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Markussen FAF, Cázarez-Márquez F, Melum VJ, Hazlerigg DG, Wood SH. c-fos induction in the choroid plexus, tanycytes and pars tuberalis is an early indicator of spontaneous arousal from torpor in a deep hibernator. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247224. [PMID: 38690647 PMCID: PMC11166454 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hibernation is an extreme state of seasonal energy conservation, reducing metabolic rate to as little as 1% of the active state. During the hibernation season, many species of hibernating mammals cycle repeatedly between the active (aroused) and hibernating (torpid) states (T-A cycling), using brown adipose tissue (BAT) to drive cyclical rewarming. The regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain undefined but are presumed to involve thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. Here, we used the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and high-resolution monitoring of BAT, core body temperature and ventilation rate, to sample at precisely defined phases of the T-A cycle. Using c-fos as a marker of cellular activity, we show that although the dorsomedial hypothalamus is active during torpor entry, neither it nor the pre-optic area shows any significant changes during the earliest stages of spontaneous arousal. Contrastingly, in three non-neuronal sites previously linked to control of metabolic physiology over seasonal and daily time scales - the choroid plexus, pars tuberalis and third ventricle tanycytes - peak c-fos expression is seen at arousal initiation. We suggest that through their sensitivity to factors in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, these sites may mediate metabolic feedback-based initiation of the spontaneous arousal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik A. F. Markussen
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, BFE, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
| | - Fernando Cázarez-Márquez
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, BFE, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
| | - Vebjørn J. Melum
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, BFE, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
| | - David G. Hazlerigg
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, BFE, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
| | - Shona H. Wood
- Arctic Seasonal Timekeeping Initiative (ASTI), Arctic Chronobiology and Physiology,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, BFE, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO-9037, Norway
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2
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Furtado A, Duarte AC, Costa AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA, Gallardo E, Quintela T. Circadian ABCG2 Expression Influences the Brain Uptake of Donepezil across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5014. [PMID: 38732233 PMCID: PMC11084460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Donepezil (DNPZ) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is dependent on membrane transporters such as ABCG2 to actively cross brain barriers and reach its target site of action in the brain. Located in the brain ventricles, the choroid plexus (CP) forms an interface between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the bloodstream, known as the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). Historically, the BCSFB has received little attention as a potential pathway for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Nonetheless, this barrier is presently viewed as a dynamic transport interface that limits the traffic of molecules into and out of the CNS through the presence of membrane transporters, with parallel activity with the BBB. The localization and expression of drug transporters in brain barriers represent a huge obstacle for drug delivery to the brain and a major challenge for the development of therapeutic approaches to CNS disorders. The widespread interest in understanding how circadian clocks modulate many processes that define drug delivery in order to predict the variability in drug safety and efficacy is the next bridge to improve effective treatment. In this context, this study aims at characterizing the circadian expression of ABCG2 and DNPZ circadian transport profile using an in vitro model of the BCSFB. We found that ABCG2 displays a circadian pattern and DNPZ is transported in a circadian way across this barrier. This study will strongly impact on the capacity to modulate the BCSFB in order to control the penetration of DNPZ into the brain and improve therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD according to the time of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universityof Beira Interior, Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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3
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Mineiro R, Albuquerque T, Neves AR, Santos CRA, Costa D, Quintela T. The Role of Biological Rhythms in New Drug Formulations to Cross the Brain Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12541. [PMID: 37628722 PMCID: PMC10454916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For brain protection, the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier limit the traffic of molecules between blood and brain tissue and between blood and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Besides their protective function, brain barriers also limit the passage of therapeutic drugs to the brain, which constitutes a great challenge for the development of therapeutic strategies for brain disorders. This problem has led to the emergence of novel strategies to treat neurological disorders, like the development of nanoformulations to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain. Recently, functional molecular clocks have been identified in the blood-brain barrier and in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In fact, circadian rhythms in physiological functions related to drug disposition were also described in brain barriers. This opens the possibility for chronobiological approaches that aim to use time to improve drug efficacy and safety. The conjugation of nanoformulations with chronobiology for neurological disorders is still unexplored. Facing this, here, we reviewed the circadian rhythms in brain barriers, the nanoformulations studied to deliver drugs to the brain, and the nanoformulations with the potential to be conjugated with a chronobiological approach to therapeutic strategies for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mineiro
