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Wang J, Huang P, Hou F, Hao D, Li W, Jin H. Predicting gestational diabetes mellitus risk at 11-13 weeks' gestation: the role of extrachromosomal circular DNA. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:289. [PMID: 39113025 PMCID: PMC11304788 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly impacts maternal and infant health both immediately and over the long term, yet effective early diagnostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Thus, it is essential to identify early diagnostic biomarkers for GDM risk screening. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), being more stable than linear DNA and involved in disease pathologies, is a viable biomarker candidate for diverse conditions. In this study, eccDNA biomarkers identified for early diagnosis and assessment of GDM risk were explored. METHODS Using Circle-seq, we identified plasma eccDNA profiles in five pregnant women who later developed GDM and five matched healthy controls at 11-13 weeks of gestation. These profiles were subsequently analyzed through bioinformatics and validated through outward PCR combined with Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, candidate eccDNA was validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in a larger cohort of 70 women who developed GDM and 70 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) subjects. A ROC curve assessed the eccDNA's diagnostic potential for GDM. RESULTS 2217 eccDNAs were differentially detected between future GDM patients and controls, with 1289 increased and 928 decreased in abundance. KEGG analysis linked eccDNA genes mainly to GDM-related pathways such as Rap1, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt, and Insulin resistance, among others. Validation confirmed a significant decrease in eccDNA PRDM16circle in the plasma of 70 women who developed GDM compared to 70 NGT women, consistent with the eccDNA-seq results. PRDM16circle showed significant diagnostic value in 11-13 weeks of gestation (AUC = 0.941, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study first demonstrats that eccDNAs are aberrantly produced in women who develop GDM, including PRDM16circle, which can predict GDM at an early stage of pregnancy, indicating its potential as a biomarker. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2300075971, http://www.chictr.org.cn . Registered 20 September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Sperm Bank, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Hao
- Department of Family Planning, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wushan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojing Roud, Jinan, 250002, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Tangestani H, Jamshidi A, Farhadi A, Ghalandari H, Dehghani P, Moghaddas N, Safaei Z, Emamat H. The effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of in vivo interventional studies. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38923154 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder in which excess fat accumulates in hepatocytes and can lead to serious complications. Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes of NAFLD. Pomegranates are considered antioxidant-rich fruit. This systematic review study was aimed to investigate the impact of pomegranate on NAFLD. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases/search engines (from inception up to July 2023) were searched for interventional studies (human and animal) that examined the effects of supplementation with different parts of pomegranate including fruits, peels, seeds, or flower on NAFLD outcomes. A total of 222 articles were retrieved following the initial search. After excluding duplicates, the title and abstract of 114 articles were screened. Afterward, irrelevant articles were removed and the full texts of the remaining 27 articles were reviewed. Eventually, 19 articles (16 animal and three human interventional studies) that met the inclusion criteria, published between 2009 and 2023, were included in this systematic review. Our study indicates the potential beneficial effects of different parts of pomegranate on the improvement of NAFLD. However, given that the majority of the included articles were animal studies, further investigations in the form of human clinical trials are warranted to suggest a clinical indication of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Dehghani
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Nika Moghaddas
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Safaei
- Department of Library and Medical Information, School of Paramedical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr EG, El-Zamarany EA, Ahmed SM. Suppression of inflammation in ulcerative colitis rats by avocado and pomegranate. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:253-265. [PMID: 38777441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and avocado seed oil (ASO) are natural polyphenols with established anti-inflammatory activity. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of PSO and ASO in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) with reference to sulfasalazine (SLZ). METHODS Eighty male albino rats were divided equally into 8 groups; Normal, PSO, ASO, SLZ, UC-control, (UC + PSO), (UC + ASO) and (UC + SLZ) groups. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal injection of acetic acid. PSO (0.5ml/200g), ASO (1ml/250g) and SLZ (100 mg/kg) were administered orally once/day for 14 days, 24h after colitis induction. Colitis was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colon weight/length ratio and histologic inflammatory score. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), colonic macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Colonic gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also estimated. RESULTS PSO and ASO treatments to UC rats significantly reduced DAI, weight/length ratio, VEGFR-2, and colon histologic inflammatory score versus UC-controls. ASO significantly suppressed MIF levels and TNF-α expression greater than PSO. However, PSO was more significant than ASO in reducing MDA levels and up-regulating HO-1 expression. Both oils significantly down-regulated VEGF expression. The obtained biochemical and histological changes induced by UC were nearly corrected by SLZ. CONCLUSION The proved beneficial effect of PSO and ASO as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant in UC rats could be mediated by suppression of TNF-α, VEGF, and MIF and up-regulation of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Eman G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Enas A El-Zamarany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Koyuncu AG, Cumbul A, Akyüz EY, Noval MKA. Pomegranate seed oil mitigates liver and kidney damage in an experimental colitis model: Modulation of NF-κB activation and apoptosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106804. [PMID: 38065332 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate seed oil, extracted from pomegranate seeds, is a slightly fragrant yellow oil with a mild odor. Pomegranate seed oil is the main source of punicic acid (conjugated linolenic acid). Punicic acid is a long-chain omega-5 polyunsaturated fatty acid and a conjugated α-linolenic acid molecule. This acid is thought to provide many health benefits. This study evaluated the potential of pomegranate seed oil to attenuate damage to liver and kidney tissues in an acetic acid-induced colitis model. 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control, colitis, 0.4 ml/kg, and 0.8 ml/kg pomegranate seed oil treatment after colitis. At the end of the experiment, histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyses of liver and kidney tissues were performed. Pomegranate seed oil treatment reduced damage in liver and kidney tissues, suppressed NF-κB activation, and regulated apoptosis. These findings support the potential effects of pomegranate seed oil against extraintestinal symptoms of colitis through its anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Açelya Gül Koyuncu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Alev Cumbul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Yilmaz Akyüz
- Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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Li Z, Wang W, Li W, Duan H, Xu C, Tian X, Ning F, Zhang D. Co-methylation analyses identify CpGs associated with lipid traits in Chinese discordant monozygotic twins. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:583-593. [PMID: 38142287 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To control genetic background and early life milieu in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis for blood lipids, we recruited Chinese discordant monozygotic twins to explore the relationships between DNA methylations and total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). 132 monozygotic (MZ) twins were included with discordant lipid levels and completed data. A linear mixed model was conducted in Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS). Generalized estimating equation model was for gene expression analysis. We conducted Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to build co-methylated interconnected network. Additional Qingdao citizens were recruited for validation. Inference about Causation through Examination of Familial Confounding (ICE FALCON) was used to infer the possible direction of these relationships. A total of 476 top CpGs reached suggestively significant level (P < 10-4), of which, 192 CpGs were significantly associated with TG (FDR < 0.05). They were used to build interconnected network and highlight crucial genes from WGCNA. Finally, four CpGs in GATA4 were validated as risk factors for TC; six CpGs at ITFG2-AS1 were negatively associated with TG; two CpGs in PLXND1 played protective roles in HDL-C. ICE FALCON indicated abnormal TC was regarded as the consequence of DNA methylation in CpGs at GATA4, rather than vice versa. Four CpGs in ITFG2-AS1 were both causes and consequences of modified TG levels. Our results indicated that DNA methylation levels of 12 CpGs in GATA4, ITFG2-AS1, and PLXND1 were relevant to TC, TG, and HDL-C, respectively, which might provide new epigenetic insights into potential clinical treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 B, st. tv. Odense C DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ning
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, No. 175 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The College of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning Xia Street, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Machado M, Sousa S, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M. Anti-obesity potential of a yogurt functionalized with a CLNA-rich pomegranate oil. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113364. [PMID: 37803704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate oil is rich in conjugated linolenic acids, compounds which have attracted attention due to their potential applicability in obesity management as they are capable of modulating leptin and adiponectin secretion and regulate fatty acids storage and glucose metabolism. Among the possible bioactive foodstuffs capable of delivering these bioactive compounds yogurts have shown potential. Thus, the purpose of this work was to develop functional yogurts through the addition of pomegranate oil either in its free or encapsulated (used as a protective strategy against oxidation and gastrointestinal tract passage) forms. To that end, the pomegranate oil (free and encapsulated) was incorporated in yogurt and the functional yogurt capacity to modulate hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte metabolism (in terms of lipolysis, and adipokines secretion) and immune response was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pomegranate oil's incorporation led to an improvement in the yogurts' nutritional values, with a reduction in its atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes (more than 78% for atherogenic and 76% for thrombogenic index) and an enhancement of its hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (more than 62%) when compared to the control yogurt. Furthermore, data also showed for the first time how these functional yogurts promoted modulation of metabolic processes post GIT as they were capable of reducing by 40% triglycerides accumulation in steatosis-induced Hep G2 cells and by 30 % in differentiated adipocytes. Moreover, samples also showed a capacity to modulate the leptin and adiponectin secretion (56 % of increase in adiponectin) and reduce the IL-6 secretion (ca 44%) and TNF-α (ca 12%) in LPS-stimulated cells. Thus, the CLNA-rich yogurt here developed showed potential as a viable nutraceutical alternative for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rodriguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Kim JS, Kim DH, Gil MC, Kwon HJ, Seo W, Kim DK, Cho YE. Pomegranate-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles Alleviate Binge Alcohol-Induced Leaky Gut and Liver Injury. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37733268 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is damage to the liver and mainly caused by binge alcohol. ALD have decreased junctional protein expression and modulated intestinal permeability. We investigated whether plant-releasing exosome-like nanovesicles can prevent liver damage and leaky gut from binge alcohol. In this study, we characterized the exosome-like nanovesicles from pomegranate juice and confirmed the round shape of a lipid bilayer. After 14 days of pomegranate-derived exosome-like nanovesicle (PNVs) pretreatment, binge alcohol (6 g/kg/dose) was administered to mice three times orally every 12 h. Exposure to binge alcohol increased levels of oxidative and nitric oxide stress marker proteins such as CYP2E1, 3-Nitrotyrosine, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in both liver and gut damage. Also, binge alcohol significantly elevated the plasma endotoxemia, inflammatory fatty liver, and leaky gut. However, PNVs reduced the oxidative stress and apoptosis marker proteins and prevented the leaky gut and endotoxemia. Markedly, PNV treatment significantly prevented a decrease in the amount of intestinal junctional proteins and an increase in leaky gut in mice exposed to alcohol. These results showed that PNVs can prevent leaky gut and liver damage caused by binge alcohol and suggest that it may be useful hepatoprotective or intestinal protective agents for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Zhang T, Nie Y, Wang J. The emerging significance of mitochondrial targeted strategies in NAFLD treatment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121943. [PMID: 37454757 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which ultimately progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Individuals with NAFLD have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancers. Despite the great progress being made in understanding the pathogenesis and the introduction of new pharmacological targets for NAFLD, no drug or intervention has been accepted for its management. Recent evidence suggests that NAFLD may be a mitochondrial disease, as mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathological processes that lead to NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD progression. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted compounds (e.g., Mito-Q, MitoVit-E, MitoTEMPO, SS-31, mitochondrial uncouplers, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors) for treating NAFLD. Furthermore, we present some medications currently being tested in clinical trials for NAFLD treatment, such as exercise, mesenchymal stem cells, bile acids and their analogs, and antidiabetic drugs, with a focus on their efficacy in improving mitochondrial function. Based on this evidence, further investigations into the development of mitochondria-based agents may provide new and promising alternatives for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingli Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Yin Y, Martínez R, Zhang W, Estévez M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37335106 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is an invisible organ that plays an important role in human health. Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols in pomegranate (punicalagin, PU) could serve as prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of GM. In turn, GM transform PU into bioactive metabolites such as ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin (Uro). In this review, the interplay between pomegranate and GM is thoroughly described by unveiling a dialog in which both actors seem to affect each other's roles. In a first dialog, the influence of bioactive compounds from pomegranate on GM is described. The second act shows how the GM biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro. Finally, the health benefits of Uro and that related molecular mechanism are summarized and discussed. Intake of pomegranate promotes beneficial bacteria in GM (e.g. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) while reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridia). Akkermansia muciniphila, and Gordonibacter spp., among others, biotransform PU and EA into Uro. Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes. Yet, Uro production varies greatly among individuals and depend on GM composition. Uro-producing bacteria and precise metabolic pathways need to be further elucidated therefore contributing to personalized and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Zou YY, Tang XB, Chen ZL, Liu B, Zheng L, Song MY, Xiao Q, Zhou ZQ, Peng XY, Tang CF. Exercise intervention improves mitochondrial quality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1162485. [PMID: 37284220 PMCID: PMC10239848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1162485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent reports indicate that mitochondrial quality decreases during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, and targeting the mitochondria may be a possible treatment for NAFLD. Exercise can effectively slow NAFLD progression or treat NAFLD. However, the effect of exercise on mitochondrial quality in NAFLD has not yet been established. Methods In the present study, we fed zebrafish a high-fat diet to model NAFLD, and subjected the zebrafish to swimming exercise. Results After 12 weeks, swimming exercise significantly reduced high-fat diet-induced liver injury, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis markers. Swimming exercise improved mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, inducing upregulation of optic atrophy 1(OPA1), dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1), and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) protein expression. Swimming exercise also activated mitochondrial biogenesis via the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPARgamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) pathway, and improved the mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we find that mitophagy was suppressed in NAFLD zebrafish liver with the decreased numbers of mitophagosomes, the inhibition of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) - parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARKIN) pathway and upregulation of sequestosome 1 (P62) expression. Notably, swimming exercise partially recovered number of mitophagosomes, which was associated with upregulated PARKIN expression and decreased p62 expression. Discussion These results demonstrate that swimming exercise could alleviate the effects of NAFLD on the mitochondria, suggesting that exercise may be beneficial for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zuo-Qiong Zhou
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
| | - Xi-Yang Peng
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
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Pomegranate Seed Oil as a Source of Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) Has No Effect on Atherosclerosis Development but Improves Lipid Profile and Affects the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in apoE/LDLR -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021737. [PMID: 36675252 PMCID: PMC9863817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (cis-9,trans-11,cis-13; punicic acid) compared to linolenic acid (LnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (cis-9,trans-11) in apoE/LDLR-/- mice. In the LONG experiment, 10-week old mice were fed for the 18 weeks. In the SHORT experiment, 18-week old mice were fed for the 10 weeks. Diets were supplied with seed oils equivalent to an amount of 0.5% of studied fatty acids. In the SHORT experiment, plasma TCh and LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in animals fed CLnA and CLA compared to the Control. The expression of PPARα in liver was four-fold increased in CLnA group in the SHORT experiment, and as a consequence the expression of its target gene ACO was three-fold increased, whereas the liver's expression of SREBP-1 and FAS were decreased in CLnA mice only in the LONG experiment. Punicic acid and CLA isomers were determined in the adipose tissue and liver in animals receiving pomegranate seed oil. In both experiments, there were no effects on the area of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots. However, in the SHORT experiment, the area of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta in the CLA group compared to CLnA and LnA was significantly decreased. In conclusion, CLnA improved the lipid profile and affected the lipid metabolism gene expression, but did not have the impact on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE/LDLR-/- mice.
