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Ariyeloye S, Kämmerer S, Klapproth E, Wielockx B, El-Armouche A. Intertwined regulators: hypoxia pathway proteins, microRNAs, and phosphodiesterases in the control of steroidogenesis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1383-1398. [PMID: 38355819 PMCID: PMC11310285 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen sensing is of paramount importance for maintaining cellular and systemic homeostasis. In response to diminished oxygen levels, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate various biological processes. These pivotal transcription factors have been identified as key regulators of several biological events. Notably, extensive research from our group and others has demonstrated that HIF1α exerts an inverse regulatory effect on steroidogenesis, leading to the suppression of crucial steroidogenic enzyme expression and a subsequent decrease in steroid levels. These steroid hormones occupy pivotal roles in governing a myriad of physiological processes. Substantial or prolonged fluctuations in steroid levels carry detrimental consequences across multiple organ systems and underlie various pathological conditions, including metabolic and immune disorders. MicroRNAs serve as potent mediators of multifaceted gene regulatory mechanisms, acting as influential epigenetic regulators that modulate a broad spectrum of gene expressions. Concomitantly, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a crucial role in governing signal transduction. PDEs meticulously manage intracellular levels of both cAMP and cGMP, along with their respective signaling pathways and downstream targets. Intriguingly, an intricate interplay seems to exist between hypoxia signaling, microRNAs, and PDEs in the regulation of steroidogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the role of microRNAs during hypoxia-driven processes, including steroidogenesis, as well as the possibilities that exist in the application of HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors for the modulation of steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ariyeloye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Chand Dakal T, Choudhary K, Tiwari I, Yadav V, Kumar Maurya P, Kumar Sharma N. Unraveling the Triad: Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 552:126-141. [PMID: 38936458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain's complete dependence on oxygen for ATP production makes it highly susceptible to hypoxia, at high altitudes or in clinical scenarios including anemia or pulmonary disease. Hypoxia plays a crucial role in the development of various brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, a decrease in environmental oxygen levels, such as prolonged stays at high elevations, may have beneficial impacts on the process of ageing and the likelihood of death. Additionally, the utilization of controlled hypoxia exposure could potentially serve as a therapeutic approach for age-related brain diseases. Recent findings indicate that the involvement of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome is of significant importance in the development of Alzheimer's disease. HIF-1α serves as a pivotal controller of various cellular reactions to oxygen deprivation, exerting influence on a multitude of physiological mechanisms such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the innate immune system by coordinating the initiation of inflammatory reactions through the assembly of the inflammasome complex. This review examines the information pertaining to the contrasting effects of hypoxia on the brain, highlighting both its positive and deleterious effects and molecular pathways that are involved in mediating these different effects. This study explores potential strategies for therapeutic intervention that focus on restoring cellular balance and reducing neuroinflammation, which are critical aspects in addressing this severe neurodegenerative condition and addresses crucial inquiries that warrant further future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kanika Choudhary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isha Tiwari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India.
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Zhang LG, Ma XJ, Li XY. Case report: Roxadustat overdose in an anemia patient of chronic kidney disease: insight beyond insignificant consequence. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 4:1413496. [PMID: 39155928 PMCID: PMC11327132 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2024.1413496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A 71-year-old man with a 20-year history of grade 3 hypertension experienced kidney dysfunction 2 years earlier. His serum creatinine (SCr) at the time was 140 μmol/L [with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 43.9 ml/min per 1.73m2], for which he received irbesartan since. At initial presentation, the spot urine dipstick protein was 1+, with an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 230 mg/g (0-30) and normal urine sediments. The SCr was 176 μmol/L (eGFR = 32.8 ml/min per 1.73m2). The hemoglobulin (Hb) level decreased from 102 to 96 g/L despite oral ferrous succinate 100 mg twice daily starting 2 months ago. Roxadustat (ROXA) 50 mg (body weight, 70 kg) three times weekly was then prescribed. Unfortunately, the patient mistakenly took the drug at 50 mg three times a day (i.e., 1,050 mg instead of the intended 150 mg per week), which was 3.5 times the recommended starting dose for non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (100 mg three times weekly for body weight >60 kg) and two times the highest drug manual-recommended weekly dose (2.5 mg/kg three times weekly) approved in the country. When the attending nephrologist discovered the misuse 1 month later, the patient reported no apparent discomfort, and his home blood pressure was in the range 110-130/60-80 mmHg. Repeat blood tests showed that the Hb increased from 96 to 163 g/L and the SCr from 199 to 201 μmol/L in a month. The serum alanine transaminase (ALT) remained within the normal range (from 12 U/L at baseline to 20 U/L), while the serum total and indirect bilirubin levels were slightly elevated. ROXA was withheld immediately. In 30 days, the serum bilirubin returned to baseline, but the Hb decreased from 163 to 140 g/L, and then to 108 g/L after 3 months. On the other hand, the SCr increased from 179 to 203 μmol/L. At 9 months after the initial dosing, when the SCr increased to 256 μmol/L and the Hb decreased to 94 g/L again, ROXA 50 mg three times weekly was reinitiated uneventfully. Herein, by introducing a case who erroneously consumed twice the highest recommended dose of ROXA for a month, but had apparently no obvious discomfort or unfavorable consequence, we attempt to provide a brief overview of the mechanism of action, characteristics, drug metabolism, and side effect profile associated with this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Gunage R, Zon LI. Role of RNA modifications in blood development and regeneration. Exp Hematol 2024:104279. [PMID: 39009277 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Blood development and regeneration require rapid turnover of cells, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications play a key role in it via regulating stemness and cell fate regulation. RNA modifications affect gene activity via posttranscriptional and translation-mediated mechanisms. Diverse molecular players involved in RNA-modification processes are abundantly expressed by hematopoietic stem cells and lineages. Close to 150 RNA chemical modifications have been reported, but only N6-methyl adenosine (m6A), inosine (I), pseudouridine (Ψ), and m1A-a handful-have been studied in-cell fate regulation. The role of RNA modification in blood diseases and disorders is an emerging field and offers potential for therapeutic interventions. Knowledge of RNA-modification and enzymatic activities could be used to design therapies in the future. Here, we summarized the recent advances in RNA modification and the epitranscriptome field and discussed their regulation of blood development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gunage
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA.