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Neves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- UDI-IPG—Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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4
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Fame RM, Kalugin PN, Petrova B, Xu H, Soden PA, Shipley FB, Dani N, Grant B, Pragana A, Head JP, Gupta S, Shannon ML, Chifamba FF, Hawks-Mayer H, Vernon A, Gao F, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Heiman M, Andermann ML, Kanarek N, Lipton JO, Lehtinen MK. Defining diurnal fluctuations in mouse choroid plexus and CSF at high molecular, spatial, and temporal resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3720. [PMID: 37349305 PMCID: PMC10287727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission and secretion of signals via the choroid plexus (ChP) brain barrier can modulate brain states via regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. Here, we developed a platform to analyze diurnal variations in male mouse ChP and CSF. Ribosome profiling of ChP epithelial cells revealed diurnal translatome differences in metabolic machinery, secreted proteins, and barrier components. Using ChP and CSF metabolomics and blood-CSF barrier analyses, we observed diurnal changes in metabolites and cellular junctions. We then focused on transthyretin (TTR), a diurnally regulated thyroid hormone chaperone secreted by the ChP. Diurnal variation in ChP TTR depended on Bmal1 clock gene expression. We achieved real-time tracking of CSF-TTR in awake TtrmNeonGreen mice via multi-day intracerebroventricular fiber photometry. Diurnal changes in ChP and CSF TTR levels correlated with CSF thyroid hormone levels. These datasets highlight an integrated platform for investigating diurnal control of brain states by the ChP and CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul A Soden
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bradford Grant
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aja Pragana
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Suhasini Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fortunate F Chifamba
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Hawks-Mayer
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Vernon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lyterian Therapeutics, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Myriam Heiman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Furtado A, Costa D, Lemos MC, Cavaco JE, Santos CRA, Quintela T. The impact of biological clock and sex hormones on the risk of disease. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:39-81. [PMID: 37709381 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clocks are responsible for defining 24-h cycles of behaviour and physiology that are called circadian rhythms. Several structures and tissues are responsible for generating these circadian rhythms and are named circadian clocks. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is believed to be the master circadian clock receiving light input via the optic nerve and aligning internal rhythms with environmental cues. Studies using both in vivo and in vitro methodologies have reported the relationship between the molecular clock and sex hormones. The circadian system is directly responsible for controlling the synthesis of sex hormones and this synthesis varies according to the time of day and phase of the estrous cycle. Sex hormones also directly interact with the circadian system to regulate circadian gene expression, adjust biological processes, and even adjust their own synthesis. Several diseases have been linked with alterations in either the sex hormone background or the molecular clock. So, in this chapter we aim to summarize the current understanding of the relationship between the circadian system and sex hormones and their combined role in the onset of several related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - J Eduardo Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; UDI-IPG, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
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6
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Skapetze L, Owino S, Lo EH, Arai K, Merrow M, Harrington M. Rhythms in barriers and fluids: Circadian clock regulation in the aging neurovascular unit. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106120. [PMID: 37044366 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is where two very distinct physiological systems meet: The central nervous system (CNS) and the blood. The permeability of the barriers separating these systems is regulated by time, including both the 24 h circadian clock and the longer processes of aging. An endogenous circadian rhythm regulates the transport of molecules across the blood-brain barrier and the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic system. These fluid dynamics change with time of day, and with age, and especially in the context of neurodegeneration. Factors may differ depending on brain region, as can be highlighted by consideration of circadian regulation of the neurovascular niche in white matter. As an example of a potential target for clinical applications, we highlight chaperone-mediated autophagy as one mechanism at the intersection of circadian dysregulation, aging and neurodegenerative disease. In this review we emphasize key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Skapetze
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharon Owino
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mary Harrington
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01060, United States of America.
