFYB in RA as a potential therapeutic target. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, LncNFYB was proven to promote FLS proliferation and cell cycle progress but not affect their invasion, migration, and apoptotic abilities. Further investigation discovered that LncRNA could combine with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and enhance the level of phospho-ANXA2 (Tyr24) in the plasma membrane area, which induced the activation of ERK1/2 to promote proliferation. These findings provide new insights into the biological functions of LncNFYB on modification of FLS, which may be exploited for the therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibai Xiao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ouyang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Han
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Zhao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhong Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Parascandolo A, Benincasa G, Corcione F, Laukkanen MO. ERK2 Is a Promoter of Cancer Cell Growth and Migration in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:119. [PMID: 38247543 PMCID: PMC10812609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ERK1/2 phosphorylation is frequently downregulated in the early phase of colon tumorigenesis with subsequent activation of ERK5. In the current work, we studied the advantages of ERK1/2 downregulation for tumor growth by dissecting the individual functions of ERK1 and ERK2. The patient sample data demonstrated decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the early phase of tumorigenesis followed by increased phosphorylation in late-stage colon adenocarcinomas with intratumoral invasion or metastasis. In vitro results indicated that SOD3-mediated coordination of small GTPase RAS regulatory genes inhibited RAS-ERK1/2 signaling. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that ERK2 has a more prominent role in chemotactic invasion, collective migration, and cell proliferation than ERK1. Of note, simultaneous ERK1 and ERK2 expression inhibited collective cell migration and proliferation but tended to promote invasion, suggesting that ERK1 controls ERK2 function. According to the present data, phosphorylated ERK1/2 at the early phase of colon adenocarcinoma limits tumor mass expansion, whereas reactivation of the kinases at the later phase of colon carcinogenesis is associated with the initiation of metastasis. Additionally, our results suggest that ERK1 is a regulatory kinase that coordinates ERK2-promoted chemotactic invasion, collective migration, and cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that ROS, especially H2O2, are associated with the regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in colon cancer by either increasing or decreasing kinase activity. These data suggest that ERK2 has a growth-promoting role and ERK1 has a regulatory role in colon tumorigenesis, which could lead to new avenues in the development of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Parascandolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | | | - Mikko O. Laukkanen
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Center for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR-IEOS, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Guo Y, Li X, Yuan R, Ren J, Huang Y, Yu Y, Tian H. KZ02 enhances the radiosensitivity of BRAF-mutated CRC in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176060. [PMID: 37775019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is a common treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as it reduces colostomy and local recurrence. The RAS (rat sarcoma)-RAF (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)-MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway regulates important cellular processes in the CRC. Abnormal ERK activation stimulates cell growth and provides a survival advantage. Our group has previously reported that the compound KZ02 has a stronger ability to inhibit tumor growth than AZD6244 (a MEK inhibitor). In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of KZ02 in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) and investigated its mechanism of action in BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer. Our results showed that this combination kills tumor cells better than either radiation or drugs alone, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, studies have shown that KZ02 inhibits ERK overactivation. The combination resulted in a G1 phase arrest, a reduction in the radioresistant S phase, and aggravating DNA damage. It can also inhibit Pim-1 (Moloney murine leukemia virus-1), p-BAD (Bcl-2 associated agonist of cell death), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and Bcl-XL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large) levels and promote apoptosis when combined with radiation. Our results suggest that KZ02 significantly increases the radiosensitivity of BRAF-mutated CRC cells by perturbing the cell cycle, increasing DNA damage, and promoting tumor apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingming Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichi Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxiang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Ferreira RC, Duarte SS, de Sousa VM, de Souza RRM, Marques KKG, de Abrantes RA, do Nascimento YM, de Sousa NF, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Tavares JF, Gonçalves JCR, da Silva MS, Sobral MV. The Essential Oil from Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae) Exerts an In Vitro Antimelanoma Effect by Inducing Apoptosis and Modulating the MAPKs, NF-κB, and PKB/AKT Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1553. [PMID: 38004419 PMCID: PMC10674350 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization and cytotoxicity of the essential oil from Conyza bonariensis (L.) aerial parts (CBEO) were previously conducted. The major compound was (Z)-2-lachnophyllum ester (EZ), and CBEO exhibited significant ROS-dependent cytotoxicity in the melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28. Herein, we employed the Molegro Virtual Docker v.6.0.1 software to investigate the interactions between the EZ and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs), the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT). Additionally, in vitro assays were performed in SK-MEL-28 cells to assess the effect of CBEO on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and these signaling pathways by flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using MAPKs inhibitors. CBEO induced a significant increase in the sub-G1 peak, as well as biochemical and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. The in-silico results indicated that EZ interacts with Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 (ERK1), c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1), p38α MAPK, NF-κB, and PKB/AKT. Moreover, CBEO modulated the ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and PKB/AKT activities in SK-MEL-28 cells. Furthermore, CBEO's cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-28 cells was significantly altered in the presence of MAPKs inhibitors. These findings support the in vitro antimelanoma effect of CBEO through apoptosis induction, and the modulation of ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and PKB/AKT activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil (R.R.M.d.S.); (K.K.G.M.)
