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Gędaj A, Gregorczyk P, Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Kalka M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. Glycosylation of FGF/FGFR: An underrated sweet code regulating cellular signaling programs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:39-55. [PMID: 38719671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute plasma-membrane localized signaling hubs that transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, governing pivotal cellular processes like motility, metabolism, differentiation, division and death. FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for human body development and homeostasis; dysregulation of FGF/FGFR units is observed in numerous developmental diseases and in about 10% of human cancers. Glycosylation is a highly abundant posttranslational modification that is critical for physiological and pathological functions of the cell. Glycosylation is also very common within FGF/FGFR signaling hubs. Vast majority of FGFs (15 out of 22 members) are N-glycosylated and few FGFs are O-glycosylated. Glycosylation is even more abundant within FGFRs; all FGFRs are heavily N-glycosylated in numerous positions within their extracellular domains. A growing number of studies points on the multiple roles of glycosylation in fine-tuning FGF/FGFR signaling. Glycosylation modifies secretion of FGFs, determines their stability and affects interaction with FGFRs and co-receptors. Glycosylation of FGFRs determines their intracellular sorting, constitutes autoinhibitory mechanism within FGFRs and adjusts FGF and co-receptor recognition. Sugar chains attached to FGFs and FGFRs constitute also a form of code that is differentially decrypted by extracellular lectins, galectins, which transform FGF/FGFR signaling at multiple levels. This review focuses on the identified functions of glycosylation within FGFs and FGFRs and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Paulina Gregorczyk
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Abdellatif AAH, Bouazzaoui A, Tawfeek HM, Younis MA. MCT4 knockdown by tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles remodels the cytokine profile and eradicates aggressive breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113930. [PMID: 38692174 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a wide-spread threat to the women's health. The drawbacks of conventional treatments necessitate the development of alternative strategies, where gene therapy has regained hope in achieving an efficient eradication of aggressive tumors. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) plays pivotal roles in the growth and survival of various tumors, which offers a promising target for treatment. In the present study, pH-responsive lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) based on the ionizable lipid,1,2-dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium propane (DODAP), were designed for the delivery of siRNA targeting MCT4 gene to the breast cancer cells. Following multiple steps of characterization and optimization, the anticancer activities of the LNPs were assessed against an aggressive breast cancer cell line, 4T1, in comparison with a normal cell line, LX-2. The selection of the helper phospholipid to be incorporated into the LNPs had a dramatic impact on their gene delivery performance. The optimized LNPs enabled a powerful MCT4 silencing by ∼90 % at low siRNA concentrations, with a subsequent ∼80 % cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells. Meanwhile, the LNPs demonstrated a 5-fold higher affinity to the breast cancer cells versus the normal cells, in which they had a minimum effect. Moreover, the MCT4 knockdown by the treatment remodeled the cytokine profile in 4T1 cells, as evidenced by 90 % and ∼64 % reduction in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6; respectively. The findings of this study are promising for potential clinical applications. Furthermore, the simple and scalable delivery vector developed herein can serve as a breast cancer-targeting platform for the delivery of other RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine III (Haematology and Internal Oncology), University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Younis
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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3
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Sui F, Wang G, Liu J, Yuan M, Chen P, Yao Y, Zhang S, Ji M, Hou P. Targeting NG2 relieves the resistance of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:238. [PMID: 38795180 PMCID: PMC11127897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
BRAFV600E represents a constitutively active onco-kinase and stands as the most prevalent genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. However, the clinical efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors targeting BRAFV600E is often limited by acquired resistance. Here, we find that nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2), also known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), is up-regulated in thyroid cancers, and its expression is increased with tumor progression in a BRAFV600E-driven thyroid cancer mouse model. Functional studies show that NG2 knockout almost does not affect tumor growth, but significantly improves the response of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitor PLX4720. Mechanistically, the blockade of ERK-dependent feedback by BRAF inhibitor can activate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, causing the resistance to this inhibitor. NG2 knockout attenuates the PLX4720-mediated feedback activation of several RTKs, improving the sensitivity of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to this inhibitor. Based on this finding, we propose and demonstrate an alternative strategy for targeting NG2 to effectively treat BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers by combining multiple kinase inhibitor (MKI) Sorafenib or Lenvatinib with PLX4720. Thus, this study uncovers a new mechanism in which NG2 contributes to the resistance of BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to BRAF inhibitor, and provides a promising therapeutic option for BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guanjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
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Chérouvrier Hansson V, Cheng F, Georgolopoulos G, Mani K. Dichotomous Effects of Glypican-4 on Cancer Progression and Its Crosstalk with Oncogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3945. [PMID: 38612755 PMCID: PMC11012302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glypicans are linked to various aspects of neoplastic behavior, and their therapeutic value has been proposed in different cancers. Here, we have systematically assessed the impact of GPC4 on cancer progression through functional genomics and transcriptomic analyses across a broad range of cancers. Survival analysis using TCGA cancer patient data reveals divergent effects of GPC4 expression across various cancer types, revealing elevated GPC4 expression levels to be associated with both poor and favorable prognoses in a cancer-dependent manner. Detailed investigation of the role of GPC4 in glioblastoma and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma by genetic perturbation studies displays opposing effects on these cancers, where the knockout of GPC4 with CRISPR/Cas9 attenuated proliferation of glioblastoma and augmented proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and the overexpression of GPC4 exhibited a significant and opposite effect. Further, the overexpression of GPC4 in GPC4-knocked-down glioblastoma cells restored the proliferation, indicating its mitogenic effect in this cancer type. Additionally, a survival analysis of TCGA patient data substantiated these findings, revealing an association between elevated levels of GPC4 and a poor prognosis in glioblastoma, while indicating a favorable outcome in lung carcinoma patients. Finally, through transcriptomic analysis, we attempted to assign mechanisms of action to GPC4, as we find it implicated in cell cycle control and survival core pathways. The analysis revealed upregulation of oncogenes, including FGF5, TGF-β superfamily members, and ITGA-5 in glioblastoma, which were downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our findings illuminate the pleiotropic effect of GPC4 in cancer, underscoring its potential as a putative prognostic biomarker and indicating its therapeutic implications in a cancer type dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chérouvrier Hansson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (V.C.H.); (F.C.)
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (V.C.H.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Katrin Mani
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (V.C.H.); (F.C.)