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Furtado A, Esgalhado AJ, Duarte AC, Costa AR, Costa-Brito AR, Carro E, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Schwerk C, Gonçalves I, Arosa FA, Santos CRA, Quintela T. Circadian rhythmicity of amyloid-beta-related molecules is disrupted in the choroid plexus of a female Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:524-540. [PMID: 36583371 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is part of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and was recently described as an important component of the circadian clock system. It is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and responsible for the synthesis and secretion of various neuroprotective peptides including those involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) transport/degradation, contributing to Aβ homeostasis. Inadequate Aβ metabolic clearance and transport across the BCSFB have been associated with circadian dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To investigate whether AD pathology influences Aβ scavengers circadian expression, we collected CP at different time points from an AD mouse model (APP/PS1) (female and male animals, aged 6- and 12-months-old) and analyzed their mRNA expression by Real-time RT-PCR. Only angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace) expression in 6-month-old female wild-type mice and transthyretin (Ttr) expression in 12-month-old female wild-type mice presented significant rhythmicity. The circadian rhythmicity of Ace and Ttr, prompt us to analyze the involvement of circadian rhythm in Aβ uptake. A human CP papilloma (HIBCPP) cell line was incubated with Aβ-488 and uptake was evaluated at different time points using flow cytometry. Aβ uptake displayed circadian rhythmicity. Our results suggest that AD might affect Aβ scavengers rhythmicity and that Aβ clearance is a rhythmic process possibly regulated by the rhythmic expression of Aβ scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,UDI-IPG- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eva Carro
- Networked Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Childrens Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Childrens Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,UDI-IPG- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
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8
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Novakova Martinkova J, Ferretti MT, Ferrari A, Lerch O, Matuskova V, Secnik J, Hort J. Longitudinal progression of choroid plexus enlargement is associated with female sex, cognitive decline and ApoE E4 homozygote status. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1039239. [PMID: 36970283 PMCID: PMC10031049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1039239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Choroid plexus (CP)-related mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this pilot study, we aimed to elucidate the association between longitudinal changes in CP volume, sex and cognitive impairment. Methods We assessed longitudinal changes in CP volume in a cohort of n = 613 subjects across n = 2,334 datapoints from ADNI 2 and ADNI-GO, belonging to cognitively unimpaired (CN), stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI), clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) or convertor (to either AD or MCI) subgroups. CP volume was automatically segmented and used as a response variable in linear mixed effect models with random intercept clustered by patient identity. Temporal effects of select variables were assessed by interactions and subgroup analyses. Results We found an overall significant increase of CP volume in time (14.92 mm3 per year, 95% confidence interval, CI (11.05, 18.77), p < 0.001). Sex-disaggregated results showed an annual rate of increase 9.48 mm3 in males [95% CI (4.08, 14.87), p < 0.001], and 20.43 mm3 in females [95% CI (14.91, 25.93), p < 0.001], indicating more than double the rate of increase in females, which appeared independent of other temporal variables. The only diagnostic group with a significant CP increase as compared to CN was the convertors group, with an increase of 24.88 mm3/year [95% CI (14, 35.82), p < 0.001]. ApoE exhibited a significant temporal effect, with the E4 homozygote group's CP increasing at more than triple the rate of non-carrier or heterozygote groups [40.72, 95% CI (25.97, 55.46), p < 0.001 vs. 12.52, 95% CI (8.02, 17.02), p < 0.001 for ApoE E4 homozygotes and E4 non-carriers, respectively], and may have modified the diagnostic group relationship. Conclusion Our results contribute to potential mechanisms for sex differences in cognitive impairment with a novel finding of twice the annual choroid plexus enlargement in females and provide putative support for CP-related mechanisms of cognitive deterioration and its relationship to ApoE E4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Novakova Martinkova
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ondrej Lerch
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Secnik
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jakub Hort
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Saunders NR, Dziegielewska KM, Fame RM, Lehtinen MK, Liddelow SA. The choroid plexus: a missing link in our understanding of brain development and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:919-956. [PMID: 36173801 PMCID: PMC9678431 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00060.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the choroid plexus lag behind those of the more widely known blood-brain barrier, despite a much longer history. This review has two overall aims. The first is to outline long-standing areas of research where there are unanswered questions, such as control of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and blood flow. The second aim is to review research over the past 10 years where the focus has shifted to the idea that there are choroid plexuses located in each of the brain's ventricles that make specific contributions to brain development and function through molecules they generate for delivery via the CSF. These factors appear to be particularly important for aspects of normal brain growth. Most research carried out during the twentieth century dealt with the choroid plexus, a brain barrier interface making critical contributions to the composition and stability of the brain's internal environment throughout life. More recent research in the twenty-first century has shown the importance of choroid plexus-generated CSF in neurogenesis, influence of sex and other hormones on choroid plexus function, and choroid plexus involvement in circadian rhythms and sleep. The advancement of technologies to facilitate delivery of brain-specific therapies via the CSF to treat neurological disorders is a rapidly growing area of research. Conversely, understanding the basic mechanisms and implications of how maternal drug exposure during pregnancy impacts the developing brain represents another key area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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10
