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Skoczyńska A, Ołdakowska M, Dobosz A, Adamiec R, Gritskevich S, Jonkisz A, Lebioda A, Adamiec-Mroczek J, Małodobra-Mazur M, Dobosz T. PPARs in Clinical Experimental Medicine after 35 Years of Worldwide Scientific Investigations and Medical Experiments. Biomolecules 2024; 14:786. [PMID: 39062500 PMCID: PMC11275227 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This year marks the 35th anniversary of Professor Walter Wahli's discovery of the PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors) family of nuclear hormone receptors. To mark the occasion, the editors of the scientific periodical Biomolecules decided to publish a special issue in his honor. This paper summarizes what is known about PPARs and shows how trends have changed and how research on PPARs has evolved. The article also highlights the importance of PPARs and what role they play in various diseases and ailments. The paper is in a mixed form; essentially it is a review article, but it has been enriched with the results of our experiments. The selection of works was subjective, as there are more than 200,000 publications in the PubMed database alone. First, all papers done on an animal model were discarded at the outset. What remained was still far too large to describe directly. Therefore, only papers that were outstanding, groundbreaking, or simply interesting were described and briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skoczyńska
- Department of Internal and Occupational Medicine and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Ołdakowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Immunology, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rajmund Adamiec
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Technical Sciences, Karkonosze University of Applied Sciences, Lwówiecka 18, 58-506 Jelenia Góra, Poland
| | - Sofya Gritskevich
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Anna Jonkisz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Arleta Lebioda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Joanna Adamiec-Mroczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
| | - Tadeusz Dobosz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.J.); (A.L.); (M.M.-M.); (T.D.)
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Sharon N, Yarmolinsky L, Khalfin B, Fleisher-Berkovich S, Ben-Shabat S. Cannabinoids' Role in Modulating Central and Peripheral Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6402. [PMID: 38928109 PMCID: PMC11204381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids (the endocannabinoids, the synthetic cannabinoids, and the phytocannabinoids) are well known for their various pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory features, which are fundamentally important for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging of the global population is causing an increase in these diseases that require the development of effective drugs to be even more urgent. Taking into account the unavailability of effective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, it seems appropriate to consider the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of these diseases. To our knowledge, few reviews are devoted to cannabinoids' impact on modulating central and peripheral immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this review is to provide the best possible information about the cannabinoid receptors and immuno-modulation features, peripheral immune modulation by cannabinoids, cannabinoid-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders, and the future development prospects of making cannabinoids versatile tools in the pursuit of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (N.S.); (L.Y.); (B.K.); (S.F.-B.)
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Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I, Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R. Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:443-475. [PMID: 38904956 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Bánáti
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Julian Hellman-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Section Neurobiology, University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hayley A Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - David Benton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Healthy Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Wu T, Chen Y, You Q, Jiang Z, Chen X. Targeting bromodomian-containing protein 8 (BRD8): An advanced tool to interrogate BRD8. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116271. [PMID: 38401187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in physiological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and death. Bromodomain/Brd-containing proteins (BCPs) regulate abnormal gene expression in various diseases by recognizing the lysine-ε-N-acetylated residues (KAc) or by acting as transcriptional co-activators. Small molecule inhibitors targeting BCPs offer an attractive strategy for modulating aberrant gene expression. Besides the extensive research on the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain family proteins, the non-BET proteins have gained increasing attention. Bromodomain containing protein 8 (BRD8), a reader of KAc and co-activator of nuclear receptors (NRs), plays a key role in various cancers. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, disease-related functions, and inhibitor development of BRD8. Opportunities and challenges for future studies targeting BRD8 in disease treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xuetao Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wang X, Zhu Z, Sun J, Jia L, Cai L, Chen Q, Yang W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo S, Liu W, Yang Z, Zhao P, Wang Z, Lv H. Changes in iron load in specific brain areas lead to neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110903. [PMID: 38036035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The causes of neurodegenerative diseases remain largely elusive, increasing their personal and societal impacts. To reveal the causal effects of iron load on Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, we used Mendelian randomisation and brain imaging data from a UK Biobank genome-wide association study of 39,691 brain imaging samples (predominantly of European origin). Using