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14
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Chen W, Park JI. Tumor Cell Resistance to the Inhibition of BRAF and MEK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14837. [PMID: 37834284 PMCID: PMC10573597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, with an overall frequency of about 50%. Targeting BRAF and its effector mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) is now a key therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant tumors, and therapies based on dual BRAF/MEK inhibition showed significant efficacy in a broad spectrum of BRAF tumors. Nonetheless, BRAF/MEK inhibition therapy is not always effective for BRAF tumor suppression, and significant challenges remain to improve its clinical outcomes. First, certain BRAF tumors have an intrinsic ability to rapidly adapt to the presence of BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors by bypassing drug effects via rewired signaling, metabolic, and regulatory networks. Second, almost all tumors initially responsive to BRAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors eventually acquire therapy resistance via an additional genetic or epigenetic alteration(s). Overcoming these challenges requires identifying the molecular mechanism underlying tumor cell resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors and analyzing their specificity in different BRAF tumors. This review aims to update this information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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15
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Korucu Aktas P, Baysal I, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S, Arica B. Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Crizotinib-Loaded Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:178. [PMID: 37658977 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to produce, optimize, characterize, and compare crizotinib-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (CL-LPHNPs), representing a novel contribution to the existing literature, and to determine their anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effect of three independent variables: polymer amount (X1), soy phosphatidylcholine (X2), and DSPE-PEG (X3), on three responses: particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (Y2), and zeta potential (Y3). Different parameters were evaluated on the optimized LPHNP formulations such as encapsulation efficiency, drug release study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis, and in vitro cell evaluations. The mean particle size of the optimized formulation is between 120 and 220 nm with a PDI< 0.2 and a zeta potential of -10 to -15 mV. The encapsulation efficiency values of crizotinib-loaded PLGA-LPHNPs (CL-PLGA-LPHNPs) and crizotinib-loaded PCL-LPHNPs (CL-PCL-LPHNPs) were 79.25±0.07% and 70.93±1.81%, respectively. Drug release study of CL-PLGA-LPHNPs and CL-PCL-LPHNPs showed a controlled and sustained release pattern as a result of core-shell type. Additionally, after 48 h, CL-PLGA-LPHNPs and CL-PCL-LPHNPs significantly reduced the viability of NCI-H2228 cells compared to free crizotinib. Moreover, CL-PLGA-LPHNPs and CL-PCL-LPHNPs exhibited a significant decrease in RAS, RAF, MEK, and ERK gene/protein expression levels after 48-h incubation. In conclusion, this pioneering study introduces lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles containing crizotinib as a novel treatment approach, uniting the advantages of a polymeric core and a lipid shell. The successful formulation optimization using Box-Behnken design yielded nanoparticles with adjustable size, remarkable stability, high drug loading, and a customizable drug release profile. Extensive investigations of key parameters, including particle size, PDI, ZP, TEM analysis, drug release, EE%, and in vitro evaluations, validate the potential of these nanoparticles. Moreover, the examination of two different polymers, PLGA and PCL, highlights their distinct impacts on nanoparticle performance. This research opens up new prospects for advanced therapeutic interventions with lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelinsu Korucu Aktas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Baysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Betul Arica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Li W, Yang Z, Ding L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Chu JJ, Ji Q, Yao M, Wang J. A novel 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio)pyrimidine derivative inhibits cell proliferation by suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:489-502. [PMID: 37708962 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignant cancers worldwide. Although molecularly targeted therapies have significantly improved treatment outcomes, most of these target inhibitors are resistant. Novel inhibitors as potential anticancer drug candidates are still needed to be discovered. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized a novel 4-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio)pyrimidine derivative (compound 4) using fragment- and structure-based techniques and then investigated the anticancer effect and underlying mechanism of anti-CRC. The results revealed that compound 4 significantly inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation with IC 50 values of 8.04 ± 0.94 µmol L-1 after 48 h and 5.52 ± 0.42 µmol L-1 after 72 h, respectively. Compound 4 also inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. In addition, compound 4 was able to inhibit the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling in HCT116 cells. And compound 4 yielded the same effects as the MEK inhibitor U0126 on cell apoptosis and MEK/ERK-related proteins. These findings suggested that compound 4 inhi bited cell proliferation and growth, and induced cell apoptosis, indicating its use as a novel and potent anticancer agent against CRC via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Likun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Jian Jie Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
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17
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Park JI. MAPK-ERK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9666. [PMID: 37298618 PMCID: PMC10253477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The name extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was first used for a cell cycle regulating Ser/Thr protein kinase cloned in mammalian cells [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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18
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Xu Y, Sun Y, Song X, Ren J. The mechanisms and diagnostic potential of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and their related signaling pathways in cervical cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170059. [PMID: 37215076 PMCID: PMC10192553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), the fourth most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Due to the long period of latency in CC, most patients are already in the middle to late stages when initially diagnosed, which greatly reduces the clinical cure rate and quality of survival, thus resulting in poor outcomes. In recent years, with continuous exploration in the fields of bioinformatics and molecules, it has been found that ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, without the ability to translate proteins are capable of activating or inhibiting certain signaling pathways by targeting and modulating the level of expression of proteins involved in these signaling pathways. ncRNAs play important roles in assisting with diagnosis, drug administration, and prediction of prognosis during CC progression. As an entry point, the mechanisms of interaction between miRNAs, lncRNAs, and signaling pathways have long been a focus in basic research relating to CC, and numerous experimental studies have confirmed the close relationship of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and signaling pathways with CC development. Against this background, we summarize the latest advances in the involvement of lncRNA- and miRNA-related signaling pathways in the development of CC to provide guidance for CC treatment.
