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Menezes F, Wasinski F, de Souza GO, Nunes AP, Bernardes ES, dos Santos SN, da Silva FFA, Peroni CN, Oliveira JE, Kopchick JJ, Brown RSE, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Perelló M, Soares CRJ, Donato J. The Pattern of GH Action in the Mouse Brain. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae057. [PMID: 38728240 PMCID: PMC11137758 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Menezes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Nunes
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Bernardes
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sofia N dos Santos
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio F A da Silva
- Radiopharmacy Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, La Plata, BA 1900, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala 75312, Sweden
| | - Carlos R J Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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2
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Willbanks A, Seals M, Karmali R, Roy I. Harnessing the Systemic Biology of Functional Decline and Cachexia to Inform more Holistic Therapies for Incurable Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:360. [PMID: 38254849 PMCID: PMC10814065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Options for treatment of incurable cancer remain scarce and are largely focused on limited therapeutic mechanisms. A new approach specific to advanced cancers is needed to identify new and effective treatments. Morbidity in advanced cancer is driven by functional decline and a number of systemic conditions, including cachexia and fatigue. This review will focus on these clinical concepts, describe our current understanding of their underlying biology, and then propose how future therapeutic strategies, including pharmaceuticals, exercise, and rehabilitation, could target these mechanisms as an alternative route to addressing incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Seals
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ishan Roy
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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3
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Kim JD, Copperi F, Diano S. Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37962895 PMCID: PMC11283896 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
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Chen Y, Xiao L, Qiu J. Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:103-112. [PMID: 37584858 PMCID: PMC10774251 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission (i.e., the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission) of excitable neurons via changes in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances, from spillover neurotransmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the blood. Neuronomodulation can be direct or indirect, depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore, either on the same molecule, i.e. the ion channel, or through an intermediate step on different molecules. The major players in direct neuronomodulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels. The key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels, either orthosterically or allosterically, by various ligands. Indirect neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials, where steroid hormones, cytokines, and chemokines can implement these actions. Elucidating neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function, and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Kim YT, Park BS, Yang HR, Yi S, Nam-Goong IS, Kim JG. Exploring the potential hypothalamic role in mediating cisplatin-induced negative energy balance. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110733. [PMID: 37769865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used for treating different types of cancer. However, long-term use can lead to side effects, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life and ability to undergo chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of a negative energy balance during cisplatin treatment. Mice treated with cisplatin exhibit reduced food intake, body weight, and energy expenditure. We observed altered neuronal activity in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy metabolism in cisplatin-treated mice. In addition, we observed activation of microglia and inflammation in the hypothalamus following treatment with cisplatin. Consistent with this finding, inhibition of microglial activation effectively rescued cisplatin-induced anorexia and body weight loss. The present study identified the role of hypothalamic neurons and inflammation linked to microglial activation in the anorexia and body weight loss observed during cisplatin treatment. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic abnormalities during cisplatin treatment and suggest new strategies for managing these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yi
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Center of Brain-Machine Interface, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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He Y, Zheng J, Ye B, Dai Y, Nie K. Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: Pathogenesis and current management. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115787. [PMID: 37666434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) has been a major concern for cancer patients, which reduces their quality of life and leads to treatment intolerance and even cessation. Nevertheless, prevention and treatment for CIGT are challenging, due to the prevalence and complexity of the condition. Chemotherapeutic drugs directly damage gastrointestinal mucosa to induce CIGT, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal mucositis, and diarrhea, etc. The pathogenesis of CIGT involves multiple factors, such as gut microbiota disorders, inflammatory responses and abnormal neurotransmitter levels, that synergistically contribute to its occurrence and development. In particular, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is usually linked to abnormal immune responses that increases inflammatory cytokines' expression, which is a common characteristic of many types of CIGT. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal neurotoxicity is also a vital concern in CIGT. Currently, modern medicine is the dominant treatment of CIGT, however, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted interest as a complementary and alternative therapy that can greatly alleviate CIGT. Accordingly, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize the pathogenesis and current management of CIGT using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and proposed that future research for CIGT should focus on the gut microbiota, intestinal neurotoxicity, and promising TCM therapies, which may help to develop more effective interventions and optimize managements of CIGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingrui Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binbin Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongzhao Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced body weight loss. Cytokine 2022; 158:155999. [PMID: 35985175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many cytokines have been proposed to regulate reproduction due to their actions on hypothalamic kisspeptin cells, the main modulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Hormones such as leptin, prolactin and growth hormone are good examples of cytokines that lead to Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway activation, consequently exerting effects in kisspeptin neurons. Different studies have investigated how specific components of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway affect the functions of kisspeptin cells, but the role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in mediating cytokine actions in kisspeptin cells remains unknown. Cre-Loxp technology was used in the present study to ablate Socs3 expression in kisspeptin cells (Kiss1/Socs3-KO). Then, male and female control and Kiss1/Socs3-KO mice were evaluated for sexual maturation, energy homeostasis features, and fertility. It was found that hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression is significantly downregulated in Kiss1/Socs3-KO mice. Despite reduced hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA content, these mice did not present any sexual maturation or fertility impairments. Additionally, body weight gain, leptin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were similar to control mice. Interestingly, Kiss1/Socs3-KO mice were partially protected against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced body weight loss. Our results suggest that Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents the sickness behavior induced by LPS, suggesting that kisspeptin cells can modulate energy metabolism in mice in certain situations.