susceptibility-weighted images, which reflect iron load, we analysed genetically significant brain regions. Inverse variance weighting was used as the main estimate, while MR Egger and weighted median were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Nine clear associations were obtained. For AD and PD, an increased iron load was causative: the right pallidum for AD and the right caudate, left caudate and right accumbens for PD. However, a reduced iron load was identified in the right and left caudate for multiple sclerosis, the bilateral hippocampus for mixed vascular dementia and the left thalamus and bilateral accumbens for subcortical vascular dementia. Thus, changes in iron load in different brain regions have causal effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Our results are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and investigating the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaimin Zhu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkun Cai
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No.37 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 YongAn Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Titus C, Hoque MT, Bendayan R. PPAR agonists for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:9-23. [PMID: 38065777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [PPARs; PPARα, PPARβ/δ (also known as PPARδ), and PPARγ] widely recognized for their important role in glucose/lipid homeostasis, have recently received significant attention due to their additional anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Several newly developed PPAR agonists have shown high selectivity for specific PPAR isoforms in vitro and in vivo, offering the potential to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes while reducing the risk of adverse effects. In this review, we discuss the latest preclinical and clinical studies of the activation of PPARs by synthetic, natural, and isoform-specific (full, partial, and dual) agonists for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Md Tozammel Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
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Garcia Corrales AV, Verberk SGS, Haidar M, Grajchen E, Dehairs J, Vanherle S, Loix M, Weytjens T, Gervois P, Matsuzaka T, Lambrichts I, Swinnen JV, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Fatty acid elongation by ELOVL6 hampers remyelination by promoting inflammatory foam cell formation during demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301030120. [PMID: 37669365 PMCID: PMC10500284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the formation of multiple focal demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system (CNS). These lesions mainly consist of phagocytes that play a key role in lesion progression and remyelination, and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target in MS. We recently showed that unsaturated fatty acids produced by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 induce inflammatory foam cell formation during demyelination. These fatty acids are elongated by the "elongation of very long chain fatty acids" proteins (ELOVLs), generating a series of functionally distinct lipids. Here, we show that the expression and activity of ELOVLs are altered in myelin-induced foam cells. Especially ELOVL6, an enzyme responsible for converting saturated and monounsaturated C16 fatty acids into C18 species, was found to be up-regulated in myelin phagocytosing phagocytes in vitro and in MS lesions. Depletion of Elovl6 induced a repair-promoting phagocyte phenotype through activation of the S1P/PPARγ pathway. Elovl6-deficient foamy macrophages showed enhanced ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux, increased production of neurotrophic factors, and reduced expression of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, our data show that ELOVL6 hampers CNS repair, as Elovl6 deficiency prevented demyelination and boosted remyelination in organotypic brain slice cultures and the mouse cuprizone model. These findings indicate that targeting ELOVL6 activity may be an effective strategy to stimulate CNS repair in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida V. Garcia Corrales
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Tine Weytjens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8575, Japan
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
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Ferret-Sena V, Capela C, Macedo A, Salgado AV, Derudas B, Staels B, Sena A. Fingolimod treatment modulates PPARγ and CD36 gene expression in women with multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1077381. [PMID: 36590913 PMCID: PMC9797671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1077381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is an oral immunomodulatory drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) that may change lipid metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that regulate lipoprotein metabolism and immune functions and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MS. CD36 is a scavenger receptor whose transcription is PPAR regulated. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether fingolimod treatment modifies PPAR and CD36 gene expression as part of its action mechanisms. Serum lipoprotein profiles and PPAR and CD36 gene expression levels in peripheral leukocytes were analysed in 17 female MS patients before and at 6 and 12 months after fingolimod treatment initiation. Clinical data during the follow-up period of treatment were obtained. We found that fingolimod treatment increased HDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein E levels and leukocyte PPARγ and CD36 gene expression. No correlations were found between lipid levels and variations in PPARγ and CD36 gene expression. PPARγ and CD36 variations were significantly correlated during therapy and in patients free of relapse and stable disease. Our results suggest that PPARγ and CD36-mediated processes may contribute to the mechanisms of action of fingolimod in MS. Further studies are required to explore the relation of the PPARγ/CD36 pathway to the clinical efficacy of the drug and its involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ferret-Sena
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Capela
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Macedo