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19
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Wang Y, Wu J, Xia SW, Zhao F, Ding Q, Ye XM, Zhong JF, Chen KL, Wang HL. miR-27a-3p relieves heat stress-induced mitochondrial damage and aberrant milk protein synthesis through MEK/ERK pathway in BMECs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:265-274. [PMID: 36881375 PMCID: PMC10167065 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With global warming, heat stress has become a primary factor that compromises the health and milk quality of dairy cows. Here, we investigated the function and underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) under heat-stress conditions. The current study showed that miR-27a-3p could prevent heat stress-induced BMEC oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by regulating the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. Importantly, we found that miR-27a-3p could increase cell proliferation under heat stress conditions by regulating the MEK/ERK pathway and cyclin D1/E1. Interestingly, miR-27a-3p is also involved in the regulation of milk protein synthesis-related protein expression, such as CSN2 and ELF5. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by AZD6244 blocked the regulatory function of miR-27a-3p in cell proliferation and milk protein synthesis in BMECs under heat stress conditions. Our findings demonstrated that miR-27a-3p protects BMECs from heat stress-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby promoting BMECs proliferation and lactation in dairy cows. The potential regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p in attenuating heat stress-induced apoptosis and lactation defect in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shanghai Bright Holstan Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shu-Wen Xia
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Ye
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhong
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun-Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Institute of Animal Science /Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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20
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Wang D, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li M, Wu Q, Li X, Zhao L, Yuan Q, Yu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Dong Z, Liu K, Jiang Y. Daurisoline suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting MEK1/2 kinase. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:517-531. [PMID: 36645220 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 90% of esophageal cancers and has a high mortality rate worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of ESCC patients in developing countries is <20%. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing new and effective treatments that are based on newly-discovered emerging molecules and pathways to prevent ESCC occurrence and recurrence. We investigated the effects of Daurisoline, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the rhizome of menisperum dauricum, on ESCC cell proliferation and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its functions. To explore the effects of Daurisoline on ESCC growth in vitro and in vivo, cell proliferation assays and anchorage-independent growth assays were performed and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was established. Subsequently, phosphoproteomics, molecular docking analysis, pull down assays, mutation experiments and in vitro kinase assay were performed to explore the mechanism of Daurisoline's function on ESCC. Daurisoline inhibited ESCC proliferation in vitro and reduced ESCC PDX exnograft growth in vivo by reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, it directly bound to MEK1 (at Asn78 and Lys97) and MEK2 (at Asp194 and Asp212) kinases to inactivate the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that Daurisoline is a dual inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 and suppresses ESCC growth both in vitro and in vivo by inactivating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This is first report on the use of MEK inhibitor for ESCC and highlights its potential applications for ESCC treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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21
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Sun S, Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Wang L, Zhao H, Zhang Y. Pharmacodynamic structure of deer antler base protein and its mammary gland hyperplasia inhibition mechanism by mediating Raf-1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation. Food Funct 2023; 14:3319-3331. [PMID: 36939833 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) is a common mammary disease whose main pathogenesis is the disruption of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) secretion, thereby causing overproliferation of mammary epithelial cells and mammary gland tissue hyperplasia. Deer antler base is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for many years to treat MGH. However, its pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis are unclear. In this study, we for the first time used the graded salting method to classify deer antler base protein (CNCP) as CNCP-A, CNCP-B, and CNCP-C and explored the pharmacological mechanism of the anti-MGH properties of CNCP. We found that CNCP could regulate the hormonal levels of E2, P, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and improve the histopathological condition. The potential mechanism might be related to the recombinant C-Raf proto oncogene serine/threonine protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular regulated protein kinase (Raf-1/MEK/ERK) signaling pathway. By upregulating the protein expression of the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited the activation of the downstream Raf-1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which in turn inhibited the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. We analyzed the physicochemical properties of CNCP-A, CNCP-B, and CNCP-C and obtained CNCP-C-I by column chromatographic purification of the best pharmacophore protein CNCP. Using high-performance liquid gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC), we determined the molecular weight of CNCP-C-I and identified it by high-performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain the first match for a high confidence protein KRT1. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of effective traditional Chinese medicines with low toxicity levels for the prevention and treatment of mammary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Zijun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007 Heilongjiang, P. R. China.
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Preclinical Studies of Chiauranib Show It Inhibits Transformed Follicular Lymphoma through the VEGFR2/ERK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010015. [PMID: 36678513 PMCID: PMC9865968 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed follicular lymphoma (t-FL), for which there is no efficient treatment strategy, has a rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis, which are the main reasons for FL treatment failure. In this study, we identified a promising therapeutic approach with chiauranib, a novel orally developed multitarget inhibitor targeting VEGFR/Aurora B/CSF-1R. We first determined the cytotoxicity of chiauranib in t-FL cell lines through CCK-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. We also determined the killing effect of chiauranib in a xenograft model. More importantly, we identified the underlying mechanism of chiauranib in t-FL tumorigenesis by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Treatment with chiauranib significantly inhibited cell growth and migration, promoted apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and resulted in significant killing in vivo. Mechanistically, chiauranib suppresses the phosphorylation level of VEGFR2, which has an anti-t-FL effect by inhibiting the downstream MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling cascade. In conclusion, chiauranib may be a potential therapy to treat t-FL, since it inhibits tumor growth and migration and induces apoptosis by altering the VEGFR2/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Li Q, Li Z, Luo T, Shi H. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways for cancer therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:47. [PMID: 36539659 PMCID: PMC9768098 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are commonly activated by mutations and chromosomal translocation in vital targets. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is dysregulated in nearly all kinds of neoplasms, with the component in this pathway alternations. RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascades are used to conduct signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus to mediate gene expression, cell cycle processes and apoptosis. RAS, B-Raf, PI3K, and PTEN are frequent upstream alternative sites. These mutations resulted in activated cell growth and downregulated cell apoptosis. The two pathways interact with each other to participate in tumorigenesis. PTEN alterations suppress RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity via AKT phosphorylation and RAS inhibition. Several inhibitors targeting major components of these two pathways have been supported by the FDA. Dozens of agents in these two pathways have attracted great attention and have been assessed in clinical trials. The combination of small molecular inhibitors with traditional regimens has also been explored. Furthermore, dual inhibitors provide new insight into antitumor activity. This review will further comprehensively describe the genetic alterations in normal patients and tumor patients and discuss the role of targeted inhibitors in malignant neoplasm therapy. We hope this review will promote a comprehensive understanding of the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in facilitating tumors and will help direct drug selection for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Breast, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
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Skorda A, Bay ML, Hautaniemi S, Lahtinen A, Kallunki T. Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: Current State and Future Promises. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246257. [PMID: 36551745 PMCID: PMC9777107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer, the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) being its most common and most aggressive form. Despite the latest therapeutical advancements following the introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) targeting angiogenesis inhibitors and poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to supplement the standard platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, the expected overall survival of HGSC patients has not improved significantly from the five-year rate of 42%. This calls for the development and testing of more efficient treatment options. Many oncogenic kinase-signaling pathways are dysregulated in HGSC. Since small-molecule kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many solid cancers due to the generality of the increased activation of protein kinases in carcinomas, it is reasonable to evaluate their potential against HGSC. Here, we present the latest concluded and on-going clinical trials on kinase inhibitors in HGSC, as well as the recent work concerning ovarian cancer patient organoids and xenograft models. We discuss the potential of kinase inhibitors as personalized treatments, which would require comprehensive assessment of the biological mechanisms underlying tumor spread and chemoresistance in individual patients, and their connection to tumor genome and transcriptome to establish identifiable subgroups of patients who are most likely to benefit from a given therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Skorda
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lund Bay
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Lahtinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cancer Invasion and Resistance Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.K.)
