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Wang L, Feng C, Chen Y, Meng Q, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li Z, Qu J, Zhang Y. Study on the mechanism and degradation behavior of Encifer adhaerens DNM-S1 capturing dimethyl phthalate. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:141919. [PMID: 38641291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The global concern surrounding pollution caused by phthalates is escalating, with dimethyl phthalate (DMP) emerging as one of the most prevalent contaminants within the phthalates (PAEs) category. Although the biodegradation of DMP is considered both safe and efficient, its underlying degradation mechanism is not yet fully elucidated, and the degradation performance can be somewhat inconsistent. To address this issue, our study isolated a DMP-degrading bacterium (DNM-S1) from a vegetable greenhouse. The resulting data revealed that DNM-S1 exhibited a remarkable degradation performance, successfully degrading 84.98% of a 2000 mg L-1 DMP solution within 72 h. Remarkably, it achieved complete degradation of a 50 mg L-1 DMP solution within just 3 h. DMP degradation by DNM-S1 was also found to be efficient even under low-temperature conditions (10 °C). Our research further indicates that DNM-S1 is capable of capturing DMP through the ester bond in the bacterium's cell wall fatty acids, forming hydrogen bonds through hydrophobic interactions. The DMP was then transported into the DNM-S1 protoplasm using an active transport mechanism. Interestingly, the secondary metabolites of DNM-S1 contained natural carotenoids, which could potentially counteract the damaging effects of PAEs on cell membrane permeability. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of DNM-S1 in addressing PAEs pollution and provide new insights into the metabolic mechanism of PAEs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150056, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Meng
- Heilongjiang Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150056, PR China.
| | - Jingwei Li
- Heilongjiang Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150056, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China.
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Cheng T, Lou C, Jing X, Ding S, Hong H, Ding G, Shen L. Phthalate exposure and blood pressure in U.S. children aged 8-17 years (NHANES 2013-2018). Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:192. [PMID: 38528598 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence from epidemiologic studies suggested that phthalate metabolites might be associated with blood pressure (BP) changes. However, the special relationship between phthalate metabolites and BP changes in children has not been clearly elucidated in existing researches. OBJECTIVES We investigated the links between phthalate metabolites and various BP parameters, including systolic/diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the presence of hypertension. METHODS The population sample consisted of 1036 children aged 8 to 17 years from the 2013-2018 NHANES in the United States. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary concentrations of 19 phthalate metabolites. Systolic/diastolic BP were derived from the average of three valid measurements, and MAP was calculated as (systolic BP + 2 × diastolic BP)/3. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic BP and/or diastolic BP that was ≥ 95th percentile for gender, age, and height reference. Linear regression, logistic regression, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were employed to assess the associations between phthalate exposure and systolic/diastolic BP, MAP, and hypertension. RESULTS Ten of 19 phthalate metabolites including MCNP, MCOP, MECPP, MBP, MCPP, MEP, MEHHP, MiBP, MEOHP, and MBzP had detection frequencies > 85% with samples more than 1000. MCNP, MCOP, MECPP, MBP, MCPP, MEHHP, MiBP, MEOHP, and MBzP were generally negatively associated with systolic/diastolic BP and MAP, but not protective factors for hypertension. These associations were not modified by age (8-12 and 13-17 years) or sex (boys and girls). The above-mentioned associations were further confirmed by the application of the WQS analysis, and MCOP was identified as the chemical with the highest weight. CONCLUSION Phthalate metabolites were associated with modest reductions in systolic/diastolic BP, and MAP in children, while appeared not protective factors for hypertension. Given the inconsistent results among existing studies, our findings should be confirmed by other cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Jing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sirui Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifa Hong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Swift LM, Roberts A, Pressman J, Guerrelli D, Allen S, Haq KT, Reisz JA, D’Alessandro A, Posnack NG. Evidence for the cardiodepressive effects of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. Toxicol Sci 2023; 197:79-94. [PMID: 37812252 PMCID: PMC10734602 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastic materials, including intravenous bags, blood storage bags, and medical-grade tubing. DEHP can leach from plastic medical products, which can result in inadvertent patient exposure. DEHP concentrations were measured in red blood cell units stored between 7 and 42 days (17-119 μg/ml). Using these concentrations as a guide, Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparations were acutely exposed to DEHP. Sinus activity remained stable with lower doses of DEHP (25-50 μg/ml), but sinus rate declined by 43% and sinus node recovery time (SNRT) prolonged by 56.5% following 30-min exposure to 100 μg/ml DEHP. DEHP exposure also exerted a negative dromotropic response, as indicated by a 69.4% longer PR interval, 108.5% longer Wenckebach cycle length (WBCL), and increased incidence of atrioventricular (AV) uncoupling (60-min exposure). Pretreatment with doxycycline partially rescued the effects of DEHP on sinus activity, but did not ameliorate the effects on AV conduction. DEHP exposure also prolonged the ventricular action potential and effective refractory period, but had no measurable effect on intracellular calcium transient duration. Follow-up studies using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes confirmed that DEHP slows electrical conduction in a time (15 min-3 h) and dose-dependent manner (10-100 μg/ml). Previous studies have suggested that phthalate toxicity is specifically attributed to metabolites of DEHP, including mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate. This study demonstrates that DEHP exposure also contributes to cardiac dysfunction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Future work is warranted to investigate the impact of DEHP (and its metabolites) on human health, with special consideration for clinical procedures that employ plastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther M Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Anysja Roberts
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Jenna Pressman
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA
| | - Samuel Allen
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Kazi T Haq
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, USA
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Kassotis CD, Phillips AL. Complex Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Evaluating Combined Chemical Exposures and Cumulative Toxicity. TOXICS 2023; 11:487. [PMID: 37368587 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The problem of chemical mixtures in the environment encompasses biological, analytical, logistical, and regulatory challenges, among others [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Allison L Phillips