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Yin X, Chen Y, Ruze R, Xu R, Song J, Wang C, Xu Q. The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:324. [PMID: 36114195 PMCID: PMC9481605 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe incidence of metabolism-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached pandemic levels worldwide and increased gradually. Most of them are listed on the table of high-risk factors for malignancy, and metabolic disorders systematically or locally contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis of patients. Importantly, adipose tissue is fundamental to the occurrence and development of these metabolic disorders. White adipose tissue stores excessive energy, while thermogenic fat including brown and beige adipose tissue dissipates energy to generate heat. In addition to thermogenesis, beige and brown adipocytes also function as dynamic secretory cells and a metabolic sink of nutrients, like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accordingly, strategies that activate and expand thermogenic adipose tissue offer therapeutic promise to combat overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders through increasing energy expenditure and enhancing glucose tolerance. With a better understanding of its origins and biological functions and the advances in imaging techniques detecting thermogenesis, the roles of thermogenic adipose tissue in tumors have been revealed gradually. On the one hand, enhanced browning of subcutaneous fatty tissue results in weight loss and cancer-associated cachexia. On the other hand, locally activated thermogenic adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment accelerate cancer progression by offering fuel sources and is likely to develop resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we enumerate current knowledge about the significant advances made in the origin and physiological functions of thermogenic fat. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in different tumors. Ultimately, we summarize imaging technologies for identifying thermogenic adipose tissue and pharmacologic agents via modulating thermogenesis in preclinical experiments and clinical trials.
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Adipocyte-Specific Expression of PGC1α Promotes Adipocyte Browning and Alleviates Obesity-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in an HO-1-Dependent Fashion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061147. [PMID: 35740043 PMCID: PMC9220759 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that PGC1-α plays a crucial role in mitochondrial and vascular function, yet the physiological significance of PGC1α and HO expression in adipose tissues in the context of obesity-linked vascular dysfunction remains unclear. We studied three groups of six-week-old C57BL/6J male mice: (1) mice fed a normal chow diet; (2) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, and (3) mice fed a high-fat diet (H.F.D.) for 28 weeks, treated with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC-1α (transgenic-adipocyte-PGC-1α) at week 20, and continued on H.F.D. for weeks 20–28. R.N.A. arrays examined 88 genes involved in adipocyte proliferation and maturation. Blood pressure, tissue fibrosis, fasting glucose, and oxygen consumption were measured, as well as liver steatosis, and the expression levels of metabolic and mitochondrial markers. Obese mice exhibited a marked reduction of PGC1α and developed adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, hepatic steatosis, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Mice with adipose-specific overexpression of PGC1-α exhibited improvement in HO-1, mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, with a decrease in fasting glucose, reduced blood pressure and fibrosis, and increased oxygen consumption. PGC-1α led to the upregulated expression of processes associated with the browning of fat tissue, including UCP1, FGF21, and pAMPK signaling, with a reduction in inflammatory adipokines, NOV/CCN3 expression, and TGFβ. These changes required HO-1 expression. The R.N.A. array analysis identified subgroups of genes positively correlated with contributions to the browning of adipose tissue, all dependent on HO-1. Our observations reveal a positive impact of adipose-PGC1-α on distal organ systems, with beneficial effects on HO-1 levels, reversing obesity-linked cardiometabolic disturbances.
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Jiang N, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Sun L. PRDM16 Regulating Adipocyte Transformation and Thermogenesis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870250. [PMID: 35462933 PMCID: PMC9024053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that obesity and diabetes have been major public health concerns and that disease morbidities have been rising continuously, effective treatment for these diseases is urgently needed. Because adipose tissue metabolism is involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes, it might be efficient to target adipocyte metabolic pathways. Positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (PRDM16), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipocytes, plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, such as the browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, the beigeing of adipocytes, the adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts, and the conversion of visceral adipocytes to subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, clinical and basic studies have shown that the expression of PRDM16 is associated with obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 signaling participates in the treatment of the two diseases. For example, metformin promotes thermogenesis and alleviates obesity by activating the AMPK/αKG/PRDM16 signaling pathway; rosiglitazone alleviates obesity under the synergistic effect of PRDM16; resveratrol plays an antiobesity role by inducing the expression of PRDM16; liraglupeptide improves insulin resistance by inducing the expression of PRDM16; and mulberry leaves play an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes role by activating the expression of brown fat cell marker genes (including PRDM16). In this review, we summarize the evidence of PRDM16 involvement in the progression of obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 may be a promising therapy for obesity and diabetes.