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25
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Pang K, Wang W, Qin J, Shi Z, Hao L, Ma Y, Xu H, Wu Z, Pan D, Chen Z, Han C. Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e175. [DOI: 10.1002/mco2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical College Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia‐Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhen‐Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yu‐Yang Ma
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Hao Xu
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhuo‐Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Deng Pan
- Graduate School Bengbu Medical College Bengbu Anhui China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, Queens New York New York USA
| | - Cong‐Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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Autologous Bioactive Compound Concentrated Growth Factor Ameliorates Fistula Healing of Anal Fistula in a Pig Model and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Human Skin Fibroblasts via Regulating the MEK/ERK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7660118. [PMID: 36281422 PMCID: PMC9587676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggested that autologous concentrated growth factor (CGF), a new bioactive compound from autologous blood is used widely as an ingenious biomaterial in tissue regeneration with anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated whether CGF could be involved in the treatment of fistula healing in the anal fistula. For this purpose, the porcine anal fistula model was conducted using the rubber band ligation method and collected pig autogenic CGF to treat the fistulas. CGF treatment promoted fistula healing, which was reflected in the downregulation of inflammatory factors, upregulation of growth factors, and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition with increased collagen synthesis. Besides, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of fistula tissues between the control and CGF groups showed that the microbial populations exhibiting significant differences were VadinCA02, Blastomonas, Deinococcus, Devosia, Sphingomonas, Rubrobacteria, and GW_34. CGF of volunteers were collected to process small interfering RNA- (siRNA-) ERK or siRNA-negative control transfected human skin fibroblasts (HSF). The results showed that CGF also promoted the proliferation and extracellular matrix-related functions in HSF, as well as activated the MEK/ERK pathway in vitro and in vivo. Finally, knockdown ERK reversed the effects of CGF in promoting wound healing in HSF. Collectively, our results suggest that the CGF as the bioactive compound from autologous blood exhibited great potential for repairing fistulas as well as promoting the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts by triggering MEK/ERK signaling. These findings provided a fresh perspective for understanding the role of CGF in the management of fistulas.
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27
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Yang Z, Yang X, An M. Polyphyllin I improves myocardial damage in coronary artery disease via modulating lipid metabolism and myocardial apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23219. [PMID: 36120828 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polyphyllin I (PPI) is a famous traditional medicine ingredient, which has been explored in wide range of areas. Nevertheless, whether PPI exerts any functions in coronary artery disease (CAD) is still uncertified. Herein, we probed the effect and mechanism of PPI on lipid metabolism and myocardial dysfunction in myocardial cells and CAD rat model. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated H9c2 cells model was constructed for the in vitro experiments, and CAD model in vivo was established by high-fat feeding. After management with PPI, the correlated factors of lipid metabolism and myocardial function were investigated. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and TUNEL staining. The apoptosis-associated factors (caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were tested by Western blot analysis. The MEK/ERK inhibitor was applied and the functions of MEK/ERK pathway in myocardial damage were investigated. H/R-treated H9c2 cells model was constructed for the in vitro experiments, and CAD model in vivo was established by high-fat feeding. After management with PPI, the correlated factors of lipid metabolism and myocardial function were investigated. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and TUNEL staining. The apoptosis-associated factors (caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were tested by Western blot analysis. The MEK/ERK inhibitor was applied and the functions of MEK/ERK pathway in myocardial damage were investigated. PPI improved lipid metabolism disorder in H/R-induced H9c2 cells or in CAD rat model. Additionally, PPI attenuated myocardial dysfunction in CAD rats via enhancing left ventricular systolic pressure, maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax ), and arterial blood flow (CF). The apoptosis of myocardial cells was lessened by PPI management, which was further verified by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase 3 expression. Furthermore, PD0325901 (MEK/ERK inhibitor) weakened the effect of PPI on myocardial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and myocardial cell apoptosis in CAD rats. The research confirmed the protective effect of PPI on myocardial damage in CAD, which was regulated by MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mingchun An
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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28
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Venkatakrishnan G, Parvathi VD. Decoding the mechanism of vascular morphogenesis to explore future prospects in targeted tumor therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:178. [PMID: 36036322 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growth and formation of blood vessels is an undeniably fundamental biological process crucial to controlling overall development of an organism. This phenomenon consists of two separate processes, commencing with vasculogenesis, which refers to the process of blood vessel formation strictly in embryonic stages, via de novo endothelial cell synthesis. Angiogenesis continues the formation of the vascular network via sprouting and splitting. Tumor growth is dependent on the growth and supply of blood vessels around the tumor mass. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules can promote angiogenesis by establishing a vascular network and sequestering pro-angiogenic growth factors. Although the methods by which tumor-associated fibroblasts (which differ in phenotype from normal fibroblasts) influence angiogenesis are unknown, they are thought to be a major source of growth factors and cytokines that attract endothelial cells. Chemokines and growth factors (sourced from macrophages and neutrophils) are also regulators of angiogenesis. When considered as a whole, the tumor microenvironment is a heterogenous and dynamic mass of tissue, composed of a plethora of cell types and an ECM that can fundamentally control the pathological angiogenic switch. Angiogenesis is involved in numerous diseases, and understanding the various mechanisms surrounding this phenomenon is key to finding cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
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Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder in Endometrial Cancer through Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8330926. [PMID: 35774749 PMCID: PMC9239783 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8330926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. Current treatments such as surgery and long-term hormone therapy are ineffective and have side effects. Danzhi Xiaoyao powder (DXP) can inhibit the growth of EC cells and induce apoptosis, but the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects are still unclear. In this study, active components and potential targets of DXP were obtained from public databases. Protein effects and regulatory pathways of common targets were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI), GO and KEGG. The results of network pharmacology showed that there are 87 common targets between EC and DXP. GO enrichment analysis showed that these targets were associated with response to oxidative stress, response to nutrient levels, hormone receptor binding and nuclear hormone receptor binding, etc. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that IL-17, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (ERK) signaling pathway were enriched in the anti-EC of DXP. Additionally, we cultured HEC-1B and KLE cells for validate experiments. DXP showed an inhibition of proliferation, migration, and cell cycle of both cells. Moreover, the expression of RAS, p-RAF, p-MEK, ERK, and p-ERK related proteins were downregulated. In conclusion, DXP might inhibit the proliferation of EC cells via apoptosis. Furthermore, DXP-induced inhibition of EC development might involve RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway.