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Hassan AF, Gharib AF, Hagag HM, Ismail KA, Omran OM, Elamin EM, Atteia HH. Restoration of renal hemodynamics and functions by Nigella sativa administration in dinitrophenol-induced hypoxia in rat's animal model. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:22-31. [PMID: 38974646 PMCID: PMC11226942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypoxia is one of the principal causes of renal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa on dinitrophenol (DNP)-induced hypoxia renal damage in rats. Methods Forty adult male rats were incorporated in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: control group, N. sativa group, DNP hypoxic group, and DNP + N. sativa group receiving N. sativa (400 mg/kg body weight). Serum and renal tissue erythropoietin (EPO) hormone and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) levels were measured. Renal oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers, renal hemodynamics, and histopathological examination were evaluated. Results Administration of N. sativa highly significantly normalized serum EPO level, HIF-2α (P < 0.001 for each) in DNP + N. sativa treated rats as compared to DNP hypoxic rats. Furthermore, it highly significantly improved renal oxidative stress evident by decreased renal tissues malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase, total thiol, and catalase activity (P < 0.001 for each). Furthermore, a highly significant decline of renal intercellular adhesion molecule-1, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin-6 was observed in DNP + N. sativa rats (P < 0.001 for each). Improvements in renal hemodynamics and kidney functions were also found after N. sativa administration (with P < 0.001 for all parameters). In addition, N. sativa treatment reduced renal histopathological changes of the DNP + N. sativa group. Our results were statistically analyzed using the Prism software package (GraphPad version 8.0). Conclusion N. sativa has an alleviating effect on DNP-induced hypoxia renal damage and can restore kidney functions in rats' animal models. These effects were through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hemodynamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F. Hassan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Howaida M. Hagag
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azer University, Naser City, Cario, Egypt
| | - Khadiga A. Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola M. Omran
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enshrah Modathir Elamin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
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Amin N, Abbasi IN, Wu F, Shi Z, Sundus J, Badry A, Yuan X, Zhao BX, Pan J, Mi XD, Luo Y, Geng Y, Fang M. The Janus face of HIF-1α in ischemic stroke and the possible associated pathways. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105747. [PMID: 38657682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is the most devastating disease, causing paralysis and eventually death. Many clinical and experimental trials have been done in search of a new safe and efficient medicine; nevertheless, scientists have yet to discover successful remedies that are also free of adverse effects. This is owing to the variability in intensity, localization, medication routes, and each patient's immune system reaction. HIF-1α represents the modern tool employed to treat stroke diseases due to its functions: downstream genes such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. Its role can be achieved via two downstream EPO and VEGF strongly related to apoptosis and antioxidant processes. Recently, scientists paid more attention to drugs dealing with the HIF-1 pathway. This review focuses on medicines used for ischemia treatment and their potential HIF-1α pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the interaction between HIF-1α and other biological pathways such as oxidative stress; however, a spotlight has been focused on certain potential signalling contributed to the HIF-1α pathway. HIF-1α is an essential regulator of oxygen balance within cells which affects and controls the expression of thousands of genes related to sustaining homeostasis as oxygen levels fluctuate. HIF-1α's role in ischemic stroke strongly depends on the duration and severity of brain damage after onset. HIF-1α remains difficult to investigate, particularly in ischemic stroke, due to alterations in the acute and chronic phases of the disease, as well as discrepancies between the penumbra and ischemic core. This review emphasizes these contrasts and analyzes the future of this intriguing and demanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irum Naz Abbasi
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Javaria Sundus
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azhar Badry
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Mi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Anyona SB, Cheng Q, Wasena SA, Osata SW, Guo Y, Raballah E, Hurwitz I, Onyango CO, Ouma C, Seidenberg PD, McMahon BH, Lambert CG, Schneider KA, Perkins DJ. Entire expressed peripheral blood transcriptome in pediatric severe malarial anemia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5037. [PMID: 38866743 PMCID: PMC11169501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study on severe malarial anemia (SMA: Hb < 6.0 g/dL), a leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, compares the entire expressed whole blood host transcriptome between Kenyan children (3-48 mos.) with non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL, n = 39) and SMA (n = 18). Differential expression analyses reveal 1403 up-regulated and 279 down-regulated transcripts in SMA, signifying impairments in host inflammasome activation, cell death, and innate immune and cellular stress responses. Immune cell profiling shows decreased memory responses, antigen presentation, and immediate pathogen clearance, suggesting an immature/improperly regulated immune response in SMA. Module repertoire analysis of blood-specific gene signatures identifies up-regulation of erythroid genes, enhanced neutrophil activation, and impaired inflammatory responses in SMA. Enrichment analyses converge on disruptions in cellular homeostasis and regulatory pathways for the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and heme metabolism. Pathway analyses highlight activation in response to hypoxic conditions [Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 target and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signaling] as a central theme in SMA. These signaling pathways are also top-ranking in protein abundance measures and a Ugandan SMA cohort with available transcriptomic data. Targeted RNA-Seq validation shows strong concordance with our entire expressed transcriptome data. These findings identify key molecular themes in SMA pathogenesis, offering potential targets for new malaria therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Anyona
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Maseno, 40105, Kenya.