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Li X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhuang Q, Zhao M. Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Liver Fibrosis: A Disruption of Oxygen Homeostasis? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:802251. [PMID: 35187072 PMCID: PMC8850363 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.802251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, “cirrhosis of the liver” was the 11th leading cause of death globally in 2019. Many kinds of liver diseases can develop into liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis is the main pathological presentation of different aetiologies, including toxic damage, viral infection, and metabolic and genetic diseases. It is characterized by excessive synthesis and decreased decomposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Hepatocyte cell death, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and inflammation are crucial incidences of liver fibrosis. The process of fibrosis is also closely related to metabolic and immune disorders, which are usually induced by the destruction of oxygen homeostasis, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and hypoxia pathway activation. Mitochondria are important organelles in energy generation and metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key factors activated when hypoxia occurs. Both are considered essential factors of liver fibrosis. In this review, the authors highlight the impact of oxygen imbalance on metabolism and immunity in liver fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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Vini R, Azeez JM, Remadevi V, Susmi TR, Ayswarya RS, Sujatha AS, Muraleedharan P, Lathika LM, Sreeharshan S. Urolithins: The Colon Microbiota Metabolites as Endocrine Modulators: Prospects and Perspectives. Front Nutr 2022; 8:800990. [PMID: 35187021 PMCID: PMC8849129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.800990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been used in hormone related disorders, and their role in clinical medicine is evolving. Tamoxifen and raloxifen are the most commonly used synthetic SERMs, and their long-term use are known to create side effects. Hence, efforts have been directed to identify molecules which could retain the beneficial effects of estrogen, at the same time produce minimal side effects. Urolithins, the products of colon microbiota from ellagitannin rich foodstuff, have immense health benefits and have been demonstrated to bind to estrogen receptors. This class of compounds holds promise as therapeutic and nutritional supplement in cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, muscle health, neurological disorders, and cancers of breast, endometrium, and prostate, or, in essence, most of the hormone/endocrine-dependent diseases. One of our findings from the past decade of research on SERMs and estrogen modulators, showed that pomegranate, one of the indirect but major sources of urolithins, can act as SERM. The prospect of urolithins to act as agonist, antagonist, or SERM will depend on its structure; the estrogen receptor conformational change, availability and abundance of co-activators/co-repressors in the target tissues, and also the presence of other estrogen receptor ligands. Given that, urolithins need to be carefully studied for its SERM activity considering the pleotropic action of estrogen receptors and its numerous roles in physiological systems. In this review, we unveil the possibility of urolithins as a potent SERM, which we are currently investigating, in the hormone dependent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Vini
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Juberiya M. Azeez
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Viji Remadevi
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T. R. Susmi
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R. S. Ayswarya
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | - Lakshmi Mohan Lathika
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sreeja Sreeharshan
- Cancer Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Sreeja Sreeharshan
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17
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Song H, Shen X, Deng R, Chu Q, Zheng X. Pomegranate peel anthocyanins prevent diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in association with modulation of the gut microbiota in mice. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1837-1847. [PMID: 35039918 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pomegranate peels are rich in anthocyanins. The present study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of pomegranate peel anthocyanins (PPA) on obesity and gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat energy), HFD (45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with PPA by intragastric administration for 15 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored weekly. The obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The compositions of the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the association between the gut microbiota and obesity-related indicators was investigated by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the body weight gain, steatosis scores and insulin resistance index in the PPA group decreased by 27.46%, 56.25%, and 46.07%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. Gene expression analysis indicated that PPA supplement improved the genes expression profiles involved in glucose and lipid metabolism compared with the mice fed HFD alone. Meanwhile, PPA significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota, which were closely correlated with the obesity-related biomarkers. CONCLUSION This study suggested that PPA could be a beneficial treatment option for alleviating HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders by targeting microbiota and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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18
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WANG J, CHEN X, WANG H, XIAO S, WANG B, CAI Y. Effects of catalpa seed oil and pomegranate seed oil on body weight and intestinal flora in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.85622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihui WANG
- Dongguan University of Technology, China
| | | | - Han WANG
- Dalian Polytechnic University, China
| | - Shan XIAO
- Dongguan University of Technology, China
| | - Bo WANG
- Dongguan University of Technology, China
| | - Yanxue CAI
- Dongguan University of Technology, China
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19