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30
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Pressure Loading Induces DNA Damage in Human Hepatocyte Line L02 Cells via the ERK1/2-Dicer Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105342. [PMID: 35628153 PMCID: PMC9140865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of liver tissue mechanical microenvironment is proven to be a key factor for causing hepatocyte injury and even triggering the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In this study, using a customized, pressure-loading device, we assess the effect of pressure loading on DNA damage in human hepatocytes. We show that pressure loading leads to DNA damage and S-phase arresting in the cell cycle, and activates the DNA damage response in hepatocytes. Meanwhile, pressure loading upregulates Dicer expression, and its silencing exacerbates pressure-induced DNA damage. Moreover, pressure loading also activates ERK1/2 signaling molecules. Blockage of ERK1/2 signaling inhibits pressure-upregulated Dicer expression and exacerbates DNA damage by suppressing DNA damage response in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that compressive stress loading induces hepatocyte DNA damage through the ERK1/2–Dicer signaling pathway, which provides evidence for a better understanding of the link between the altered mechanical environment and liver diseases.
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31
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Echinacoside Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Pyroptosis through Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3351268. [PMID: 35571569 PMCID: PMC9106467 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3351268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various natural compounds are effective in cancer prevention and treatment with fewer side effects than conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Considering the uncertainty of the antitumor mechanism of Echinacoside (Ech) and the fact that no study on Ech against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been explored previously, this study inquired into the anti-NSCLC effect of Ech and explored its potential mechanisms. Methods The IC50 to Ech of the NSCLC cells was calculated based on a series of cell viability assays. Different concentrations of Ech were used to treat the cells; the proliferation activity of the cells was evaluated using EdU staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. GSH and MDA levels were measured by microplate reader. Expression of cytochrome c, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, c-Myc, c-Fos, and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway proteins was evaluated by western blot. Meanwhile, we used xenograft, immunohistochemical staining, and H&E staining to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Ech in mice in vivo. Results ECH inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Ech increased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. Besides, Ech perturbed the mitochondrial membrane potential with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Ech inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and subsequently reduced c-myc and c-fos protein expression. In addition, Ech effectively restrained the growth of tumors in vivo. Conclusions Ech inhibited the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Impaired mitochondria activated inflammasome, which in turn led to the pyroptosis of NSCLC cells. These findings can provide some ideas on how to use pyroptosis to treat NSCLC.
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Wang W, Sun Y, Liu X, Kumar SK, Jin F, Dai Y. Dual-Targeted Therapy Circumvents Non-Genetic Drug Resistance to Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859455. [PMID: 35574302 PMCID: PMC9093074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of various targeted agents into the armamentarium of cancer treatment has revolutionized the standard care of patients with cancer. However, like conventional chemotherapy, drug resistance, either preexisting (primary or intrinsic resistance) or developed following treatment (secondary or acquired resistance), remains the Achilles heel of all targeted agents with no exception, via either genetic or non-genetic mechanisms. In the latter, emerging evidence supports the notion that intracellular signaling pathways for tumor cell survival act as a mutually interdependent network via extensive cross-talks and feedback loops. Thus, dysregulations of multiple signaling pathways usually join forces to drive oncogenesis, tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby providing a basis for so-called "bypass" mechanisms underlying non-genetic resistance in response to targeted agents. In this context, simultaneous interruption of two or more related targets or pathways (an approach called dual-targeted therapy, DTT), via either linear or parallel inhibition, is required to deal with such a form of drug resistance to targeted agents that specifically inhibit a single oncoprotein or oncogenic pathway. Together, while most types of tumor cells are often addicted to two or more targets or pathways or can switch their dependency between them, DTT targeting either intrinsically activated or drug-induced compensatory targets/pathways would efficiently overcome drug resistance caused by non-genetic events, with a great opportunity that those resistant cells might be particularly more vulnerable. In this review article, we discuss, with our experience, diverse mechanisms for non-genetic resistance to targeted agents and the rationales to circumvent them in the treatment of cancer, emphasizing hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaji K. Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bruno C, Paparo L, Pisapia L, Romano A, Cortese M, Punzo E, Berni Canani R. Protective effects of the postbiotic deriving from cow's milk fermentation with L. paracasei CBA L74 against Rotavirus infection in human enterocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6268. [PMID: 35428750 PMCID: PMC9012738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis-associated mortality in early childhood. Emerging clinical evidence suggest the efficacy of the postbiotic approach based on cow's milk fermentation with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBAL74 (FM-CBAL74) in preventing pediatric acute gastroenteritis, but the mechanisms of action are still poorly characterized. We evaluated the protective action of FM-CBAL74 in an in vitro model of RV infection in human enterocytes. The number of infected cells together with the relevant aspects of RV infection were assessed: epithelial barrier damage (tight-junction proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance evaluation), and inflammation (reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation). Pre-incubation with FM-CBA L74 resulted in an inhibition of epithelial barrier damage and inflammation mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation induced by RV infection. Modulating several protective mechanisms, the postbiotic FM-CBAL74 exerted a preventive action against RV infection. This approach could be a disrupting nutritional strategy against one of the most common killers for the pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bruno
