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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Antioxidant Defense in the Toughest Animals on the Earth: Its Contribution to the Extreme Resistance of Tardigrades. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8393. [PMID: 39125965 PMCID: PMC11313143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are unique among animals in their resistance to dehydration, mainly due to anhydrobiosis and tun formation. They are also very resistant to high-energy radiation, low and high temperatures, low and high pressure, and various chemical agents, Interestingly, they are resistant to ionizing radiation both in the hydrated and dehydrated states to a similar extent. They are able to survive in the cosmic space. Apparently, many mechanisms contribute to the resistance of tardigrades to harmful factors, including the presence of trehalose (though not common to all tardigrades), heat shock proteins, late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, tardigrade-unique proteins, DNA repair proteins, proteins directly protecting DNA (Dsup and TDR1), and efficient antioxidant system. Antioxidant enzymes and small-molecular-weight antioxidants are an important element in the tardigrade resistance. The levels and activities of many antioxidant proteins is elevated by anhydrobiosis and UV radiation; one explanation for their induction during dehydration is provided by the theory of "preparation for oxidative stress", which occurs during rehydration. Genes coding for some antioxidant proteins are expanded in tardigrades; some genes (especially those coding for catalases) were hypothesized to be of bacterial origin, acquired by horizontal gene transfer. An interesting antioxidant protein found in tardigrades is the new Mn-dependent peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Gechev T, Kazakov P, Ivanova A, Ivanova T, Mircheva M, Kolev V, Ganeva D, Tabakova-Komsalova V, Ruseva M, Kantardjieva E, Kazashka VS. Establishment and development of the Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 3:140. [PMID: 38846177 PMCID: PMC11153986 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16514.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The Bulgarian research landscape, presented mainly by the research institutes that are part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Agricultural Academy, needs diversification to match the research and innovation potential of the other European Union (EU) countries. This article describes the establishment of the Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), a new innovative type of independent research organization that is changing the research landscape in Bulgaria. Supported by the EU Commission, Bulgarian Government, and Plovdiv Municipality, CPSBB has quickly become the leading plant science institute in Bulgaria, creating knowledge in diverse fields such as bioinformatics, biotechnology, genetics and genomics, metabolomics, and systems biology. We outline the organizational structure of CPSBB, the development of its infrastructure, and its scientific productivity. Finally, we compare CPSBB with other similar research establishments in Europe and we conclude that such new types of institutes have a bright future in Bulgaria due to their operational flexibility, productivity, and connections with academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Kazakov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Asia Ivanova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetomira Ivanova
- University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Mircheva
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Ganeva
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, 4004, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Vesela S. Kazashka
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Plovdiv Province, Bulgaria
- Academy of Music, Dance, and Fine Arts, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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Najjari A, Boussetta A, Youssef N, Linares-Pastén JA, Mahjoubi M, Belloum R, Sghaier H, Cherif A, Ouzari HI. Physiological and genomic insights into abiotic stress of halophilic archaeon Natrinema altunense 4.1R isolated from a saline ecosystem of Tunisian desert. Genetica 2023; 151:133-152. [PMID: 36795306 PMCID: PMC9995536 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are polyextremophiles with the ability to withstand fluctuations in salinity, high levels of ultraviolet radiation, and oxidative stress, allowing them to survive in a wide range of environments and making them an excellent model for astrobiological research. Natrinema altunense 4.1R is a halophilic archaeon isolated from the endorheic saline lake systems, Sebkhas, located in arid and semi-arid regions of Tunisia. It is an ecosystem characterized by periodic flooding from subsurface groundwater and fluctuating salinities. Here, we assess the physiological responses and genomic characterization of N. altunense 4.1R to UV-C radiation, as well as osmotic and oxidative stresses. Results showed that the 4.1R strain is able to survive up to 36% of salinity, up to 180 J/m2 to UV-C radiation, and at 50 mM of H2O2, a resistance profile similar to Halobacterium salinarum, a strain often used as UV-C resistant model. In order to understand the genetic determinants of N. altunense 4.1R survival strategy, we sequenced and analyzed its genome. Results showed multiple gene copies of osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and DNA repair response mechanisms supporting its survivability at extreme salinities and radiations. Indeed, the 3D molecular structures of seven proteins related to responses to UV-C radiation (excinucleases UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC, and photolyase), saline stress (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase OtsA and trehalose-phosphatase OtsB), and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase SOD) were constructed by homology modeling. This study extends the abiotic stress range for the species N. altunense and adds to the repertoire of UV and oxidative stress resistance genes generally known from haloarchaeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Najjari