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Yang D, Jeong H, Hwang SM, Kim JW, Moon HW, Lee YE, Oh HB, Park CB, Kim B. Oral administration of Jinan Red Ginseng and licorice extract mixtures ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating lipogenesis. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:126-137. [PMID: 35058729 PMCID: PMC8753527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the main chronic liver diseases. NASH is identified by lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Jinan Red Ginseng (JRG) and licorice have been widely used because of their anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, this study assessed JRG and licorice extract mixtures' effects on NASH progression. Methods Palmitic acid (PA) and the western diet (WD) plus, high glucose-fructose water were used to induce in vitro and in vivo NASH. Mice were orally administered with JRG-single (JRG-S) and JRG-mixtures (JRG-M; JRG-S + licorice) at 0, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day once a day during the last half-period of diet feeding. Results JRG-S and JRG-M reduced NASH-related pathologies in WD-fed mice. JRG-S and JRG-M consistently decreased the mRNA level of genes related with inflammation, fibrosis, and lipid metabolism. The treatment of JRG-S and JRG-M also diminished the SREBP-1c protein levels and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. The FAS protein levels were decreased by JRG-M treatment both in vivo and in vitro but not JRG-S. Conclusion JRG-M effectively reduced lipogenesis by modulating AMPK downstream signaling. Our findings suggest that this mixture can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic alternative for the remedy of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mi Hwang
- Department of Efficacy Study, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Lee
- Department of Efficacy Study, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bin Oh
- Department of Efficacy Study, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-berm Park
- Department of Efficacy Study, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, 41 Hongsamhanbang-ro, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55442, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-si, Jeollabukdo, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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20
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The Association of Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (NOV) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells with Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7138800. [PMID: 34868456 PMCID: PMC8635870 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7138800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress and is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Several biological substrates have been associated with OSA such as nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Few studies have looked at the association of NOV with OSA while the EPC/CEC relationships with OSA are unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that (1) NOV is associated with the severity of OSA independent of BMI, identifying a protein that may play a role in the biogenesis of OSA complications, and (2) EPCs and CECs are also associated with the severity of OSA and are biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in OSA. Methods 61 subjects underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), clinical evaluation, and blood analysis for NOV, EPC, CEC, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other potential biomarkers. Results NOV and EPCs were independently associated with the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) after adjusting for potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), age, and sex (NOV p = 0.032; EPC p = 0.001). EPC was also independently associated with AHI after adjusting for BMI, age, and sex (p = 0.017). IL-6 was independently associated with AHI, but not with ODI. Conclusion NOV and EPC levels correlate with the degree of OSA independent of BMI, indicating that these biomarkers could potentially further elucidate the relationship between OSA patients and their risk of the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.
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21
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Córdova-Gallardo J, Keaveny AP, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: common themes for common problems. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:e84-e93. [PMID: 34985050 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects 20-30% of the worldwide population and is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MAFLD is the hepatic expression of metabolic dysfunction correlated with a variety of metabolic comorbidities including obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Obesity, altered gut permeability, chronic inflammation and dysbiosis related to MAFLD might predispose patients with cirrhosis to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF); however, this relationship remains unclear. ACLF is a syndrome with high short-term mortality, presenting with acute hepatic decompensation associated with organ failures in patients with underlying chronic liver disease with or without an identifiable precipitating event. While this syndrome can occur in any patient with cirrhosis, the increasing prevalence of cirrhosis due to MAFLD is of great concern because, in a recent analysis, MAFLD was the fastest rising cause of cirrhosis associated with ACLF among patients listed for LT in the US. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on MAFLD and the development of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo
- Department of Hepatology, Service of Surgery and Obesity Clinic, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González"
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrew P Keaveny
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xingshun Qi
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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23