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Romano
- ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Cortese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Punzo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force for Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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34
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Kubinski S, Claus P. Protein Network Analysis Reveals a Functional Connectivity of Dysregulated Processes in ALS and SMA. Neurosci Insights 2022; 17:26331055221087740. [PMID: 35372839 PMCID: PMC8966079 DOI: 10.1177/26331055221087740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases which are characterized by the loss of motoneurons within the central nervous system. SMA is a monogenic disease caused by reduced levels of the Survival of motoneuron protein, whereas ALS is a multi-genic disease with over 50 identified disease-causing genes and involvement of environmental risk factors. Although these diseases have different causes, they partially share identical phenotypes and pathomechanisms. To analyze and identify functional connections and to get a global overview of altered pathways in both diseases, protein network analyses are commonly used. Here, we used an in silico tool to test for functional associations between proteins that are involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics, fatty acid metabolism, skeletal muscle metabolism, stress granule dynamics as well as SMA or ALS risk factors, respectively. In network biology, interactions are represented by edges which connect proteins (nodes). Our approach showed that only a few edges are necessary to present a complex protein network of different biological processes. Moreover, Superoxide dismutase 1, which is mutated in ALS, and the actin-binding protein profilin1 play a central role in the connectivity of the aforementioned pathways. Our network indicates functional links between altered processes that are described in either ALS or SMA. These links may not have been considered in the past but represent putative targets to restore altered processes and reveal overlapping pathomechanisms in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kubinski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
- SMATHERIA gGmbH – Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Hannover, Germany
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Yu Z, Li H, Zhu J, Wang H, Jin X. The roles of E3 ligases in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1179-1214. [PMID: 35411231 PMCID: PMC8984888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep biological process involving genetic and epigenetic alterations that are accompanied by activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of tumor suppressors, which in turn results in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the common tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the key to protein degradation and regulation of physiological and pathological processes, and E3 ligases are key enzymes in the UPS that contain a variety of subfamily proteins involved in the regulation of some common signal pathways in HCC. There is growing evidence that many structural or functional dysfunctions of E3 are engaged in the development and progression of HCC. Herein, we review recent research advances in HCC-associated E3 ligases, describe their structure, classification, functional roles, and discuss some mechanisms of the abnormal activation or inactivation of the HCC-associated signal pathway due to the binding of E3 to known substrates. In addition, given the success of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of malignant cancers, we characterize the current knowledge and future prospects for targeted therapies against aberrant E3 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
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Yan J, Zhang F, Le Niu, Wang X, Lu X, Ma C, Zhang C, Song J, Zhang Z. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mitigates depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats via FGF2/FGFR1/p-ERK signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:94-103. [PMID: 35247488 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used and effective biological treatment for depression. Although previous studies have shown that astrocyte function may be modified by rTMS, the specific neurobiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant action are not clear. Substantial evidence has accumulated indicating that neurotrophin dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis play a role in the development of depression. To evaluate this hypothesis, we applied a chronical unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce depression-like behaviors in rats, followed by the delivery of 10-Hz rTMS for 3 weeks. Behavioral outcome measures consisted of a sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Histological analysis focused on apoptosis, expression of GFAP and FGF2, and FGF2 pathway-related proteins. The results showed that after rTMS treatment, the rats' sucrose preference increased, open field performance improved while the immobility time of forced swimming decreased. The behavioral changes seen in rTMS treated rats were accompanied by marked reductions in the number of TUNEL-positive neural cells and the level of expression of BAX and by an increase in Bcl2. Furthermore, the expression of GFAP and FGF2 was increased, along with activation of FGF2 downstream pathway. These results suggest that rTMS treatment can improve depression-like behavior, attenuate neural apoptosis, and reverse reduction of astrocytes in a rat model of depression. We hypothesize that the therapeutic action of rTMS in CUMS-induced rats is linked to the activation of the FGF2/FGFR1/p-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junni Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Le Niu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Chaoyue Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinggui Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Weihui, Henan 453100, China.