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya.
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Sharley A Wasena
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, 40105, Kenya
| | - Shamim W Osata
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, 33136, USA
| | - Evans Raballah
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Clinton O Onyango
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, 40105, Kenya
| | - Collins Ouma
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, 40105, Kenya
| | - Philip D Seidenberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Benjamin H McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Kristan A Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Informatics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
- Department Applied Computer and Bio-Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, 09648, Germany
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- University of New Mexico-Kenya Global Health Programs, Kisumu and Siaya, 40100, Kenya.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
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Fu J, Lin J, Dai Z, Lin B, Zhang J. Hypoxia-associated autophagy flux dysregulation in human cancers. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216823. [PMID: 38521197 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A general feature of cancer is hypoxia, determined as low oxygen levels. Low oxygen levels may cause cells to alter in ways that contribute to tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Hypoxia leads to variations in cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, a hypoxic tumor microenvironment might induce immunosuppression. Moreover, hypoxia has the potential to impact cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy refers to the catabolic process by which damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules are broken down. The abnormal activation of autophagy has been extensively recorded in human tumors and it serves as a regulator of cell growth, spread to other parts of the body, and resistance to treatment. There is a correlation between hypoxia and autophagy in human malignancies. Hypoxia can regulate the activity of AMPK, mTOR, Beclin-1, and ATGs to govern autophagy in human malignancies. Furthermore, HIF-1α, serving as an indicator of low oxygen levels, controls the process of autophagy. Hypoxia-induced autophagy has a crucial role in regulating the growth, spread, and resistance to treatment in human malignancies. Hypoxia-induced regulation of autophagy can impact other mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis. Chemoresistance and radioresistance have become significant challenges in recent years. Hypoxia-mediated autophagy plays a crucial role in determining the response to these therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiding Fu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Baisheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, China.
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Larkin J, Hymes J, Britton ML, Oluwatosin Y, Nolen J, Zhu L, Silva A. A phase 3b, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study of roxadustat within a US dialysis organization: The DENALI study. Hemodial Int 2024; 28:59-71. [PMID: 37875459 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved in several regions for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). DENALI, a phase 3b study, evaluated the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat in patients with anemia of CKD receiving in-center or home dialysis. METHODS Eligible patients received open-label roxadustat, dosed three times weekly for 24 weeks, with an optional extension of ≤1 year. Initial dosing depended on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) dose at screening for patients receiving ESAs (≥6 weeks) and weight-based for those not (total <6 weeks). Primary efficacy endpoints were proportion of patients with mean hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10.0 g/dL averaged over Weeks 16-24, and mean Hb change from baseline to the average during Weeks 16-24. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs) were assessed. FINDINGS Of 281 patients screened, 203 were treated and 201 included in the full analysis set. Overall, 166 patients completed the 24-week treatment period and 126 continued into the extension period. Mean baseline Hb was 10.4 g/dL and 82.6% received in-center hemodialysis. Overall, 84.6% of patients achieved a mean Hb ≥ 10.0 g/dL averaged Weeks 16-24. Mean (standard deviation) Hb change from baseline averaged Weeks 16-24 was 0.5 (1.0) g/dL. Prespecified subgroup analyses were consistent with primary analyses. Dosing adherence was 94%. Overall, 3.0% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion at up to Week 24. TEAEs and TESAEs were reported by 71.4% and 25.6% of patients, respectively. The most frequently reported TESAEs were COVID-19 (n = 5; 2.5%), and acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and sepsis (each n = 4; 2.0%). DISCUSSION Roxadustat effectively achieved and/or maintained mean Hb levels ≥10.0 g/dL in patients receiving dialysis. The feasibility of incorporating oral roxadustat into dialysis organizations was successfully demonstrated with high dosing adherence. No new safety signals were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Larkin
- Fresenius Medical Care, Global Medical Office, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hymes
- Fresenius Medical Care, Global Medical Office, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcus L Britton
- Nephrology & Hypertension Associates Ltd, Tupelo, Mississippi, USA
| | | | | | - Lixia Zhu
- FibroGen, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arnold Silva
- Deparmentt of Nephrology, Boise Kidney & Hypertension Institute, Meridian, Idaho, USA
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10
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Shi X, Gao F, Zhao X, Pei C, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li C, Li L, Kong X. Role of HIF in fish inflammation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109222. [PMID: 37956798 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF) is a central transcription factor in cellular oxygen sensing and regulation. It is common that the inflammation always appears in many diseases, like infectious diseases in fishes, and the inflammation is often accompanied by hypoxia, as a hallmark of inflammation. Besides coordinating cellular responses to low oxygen, HIF-mediated hypoxia signaling pathway is also crucial for immune responses such as the regulations of innate immune cell phenotype and function, as well as metabolic reprogramming under the inflammation. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which HIFs regulate the inflammatory response in fish is still very limited. Here, we review the characteristics of HIF as well as its roles in innate immune cells and the infections caused by bacteria and viruses. The regulatory effects of HIF on the metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells are also discussed and the future research directions are outlooked. This paper will serve as a reference for elucidating the molecular mechanism of HIF regulating inflammation and identifying treatment strategies to target HIF for fish disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China; Sanquan Medical College, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China.