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5
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Czestkowski W, Krzemiński Ł, Piotrowicz MC, Mazur M, Pluta E, Andryianau G, Koralewski R, Matyszewski K, Olejniczak S, Kowalski M, Lisiecka K, Kozieł R, Piwowar K, Papiernik D, Nowotny M, Napiórkowska-Gromadzka A, Nowak E, Niedziałek D, Wieczorek G, Siwińska A, Rejczak T, Jędrzejczak K, Mulewski K, Olczak J, Zasłona Z, Gołębiowski A, Drzewicka K, Bartoszewicz A. Structure-Based Discovery of High-Affinity Small Molecule Ligands and Development of Tool Probes to Study the Role of Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3959-3985. [PMID: 38427954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL-40, is a glycoprotein linked to inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. This study explored CHI3L1's interactions with various oligosaccharides using microscale thermophoresis (MST) and AlphaScreen (AS). These investigations guided the development of high-throughput screening assays to assess interference of small molecules in binding between CHI3L1 and biotinylated small molecules or heparan sulfate-based probes. Small molecule binders of YKL-40 were identified in our chitotriosidase inhibitors library with MST and confirmed through X-ray crystallography. Based on cocrystal structures of potent hit compounds with CHI3L1, small molecule probes 19 and 20 were designed for an AS assay. Structure-based optimization led to compounds 30 and 31 with nanomolar activities and drug-like properties. Additionally, an orthogonal AS assay using biotinylated heparan sulfate as a probe was developed. The compounds' affinity showed a significant correlation in both assays. These screening tools and compounds offer novel avenues for investigating the role of CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marzena Mazur
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pluta
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafał Kozieł
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Gromadzka
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Siwińska
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rejczak
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | | | - Jacek Olczak
- Molecure S.A., Żwirki I Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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Solaimuthu B, Khatib A, Tanna M, Karmi A, Hayashi A, Abu Rmaileh A, Lichtenstein M, Takoe S, Jolly MK, Shaul YD. The exostosin glycosyltransferase 1/STAT3 axis is a driver of breast cancer aggressiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316733121. [PMID: 38215181 PMCID: PMC10801894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316733121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is crucial for transforming carcinoma cells into a partially mesenchymal state, enhancing their chemoresistance, migration, and metastasis. This shift in cell state is tightly regulated by cellular mechanisms that are not yet fully characterized. One intriguing EMT aspect is the rewiring of the proteoglycan landscape, particularly the induction of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis. This proteoglycan functions as a co-receptor that accelerates cancer-associated signaling pathways through its negatively-charged residues. However, the precise mechanisms through which EMT governs HSPG biosynthesis and its role in cancer cell plasticity remain elusive. Here, we identified exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (EXT1), a central enzyme in HSPG biosynthesis, to be selectively upregulated in aggressive tumor subtypes and cancer cell lines, and to function as a key player in breast cancer aggressiveness. Notably, ectopic expression of EXT1 in epithelial cells is sufficient to induce HSPG levels and the expression of known mesenchymal markers, subsequently enhancing EMT features, including cell migration, invasion, and tumor formation. Additionally, EXT1 loss in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibits their aggressiveness-associated traits such as migration, chemoresistance, tumor formation, and metastasis. Our findings reveal that EXT1, through its role in HSPG biosynthesis, governs signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, a known regulator of cancer cell aggressiveness. Collectively, we present the EXT1/HSPG/STAT3 axis as a central regulator of cancer cell plasticity that directly links proteoglycan synthesis to oncogenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Solaimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Anees Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Mayur Tanna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Abdelrahman Karmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Arata Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Areej Abu Rmaileh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Michal Lichtenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
| | - Suranjana Takoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur760010, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Yoav David Shaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem9112001, Israel
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8
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Ostrowska-Lesko M, Rajtak A, Moreno-Bueno G, Bobinski M. Scientific and clinical relevance of non-cellular tumor microenvironment components in ovarian cancer chemotherapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189036. [PMID: 38042260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) components play a crucial role in cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This phenomenon is exceptionally fundamental in patients with ovarian cancer (OvCa), whose outcome depends mainly on their response to chemotherapy. Until now, most reports have focused on the role of cellular components of the TME, while less attention has been paid to the stroma and other non-cellular elements of the TME, which may play an essential role in the therapy resistance. Inhibiting these components could help define new therapeutic targets and potentially restore chemosensitivity. The aim of the present article is both to summarize the knowledge about non-cellular components of the TME in the development of OvCa chemoresistance and to suggest targeting of non-cellular elements of the TME as a valuable strategy to overcome chemoresistance and to develop new therapeutic strategies in OvCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ostrowska-Lesko
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Alicja Rajtak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Sols-Morreale' (IIBm-CISC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Fundación MD Anderson Internacional (FMDA), Spain.
| | - Marcin Bobinski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
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9
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Hu S, Xia C, Zou H, Ren W, Liu L, Wang L, Kang Q, He K, Wang T, Zhang X. HS6ST1 overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblast and inhibited cholangiocarcinoma progression. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1114-1125. [PMID: 36586771 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Fibroblasts turn into cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in tumor progression. However, the mechanism is unclear. AIMS To investigate the role of CAFs with HS6ST1-overexpression in cell migration and invasion effects. METHODS Human primary CAFs were isolated and identified from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. mRNA profiles differences between CAFs and NFs were examined by using transcriptome sequencing. Using Transwell® migration assays, ICCA cells (RBE and HUCCT1) with NF-CM, CAF-CM, CAFsNC-CM, and CAFsHS6ST1-CM were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the expression of HS6ST1 in CAF in 152 patients with ICCA. Overall survival (OS) was compared based on CAF HS6ST1 expression were analysed. The relationship between clinicopathological parameters and survival was also examined. RESULTS Successfully isolated CAFs is positive staining with αSMA, FSP-1, FAP, and PDGFR-β. Transcriptome sequencing showed that differently expressed genes were enriched in the function of the extracellular matrix and chemokine signaling pathway. HS6ST1 is differentially expressed between CAFs and NFs, and associated with the migration and invasion of ICCA cells. Moreover, HS6ST1 positive expression of CAFs predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and showed correlation with the presence of lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION HS6ST1 is new possibilities for targeting the CAFs to reduce cholangiocarcinoma growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Chuqi Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Wenjun Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Lianmin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Kai He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374# Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China.