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Kawiak A, Kostecka A. Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Their Implications in Endocrine Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35053443 PMCID: PMC8773933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for around two-thirds of breast cancer occurrences, with endocrine therapy serving as first-line therapy in most cases. Targeting estrogen signaling pathways, which play a central role in regulating ER+ breast cell proliferation and survival, has proven to improve patient outcomes. However, despite the undeniable advantages of endocrine therapy, a subset of breast cancer patients develop acquired or intrinsic resistance to ER-targeting agents, limiting their efficacy. The activation of downstream ER signaling pathways upregulates pro-survival mechanisms that have been shown to influence the response of cells to endocrine therapy. The Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in cell death regulation and have been shown to contribute to endocrine therapy resistance, supporting the survival of breast cancer cells and enhancing cell death evasion. Due to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ER-positive breast cancer, the role of these proteins as potential targets in hormone-responsive breast cancer is growing in interest. In particular, recent advances in the development of BH3 mimetics have enabled their evaluation in preclinical studies with ER+ breast cancer models, and BH3 mimetics have entered early ER+ breast cancer clinical trials. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, an overview of recent advances in research regarding the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in ER+ breast cancer has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
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Wang T, Wu L, Chen Q, Chen K, Tan F, Liu J, Liu X, Han H. Copper deposition in Wilson's disease causes male fertility decline by impairing reproductive hormone release through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting ERK signal in hypothalamic-pituitary of mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:961748. [PMID: 35992126 PMCID: PMC9389053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism characterized by liver and central nervous system dysfunction. Considerable evidence suggests that infertility is also very common in male patients with WD, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. In order to further investigate the pathological changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis and its mechanisms, mice were divided into the normal control group (NC), WD model TX mice group (WD), dimercaptosuccinic acid-treated TX mice group (DMSA), and pregnant horse serum gonadotropin-treated TX mice group (PMSG). The copper content and morphology of hypothalamus and pituitary tissues, the ultrastructure and apoptosis of hypothalamus neurons and pituitary gonadotropin cells, the serum levels of reproductive hormones, and the pregnancy rate and litter size of the female mice were studied. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the phosphorylation of extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 in the hypothalamus and pituitary were detected. The results showed that the copper content was significantly increased in the WD group, and the histopathological morphology and ultrastructure of the hypothalamus and pituitary were damaged. The levels of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the follicle-stimulating hormone, the luteinizing hormone, and testosterone were significantly decreased. The apoptosis rate in the hypothalamus and pituitary was significantly increased. The expressions of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was significantly decreased. Fertility is significantly reduced. After DMSA intervention, the hypothalamus tissue copper content decreased, the hypothalamus and pituitary tissue morphology and ultrastructure were improved, cell apoptosis was alleviated, the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, and the reproductive hormone level, phosphorylation level, and fertility were increased. Fertility was preserved after treatment with PMSG in male TX mice. These results suggest that copper deposition in WD causes male fertility decline by impairing reproductive neuroendocrine hormone release through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the ERK signal in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. This study can also provide reference for the damage of copper pollution to the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Reproductive and Genetic Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Han, ; Limin Wu,
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Kuiyu Chen
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Han
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Han, ; Limin Wu,
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Fan M, Yao L. The Synthesis, Structural Modification and Mode of Anticancer Action of Evodiamine: a review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:284-296. [PMID: 34939550 DOI: 10.2174/1574892817666211221165739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding novel antitumor reagents from naturally occurring alkaloids is a widely accepted strategy. Evodiamine, a tryptamine indole alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacteria. Hence, research works on the structural modification of evodiamine will facilitate the discovery of new antitumor drugs. OBJECTIVE The recent advances in the synthesis of evodiamine, and studies on the drug design, biological activities, and structure-activity-relationships of its derivatives, published in patents and primary literatures, are reviewed in this paper. METHODS The literatures, including patents and follow-up research papers from 2015 to 2020, related to evodiamine is searched in the Scifinder, PubMed, Espacenet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The key words are evodiamine, synthesis, modification, anticancer, mechanism. RESULTS The synthesis of evodiamine are summarized. Then, structural modifications of evodiamine are described, and the possible modes of actions are discussed. CONCLUSION Evodiamine has a 6/5/6/6/6 ring system, and the structural modifications are focused on ring A, D, E, C5, N-13, and N-14. Some compounds show promising anticancer potentials and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, Shandong. China
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Yao S, Wang W, Zhou B, Cui X, Yang H, Zhang S. Monensin suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in ovarian cancer by enhancing MEK1 SUMOylation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1390. [PMID: 34650638 PMCID: PMC8506924 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Most patients relapse within 12-24 months and die from progressive chemotherapy-resistant diseases. Significant progress has been made in developing new targeted therapies for human cancer, including ovarian cancer. However, an effective alternative to drug development is to repurpose drugs. The present study investigated the possibility of reusing the antibiotic monensin as an anti-ovarian cancer drug. After applying a series of titrated monensin on a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, the growth, migration and invasion of cells were explored. Multiple signaling molecules associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were also regulated by monensin. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was further found to be the key regulator affected by monensin. Additionally, monensin enhanced the MEK1 SUMOylation in vitro and in vivo, and the SUMOylation degree depended on time and dose. Xenograft studies verified that monensin effectively inhibited xenograft tumor growth by increasing the SUMOylation of MEK1. The aforementioned results suggested that monensin is a good candidate for anti-ovarian cancer by enhancing MEK1 SUMOylation and inhibiting the MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jining Medical University Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Lu Q, Guo Q, Xin M, Lim C, Gamero AM, Gerhard GS, Yang L. LncRNA TP53TG1 Promotes the Growth and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK Signaling. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030052. [PMID: 34564314 PMCID: PMC8482154 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TP53 target 1 (TP53TG1) was discovered as a TP53 target gene. TP53TG1 has been reported as having dual roles by exerting tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities that vary depending on the cancer type. Yet, the role of TP53TG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully understood. In this study, we performed both gain- and loss-of-function studies to determine the biological role of TP53TG1 in HCC. We found that the knockdown of TP53 in HCC cells caused the upregulation of TP53TG1. Furthermore, we found that the knockdown of TP53TG1 not only suppressed HCC cell proliferation and migration, but also reduced intrinsic ERK signaling. In contrast, the overexpression of TP53TG1 increased ERK activation and enhanced HCC proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals an oncogenic role of TP53TG1 in HCC, which provides a novel insight into the cell-type-specific function of TP53TG1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-707-3779