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8
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López-Gambero AJ, Pacheco-Sánchez B, Rosell-Valle C, Medina-Vera D, Navarro JA, Fernández-Arjona MDM, de Ceglia M, Sanjuan C, Simon V, Cota D, Rivera P, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Dietary administration of D-chiro-inositol attenuates sex-specific metabolic imbalances in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112994. [PMID: 35483188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that hypothalamic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and weight loss precede and progress along with the cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with sex differences. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral dietary administration of D-Chiro-inositol (DCI), an inositol used against insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary, on the occurrence of metabolic disorders in the transgenic 5xFAD mouse model of AD (FAD: Family Alzheimer's Disease). DCI was administered from 6 to 10 months of age to male and female 5xFAD mice and control (non-Tg) littermates. Energy balance and multiple metabolic and inflammatory parameters in the hypothalamus, liver and plasma were evaluated to assess the central and peripheral effects of DCI. Results indicated that weight loss and reduced food intake in 5xFAD mice were associated with decreased neuropeptides controlling food intake and the appearance of a pro-inflammatory state in the hypothalamus. Oral administration of DCI partially restored energy balance and hypothalamic parameters, highlighting an increased expression of Npy and Agrp and female-specific downregulation of Gfap and Igf1. DCI also partially normalized impaired insulin signaling and circulating insulin, GLP-1, and GIP deficiencies in 5xFAD mice. Principal component analysis of metabolic parameters indicated the presence of a female-specific fatty liver in 5xFAD mice: DCI administration reversed hepatic fat accumulation, β-oxidation, inflammation and increased GOT and GPT levels. Our study depicts that metabolic impairment along with the cognitive decline in a mouse model of AD, which is exacerbated in females, can be ameliorated by oral supplementation with insulin-sensitizing DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J López-Gambero
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | | | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; UGC Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Del Mar Fernández-Arjona
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- EURONUTRA S.L, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Campanillas, 29590, Spain.
| | - Vincent Simon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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9
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Wang XH, Mitch WE, Price SR. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle loss in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:138-152. [PMID: 34750550 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle proteins is a deleterious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that causes a decrease in muscle strength and function, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of current treatment strategies in preventing or reversing muscle protein losses is limited. The limitations largely stem from the systemic nature of diseases such as CKD, which stimulate skeletal muscle protein degradation pathways while simultaneously activating mechanisms that impair muscle protein synthesis and repair. Stimuli that initiate muscle protein loss include metabolic acidosis, insulin and IGF1 resistance, changes in hormones, cytokines, inflammatory processes and decreased appetite. A growing body of evidence suggests that signalling molecules secreted from muscle can enter the circulation and subsequently interact with recipient organs, including the kidneys, while conversely, pathological events in the kidney can adversely influence protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, demonstrating the existence of crosstalk between kidney and muscle. Together, these signals, whether direct or indirect, induce changes in the levels of regulatory and effector proteins via alterations in mRNAs, microRNAs and chromatin epigenetic responses. Advances in our understanding of the signals and processes that mediate muscle loss in CKD and other muscle wasting conditions will support the future development of therapeutic strategies to reduce muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Russ Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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10
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Moinho TM, Tavares MR, Campos AM, Frazão R, Metzger M, Donato J. Simple method to induce denaturation of fluorescent proteins in free-floating brain slices. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 371:109500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Proteome Analysis of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus in Chronic High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3501770. [PMID: 34840970 PMCID: PMC8617565 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3501770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a central role in the integrated regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains a population of neurons that express orexigenic and anorexigenic factors and is thought to control feeding behavior via several neuronal circuits. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis of low-fat control diet- (LFD-) and high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hypothalamic ARC was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to changes in body weight. In the ARC in the hypothalamus, 6621 proteins (FDR < 0.01) were detected, and 178 proteins were categorized as DEPs (89 upregulated and 89 downregulated in the HFD group). Among the Gene Ontology molecular function terms associated with the DEPs, protein binding was the most significant. Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (Frs2) and SHC adaptor protein 3 (Shc3) were related to protein binding and involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Furthermore, high-precision quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the protein profile of the ARC in mice with HFD-induced obesity differed from that in LFD mice, thereby offering insight into the molecular basis of feeding regulation and suggesting Frs2 and Shc3 as novel treatment targets for central anorexigenic signal induction.
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