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Raffaele M, Kovacovicova K, Frohlich J, Lo Re O, Giallongo S, Oben JA, Faldyna M, Leva L, Giannone AG, Cabibi D, Vinciguerra M. Mild exacerbation of obesity- and age-dependent liver disease progression by senolytic cocktail dasatinib + quercetin. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:44. [PMID: 33832488 PMCID: PMC8034117 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent and represents a growing challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. A minority of affected patients develops inflammation, subsequently fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related death. An increased number of senescent cells correlate with age-related tissue degeneration during NAFLD-induced HCC. Senolytics are promising agents that target selectively senescent cells. Previous studies showed that whereas a combination of the senolytic drugs dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) reduced NAFLD in mice, D + Q lacked efficacy in removing doxorubicin-induced β-gal-positive senescent cells in human HCC xenografted mice. Whether D + Q has an effect on the age-associated spectrum of NAFLD-inflammation-HCC remains unknown. METHODS Here, we utilized an established model of age- and obesity-associated HCC, the low dose diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/high fat diet (HFD), a regimen promoting liver inflammation and tumorigenesis over a long period of 9 months. Four groups of mice each were created: group 1 included control untreated mice; group 2 included mice treated with D + Q; group 3 included mice undergoing the DEN/HFD protocol; group 4 included mice undergoing the DEN/HFD protocol with the administration of D + Q. At the end of the chemical/dietary regimen, we analyzed liver damage and cell senescence by histopathology, qPCR and immunoblotting approaches. RESULTS Unexpectedly, D + Q worsened liver disease progression in the DEN/HFD mouse model, slightly increasing histological damage and tumorigenesis, while having no effect on senescent cells removal. CONCLUSIONS In summary, using an animal model that fully recapitulates NAFLD, we demonstrate that these compounds are ineffective against age-associated NAFLD-induced HCC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastiano Giallongo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jude A. Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health (ILDH), Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Lenka Leva
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Pathologic Anatomy Unit-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health (ILDH), Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- ERA Chair in Translational Stem Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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Novel Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) Inducers Based on Dimethyl Fumarate Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249541. [PMID: 33333908 PMCID: PMC7765375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducers based on dimethyl fumarate (DMF) structure are reported in this paper. These compounds are obtained by modification of the DMF backbone. Particularly, maintaining the α, β-unsaturated dicarbonyl function as the central chain crucial for HO-1 induction, different substituted or unsubstituted phenyl rings are introduced by means of an ester or amide linkage. Symmetric and asymmetric derivatives are synthesized. All compounds are tested on a human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 to assay their capacity for modifying HO-1 expression. Compounds 1b, 1l and 1m stand out for their potency as HO-1 inducers, being 2–3 fold more active than DMF, and for their ability to reverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated using palmitic acid (PA). These properties, coupled with a low toxicity toward LX-2 cell lines, make these compounds potentially useful for treatment of diseases in which HO-1 overexpression may counteract inflammation, such as hepatic fibrosis. Docking studies show a correlation between predicted binding free energy and experimental HO-1 expression data. These preliminary results may support the development of new approaches in the management of liver fibrosis.
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25
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Stec DE, Hinds TD. Natural Product Heme Oxygenase Inducers as Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9493. [PMID: 33327438 PMCID: PMC7764878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a critical component of the defense mechanism to a wide variety of cellular stressors. HO induction affords cellular protection through the breakdown of toxic heme into metabolites, helping preserve cellular integrity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition by which the liver accumulates fat. The incidence of NAFLD has reached all-time high levels driven primarily by the obesity epidemic. NALFD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advancing further to liver cirrhosis or cancer. NAFLD is also a contributing factor to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. There are currently no drugs to specifically treat NAFLD, with most treatments focused on lifestyle modifications. One emerging area for NAFLD treatment is the use of dietary supplements such as curcumin, pomegranate seed oil, milk thistle oil, cold-pressed Nigella Satvia oil, and resveratrol, among others. Recent studies have demonstrated that several of these natural dietary supplements attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis in NAFLD animal models. The beneficial actions of several of these compounds are associated with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Thus, targeting HO-1 through dietary-supplements may be a useful therapeutic for NAFLD either alone or with lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue, Healthy Kentucky Research Building, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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26
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Sasson A, Kristoferson E, Batista R, McClung JA, Abraham NG, Peterson SJ. The pivotal role of heme Oxygenase-1 in reversing the pathophysiology and systemic complications of NAFLD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108679. [PMID: 33248947 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and molecular pathways involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are reviewed, as well as what is known about mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to heart disease and the progression to steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. We focused our discussion on the role of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its nuclear coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1-α) in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function and potential therapeutic benefit for cardiac disease, NAFLD as well as the pharmacological effect they have on the chronic inflammatory state of obesity. The result is increased mitochondrial function and the conversion of white adipocyte tissue to beige adipose tissue ("browning of white adipose tissue") that leads to an improvement in signaling pathways and overall liver function. Improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function is essential to preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH and cirrhosis as well as preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sasson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Eva Kristoferson
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Rogerio Batista
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, 11215, USA.