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Gao F, Wu D, Guo L, Wang L, Hao M, Li L, Ni D, Hao H. Liraglutide inhibits the progression of prediabetes in rats by reducing Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1157. [PMID: 34430598 PMCID: PMC8350642 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The cleavage product of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP) is involved in the promotion of insulin secretion. Studies have shown that liraglutide can inhibit the progression of prediabetes. This study aims to investigate whether the above effects of liraglutide are related to RKIP and HCNP. Methods Insulin-1 (INS-1) cells were divided into control group (CON), HCNP group, and HCNP + darifenacin group (H-DAR). The three groups were cultured with Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, synthetic HCNP (50 pg/mL) and RPMI 1640, and HCNP + RPMI 1640 + darifenacin respectively. Subsequently, twelve 12- to 14-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the placebo group (PBO) and the liraglutide treatment group (LIRA). Six Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as the control group (CON). The LIRA group was given liraglutide 200 µg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day. After 12 weeks, body weight, fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, and insulin resistance index were recorded. Western blot was used to detect expression level of C-RKIP, N-RKIP, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase of phosphorylation (p-ERK). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect pancreatic tissue choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and M3 cholinergic receptor (M3R) gene expression levels. Results At glucose concentrations of 5.6 and 16.7 mmol/L, the insulin content in the HCNP group was higher than that in the CON and H-DAR groups (all P<0.01). The body weight and fasting serum insulin (FINS) of rats in the PBO group were higher than those in the LIRA group and the CON group (P<0.01). The relative content of C-RKIP protein in the PBO group was higher than that in the LIRA and CON groups (P<0.01). The relative content of N-RKIP protein and p-ERK protein was lower than that in the LIRA and CON group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). ChAT and M3R gene expression levels in PBO group were lower than those in LIRA and CON group (P<0.01). Conclusions Liraglutide promotes the production of HCNP, can increase ChAT activity, activate M3R, and further promote the secretion of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingying Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Beijing Hengfeng Mingcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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Tomc J, Debeljak N. Molecular Pathways Involved in the Development of Congenital Erythrocytosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1150. [PMID: 34440324 PMCID: PMC8391844 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis are directed to targeted genetic testing including nine genes involved in oxygen sensing pathway in kidneys, erythropoietin signal transduction in pre-erythrocytes and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity regulation in mature erythrocytes. However, in more than 60% of cases the genetic cause remains undiagnosed, suggesting that other genes and mechanisms must be involved in the disease development. This review aims to explore additional molecular mechanisms in recognized erythrocytosis pathways and propose new pathways associated with this rare hematological disorder. For this purpose, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed and different in silico tools were used. We identified genes involved in several mechanisms and molecular pathways, including mRNA transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, membrane transport, regulation of signal transduction, glucose metabolism and iron homeostasis, which have the potential to influence the main erythrocytosis-associated pathways. We provide valuable theoretical information for deeper insight into possible mechanisms of disease development. This information can be also helpful to improve the current diagnostic solutions for patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Debeljak
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Lorenzi E, Simonelli M, Persico P, Dipasquale A, Santoro A. Risks of molecular targeted therapies to fertility and safety during pregnancy: a review of current knowledge and future needs. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:503-521. [PMID: 33600273 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1893299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the population of young cancer survivors is increasing and a trend toward postponing pregnancy later in life is reported, more efforts are focused toward understanding treatment-induced sequelae, in particular, the effects of cancer and/or treatment on fertility. AREA COVERED Whereas the fertility risk of cytotoxic agents for both men and women is well recognized, the impact of molecular-targeted therapy (MTT) on fertility parameters, their teratogenic potential and pregnancy outcome/management in case of an accidental exposure are not established. We update available clinical data on the impact of new MTTs on fertility in both sexes, their potential teratogenic effects and the outcome of pregnancy during accidental exposure. Agents are categorized by class and the potential relevance of their target signaling pathways to gonadal maturation. EXPERT OPINION The majority of MTTs have worrying preclinical data discouraging their use during pregnancy and reinforcing the idea that they can induce impairment in gonadal function. However, it does not mean that all MTTs result in permanent infertility and that they should be completely avoided during pregnancy. The current review provides a critical evaluation on the most commonly used MTTs, offering a possible guide for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lorenzi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Pasquale Persico
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Angelo Dipasquale
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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p-MEK expression predicts prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) and plays a role in anti-AEG efficacy of Huaier. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105411. [PMID: 33401002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is increasing worldwide with poor prognosis and unclear pathogenesis. Trametes robiniophila Murr. (Huaier), a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the clinical treatment of a variety of solid tumors, including AEG. However, its anticancer components and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In our previous studies, we have found that Huaier n-butanol extract (HBE) shows the most potent anticancer activity among different extracts. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of p-MEK expression in AEG patients and the role of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in the anti-AEG efficacy of HBE in vitro and in vivo. We herein demonstrate that p-MEK expression in AEG tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in AEG patients. We further found that HBE inhibited the colony formation, migration, and invasion in AEG cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. HBE also suppressed the growth of AEG xenograft tumors without causing any host toxicity in vivo. Mechanistically, HBE caused the inactivation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by dephosphorylating MEK1 at S298, ERK1 at T202, and ERK2 at T185 and modulating the expression of EMT-related proteins. In summary, our results demonstrate that the high expression of p-MEK may be an independent factor of poor prognosis in patients with AEG. The clinically used anticancer drug Huaier may exert its anti-AEG efficacy by inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Deng JK, Zhang X, Wu HL, Gan Y, Ye L, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Liu WJ, Liu HF. ROS-ERK Pathway as Dual Mediators of Cellular Injury and Autophagy-Associated Adaptive Response in Urinary Protein-Irritated Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6614848. [PMID: 33748286 PMCID: PMC7943278 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK, an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, is involved in various biological responses, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, cell morphology maintenance, cytoskeletal construction, apoptosis, and canceration of cells. In this study, we focused on ERK pathway on cellular injury and autophagy-associated adaptive response in urinary protein-irritated renal tubular epithelial cells and explored the potential mechanisms underlying it. By using antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and catalase, we found that ERK pathway was activated by a reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) dependent mechanism after exposure to urinary proteins. What is more, ERK inhibitor U0126 could decrease the release of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and the number of apoptotic cells induced by urinary proteins, indicating the damaging effects of ERK pathway in mediating cellular injury and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Interestingly, we also found that the increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II (a key marker of autophagy) and the decreased expression of p62 (autophagic substrate) induced by urinary proteins were reversed by U0126, suggesting autophagy was activated by ERK pathway. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced urinary protein-induced NGAL and KIM-1 secretion and cell growth inhibition, while chloroquine played the opposite effect, indicating that autophagy activation by ERK pathway was an adaptive response in the exposure to urinary proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that activated ROS-ERK pathway can induce cellular injury and in the meantime provide an autophagy-associated adaptive response in urinary protein-irritated renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-kun Deng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-luan Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zebing Zhu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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