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11
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Rosiewicz KS, Muinjonov B, Kunz S, Radbruch H, Chen J, Jüttner R, Kerkering J, Ucar J, Crowley T, Wielockx B, Paul F, Alisch M, Siffrin V. HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2/3 deletion disrupts astrocytic integrity and exacerbates neuroinflammation. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37140003 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes constitute the parenchymal border of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), modulate the exchange of soluble and cellular elements, and are essential for neuronal metabolic support. Thus, astrocytes critically influence neuronal network integrity. In hypoxia, astrocytes upregulate a transcriptional program that has been shown to boost neuroprotection in several models of neurological diseases. We investigated transgenic mice with astrocyte-specific activation of the hypoxia-response program by deleting the oxygen sensors, HIF prolyl-hydroxylase domains 2 and 3 (Phd2/3). We induced astrocytic Phd2/3 deletion after onset of clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that led to an exacerbation of the disease mediated by massive immune cell infiltration. We found that Phd2/3-ko astrocytes, though expressing a neuroprotective signature, exhibited a gradual loss of gap-junctional Connexin-43 (Cx43), which was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (Vegf-a) expression. These results provide mechanistic insights into astrocyte biology, their critical role in hypoxic states, and in chronic inflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Sebastian Rosiewicz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bakhrom Muinjonov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessy Chen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin., Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jüttner
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Kerkering
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ucar
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tadhg Crowley
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden., Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlen Alisch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center or Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin., Berlin, Germany
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12
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Patel S, Mohapatra E, Suganthy AK, Shah S, Abraham J, Nanda R, Behera AK, Gupta A. A pilot study to evaluate the changes in venous blood gas parameters and hypoxia biomarkers in health care workers using different kinds of masks. Lung India 2023; 40:134-142. [PMID: 37006097 PMCID: PMC10174648 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_343_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study is aimed to investigate the metabolic alterations and changes in biochemical parameters associated with extended mask. Methods It was a prospective comparative study conducted on 129 participants comprised of 37 healthy controls and 92 health care workers using different kind of masks like, cloth mask, surgical masks and N95-FFR/PPE. Two samples on day-1 and day-10 were collected for analysis of blood gas parameters, serum hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), and erythropoietin (EPO). Results Oxygen saturation percentage (sO2) of 72.68 (P = 0.033) was significantly low, whereas, Na+ (P = 0.05) and Ca2+ (P < 0.001) were raised in exposed individuals than the healthy controls. The serum HIF-α level of 3.26 ng/mL, was considerable higher in the exposed individuals than controls (P = 0.001). pO2 and sO2 were the lowest and HIF-α and EPO were raised in N95-FFR/PPE of all mask users (P < 0.01). A significant difference was evidenced for pCO2, pH, Na+, Ca2+, and EPO in the exposed group. A positive correlation between the duration of mask use (in hours) with HIF-α (r = 0.247, P = 0.005) and Ca2+ (r = 0.306, P < 0.001) was observed. The major complaints in N95-FFR/PPE users were headache (15.2%) and polydipsia (33.3%). Conclusion The study findings depicted a significant metabolic alterations in PPE/N95 users which could be due to chronic hypoxic exposure of the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprava Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Eli Mohapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Asha K. Suganthy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Seema Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jessy Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachita Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajoy K. Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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13
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Harlow CE, Patel VV, Waterworth DM, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Ruth KS, Tyrrell J, Oguro-Ando A, Chu AY, Frayling TM. Genetically proxied therapeutic prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition and cardiovascular risk. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:496-505. [PMID: 36048866 PMCID: PMC9851745 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are in clinical development for anaemia in chronic kidney disease. Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding safety of long-term therapeutic haemoglobin (Hgb) rises through PHD inhibition on risk of cardiovascular disease. Genetic variation in genes encoding PHDs can be used as partial proxies to investigate the potential effects of long-term Hgb rises. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the effect of long-term Hgb level rises through genetically proxied PHD inhibition on coronary artery disease (CAD: 60 801 cases; 123 504 controls), myocardial infarction (MI: 42 561 cases; 123 504 controls) or stroke (40 585 cases; 406 111 controls). To further characterize long-term effects of Hgb level rises, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in up to 451 099 UK Biobank individuals. Genetically proxied therapeutic PHD inhibition, equivalent to a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb levels, was not associated (at P < 0.05) with increased odds of CAD; odd ratio (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] = 1.06 (0.84, 1.35), MI [OR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.79, 1.33)] or stroke [OR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.66, 1.24)]. PheWAS revealed associations with blood related phenotypes consistent with EGLN's role, relevant kidney- and liver-related biomarkers like estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 5.42E-05) but these were not clinically meaningful. These findings suggest that long-term alterations in Hgb through PHD inhibition are unlikely to substantially increase cardiovascular disease risk; using large disease genome-wide association study data, we could exclude ORs of 1.35 for cardiovascular risk with a 1.00 g/dl increase in Hgb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charli E Harlow