- Keypoint Consultora Científica, Algés, Portugal,Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Derudas
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Armando Sena
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal,Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal,*Correspondence: Armando Sena,
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Jia T, Ma Y, Qin F, Han F, Zhang C. Brain proteome-wide association study linking-genes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 10:58-69. [PMID: 36475386 PMCID: PMC9852387 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify genes that confer MS risk via the alteration of cis-regulated protein abundance and verify their aberrant expression in human brain. METHODS Utilizing a two-stage proteome-wide association study (PWAS) design, MS GWAS data (N = 41,505) was respectively integrated with two distinct human brain proteomes from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, including ROSMAP (N = 376) in the discovery stage and Banner (N = 152) in the confirmation stage. In the following, Bayesian colocalization analysis was conducted for GWAS and protein quantitative trait loci signals to prioritize candidate genes. Differential expression analysis was then used to verify the dysregulation of risk genes in white matter and gray matter for evidence at the transcription level. RESULTS A total of 51 genes whose protein abundance had association with the MS risk were identified, of which 18 genes overlapped in the discovery and confirmation PWAS. Bayesian colocalization indicated six causal genes with genetic risk variants for the MS risk. The differential expression analysis of SHMT1 (PFDR = 4.82 × 10-2 ), FAM120B (PFDR = 8.13 × 10-4 ) in white matter and ICA1L (PFDR = 3.44 × 10-2 ) in gray matter confirmed the dysregulation at the transcription level. Further investigation of expression found SHMT1 significantly up-regulated in white matter lesion, and FAM120B up-regulated in both white matter lesion and normal appearing white matter. ICA1L was down-regulated in both gray matter lesion and normal appearing gray matter. INTERPRETATION Dysregulation of SHMT1, FAM120B and ICA1L may confer MS risk. Our findings shed new light on the pathogenesis of MS and prioritized promising targets for future therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yanni Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fengqin Qin
- Department of Neurologythe 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Emergency MedicineHainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Li KR, Wu AG, Tang Y, He XP, Yu CL, Wu JM, Hu GQ, Yu L. The Key Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Associated Biomarkers: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5935-5954. [PMID: 35829831 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including chronic disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and acute diseases like traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke are characterized by progressive degeneration, brain tissue damage and loss of neurons, accompanied by behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. So far, there are no complete cures for NDs; thus, early and timely diagnoses are essential and beneficial to patients' treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the advanced medical imaging techniques widely used in the clinical examination of NDs due to its non-invasive diagnostic value. In this review, research published in English in current decade from PubMed electronic database on the use of MRI to detect specific biomarkers of NDs was collected, summarized, and discussed, which provides valuable suggestions for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NDs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ru Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, 408000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Guang-Qiang Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Loix M, Wouters E, Vanherle S, Dehairs J, McManaman JL, Kemps H, Swinnen JV, Haidar M, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Perilipin-2 limits remyelination by preventing lipid droplet degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:515. [PMID: 36100764 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Foamy macrophages and microglia containing lipid droplets (LDs) are a pathological hallmark of demyelinating disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). We and others showed that excessive accumulation of intracellular lipids drives these phagocytes towards a more inflammatory phenotype, thereby limiting CNS repair. To date, however, the mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis and breakdown in lipid-engorged phagocytes in the CNS, as well as their impact on foamy phagocyte biology and lesion progression, remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that LD-associated protein perilipin-2 (PLIN2) controls LD metabolism in myelin-containing phagocytes. We show that PLIN2 protects LDs from lipolysis-mediated degradation, thereby impairing intracellular processing of myelin-derived lipids in phagocytes. Accordingly, loss of Plin2 stimulates LD turnover in foamy phagocytes, driving them towards a less inflammatory phenotype. Importantly, Plin2-deficiency markedly improves remyelination in the ex vivo brain slice model and in the in vivo cuprizone-induced demyelination model. In summary, we identify PLIN2 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent the pathogenic accumulation of LDs in foamy phagocytes and to stimulate remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Elien Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI-Louvain Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L McManaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Hannelore Kemps
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI-Louvain Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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12