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Sree CG, Buddolla V, Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Phthalate toxicity mechanisms: An update. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109498. [PMID: 36374650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products, and they are increasingly being exposed to people all over the world, generating health concerns. Phthalates are often used as excipients in controlled-release capsules and enteric coatings, and patients taking these drugs may be at risk. In both animals and human, phthalates are mainly responsible for testicular dysfunction, ovarian toxicity, reduction in steroidogenesis. In this regard, for a better understanding of the health concerns corresponding to phthalates and their metabolites, still more research is required. Significantly, multifarious forms of phthalates and their biomedical effects are need to be beneficial to investigate in the various tissues or organs. Based on these investigations, researchers can decipher their toxicity concerns and related mechanisms in the body after phthalate's exposure. This review summarizes the chemical interactions, mechanisms, and their biomedical applications of phthalates in animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendruru Geya Sree
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati 517503, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Determination of 15 phthalic acid esters based on GC–MS/MS coupled with modified QuEChERS in edible oils. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Lemos L, Gantiva L, Kaylor C, Sanchez A, Quinete N. American oysters as bioindicators of emerging organic contaminants in Florida, United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155316. [PMID: 35447178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging contaminants of higher concern due to their wide industrial and commercial use, toxicity, and potential adverse health effects. In this study, we assessed PFAS and PAEs exposure in American oysters collected in three study sites in Florida, USA. Potential physiological effects of these contaminants were assessed by collecting oyster biometric data, calculating condition indices, and assessing oxidative stress levels in these individuals. Finally, a human health risk assessment was conducted based on the concentrations found in the consumable Tampa Bay (TB) oysters. All PFAS and PAEs compounds assessed in this study were detected in at least one oyster in all study sites. Among all locations, ΣPFAS concentration range was 0.611-134.78 ng·g-1 and ΣPAEs <0.328-1021 ng·g-1. Despite the smaller size of Biscayne Bay (BB) oysters, they displayed the highest concentrations of most of the PFAS and PAEs compounds, which is likely associated with population size, and other sources in the area. Condition index (CI) III was smaller in BB oysters, likely indicating a stressed population. Even though BB oysters were the most affected individuals, Marco Island (MI) oysters displayed the highest levels of lipid peroxidation, which can also be associated with environmental factors and decreased food availability. Conversely, TB oysters exhibited the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, likely indicating a better defense mechanism in TB oysters compared to MI oysters. The human health risk assessment for TB oysters indicated low risk from PFAS and PAEs exposure, but there is no reference dose for other compounds and the human diet is wider than only oysters. Therefore, the risk of contaminant exposure is likely higher. This study demonstrates the value of integrating data on contaminant exposure and physiological responses of bioindicator specimens to better understand how emerging contaminants are affecting marine wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Laura Gantiva
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Catherine Kaylor
- Oceanography Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alessandra Sanchez
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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Applicability of Scrape Loading-Dye Transfer Assay for Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168977. [PMID: 34445682 PMCID: PMC8396440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is recognized as one of the key hallmarks for identifying non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxC). Currently, there is a demand for in vitro assays addressing the gap junction hallmark, which would have the potential to eventually become an integral part of an integrated approach to the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC. The scrape loading-dye transfer (SL-DT) technique is a simple assay for the functional evaluation of GJIC in various in vitro cultured mammalian cells and represents an interesting candidate assay. Out of the various techniques for evaluating GJIC, the SL-DT assay has been used frequently to assess the effects of various chemicals on GJIC in toxicological and tumor promotion research. In this review, we systematically searched the existing literature to gather papers assessing GJIC using the SL-DT assay in a rat liver epithelial cell line, WB-F344, after treating with chemicals, especially environmental and food toxicants, drugs, reproductive-, cardio- and neuro-toxicants and chemical tumor promoters. We discuss findings derived from the SL-DT assay with the known knowledge about the tumor-promoting activity and carcinogenicity of the assessed chemicals to evaluate the predictive capacity of the SL-DT assay in terms of its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for identifying carcinogens. These data represent important information with respect to the applicability of the SL-DT assay for the testing of NGTxC within the IATA framework.
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Luís C, Algarra M, Câmara JS, Perestrelo R. Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070157. [PMID: 34357900 PMCID: PMC8309855 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children's toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Luís
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (C.L.); (J.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705-224
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Mesnil M, Defamie N, Naus C, Sarrouilhe D. Brain Disorders and Chemical Pollutants: A Gap Junction Link? Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010051. [PMID: 33396565 PMCID: PMC7824109 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain pathologies has increased during last decades. Better diagnosis (autism spectrum disorders) and longer life expectancy (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) partly explain this increase, while emerging data suggest pollutant exposures as a possible but still underestimated cause of major brain disorders. Taking into account that the brain parenchyma is rich in gap junctions and that most pollutants inhibit their function; brain disorders might be the consequence of gap-junctional alterations due to long-term exposures to pollutants. In this article, this hypothesis is addressed through three complementary aspects: (1) the gap-junctional organization and connexin expression in brain parenchyma and their function; (2) the effect of major pollutants (pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, heavy metals, airborne particles, etc.) on gap-junctional and connexin functions; (3) a description of the major brain disorders categorized as neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, epilepsy), neurobehavioral (migraines, major depressive disorders), neurodegenerative (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and cancers (glioma), in which both connexin dysfunction and pollutant involvement have been described. Based on these different aspects, the possible involvement of pollutant-inhibited gap junctions in brain disorders is discussed for prenatal and postnatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mesnil
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Christian Naus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
| | - Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 6 rue de La Milétrie, bât D1, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-49-45-43-58
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