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10
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Jayatilleke KM, Duivenvoorden HM, Ryan GF, Parker BS, Hulett MD. Investigating the Role of Heparanase in Breast Cancer Development Utilising the MMTV-PyMT Murine Model of Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113062. [PMID: 37297024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common human malignancy and is a major global health burden. Heparanase (HPSE) has been widely implicated in enhancing the development and progression of solid tumours, including breast cancer. In this study, the well-established spontaneous mammary tumour-developing MMTV-PyMT murine model was utilised to examine the role of HPSE in breast cancer establishment, progression, and metastasis. The use of HPSE-deficient MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-PyMTxHPSE-/-) mice addressed the lack of genetic ablation models to investigate the role of HPSE in mammary tumours. It was demonstrated that even though HPSE regulated mammary tumour angiogenesis, mammary tumour progression and metastasis were HPSE-independent. Furthermore, there was no evidence of compensatory action by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to the lack of HPSE expression in the mammary tumours. These findings suggest that HPSE may not play a significant role in the mammary tumour development of MMTV-PyMT animals. Collectively, these observations may have implications in the clinical setting of breast cancer and therapy using HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hendrika M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gemma F Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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11
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Cheng F, Hansson VC, Georgolopoulos G, Mani K. Attenuation of cancer proliferation by suppression of glypican-1 and its pleiotropic effects in neoplastic behavior. Oncotarget 2023; 14:219-235. [PMID: 36944188 PMCID: PMC10030152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glypicans (GPC1-6) are associated with tumorigenic processes and their involvement in neoplastic behavior has been discussed in different cancer types. Here, a cancer-wide GPC expression study, using clinical cancer patient data in The Cancer Genome Atlas, reveals net upregulation of GPC1 and GPC2 in primary solid tumors, whereas GPC3, GPC5 and GPC6 display lowered expression pattern compared to normal tissues. Focusing on GPC1, survival analyses of the clinical cancer patient data reveal statistically significant correlation between high expression of GPC1 and poor prognosis in 10 particular cancer types i.e., bladder urothelial carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and uveal melanoma. In vitro studies targeting GPC1 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 or siRNA or treatment with an anti-GPC1 antibody resulted in attenuation of proliferation of cancer cells from bladder carcinoma, glioma and hepatocellular carcinoma patients (T24, U87 and HepG2 cells). Further, overexpression of GPC1 exhibited a significant and negative correlation between GPC1 expression and proliferation of T24 cells. Attempt to reveal the mechanism through which downregulation of GPC1 leads to attenuation of tumor growth using systematic Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicate that suppression of GPC1 results in ECM-mediated inhibition of specific pro-cancer signaling pathways involving TGF-β and p38 MAPK. Identified differential expression and pleiotropic effects of GPCs in specific cancer types emphasize their potential of as novel diagnostic tools and prognostic factors and open doors for future GPC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor Chérouvrier Hansson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Katrin Mani
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Glycobiology Group, Lund University, Biomedical Center A13, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Revisiting the Syndecans: Master Signaling Regulators with Prognostic and Targetable Therapeutic Values in Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061794. [PMID: 36980680 PMCID: PMC10046401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans (SDC1 to 4), a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are frequently expressed in mammalian tissues. SDCs are aberrantly expressed either on tumor or stromal cells, influencing cancer initiation and progression through their pleiotropic role in different signaling pathways relevant to proliferation, cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the key roles of SDCs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in females worldwide, focusing on the prognostic significance and molecular regulators of SDC expression and localization in either breast tumor tissue or its microenvironmental cells and the SDC-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition program. This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of SDCs in regulating breast cancer cell behavior via modulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling, microRNA expression, and exosome biogenesis and functions, as well as summarizing the potential of SDCs as promising candidate targets for therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
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13
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Pfeifer V, Weber H, Wang Y, Schlesinger M, Gorzelanny C, Bendas G. Exostosin 1 Knockdown Induces Chemoresistance in MV3 Melanoma Cells by Upregulating JNK and MEK/ERK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065452. [PMID: 36982528 PMCID: PMC10049486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) possess various functions driving malignancy of tumors. However, their impact on tumor cell sensitivity to cytotoxic treatment is far less understood. Aiming to investigate this, we depleted HSPGs by downregulating Exostosin 1 (EXT1), a key enzyme in HS formation, or upregulating heparanase in human MV3 human melanoma cells, and investigated their response to cytotoxic drugs. Cytotoxicity of trametinib, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone was detected by MTT assay. Insights into intracellular signaling was provided by kinome protein profiler array, and selected kinases were inhibited to investigate their impact on cell sensitization and migratory dynamics. EXT1 knockdown (EXT1kd) in MV3 cells affected the activity of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, significantly increasing EC50 values two- or fourfold, respectively. Resistance formation was scarcely related to HSPG deficiency, suggested by enzymatic cleavage of HSPG in control cells. Notably, EXT1kd induced an upregulation of EGFR signaling via JNK and MEK/ERK, and hence blocking these kinases returned resistance to a sensitive level. JNK appeared as a key signal component, also inducing higher migratory activity of EXT1kd cells. Furthermore, EXT1kd upregulated thrombotic properties of MV3 cells, indicated by tissue factor and PAR-1 expression, functionally reflected by a stronger activation of platelet aggregation. EXT1 was confirmed to act as a tumor suppressor, shown here for the first time to affect chemosensitivity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Weber
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-735250
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14
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Yang H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:251-291. [PMID: 36725112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins that consist of a proteoglycan "core" protein and covalently attached heparan sulfate (HS) chain. HSPGs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secretory vesicles. Within HSPGs, the protein cores determine when and where HSPG expression takes place, and the HS chains mediate most of HSPG's biological roles through binding various protein ligands, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and receptors, morphogens, proteases, protease inhibitors, and ECM proteins. Through these interactions, HSPGs modulate cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis to display essential functions in physiology and pathology. Under physiological conditions, the expression and localization of HSPGs are finely regulated to orchestrate their physiological functions, and this is disrupted in cancer. The HSPG dysregulation elicits multiple oncogenic signaling, including growth factor signaling, ECM and Integrin signaling, chemokine and immune signaling, cancer stem cell, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, to prompt cell transformation, proliferation, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and inflammation, and immunotolerance. These oncogenic roles make HSPGs an attractive pharmacological target for anti-cancer therapy. Several therapeutic strategies have been under development, including anti-HSPG antibodies, peptides and HS mimetics, synthetic xylosides, and heparinase inhibitors, and shown promising anti-cancer efficacy. Therefore, much progress has been made in this line of study. However, it needs to bear in mind that the roles of HSPGs in cancer can be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive, depending on the HSPG and the cancer cell type with the underlying mechanisms that remain obscure. Further studies need to address these to fill the knowledge gap and rationalize more efficient therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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15