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ayoub Boussetta
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Noha Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH), Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mouna Mahjoubi
- University of Manouba, ISBST, LR11-ES31 BVBGR, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Belloum
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Haitham Sghaier
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- University of Manouba, ISBST, LR11-ES31 BVBGR, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hadda Imene Ouzari
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisie
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Liu M, Yang C, Chu Q, Fu X, Zhang Y, Sun G. Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Reductase as Indicators of Oxidative Stress Levels May Relate to Geriatric Hip Fractures' Survival and Walking Ability: A Propensity Score Matching Study. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1081-1090. [PMID: 35855743 PMCID: PMC9288178 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s370970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress status may affect bone metabolism and regeneration. However, few studies reported whether oxidative stress could impact the outcomes of hip fractures. This study aimed to explore if superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, the critical antioxidant enzymes, correlated with the prognosis of hip fractures. Methods Patients with hip fractures were extracted from our database, and those who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the influence of confounding factors, and ROC curves based on matched populations were created to determine the optimal cutoff points of SOD and GR. Then, outcomes between SOD or GR and outcomes of hip fractures were compared. Results Out of 301 patients enrolled in this study, 50 patients died within one year. After a 1:1 PSM, the patients with less than 1-year survival had significantly lower SOD (p = 0.026) and GR (p = 0.021) than those who were still alive at one year. Logistics analysis showed that low SOD and low GR may be independent risk factors for 6-month survival, 1-year survival, 6-month free walking ability, and 1-year free walking ability. Conclusion SOD and GR may be the independent risk factors for survival and walking abilities of hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchong Liu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qining Chu
- Emergency Trauma Center, Nanyang Second General Hospital, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Gechev T, Petrov V. Plant Systems Biology in 2022 and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084159. [PMID: 35456977 PMCID: PMC9027235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: or
| | - Veselin Petrov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University—Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Mendez-Romero O, Ricardez-García C, Castañeda-Tamez P, Chiquete-Félix N, Uribe-Carvajal S. Thriving in Oxygen While Preventing ROS Overproduction: No Two Systems Are Created Equal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:874321. [PMID: 35444563 PMCID: PMC9013945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago, atmospheric oxygen concentration [O2] rose thousands of times, leading to the first mass extinction. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by the non-catalyzed partial reduction of O2 were highly toxic eliminating many species. Survivors developed different strategies to cope with ROS toxicity. At the same time, using O2 as the final acceptor in respiratory chains increased ATP production manifold. Thus, both O2 and ROS were strong drivers of evolution, as species optimized aerobic metabolism while developing ROS-neutralizing mechanisms. The first line of defense is preventing ROS overproduction and two mechanisms were developed in parallel: 1) Physiological uncoupling systems (PUS), which increase the rate of electron fluxes in respiratory systems. 2) Avoidance of excess [O2]. However, it seems that as avoidance efficiency improved, PUSs became less efficient. PUS includes branched respiratory chains and proton sinks, which may be proton specific, the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) or unspecific, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). High [O2] avoidance also involved different strategies: 1) Cell association, as in biofilms or in multi-cellularity allowed gas-permeable organisms (oxyconformers) from bacterial to arthropods to exclude O2. 2) Motility, to migrate from hypoxic niches. 3) Oxyregulator organisms: as early as in fish, and O2-impermeable epithelium excluded all gases and only exact amounts entered through specialized respiratory systems. Here we follow the parallel evolution of PUS and O2-avoidance, PUS became less critical and lost efficiency. In regard, to proton sinks, there is fewer evidence on their evolution, although UCPs have indeed drifted in function while in some species it is not clear whether PTPs exist.