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Vickas V Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.,Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dawn M Waterworth
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.,Immunology Translational Sciences, Janssen, Spring House, PA 19044, USA
| | - Andrew R Wood
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Frayling
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
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14
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Liu G, Feng Y, Li J, Deng T, Yin A, Yan L, Zheng M, Xiong Y, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang C, Huang H, Wan T, Huang Q, Lin A, Jiang J, Kong B, Liu J. A novel combination of niraparib and anlotinib in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Efficacy and safety results from the phase II, multi-center ANNIE study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101767. [PMID: 36583171 PMCID: PMC9793276 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) face poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Single-agent antiangiogenics and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors both show some activities in platinum-resistant diseases. The ANNIE study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of the PARP inhibitor niraparib and the antiangiogenic anlotinib in patients with PROC. METHODS ANNIE is a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04376073) conducted at three hospitals in China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer that recurred within 6 months of last platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients with prior PARP inhibitor exposure were excluded. The enrolled patients received oral niraparib 200 mg or 300 mg (baseline body weight-directed) once daily continuously and anlotinib 10 mg (12 mg before protocol amendment) once daily on days 1-14 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). FINDINGS Between May 22, 2020, and April 22, 2021, 40 patients were enrolled and treated. Thirty-six patients underwent post-baseline tumour assessments. By data cut-off (January 31, 2022), median follow-up was 15.4 months (95% CI 12.6-17.7). Intention-to-treat ORR was 50.0% (95% CI 33.8-66.2), including one complete response and 19 partial responses. Median (95% CI) progression-free survival and overall survival were 9.2 months (7.4-11.9) and 15.3 months (13.9-not evaluable), respectively. Drug-related, grade ≥3 TEAEs were reported in 26 (68%) patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Niraparib plus anlotinib showed promising antitumour activity in patients with PROC. This oral combination warrants further investigation as a potential novel, convenient treatment option for patients with PROC. FUNDING Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd; Jiangsu Chia Tai-Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82102783).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochen Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Aijun Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jundong Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongwen Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chuyao Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - He Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qidan Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - An Lin
- Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, No. 91, Fengpanma Road, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Corresponding author. 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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15
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Li J, Quan C, He YL, Cao Y, Chen Y, Wang YF, Wu LY. Autophagy regulated by the HIF/REDD1/mTORC1 signaling is progressively increased during erythroid differentiation under hypoxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896893. [PMID: 36092719 PMCID: PMC9448881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), hypoxia is a specific microenvironment known as the hypoxic niche. How hypoxia regulates erythroid differentiation of HSPCs remains unclear. In this study, we show that hypoxia evidently accelerates erythroid differentiation, and autophagy plays a pivotal role in this process. We further determine that mTORC1 signaling is suppressed by hypoxia to relieve its inhibition of autophagy, and with the process of erythroid differentiation, mTORC1 activity gradually decreases and autophagy activity increases accordingly. Moreover, we provide evidence that the HIF-1 target gene REDD1 is upregulated to suppress mTORC1 signaling and enhance autophagy, thereby promoting erythroid differentiation under hypoxia. Together, our study identifies that the enhanced autophagy by hypoxia favors erythroid maturation and elucidates a new regulatory pattern whereby autophagy is progressively increased during erythroid differentiation, which is driven by the HIF-1/REDD1/mTORC1 signaling in a hypoxic niche.
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16
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Zheng R, Yan Y, Pu J, Zhang B. Physiological and Pathological Functions of Neuronal Hemoglobin: A Key Underappreciated Protein in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169088. [PMID: 36012351 PMCID: PMC9408843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Hemoglobin (Hb) is not restricted to erythrocytes but is also present in neurons. Hb is selectively enriched in vulnerable mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of Parkinson's disease (PD) instead of resistant neurons. Controversial results of neuronal Hb levels have been reported in postmortem brains of PD patients: although neuronal Hb levels may decline in PD patients, elderly men with higher Hb levels have an increased risk of developing PD. α-synuclein, a key protein involved in PD pathology, interacts directly with Hb protein and forms complexes in erythrocytes and brains of monkeys and humans. These complexes increase in erythrocytes and striatal cytoplasm, while they decrease in striatal mitochondria with aging. Besides, the colocalization of serine 129-phosphorylated (Pser129) α-synuclein and Hb β chains have been found in the brains of PD patients. Several underlying molecular mechanisms involving mitochondrial homeostasis, α-synuclein accumulation, iron metabolism, and hormone-regulated signaling pathways have been investigated to assess the relationship between neuronal Hb and PD development. The formation of fibrils with neuronal Hb in various neurodegenerative diseases may indicate a common fibrillization pathway and a widespread target that could be applied in neurodegeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiali Pu
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (B.Z.); Fax: +86-571-8778-4752 (J.P. & B.Z.)
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (B.Z.); Fax: +86-571-8778-4752 (J.P. & B.Z.)