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De Pasquale V, Esposito A, Scerra G, Scarcella M, Ciampa M, Luongo A, D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A, D’Agostino M, Pavone LM. N-Substituted l-Iminosugars for the Treatment of Sanfilippo Type B Syndrome. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1790-1808. [PMID: 36696678 PMCID: PMC9923752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome comprises a group of four genetic diseases due to the lack or decreased activity of enzymes involved in heparan sulfate (HS) catabolism. HS accumulation in lysosomes and other cellular compartments results in tissue and organ dysfunctions, leading to a wide range of clinical symptoms including severe neurodegeneration. To date, no approved treatments for Sanfilippo disease exist. Here, we report the ability of N-substituted l-iminosugars to significantly reduce substrate storage and lysosomal dysfunctions in Sanfilippo fibroblasts and in a neuronal cellular model of Sanfilippo B subtype. Particularly, we found that they increase the levels of defective α-N-acetylglucosaminidase and correct its proper sorting toward the lysosomal compartment. Furthermore, l-iminosugars reduce HS accumulation by downregulating protein levels of exostosin glycosyltransferases. These results highlight an interesting pharmacological potential of these glycomimetics in Sanfilippo syndrome, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of such incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Esposito
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Ciampa
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Luongo
- AORN
Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, Via F. Palasciano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy,
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy,
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy,
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16
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The New General Biological Property of Stem-like Tumor Cells (Part II: Surface Molecules, Which Belongs to Distinctive Groups with Particular Functions, Form a Unique Pattern Characteristic of a Certain Type of Tumor Stem-like Cells). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415800. [PMID: 36555446 PMCID: PMC9785054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An ability of poorly differentiated cells of different genesis, including tumor stem-like cells (TSCs), to internalize extracellular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments was revealed in our studies. Using the models of Krebs-2 murine ascites carcinoma and EBV-induced human B-cell lymphoma culture, we demonstrated that dsDNA internalization into the cell consists of several mechanistically distinct phases. The primary contact with cell membrane factors is determined by electrostatic interactions. Firm contacts with cell envelope proteins are then formed, followed by internalization into the cell of the complex formed between the factor and the dsDNA probe bound to it. The key binding sites were found to be the heparin-binding domains, which are constituents of various cell surface proteins of TSCs-either the C1q domain, the collagen-binding domain, or domains of positively charged amino acids. These results imply that the interaction between extracellular dsDNA fragments and the cell, as well as their internalization, took place with the involvement of glycocalyx components (proteoglycans/glycoproteins (PGs/GPs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs)) and the system of scavenger receptors (SRs), which are characteristic of TSCs and form functional clusters of cell surface proteins in TSCs. The key provisions of the concept characterizing the principle of organization of the "group-specific" cell surface factors of TSCs of various geneses were formulated. These factors belong to three protein clusters: GPs/PGs, GIP-APs, and SRs. For TSCs of different tumors, these clusters were found to be represented by different members with homotypic functions corresponding to the general function of the cluster to which they belong.
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17
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Strokotova AV, Grigorieva EV. Glucocorticoid Effects on Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415678. [PMID: 36555315 PMCID: PMC9778983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that play diverse roles in numerous normal and pathological processes. They are actively used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, cancers, and COVID-19, among others. However, the long-term use of glucocorticoids is associated with numerous side effects. Molecular mechanisms of these negative side effects are not completely understood. Recently, arguments have been made that one such mechanisms may be related to the influence of glucocorticoids on O-glycosylated components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix, in particular on proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. The potential toxic effects of glucocorticoids on these glycosylated macromolecules are particularly meaningful for brain physiology because proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans are the main extracellular components of brain tissue. Here, we aim to review the known effects of glucocorticoids on proteoglycan expression and glycosaminoglycan content in different tissues, with a specific focus on the brain.
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18
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Enzymatic Digestion of Cell-surface Heparan Sulfate Alters the Radiation Response in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:826-839. [PMID: 36411172 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Radiation resistance represents a major challenge in the treatment of breast cancer. As heparan sulfate (HS) chains are known to contribute to tumorigenesis, we aimed to investigate the interplay between HS degradation and radiation response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. METHODS HS chains were degraded in vitro as TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 were treated with heparinase I and III. Subsequently, radioresistance was determined via colony formation assay after doses of 2, 4 and 6 Gy. Cell cycle profile, stem cell characteristics, expression of HS, activation of beta integrins, and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, cell motility was analyzed via wound-healing assays, and expression and activation of FAK, CDK-6, Src, and Erk1/2 were quantified by western blot pre- and post-irradiation. Finally, the expression of cytokines was analyzed using a cytokine array. RESULTS Radiation promoted cell cycle changes, while heparinase treatment induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Colony formation assays showed significantly increased radio-resistance for both cell lines after degradation of HS. Cell migration was similarly upregulated after degradation of HS compared to controls. This effect was even more prominent after irradiation. Interestingly, FAK, a marker of radioresistance, was significantly activated in the heparinase-treated group. Additionally, we found Src to be dysregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, we observed differential secretion of GRO, CXCL1, IGFBP1, IL8, Angiogenin, and Osteoprotegerin after HS degradation and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an influence of HS chains on the development of radioresistance in TNBC.