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Sehar U, Rawat P, Reddy AP, Kopel J, Reddy PH. Amyloid Beta in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12924. [PMID: 36361714 PMCID: PMC9655207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects behavior, thinking, learning, and memory in elderly individuals. AD occurs in two forms, early onset familial and late-onset sporadic; genetic mutations in PS1, PS2, and APP genes cause early onset familial AD, and a combination of lifestyle, environment and genetic factors causes the late-onset sporadic form of the disease. However, accelerated disease progression is noticed in patients with familial AD. Disease-causing pathological changes are synaptic damage, and mitochondrial structural and functional changes, in addition to increased production and accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ) in the affected brain regions in AD patients. Aβ is a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by proteolytic cleavage of beta and gamma secretases. APP is a glycoprotein that plays a significant role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis like signaling, neuronal development, and intracellular transport. Aβ is reported to have both protective and toxic effects in neurons. The purpose of our article is to summarize recent developments of Aβ and its association with synapses, mitochondria, microglia, astrocytes, and its interaction with p-tau. Our article also covers the therapeutic strategies that reduce Aβ toxicities in disease progression and discusses the reasons for the failures of Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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11
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Harrington YA, Parisi JM, Duan D, Rojo-Wissar DM, Holingue C, Spira AP. Sex Hormones, Sleep, and Memory: Interrelationships Across the Adult Female Lifespan. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:800278. [PMID: 35912083 PMCID: PMC9331168 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.800278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population of older adults grows, so will the prevalence of aging-related conditions, including memory impairments and sleep disturbances, both of which are more common among women. Compared to older men, older women are up to twice as likely to experience sleep disturbances and are at a higher risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). These sex differences may be attributed in part to fluctuations in levels of female sex hormones (i.e., estrogen and progesterone) that occur across the adult female lifespan. Though women tend to experience the most significant sleep and memory problems during the peri-menopausal period, changes in memory and sleep have also been observed across the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Here, we review current knowledge on the interrelationships among female sex hormones, sleep, and memory across the female lifespan, propose possible mediating and moderating mechanisms linking these variables and describe implications for ADRD risk in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A. Harrington
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeanine M. Parisi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar
- The Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Christensen J, Li C, Mychasiuk R. Choroid plexus function in neurological homeostasis and disorders: The awakening of the circadian clocks and orexins. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1163-1175. [PMID: 35296175 PMCID: PMC9207490 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221082786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As research regarding the role of circadian rhythms, sleep, and the orexinergic system in neurodegenerative diseases is growing, it is surprising that the choroid plexus (CP) remains underappreciated in this realm. Despite its extensive role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and orexinergic signalling, as well as acting as the primary conduit between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the circulatory system, providing a mechanism by which toxic waste molecules can be removed from the brain, the CP has been largely unexplored in neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore the role of the CP in maintaining brain homeostasis and circadian rhythms, regulating CSF dynamics, and how these functions change across the lifespan, from development to senescence. In addition, we examine the relationship between the CP, orexinergic signalling, and the glymphatic system, highlighting gaps in the literature and areas that require immediate exploration. Finally, we assess current knowledge, including possible therapeutic strategies, regarding the role of the CP in neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennaya Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Xu H, Miyajima M, Nakajima M, Ogino I, Kawamura K, Akiba C, Kamohara C, Sakamoto K, Karagiozov K, Nakamura E, Tada N, Arai H, Kondo A. Ptpn20 deletion in H-Tx rats enhances phosphorylation of the NKCC1 cotransporter in the choroid plexus: an evidence of genetic risk for hydrocephalus in an experimental study. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35658898 PMCID: PMC9164390 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus occurs with some inheritable characteristics, but the mechanisms of its development remain poorly understood. Animal models provide the opportunity to identify potential genetic causes in this condition. The Hydrocephalus-Texas (H-Tx) rat strain is one of the most studied animal models for investigating the causative genetic alterations and analyzing downstream pathogenetic mechanisms of congenital hydrocephalus. METHODS Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array on non-hydrocephalic and hydrocephalic H-Tx rats was used to identify causative genes of hydrocephalus. Targeted gene knockout mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to study the role of this gene in hydrocephalus. RESULTS CGH array revealed a copy number loss in chromosome 16p16 region in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats at 18 days gestation, encompassing the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 20 (Ptpn20), a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase, without change in most non-hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. Ptpn20-knockout (Ptpn20-/-) mice were generated and found to develop ventriculomegaly at 8 weeks. Furthermore, high expression of phosphorylated Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (pNKCC1) was identified in the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium of mice lacking Ptpn20 from 8 weeks until 72 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This study determined the chromosomal location of the hydrocephalus-associated Ptpn20 gene in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. The high level of pNKCC1 mediated by Ptpn20 deletion in CP epithelium may cause overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid and contribute to the formation of hydrocephalus in Ptpn20-/- mice. Ptpn20 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan.