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17
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Keppner A, Maric D, Orlando IMC, Falquet L, Hummler E, Hoogewijs D. Analysis of the Hypoxic Response in a Mouse Cortical Collecting Duct-Derived Cell Line Suggests That Esrra Is Partially Involved in Hif1α-Mediated Hypoxia-Inducible Gene Expression in mCCD cl1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7262. [PMID: 35806266 PMCID: PMC9267015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is strongly dependent on a continuous oxygen supply, and is conversely highly sensitive to hypoxia. Controlled oxygen gradients are essential for renal control of solutes and urine-concentrating mechanisms, which also depend on various hormones including aldosterone. The cortical collecting duct (CCD) is part of the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron and possesses a key function in fine-tuned distal salt handling. It is well known that aldosterone is consistently decreased upon hypoxia. Furthermore, a recent study reported a hypoxia-dependent down-regulation of sodium currents within CCD cells. We thus investigated the possibility that cells from the cortical collecting duct are responsive to hypoxia, using the mouse cortical collecting duct cell line mCCDcl1 as a model. By analyzing the hypoxia-dependent transcriptome of mCCDcl1 cells, we found a large number of differentially-expressed genes (3086 in total logFC< −1 or >1) following 24 h of hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2). A gene ontology analysis of the differentially-regulated pathways revealed a strong decrease in oxygen-linked processes such as ATP metabolic functions, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular and aerobic respiration, while pathways associated with hypoxic responses were robustly increased. The most pronounced regulated genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The low expression levels of Epas1 under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions suggest that Hif-1α, rather than Hif-2α, mediates the hypoxic response in mCCDcl1 cells. Accordingly, we generated shRNA-mediated Hif-1α knockdown cells and found Hif-1α to be responsible for the hypoxic induction of established hypoxically-induced genes. Interestingly, we could show that following shRNA-mediated knockdown of Esrra, Hif-1α protein levels were unaffected, but the gene expression levels of Egln3 and Serpine1 were significantly reduced, indicating that Esrra might contribute to the hypoxia-mediated expression of these and possibly other genes. Collectively, mCCDcl1 cells display a broad response to hypoxia and represent an adequate cellular model to study additional factors regulating the response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keppner
- Section of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System (EMC), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.K.); (D.M.); (I.M.C.O.)
- National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis (NCCR Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darko Maric
- Section of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System (EMC), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.K.); (D.M.); (I.M.C.O.)
- National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis (NCCR Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Maria Christina Orlando
- Section of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System (EMC), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.K.); (D.M.); (I.M.C.O.)
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Section of Science, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Section of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System (EMC), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.K.); (D.M.); (I.M.C.O.)
- National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis (NCCR Kidney.CH), University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Wicks EE, Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factors: cancer progression and clinical translation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159839. [PMID: 35642641 PMCID: PMC9151701 DOI: 10.1172/jci159839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are master regulators of oxygen homeostasis that match O2 supply and demand for each of the 50 trillion cells in the adult human body. Cancer cells co-opt this homeostatic system to drive cancer progression. HIFs activate the transcription of thousands of genes that mediate angiogenesis, cancer stem cell specification, cell motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, glucose and lipid metabolism, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. In this Review, the mechanisms and consequences of HIF activation in cancer cells are presented. The current status and future prospects of small-molecule HIF inhibitors for use as cancer therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Department of Genetic Medicine.,Institute for Cell Engineering, and.,Stanley Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Zeng Z, Song Y, He X, Yang H, Yue F, Xiong M, Hu K. Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Associated with an Increased Prevalence of Polycythemia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:195-204. [PMID: 35068930 PMCID: PMC8769057 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s338824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with polycythemia. However, there still remain unanswered questions about the relationship between overlap syndrome (OVS), where OSA and COPD coexist, and polycythemia. Here, we aimed to establish the prevalence of polycythemia in OVS patients and to explore the impact of OSA on polycythemia. Patients and Methods Patients with COPD underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), pulmonary function tests, echocardiography, and complete blood counts. All patients were ethnic Han Chinese and free of prolonged oral corticosteroid use, hematological system disease, severe systemic disease, and other sleep-disordered breathing. OVS was defined as COPD patients with an apnea–hypopnea index ≥15 events/h, and polycythemia was defined as an Hb >165 g/L in men and >160 g/L in women. Results Eight-hundred and eighty-six patients with COPD were included in the analysis. The prevalence of polycythemia was significantly higher in OVS patients than COPD-alone patients (6.4% vs 2.9%, p < 0.05). The prevalence of polycythemia increased with OSA severity (χ2 = 7.885, p = 0.007), but not in GOLD grade 3–4 COPD patients (χ2 = 0.190, p = 0.663). After adjusting for confounders, percentage of total sleep time with SaO2 <90% (TS90) remained independently associated with an increased odds of polycythemia (OR 1.030, 95% CI 1.015–1.046) and, with an increase in TS90, the hemoglobin increased, especially in GOLD grade 1–2 patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with OVS have a higher prevalence of polycythemia than those with COPD alone, and TS90 is an independent factor for polycythemia, especially in GOLD1-2 COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Hu Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1897 103 5988 Email
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20
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Exploring the Leukemogenic Potential of GATA-1 S, the Shorter Isoform of GATA-1: Novel Insights into Mechanisms Hampering Respiratory Chain Complex II Activity and Limiting Oxidative Phosphorylation Efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101603. [PMID: 34679737 PMCID: PMC8533167 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA-1 is a key regulator of hematopoiesis. A balanced ratio of its two isoforms, GATA-1FL and GATA-1S, contributes to normal hematopoiesis, whereas aberrant expression of GATA-1S alters the differentiation/proliferation potential of hematopoietic precursors and represents a poor prognostic factor in myeloid leukemia. We previously reported that GATA-1S over-expression correlates with high levels of the succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SDHC). Alternative splicing variants of the SDHC transcript are over-expressed in several tumors and act as potent dominant negative inhibitors of SDH activity. With this in mind, we investigated the levels of SDHC variants and the oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in myeloid leukemia K562 cells over-expressing GATA-1 isoforms. Over-expression of SDHC variants accompanied by decreased SDH complex II activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency was found associated only with GATA-1S. Given the tumor suppressor role of SDH and the effects of OXPHOS limitations in leukemogenesis, identification of a link between GATA-1S and impaired complex II activity unveils novel pro-leukemic mechanisms triggered by GATA-1S. Abnormal levels of GATA-1S and SDHC variants were also found in an acute myeloid leukemia patient, thus supporting in vitro results. A better understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to identify novel promising therapeutic targets in myeloid leukemia.