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19
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Chen X, Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang J, Jin X, Ma Y. CSP I-plus modified rEndostatin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via down-regulation of VEGFA and integrinβ1. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1200. [PMID: 36419008 PMCID: PMC9682839 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, N end of the Circumsporozoite protein (CSP I-plus) modified recombinant human Endostatin (rEndostatin, endostar) (rES-CSP) was constructed, which had antiangiogenic capability and bound to hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. In this study, the inhibition of rES-CSP on hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis was verified in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism was explored. METHODS Firstly, the impact of rES-CSP on the migration, adhesion of hepatoma cell HCCLM3 was identified by wound healing, transwell, and on metastasis of orthotopic xenograft model was identified in nude mouse. Then the expression of metastasis-associated molecules (MMP2, E-cadherin, integrinβ1) and angiogenesis-related factors (VEGFA) in vitro and in vivo were detected by real-time PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Finally, we found that rES-CSP could inhibit the migration and invasion of HCCLM3, and decrease tumor metastasis and growth in nude mouse orthotopic xenograft models. The tumor inhibiting rates of rES-CSP and Endostar were 42.46 ± 5.39% and 11.1 ± 1.88%. The lung metastasis rates of the control, Endostar and rES-CSP were 71, 50, and 42.8%, respectively. Compared with Endostar, rES-CSP significantly down-regulated the expression of VEGFA and integrinβ1. Heparin, a competitive inhibitor of CSP I-plus, which can be bind to the highly-sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) over-expressed in liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, alleviated the down-regulation of VEGFA and integrinβ1. CONCLUSIONS These indicate that rES-CSP may play a role in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis by down-regulating the angiogenic factor VEGF and the metastasis-related molecules or by interfering with HSPGs-mediated tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Chen
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Zhongshan Campus Laboratory Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hancong Liu
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jie Wang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yan Ma
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, East Waihuan Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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20
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Variant Enrichment Analysis to Explore Pathways Disruption in a Necropsy Series of Asbestos-Exposed Shipyard Workers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113628. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The variant enrichment analysis (VEA), a recently developed bioinformatic workflow, has been shown to be a valuable tool for whole-exome sequencing data analysis, allowing finding differences between the number of genetic variants in a given pathway compared to a reference dataset. In a previous study, using VEA, we identified different pathway signatures associated with the development of pulmonary toxicities in mesothelioma patients treated with radical hemithoracic radiation therapy. Here, we used VEA to discover novel pathways altered in individuals exposed to asbestos who developed or not asbestos-related diseases (lung cancer or mesothelioma). A population-based autopsy study was designed in which asbestos exposure was evaluated and quantitated by investigating objective signs of exposure. We selected patients with similar exposure to asbestos. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were used as a source of DNA and whole-exome sequencing analysis was performed, running VEA to identify potentially disrupted pathways in individuals who developed thoracic cancers induced by asbestos exposure. By using VEA analysis, we confirmed the involvement of pathways considered as the main culprits for asbestos-induced carcinogenesis: oxidative stress and chromosome instability. Furthermore, we identified protective genetic assets preserving genome stability and susceptibility assets predisposing to a worst outcome.
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21
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Sparić R, Andjić M, Babović I, Nejković L, Mitrović M, Štulić J, Pupovac M, Tinelli A. Molecular Insights in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179728. [PMID: 36077127 PMCID: PMC9456512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of female genital diseases, unlike uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a rare and aggressive uterine cancer. This narrative review aims to discuss the biology and diagnosis of LMS and, at the same time, their differential diagnosis, in order to distinguish the biological and molecular origins. The authors performed a Medline and PubMed search for the years 1990–2022 using a combination of keywords on the topics to highlight the many genes and proteins involved in the pathogenesis of LMS. The mutation of these genes, in addition to the altered expression and functions of their enzymes, are potentially biomarkers of uterine LMS. Thus, the use of this molecular and protein information could favor differential diagnosis and personalized therapy based on the molecular characteristics of LMS tissue, leading to timely diagnoses and potential better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivana Babović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Nejković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Mitrović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Štulić
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Pupovac
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di Ricerca Clinico SALentino), “Verisdelli Ponti Hospital”, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, LE, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
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22
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Oravecz O, Balogh A, Romero R, Xu Y, Juhasz K, Gelencser Z, Xu Z, Bhatti G, Pique-Regi R, Peterfia B, Hupuczi P, Kovalszky I, Murthi P, Tarca AL, Papp Z, Matko J, Than NG. Proteoglycans: Systems-Level Insight into Their Expression in Healthy and Diseased Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5798. [PMID: 35628608 PMCID: PMC9147780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycan macromolecules play key roles in several physiological processes (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis), all of which are important for placentation and healthy pregnancy. However, their precise roles in human reproduction have not been clarified. To fill this gap, herein, we provide an overview of the proteoglycans' expression and role in the placenta, in trophoblast development, and in pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction), highlighting one of the most important members of this family, syndecan-1 (SDC1). Microarray data analysis showed that of 34 placentally expressed proteoglycans, SDC1 production is markedly the highest in the placenta and that SDC1 is the most upregulated gene during trophoblast differentiation into the syncytiotrophoblast. Furthermore, placental transcriptomic data identified dysregulated proteoglycan genes in pre-eclampsia and in fetal growth restriction, including SDC1, which is supported by the lower concentration of syndecan-1 in maternal blood in these syndromes. Overall, our clinical and in vitro studies, data analyses, and literature search pointed out that proteoglycans, as important components of the placenta, may regulate various stages of placental development and participate in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, syndecan-1 may serve as a useful marker of syncytialization and a prognostic marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of proteoglycans in healthy and complicated pregnancies, which may help in diagnostic or therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Oravecz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Balint Peterfia
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3502, Australia
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
| | - Janos Matko
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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23