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaito Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, 3-3-20 Shinsuna, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kamohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kostadin Karagiozov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Department of Genetic Analysis Model Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tada
- Department of Genetic Analysis Model Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Furtado A, Mineiro R, Duarte AC, Gonçalves I, Santos CR, Quintela T. The Daily Expression of ABCC4 at the BCSFB Affects the Transport of Its Substrate Methotrexate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052443. [PMID: 35269592 PMCID: PMC8909972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexuses (CPs), located in the brain ventricles, form an interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid named the blood-cerebrospinal barrier, which, by the presence of tight junctions, detoxification enzymes, and membrane transporters, limits the traffic of molecules into the central nervous system. It has already been shown that sex hormones regulate several CP functions, including the oscillations of its clock genes. However, it is less explored how the circadian rhythm regulates CP functions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sex hormones and circadian rhythms on the function of CP membrane transporters. The 24 h transcription profiles of the membrane transporters rAbca1, rAbcb1, rAbcc1, rAbcc4, rAbcg2, rAbcg4, and rOat3 were characterized in the CPs of intact male, intact female, sham-operated female, and gonadectomized rats. We found that rAbcc1 is expressed in a circadian way in the CPs of intact male rats, rAbcg2 in the CPs of intact female rats, and both rAbcc4 and rOat3 mRNA levels were expressed in a circadian way in the CPs of intact male and female rats. Next, using an in vitro model of the human blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, we also found that methotrexate (MTX) is transported in a circadian way across this barrier. The circadian pattern of Abcc4 found in the human CP epithelial papilloma cells might be partially responsible for MTX circadian transport across the basal membrane of CP epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Rafael Mineiro
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Cecília R. Santos
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.F.); (R.M.); (A.C.D.); (I.G.); (C.R.S.)
- UDI-IPG—Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gião T, Teixeira T, Almeida MR, Cardoso I. Choroid Plexus in Alzheimer’s Disease—The Current State of Knowledge. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020224. [PMID: 35203434 PMCID: PMC8869376 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP), located in each of the four ventricles of the brain, is formed by a monolayer of epithelial cells that surrounds a highly vascularized connective tissue with permeable capillaries. These cells are joined by tight junctions forming the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which strictly regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The primary purpose of the CP is to secrete CSF, but it also plays a role in the immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the removal of neurotoxic compounds from the CSF. According to recent findings, the CP is also involved in the modulation of the circadian cycle and neurogenesis. In diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the function of the CP is impaired, resulting in an altered secretory, barrier, transport, and immune function. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning the roles of the CP and BCSFB in the pathophysiology of AD and summarizes recently proposed therapies that aim to restore CP and BCSFB functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gião
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (I.C.)
| | - Tiago Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (T.T.); (M.R.A.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (I.C.)
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Abstract
Endogenous biological clocks, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, time the circadian rhythms that synchronize physiological and behavioural functions in humans. The circadian system influences most physiological processes, including sleep, alertness and cognitive performance. Disruption of circadian homeostasis has deleterious effects on human health. Neurodegenerative disorders involve a wide range of symptoms, many of which exhibit diurnal variations in frequency and intensity. These disorders also disrupt circadian homeostasis, which in turn has negative effects on symptoms and quality of life. Emerging evidence points to a bidirectional relationship between circadian homeostasis and neurodegeneration, suggesting that circadian function might have an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the circadian system has become an attractive target for research and clinical care innovations. Studying circadian disruption in neurodegenerative disorders could expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and facilitate the development of novel, circadian-based interventions for these disabling disorders. In this Review, we discuss the alterations to the circadian system that occur in movement (Parkinson disease and Huntington disease) and cognitive (Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia) neurodegenerative disorders and provide directions for future investigations in this field.
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