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21
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Watts D, Bechmann N, Meneses A, Poutakidou IK, Kaden D, Conrad C, Krüger A, Stein J, El-Armouche A, Chavakis T, Eisenhofer G, Peitzsch M, Wielockx B. HIF2α regulates the synthesis and release of epinephrine in the adrenal medulla. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1655-1666. [PMID: 34480587 PMCID: PMC8542008 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal gland and its hormones regulate numerous fundamental biological processes; however, the impact of hypoxia signaling on adrenal function remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that deficiency of HIF (hypoxia inducible factors) prolyl hydroxylase domain protein-2 (PHD2) in the adrenal medulla of mice results in HIF2α-mediated reduction in phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) expression, and consequent reduction in epinephrine synthesis. Simultaneous loss of PHD2 in renal erythropoietin (EPO)-producing cells (REPCs) stimulated HIF2α-driven EPO overproduction, excessive RBC formation (erythrocytosis), and systemic hypoglycemia, which is necessary and sufficient to enhance exocytosis of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Based on these results, we propose that the PHD2-HIF2α axis in the adrenal medulla regulates the synthesis of epinephrine, whereas in REPCs, it indirectly induces the release of this hormone. Our findings are also highly relevant to the testing of small molecule PHD inhibitors in phase III clinical trials for patients with renal anemia. KEY MESSAGES: HIF2α and not HIF1α modulates PNMT during epinephrine synthesis in chromaffin cells. The PHD2-HIF2α-EPO axis induces erythrocytosis and hypoglycemia. Reduced systemic glucose facilitates exocytosis of epinephrine from adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Watts
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Meneses
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioanna K Poutakidou
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kaden
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catleen Conrad
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Krüger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Stein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Rodriguez D, Watts D, Gaete D, Sormendi S, Wielockx B. Hypoxia Pathway Proteins and Their Impact on the Blood Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179191. [PMID: 34502102 PMCID: PMC8431527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in the body requires oxygen for its functioning, in virtually every animal, and a tightly regulated system that balances oxygen supply and demand is therefore fundamental. The vascular network is one of the first systems to sense oxygen, and deprived oxygen (hypoxia) conditions automatically lead to a cascade of cellular signals that serve to circumvent the negative effects of hypoxia, such as angiogenesis associated with inflammation, tumor development, or vascular disorders. This vascular signaling is driven by central transcription factors, namely the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which determine the expression of a growing number of genes in endothelial cells and pericytes. HIF functions are tightly regulated by oxygen sensors known as the HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), which are enzymes that hydroxylate HIFs for eventual proteasomal degradation. HIFs, as well as PHDs, represent attractive therapeutic targets under various pathological settings, including those involving vascular (dys)function. We focus on the characteristics and mechanisms by which vascular cells respond to hypoxia under a variety of conditions.