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Chang K, Majmudar H, Tandon R, Volin MV, Tiwari V. Induction of Filopodia During Cytomegalovirus Entry Into Human Iris Stromal Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834927. [PMID: 35450284 PMCID: PMC9018114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses exploit thin projections of filopodia for cell entry and cell-to-cell spread. Using primary cultures of human iris stromal (HIS) cells derived from human eye donors, we report a significant increase in filopodia formation during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Using confocal microscopy, we observed a large number of virions being frequently associated along the filopodia prior to cell infection. Depolymerization of actin filaments resulted in a significant inhibition of HCMV entry into HIS cell. Our results further revealed that the transient expression of HCMV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) triggers the induction of the filopodial system. Since gB is known to bind the diverse chains of heparan sulfate (HS), a comparative study was performed to evaluate the gB-mediated filopodial induction in cells expressing either wild-type HS and/or 3-O sulfated HS (3-OS HS). We found that cells co-expressing HCMV gB together with the 3-O sulfotranseferase-3 (3-OST-3) enzyme had a much higher and robust filopodia induction compared to cells co-expressing gB with wild-type HS. The above results were further verified by pre-treating HIS cells with anti-3-OS HS (G2) peptide and/or heparinase-I before challenging with HCMV infection, which resulted in a significant loss in the filopodial counts as well as decreased viral infectivity. Taken together, our findings highlight that HCMV entry into HIS cells actively modulates the actin cytoskeleton via coordinated actions possibly between gB and the 3-OS HS receptor to influence viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Hardik Majmudar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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24
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Dituri F, Gigante G, Scialpi R, Mancarella S, Fabregat I, Giannelli G. Proteoglycans in Cancer: Friends or Enemies? A Special Focus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081902. [PMID: 35454809 PMCID: PMC9024587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Proteoglycans affect multiple molecular and cellular processes during the progression of solid tumors with a highly desmoplastic stroma, such as HCC. Due to their role in enhancing or limiting the traits of cancer cells underlying their aggressiveness, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness, these macromolecules could be exploited as molecular targets or therapeutic agents. Proteoglycans, such as biglycan, versican, syndecan-1, glypican-3, and agrin, promote HCC cell proliferation, EMT, and angiogenesis, while endostatin and proteoglycan 4 were shown to impair cancer neovascularization or to enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to drugs, such as sorafenib and regorafenib. Based on this evidence, interventional strategies involving the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies, T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors, or recombinant proteins mimicking potentially curative proteoglycans, are being employed or may be adopted in the near future for the treatment of HCC. Abstract Proteoglycans are a class of highly glycosylated proteins expressed in virtually all tissues, which are localized within membranes, but more often in the pericellular space and extracellular matrix (ECM), and are involved in tissue homeostasis and remodeling of the stromal microenvironment during physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and cancer. In general, proteoglycans can perform signaling activities and influence a range of physical, chemical, and biological tissue properties, including the diffusivity of small electrolytes and nutrients and the bioavailability of growth factors. While the dysregulated expression of some proteoglycans is observed in many cancers, whether they act as supporters or limiters of neoplastic progression is still a matter of controversy, as the tumor promoting or suppressive function of some proteoglycans is context dependent. The participation of multiple proteoglycans in organ regeneration (as demonstrated for the liver in hepatectomy mouse models) and in cancer suggests that these molecules actively influence cell growth and motility, thus contributing to key events that characterize neoplastic progression. In this review, we outline the main roles of proteoglycans in the physiology and pathology of cancers, with a special mention to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighting the translational potential of proteoglycans as targets or therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluigi Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Rosanna Scialpi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBEREHD and University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.G.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
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25
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Sparn C, Dimou E, Meyer A, Saleppico R, Wegehingel S, Gerstner M, Klaus S, Ewers H, Nickel W. Glypican-1 drives unconventional secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2. eLife 2022; 11:75545. [PMID: 35348113 PMCID: PMC8986318 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a tumor cell survival factor that is transported into the extracellular space by an unconventional secretory mechanism. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are known to play an essential role in this process. Unexpectedly, we found that among the diverse sub-classes consisting of syndecans, perlecans, glypicans and others, Glypican-1 (GPC1) is the principle and rate-limiting factor that drives unconventional secretion of FGF2. By contrast, we demonstrate GPC1 to be dispensable for FGF2 signaling into cells. We provide first insights into the structural basis for GPC1-dependent FGF2 secretion, identifying disaccharides with N-linked sulfate groups to be enriched in the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1 to which FGF2 binds with high affinity. Our findings have broad implications for the role of GPC1 as a key molecule in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helge Ewers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin
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26
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Tóth G, Pál D, Sugár S, Kovalszky I, Dezső K, Schlosser G, Drahos L, Turiák L. Expression of glycosaminoglycans in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma-a pilot study including etiology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3837-3846. [PMID: 35344068 PMCID: PMC8958808 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have both high incidence and mortality rates; therefore, a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. We have determined the content and sulfation pattern of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver tissues, considering the etiology of the diseases. A variety of pathological conditions such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infections, and primary sclerosing cholangitis were studied. Major differences were observed in the total abundance and sulfation pattern of CS and HS chains. For example, the 6-O-sulfation of CS is fundamentally different regarding etiologies of cirrhosis, and a 2-threefold increase in HS N-sulfation/O-sulfation ratio was observed in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to cirrhotic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pál
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon Sugár
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Ph.D. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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28
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Chen L, Zhu D, Huang J, Zhang H, Zhou G, Zhong X. Identification of Hub Genes Associated with COPD Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:439-456. [PMID: 35273447 PMCID: PMC8901430 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s353765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, LiuZhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donglan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoning Zhong, Tel +86 13607881203, Fax +86 771-5356702, Email
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29
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Marques C, Reis CA, Vivès RR, Magalhães A. Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis and Sulfation Profiles as Modulators of Cancer Signalling and Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:778752. [PMID: 34858858 PMCID: PMC8632541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important cell surface and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) maestros involved in the orchestration of multiple cellular events in physiology and pathology. These glycoconjugates bind to various bioactive proteins via their Heparan Sulfate (HS) chains, but also through the protein backbone, and function as scaffolds for protein-protein interactions, modulating extracellular ligand gradients, cell signalling networks and cell-cell/cell-ECM interactions. The structural features of HS chains, including length and sulfation patterns, are crucial for the biological roles displayed by HSPGs, as these features determine HS chains binding affinities and selectivity. The large HS structural diversity results from a tightly controlled biosynthetic pathway that is differently regulated in different organs, stages of development and pathologies, including cancer. This review addresses the regulatory mechanisms underlying HS biosynthesis, with a particular focus on the catalytic activity of the enzymes responsible for HS glycan sequences and sulfation motifs, namely D-Glucuronyl C5-Epimerase, N- and O-Sulfotransferases. Moreover, we provide insights on the impact of different HS structural epitopes over HSPG-protein interactions and cell signalling, as well as on the effects of deregulated expression of HS modifying enzymes in the development and progression of cancer. Finally, we discuss the clinical potential of HS biosynthetic enzymes as novel targets for therapy, and highlight the importance of developing new HS-based tools for better patients' stratification