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Isor A, O'Dea AT, Grady SF, Petroff JT, Skubic KN, Aziz B, Arnatt CK, McCulla RD. Effects of photodeoxygenation on cell biology using dibenzothiophene S-oxide derivatives as O( 3P)-precursors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1621-1633. [PMID: 34822125 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodeoxygenation of dibenzothiophene S-oxide and its derivatives have been used to generate atomic oxygen [O(3P)] to examine its effect on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The unique reactivity and selectivity of O(3P) have shown distinct oxidation products and outcomes in biomolecules and cell-based studies. To understand the scope of its global impact on the cell, we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with 2,8-diacetoxymethyldibenzothiophene S-oxide and UV-A light to produce O(3P) without targeting a specific cell organelle. Cellular responses to O(3P)-release were analyzed using cell viability and cell cycle phase determination assays. Cell death was observed when cells were treated with higher concentrations of sulfoxides and UV-A light. However, significant differences in cell cycle phases due to UV-A irradiation of the sulfoxide were not observed. We further performed RNA-Seq analysis to study the underlying biological processes at play, and while UV-irradiation itself influenced gene expression, there were 9 upregulated and 8 downregulated genes that could be attributed to photodeoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Isor
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Austin T O'Dea
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Scott F Grady
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - John T Petroff
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Kristin N Skubic
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Bashar Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Christopher K Arnatt
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
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Yang Z, Bai C, Wang P, Fu W, Wang L, Song Z, Xi X, Wu H, Zhang G, Wu J. Sandbur Drought Tolerance Reflects Phenotypic Plasticity Based on the Accumulation of Sugars, Lipids, and Flavonoid Intermediates and the Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Root. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312615. [PMID: 34884421 PMCID: PMC8657935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial grass Cenchrus spinifex (common sandbur) is an invasive species that grows in arid and semi-arid regions due to its remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which confers the ability to withstand drought and other forms of abiotic stress. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in common sandbur could lead to the development of new strategies for the protection of natural and agricultural environments from this weed. To determine the molecular basis of drought tolerance in C. spinifex, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins differing in abundance between roots growing in normal soil and roots subjected to moderate or severe drought stress. The analysis of these proteins revealed that drought tolerance in C. spinifex primarily reflects the modulation of core physiological activities such as protein synthesis, transport and energy utilization as well as the accumulation of flavonoid intermediates and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, plants subjected to drought stress accumulated sucrose, fatty acids, and ascorbate, shifted their redox potential (as determined by the NADH/NAD ratio), accumulated flavonoid intermediates at the expense of anthocyanins and lignin, and produced less actin, indicating fundamental reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Our results show that C. spinifex responds to drought stress by coordinating multiple metabolic pathways along with other adaptations. It is likely that the underlying metabolic plasticity of this species plays a key role in its invasive success, particularly in semi-arid and arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Weidong Fu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Le Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhen Song
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Xi
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Hanwen Wu
- E.H. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (A Collaborative Alliance between Charles Sturt University and the NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Y.); (C.B.); (W.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
| | - Jiahe Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (P.W.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-82109570 (G.Z.); +86-64807375 (J.W.)
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Chen CS, Pan BY, Tsai PH, Chen FY, Yang WC, Shen MY. Kansuinine A Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Suppressing IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910309. [PMID: 34638650 PMCID: PMC8508741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is strongly associated with atherosclerosis progression. Herein, we aimed to examine whether Kansuinine A (KA), extracted from Euphorbia kansui L., prevents atherosclerosis development in a mouse model and inhibits cell apoptosis through oxidative stress reduction. Atherosclerosis development was analyzed in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) using Oil Red O staining and H&E staining. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with KA, followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to investigate the KA-mediated inhibition of ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Oil Red O staining and H&E staining showed that atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly smaller in the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice in the HFD+KA group than that in the aortic arch of those in the HFD group. Further, KA (0.1-1.0 μM) blocked the H2O2-induced death of HAECs and ROS generation. The H2O2-mediated upregulation of phosphorylated IKKβ, phosphorylated IκBα, and phosphorylated NF-κB was suppressed by KA. KA also reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression, preventing H2O2-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Our results indicate that KA may protect against ROS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and has considerable clinical potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Sheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Yi Pan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping-Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366
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