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27
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Peterson SJ, Choudhary A, Kalsi AK, Zhao S, Alex R, Abraham NG. OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E976. [PMID: 33233550 PMCID: PMC7699797 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular-renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular-renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Abu Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Amardeep K. Kalsi
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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Xie ZJ, Novograd J, Itzkowitz Y, Sher A, Buchen YD, Sodhi K, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. The Pivotal Role of Adipocyte-Na K peptide in Reversing Systemic Inflammation in Obesity and COVID-19 in the Development of Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1129. [PMID: 33202598 PMCID: PMC7697697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data from several laboratories that have demonstrated a role of the Na/K-ATPase, specifically its α1 subunit, in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the negative regulator of Src. Together with Src and other signaling proteins, the Na/K-ATPase forms an oxidant amplification loop (NKAL), amplifies ROS, and participates in cytokines storm in obesity. The development of a peptide fragment of the α1 subunit, NaKtide, has been shown to negatively regulate Src. Several groups showed that the systemic administration of the cell permeable modification of NaKtide (pNaKtide) or its selective delivery to fat tissue-adipocyte specific expression of NaKtide-ameliorate the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines seen in chronic obesity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA Coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic, invades cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor (ACE2R) that is appended in inflamed fat tissue and exacerbates the formation of the cytokines storm. Both obesity and heart and renal failure are well known risks for adverse outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. White adipocytes express ACE-2 receptors in high concentration, especially in obese patients. Once the virus invades the white adipocyte cell, it creates a COVID19-porphyrin complex which degrades and produces free porphyrin and iron and increases ROS. The increased formation of ROS and activation of the NKAL results in a further potentiated formation of ROS production, and ultimately, adipocyte generation of more inflammatory mediators, leading to systemic cytokines storm and heart failure. Moreover, chronic obesity also results in the reduction of antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing adipocyte susceptibility to ROS and cytokines. It is the systemic inflammation and cytokine storm which is responsible for many of the adverse outcomes seen with COVID-19 infections in obese subjects, leading to heart failure and death. This review will also describe the potential antioxidant drugs and role of NaKtide and their demonstrated antioxidant effect used as a major strategy for improving obesity and epicardial fat mediated heart failure in the context of the COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-jian Xie
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Z.-j.X.); (K.S.)
| | - Joel Novograd
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (J.N.); (Y.I.); (A.S.); (Y.D.B.)
| | - Yaakov Itzkowitz
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (J.N.); (Y.I.); (A.S.); (Y.D.B.)
| | - Ariel Sher
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (J.N.); (Y.I.); (A.S.); (Y.D.B.)
| | - Yosef D. Buchen
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (J.N.); (Y.I.); (A.S.); (Y.D.B.)
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Z.-j.X.); (K.S.)
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Z.-j.X.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (J.N.); (Y.I.); (A.S.); (Y.D.B.)
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (Z.-j.X.); (K.S.)
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Paul A, Radhakrishnan M. Pomegranate seed oil in food industry: Extraction, characterization, and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Involvement of HO-1 and Autophagy in the Protective Effect of Magnolol in Hepatic Steatosis-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Vivo and In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100924. [PMID: 32992548 PMCID: PMC7600324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol (MG) is the main active compound of Magnolia officinalis and exerts a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of MG using tyloxapol (Tylo)-induced (200 mg/kg, i.p.) hyperlipidemia in rats and palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated (0.3 mM) HepG2 cells. Our results showed that Tylo injection significantly increased plasma levels of triglyceride and cholesterol as well as superoxide anion in the livers, whereas MG pretreatment reversed these changes. MG reduced hepatic lipogenesis by attenuating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) proteins and Srebp-1, Fas, Acc, and Cd36 mRNA expression as well as upregulated the lipolysis-associated genes Hsl, Mgl, and Atgl. Furthermore, MG reduced plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and protein expression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase 1 as well as upregulated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in hepatocytes of Tylo-treated rats. Enhanced autophagic flux by elevation of autophagy related protein 5-12 (ATG5-12), ATG7, Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B II (LC3BII)/LC3BI ratio, and reduction of sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) and phosphorylation of mTOR was observed by MG administration. However, autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in HepG2 cells drastically abrogated the MG-mediated suppression of inflammation and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, MG inhibited hepatic steatosis-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the restoration of autophagy to promote HO-1 signaling capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Fakhouri EW, Peterson SJ, Kothari J, Alex R, Shapiro JI, Abraham NG. Genetic Polymorphisms Complicate COVID-19 Therapy: Pivotal Role of HO-1 in Cytokine Storm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E636. [PMID: 32708430 PMCID: PMC7402116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are very large RNA viruses that originate in animal reservoirs and include severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and other inconsequential coronaviruses from human reservoirs like the common cold. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bat, quickly spread into a global pandemic. This RNA virus has a special affinity for porphyrins. It invades the cell at the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and binds to hemoproteins, resulting in a severe systemic inflammatory response, particularly in high ACE-2 organs like the lungs, heart, and kidney, resulting in systemic disease. The inflammatory response manifested by increased cytokine levels and reactive oxygen species results in inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO-1), with a subsequent loss of cytoprotection. This has been seen in other viral illness like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, and SARS/MERS. There are a number of medications that have been tried with some showing early clinical promise. This illness disproportionately affects patients with obesity, a chronic inflammatory disease with a baseline excess of cytokines. The majority of the medications used in the treatment of COVID-19 are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, primarily CYP2D6. This is further complicated by genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6, HO-1, ACE, and ACE-2. There is a potential role for HO-1 upregulation to treat/prevent cytokine storm. Current therapy must focus on antivirals and heme oxygenase upregulation. Vaccine development will be the only magic bullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie W. Fakhouri
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (E.W.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Stephen J. Peterson
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (E.W.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Janish Kothari
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (E.W.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA
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