and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Luo W, He D, Zhang J, Ma Z, Chen K, Lv Z, Fan C, Yang L, Li Y, Zhou Z. Knockdown of PPARδ Induces VEGFA-Mediated Angiogenesis via Interaction With ERO1A in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713892. [PMID: 34712608 PMCID: PMC8546184 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important mechanism underlying the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has emerged as a therapeutic target for metastatic CRC (mCRC). Our recent studies found that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ/D (PPARδ) regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) secretion and the sensitivity to bevacizumab in CRC. However, its exact effect and underlying mechanisms remain unidentified. In this study, we showed that PPARδ expression was inversely associated with the microvascular density in human CRC tissues. Knockdown of PPARδ enhanced VEGFA expression in HCT116 cells and HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro; these phenomena were replicated in the experimental in vivo studies. By tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling proteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1A) was screened and predicted as a target gene of PPARδ. This was verified by exploring the effect of coregulation of PPARδ and ERO1A on the VEGFA expression in HCT116 cells. The results revealed that PPARδ induced VEGFA by interacting with ERO1A. In conclusion, our results suggest that knockdown of PPARδ can promote CRC angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFA through ERO1A. This pathway may be a potential target for mCRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diao He
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zida Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keling Chen
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoying Lv
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Banik N, Yang SB, Kang TB, Lim JH, Park J. Heparin and Its Derivatives: Challenges and Advances in Therapeutic Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910524. [PMID: 34638867 PMCID: PMC8509054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been extensively studied as a safe medicine and biomolecule over the past few decades. Heparin derivatives, including low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and heparin pentasaccharide, are effective anticoagulants currently used in clinical settings. They have also been studied as functional biomolecules or biomaterials for various therapeutic uses to treat diseases. Heparin, which has a similar molecular structure to heparan sulfate, can be used as a remarkable biomedicine due to its uniquely high safety and biocompatibility. In particular, it has recently drawn attention for use in drug-delivery systems, biomaterial-based tissue engineering, nanoformulations, and new drug-development systems through molecular formulas. A variety of new heparin-based biomolecules and conjugates have been developed in recent years and are currently being evaluated for use in clinical applications. This article reviews heparin derivatives recently studied in the field of drug development for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Banik
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Seong-Bin Yang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Heparan sulfate analogues regulate tumor-derived exosome formation that attenuates exosome functions in tumor processes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:481-491. [PMID: 34298051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is involved in many biological activities, including the biogenesis and uptake of exosomes, which are related to the occurrence and development of tumors. This study investigated the role of HS analogues (heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and 6-O-desulfated heparin) in modulating exosome secretion, composition and functions. Exosomes derived from B16F10 cells exposed to different HS analogues were isolated and characterized by TEM, western blotting and Nanosight analyses. The number, size and protein cargo of exosomes secreted by HS analogues-induced B16F10 cells were detected. The findings indicated the reduced tumor-derived exosome secretion and protein cargo as reflected by lower levels of CD63, TSG101, heparinase and IL-6 in exosomes derived from heparin-induced B16F10 cells as compared with 6-O-desulfated heparin-induced tumor cells. Further functional assays demonstrated that exosomes from tumor cells exposed to heparin weakened tumor proliferation, migration and invasion most significantly among various exosomes derived from B16F10 cells treated with different HS analogues. Moreover, the sulfate group at 6-O position of heparan sulfate has been proved to play an important role in tumor-derived exosome formation and functions. This study suggested a vital view to develop more specific and efficient HS-based strategies in cancer treatment for targeting tumor-derived exosomes.
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Tsidulko AY, Shevelev OB, Khotskina AS, Kolpakova MA, Suhovskih AV, Kazanskaya GM, Volkov AM, Aidagulova SV, Zavyalov EL, Grigorieva EV. Chemotherapy-Induced Degradation of Glycosylated Components of the Brain Extracellular Matrix Promotes Glioblastoma Relapse Development in an Animal Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713139. [PMID: 34350124 PMCID: PMC8327169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is an intrinsic part of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy targeted to eliminate residual GBM cells. Despite the intensive treatment, a GBM relapse develops in the majority of cases resulting in poor outcome of the disease. Here, we investigated off-target negative effects of the systemic chemotherapy on glycosylated components of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) and their functional significance. Using an elaborated GBM relapse animal model, we demonstrated that healthy brain tissue resists GBM cell proliferation and invasion, thereby restricting tumor development. TMZ-induced [especially in combination with dexamethasone (DXM)] changes in composition and content of brain ECM proteoglycans (PGs) resulted in the accelerated adhesion, proliferation, and invasion of GBM cells into brain organotypic slices ex vivo and more active growth and invasion of experimental xenograft GBM tumors in SCID mouse brain in vivo. These changes occurred both at core proteins and polysaccharide chain levels, and degradation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) was identified as a key event responsible for the observed functional effects. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced changes in glycosylated components of brain ECM can impact the fate of residual GBM cells and GBM relapse development. ECM-targeted supportive therapy might be a useful strategy to mitigate the negative off-target effects of the adjuvant GBM treatment and increase the relapse-free survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Tsidulko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg B Shevelev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Khotskina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariia A Kolpakova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Suhovskih
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina M Kazanskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Volkov
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Aidagulova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii L Zavyalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Combinatorial therapy in tumor microenvironment: Where do we stand? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188585. [PMID: 34224836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of various cellular components, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells and vasculature, which provide a sustained environment for cancer cell proliferation. Currently, targeting tumor microenvironment is increasingly being explored as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics, as it influences the growth and expansion of malignant cells in various ways. Despite continuous advancements in targeted therapies for cancer treatment, drug resistance, toxicity and immune escape mechanisms are the basis of treatment failure and cancer escape. Targeting tumor microenvironment efficiently with approved drugs and combination therapy is the solution to this enduring challenge that involves combining more than one treatment modality such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy that can effectively and synergistically target the critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis. This review shed light on the composition of the tumor microenvironment, interaction of different components within tumor microenvironment with tumor cells and associated hallmarks, the current status of combinatorial therapies being developed, and various growing advancements. Furthermore, computational tools can also be used to monitor the significance and outcome of therapies being developed. We addressed the perceived barriers and regulatory hurdles in developing a combinatorial regimen and evaluated the present status of these therapies in the clinic. The accumulating depth of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment in cancer may facilitate further development of effective treatment modalities. This review presents the tumor microenvironment as a sweeping landscape for developing novel cancer therapies.