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Lin WS, Lin SJ, Liao PY, Suresh D, Hsu TR, Wang PY. Role of Ketogenic Diets in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Animal Models: An Updated Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2002-2014. [PMID: 35679067 PMCID: PMC9526852 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prescribing a ketogenic diet (KD) is a century-old dietary intervention mainly used in the context of intractable epilepsy. The classic KD and its variants regained popularity in recent decades, and they are considered potentially beneficial in a variety of neurological conditions other than epilepsy. Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have attempted diet modification for better control of their disease, although evidence thus far remains insufficient to recommend a specific diet for these patients. The results of 3 pilot clinical trials of KD therapy for MS, as well as several related studies, have been reported in recent years. The preliminary findings suggest that KD is safe, feasible, and potentially neuroprotective and disease-modifying for patients with MS. Research on corresponding rodent models has also lent support to the efficacy of KD in the prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and toxin-induced inflammatory demyelinating conditions in the brain. Furthermore, the animal studies have yielded mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanisms of KD action in relevant situations, paving the way for precision nutrition. Herein we review and synthesize recent advances and also identify unresolved issues, such as the roles of adipokines and gut microbiota, in this field. Hopefully this panoramic view of current understanding can inform future research directions and clinical practice with regard to KD in MS and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan-Ju Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Liao
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Divya Suresh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rong Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Program in Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Saher G. Local cholesterol metabolism orchestrates remyelination. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:272-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Forbes LH, Miron VE. Monocytes in central nervous system remyelination. Glia 2021; 70:797-807. [PMID: 34708884 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure with aging and progression of neurodegenerative disorders contributes to axonal dysfunction, highlighting the importance of understanding the mechanisms underpinning this process to develop regenerative therapies. Central nervous system (CNS) macrophages, encompassing both resident microglia and blood monocyte-derived cells, play a crucial role in driving successful remyelination. Although there has been a focus on the critical roles of microglia in remyelination, the specific contribution of monocyte-derived macrophages is still not fully understood. Until recently, the lack of tools enabling distinction between CNS macrophage populations has hindered our understanding of monocyte influence on remyelination. Recent advances have allowed for identification and characterization of monocyte populations in health, aging and in neurodegenerative conditions like multiple sclerosis, indicating heterogeneity of monocyte subsets impacted by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here, we discuss the new tools enabling distinction between macrophage populations and advancements in understanding the importance of monocytes in remyelination, and reflect on the potential for therapeutic targeting of monocytes to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H Forbes
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Tan L, Lu J, Liu L, Li L. Fatty acid binding protein 3 deficiency limits atherosclerosis development via macrophage foam cell formation inhibition. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112768. [PMID: 34370993 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying contributing factor of cardiovascular disease, which is a process of inflammation and lipid-rich lesion. Macrophage-derived foam cell is a key hallmark of atherosclerosis and connected with various factors of lipid metabolism. Here, we showed that fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) was upregulated in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice with high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Knockdown of FABP3 in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice notably facilitated cholesterol efflux, inhibited macrophage foam cell formation, and thus prevented atherogenesis. Furthermore, FABP3 silencing decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Mechanistic studies had disclosed the involvement of PPARγ signaling in balancing cholesterol uptake and efflux and diminishing foam cell formation. These findings firstly revealed an anti-atherogenic role of FABP3 silencing in preventing foamy macrophage formation partly through PPARγ, which might be a beneficial approach for therapying atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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16
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Willems S, Zaienne D, Merk D. Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9592-9638. [PMID: 34251209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, also known as ligand-activated transcription factors, regulate gene expression upon ligand signals and present as attractive therapeutic targets especially in chronic diseases. Despite the therapeutic relevance of some nuclear receptors in various pathologies, their potential in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation is insufficiently established. This perspective gathers preclinical and clinical data for a potential role of individual nuclear receptors as future targets in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and concomitantly evaluates the level of medicinal chemistry targeting these proteins. Considerable evidence suggests the high promise of ligand-activated transcription factors to counteract neurodegenerative diseases with a particularly high potential of several orphan nuclear receptors. However, potent tools are lacking for orphan receptors, and limited central nervous system exposure or insufficient selectivity also compromises the suitability of well-studied nuclear receptor ligands for functional studies. Medicinal chemistry efforts are needed to develop dedicated high-quality tool compounds for the therapeutic validation of nuclear receptors in neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Zaienne
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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