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23
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Tsiftsoglou AS. Erythropoietin (EPO) as a Key Regulator of Erythropoiesis, Bone Remodeling and Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Implications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082140. [PMID: 34440909 PMCID: PMC8391952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is an N-linked glycoprotein consisting of 166 aa that is produced in the kidney during the adult life and acts both as a peptide hormone and hematopoietic growth factor (HGF), stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis. EPO production is activated by hypoxia and is regulated via an oxygen-sensitive feedback loop. EPO acts via its homodimeric erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) that increases cell survival and drives the terminal erythroid maturation of progenitors BFU-Es and CFU-Es to billions of mature RBCs. This pathway involves the activation of multiple erythroid transcription factors, such as GATA1, FOG1, TAL-1, EKLF and BCL11A, and leads to the overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis and the production of hemoglobin. The detection of a heterodimeric complex of EPO-R (consisting of one EPO-R chain and the CSF2RB β-chain, CD131) in several tissues (brain, heart, skeletal muscle) explains the EPO pleotropic action as a protection factor for several cells, including the multipotent MSCs as well as cells modulating the innate and adaptive immunity arms. EPO induces the osteogenic and endothelial transdifferentiation of the multipotent MSCs via the activation of EPO-R signaling pathways, leading to bone remodeling, induction of angiogenesis and secretion of a large number of trophic factors (secretome). These diversely unique properties of EPO, taken together with its clinical use to treat anemias associated with chronic renal failure and other blood disorders, make it a valuable biologic agent in regenerative medicine for the treatment/cure of tissue de-regeneration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Kocsis Á, Pasztorek M, Rossmanith E, Djinovic Z, Mayr T, Spitz S, Zirath H, Ertl P, Fischer MB. Dependence of mitochondrial function on the filamentous actin cytoskeleton in cultured mesenchymal stem cells treated with cytochalasin B. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:310-320. [PMID: 34175199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold enormous potential in regenerative medicine. A prerequisite for a successful MSC therapy is the rigorous investigation of their function after in vitro cultivation. Damages introduced to mitochondria during cultivation adversely affect MSCs function and can determine their fate. While it has been shown that microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments are important for mitochondrial dynamics and active mitochondrial transport within the cytoplasm of MSCs, the role of filamentous actin in this process has not been fully understood yet. To gain a deeper understanding of the interdependence between mitochondrial function and the cytoskeleton, we applied cytochalasin B to disturb the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton of MSCs. In this study we combined conventional functional assays with a state-of-the-art oxygen sensor-integrated microfluidic device to investigate mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that cytochalasin B treatment at a dose of 16 μM led to a decrease in cell viability with high mitochondrial membrane potential, increased oxygen consumption rate, disturbed fusion and fission balance, nuclear extrusion and perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria. Treatment of MSCs for 48 h ultimately led to nuclear fragmentation, and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, we could show that mitochondrial function of MSCs can efficiently recover from the damage to the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton over a period of 24 h. As a result of our study, a causative connection between the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kocsis
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Eva Rossmanith
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Zoran Djinovic
- ACMIT Gmbh (Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology), Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2/1, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9 / II + III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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25
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A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10879. [PMID: 34035373 PMCID: PMC8149659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a ubiquitously expressed protein with a protective role against oxidative stress, fibrosis and tumor growth, shown to be transcriptionally regulated under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression is observed in several cancer cell lines and particularly in various melanoma-derived cell lines. However, reliable detection of hypoxia-inducible mRNA levels by qPCR depends on the critical choice of suitable reference genes for accurate normalization. Limited evidence exists to support selection of the commonly used reference genes in hypoxic models of melanoma. This study aimed to select the optimal reference genes to study CYGB expression levels in melanoma cell lines exposed to hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2) and to the HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat (FG-4592). The expression levels of candidate genes were assessed by qPCR and the stability of genes was evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Our results display that B2M and YWHAZ represent the most optimal reference genes to reliably quantify hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression in melanoma cell lines. We further validate hypoxia-inducible CYGB expression on protein level and by using CYGB promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays in melanoma cell lines.
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26
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Lee KH, Ho Y, Tarng DC. Iron Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: Days of Future Past. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1008. [PMID: 33498292 PMCID: PMC7863960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia affects millions of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and prompt iron supplementation can lead to reductions in the required dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, thereby reducing medical costs. Oral and intravenous (IV) traditional iron preparations are considered far from ideal, primarily due to gastrointestinal intolerability and the potential risk of infusion reactions, respectively. Fortunately, the emergence of novel iron replacement therapies has engendered a paradigm shift in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with CKD. For example, oral ferric citrate is an efficacious and safe phosphate binder that increases iron stores to maintain hemoglobin levels. Additional benefits include reductions in fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and the activation of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. The new-generation IV iron preparations ferumoxytol, iron isomaltoside 1000, and ferric carboxymaltose are characterized by a reduced risk of infusion reactions and are clinically well tolerated as a rapid high-dose infusion. In patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), ferric pyrophosphate citrate (FPC) administered through dialysate enables the replacement of ongoing uremic and HD-related iron loss. FPC transports iron directly to transferrin, bypassing the reticuloendothelial system and avoiding iron sequestration. Moreover, this paper summarizes recent advancements of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors and future perspectives in renal anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hua Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yang Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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27
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Yamazaki S, Hirano I, Kato K, Yamamoto M, Suzuki N. Defining the functionally sufficient regulatory region and liver-specific roles of the erythropoietin gene by transgene complementation. Life Sci 2021; 269:119075. [PMID: 33465391 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential growth factor for erythroid cells and is mainly secreted from the kidneys and subsidiarily from the livers of adult mammals in an anemia/hypoxia-inducible manner. AIM AND METHOD To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of stress-inducible and cell type-specific Epo gene transcription, the rate-limiting step of EPO production, we investigated the sufficiency of a 180-kb genomic fragment flanking the mouse Epo gene locus for recapitulating endogenous Epo gene function by a transgene complementation strategy. KEY FINDINGS While Epo gene-deficient mice exhibited lethal anemia in utero with defects in erythroblast proliferation and maturation, Epo-knockout mice integrated with the 180-kb Epo transgene showed normal erythropoiesis throughout life. In the transgene-rescued mice, liver-specific deletion of the transgene by the Cre-loxP recombination system caused neonatal anemia with erythropoietic defects in the liver but not in the spleen, indicating the essential function of hepatic EPO on normal erythropoiesis in the liver, which is the major erythropoietic site in late embryonic and neonatal stages. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that the 180 kb Epo gene flanking region contains the fully functional Epo gene unit and that EPO from the liver dominantly stimulates hepatic erythropoiesis but contributes less to erythropoiesis in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yamazaki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirano
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Oxygen Biology, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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