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Furini S, Falciani C. Expression and Role of Heparan Sulfated Proteoglycans in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695858. [PMID: 34249755 PMCID: PMC8267412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal condition with poor outcomes and an increasing incidence. The unfavourable prognosis is due to the lack of early symptoms and consequent late diagnosis. An effective method for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is therefore sought by many researchers in the field. Heparan sulfated proteoglycan-related genes are often expressed differently in tumors than in normal tissues. Alteration of the tumor microenvironment is correlated with the ability of heparan sulfated proteoglycans to bind cytokines and growth factors and eventually to influence tumor progression. Here we discuss the importance of glypicans, syndecans, perlecan and extracellular matrix modifying enzymes, such as heparanases and sulfatases, as potential diagnostics in pancreatic cancer. We also ran an analysis on a multidimensional cancer genomics database for heparan sulfated proteoglycan-related genes, and report altered expression of some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Furini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Infection and Treatment: A Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126574. [PMID: 34207476 PMCID: PMC8235362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core protein. The complex HSPG biosynthetic machinery generates an extraordinary structural variety of HS chains that enable them to bind a plethora of ligands, including growth factors, morphogens, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, matrix proteins, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These interactions translate into key regulatory activity of HSPGs on a wide range of cellular processes such as receptor activation and signaling, cytoskeleton assembly, extracellular matrix remodeling, endocytosis, cell-cell crosstalk, and others. Due to their ubiquitous expression within tissues and their large functional repertoire, HSPGs are involved in many physiopathological processes; thus, they have emerged as valuable targets for the therapy of many human diseases. Among their functions, HSPGs assist many viruses in invading host cells at various steps of their life cycle. Viruses utilize HSPGs for the attachment to the host cell, internalization, intracellular trafficking, egress, and spread. Recently, HSPG involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying HSPG/SARS-CoV-2 interaction and downstream effects, and we provide an overview of the HSPG-based therapeutic strategies that could be used to combat such a fearsome virus.
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Melanoma Associated Chitinase 3-Like 1 Promoted Endothelial Cell Activation and Immune Cell Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083912. [PMID: 33920100 PMCID: PMC8069096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is an enzymatically inactive mammalian chitinase that is associated with tumor inflammation. Previous research indicated that CHI3L1 is able to interact with different extracellular matrix components, such as heparan sulfate. In the present work, we investigated whether the interaction of CHI3L1 with the extracellular matrix of melanoma cells can trigger an inflammatory activation of endothelial cells. The analysis of the melanoma cell secretome indicated that CHI3L1 increases the abundance of various cytokines, such as CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Using a solid-phase binding assay, we found that heparan sulfate-bound VEGF-A and CCL2 were displaced by recombinant CHI3L1 in a dose-dependent manner. Microfluidic experiments indicated that the CHI3L1 altered melanoma cell secretome promoted immune cell recruitment to the vascular endothelium. In line with the elevated VEGF-A levels, CHI3L1 was also able to promote angiogenesis through the release of extracellular matrix-bound pro-angiogenic factors. In conclusion, we showed that CHI3L1 is able to affect the tumor cell secretome, which in turn can regulate immune cell recruitment and blood vessel formation. Accordingly, our data suggest that the molecular targeting of CHI3L1 in the course of cancer immunotherapies can tune patients’ response and antitumoral inflammation.
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Overexpression of Human Syndecan-1 Protects against the Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071548. [PMID: 33801718 PMCID: PMC8037268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Syndecan-1 is a Janus-faced proteoglycan: depending on the type of cancer, it can promote or inhibit the development of tumors. Our previous in vitro experiments revealed that transfection of human syndecan-1 (hSDC1) into hepatoma cells, initiating hepatocyte-like differentiation. To further confirm the antitumor action of hSDC1 in the context of liver carcinogenesis, mice transgenic for albumin promoter-driven hSDC1 were created with exclusive expression of hSDC1 in the liver. Indeed, hSDC1 interfered with the development of liver cancer in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis experiments. The mechanism was found to be related to lipid metabolism that plays an important role in the induction of nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is known to promote the development of cancer; therefore, the oncoprotective effect of hSDC1 may be mediated by a beneficial modulation of lipid metabolism. Abstract Although syndecan-1 (SDC1) is known to be dysregulated in various cancer types, its implication in tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Its effect may be detrimental or protective depending on the type of cancer. Our previous data suggest that SDC1 is protective against hepatocarcinogenesis. To further verify this notion, human SDC1 transgenic (hSDC1+/+) mice were generated that expressed hSDC1 specifically in the liver under the control of the albumin promoter. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at an age of 15 days after birth, which resulted in tumors without cirrhosis in wild-type and hSDC1+/+ mice. At the experimental endpoint, livers were examined macroscopically and histologically, as well as by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, receptor tyrosine kinase array, phosphoprotein array, and proteomic analysis. Liver-specific overexpression of hSDC1 resulted in an approximately six month delay in tumor formation via the promotion of SDC1 shedding, downregulation of lipid metabolism, inhibition of the mTOR and the β-catenin pathways, and activation of the Foxo1 and p53 transcription factors that lead to the upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Furthermore, both of them are implicated in the regulation of intermediary metabolism. Proteomic analysis showed enhanced lipid metabolism, activation of motor proteins, and loss of mitochondrial electron transport proteins as promoters of cancer in wild-type tumors, inhibited in the hSDC1+/+ livers. These complex mechanisms mimic the characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced human liver cancer successfully delayed by syndecan-1.
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Shi D, Sheng A, Chi L. Glycosaminoglycan-Protein Interactions and Their Roles in Human Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:639666. [PMID: 33768117 PMCID: PMC7985165 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear and negatively charged polysaccharides that exist ubiquitously on the human cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. GAGs interact with a wide range of proteins, including proteases, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, enabling them to mediate many physiological processes, such as protein function, cellular adhesion and signaling. GAG-protein interactions participate in and intervene in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. The breakthrough in analytical tools and approaches during the last two decades has facilitated a greater understanding of the importance of GAG-protein interactions and their roles in human diseases. This review focuses on aspects of the molecular basis and mechanisms of GAG-protein interactions involved in human disease. The most recent advances in analytical tools, especially mass spectrometry-based GAG sequencing and binding motif characterization methods, are introduced. An update of selected families of GAG binding proteins is presented. Perspectives on development of novel therapeutics targeting specific GAG-protein interactions are also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anran Sheng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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Barbosa GO, Biancardi MF, Carvalho HF. Heparan sulfate fine‐tunes stromal‐epithelial communication in the prostate gland. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:618-628. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme O. Barbosa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Manoel F. Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Goiás Goiânia Brazil
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil
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