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Wong M, Vasani S, Breik O, Zhang X, Kenny L, Punyadeera C. The potential of hydrogel-free tumoroids in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70129. [PMID: 39169896 PMCID: PMC11339536 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck malignancy, and in particular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is responsible for a significant disease burden globally. The lack of an optimal in vitro model system to accurately recapitulate in vivo response to therapy in HNSCC remains a challenge. The development of patient-derived three-dimensional tumour cultures, or tumoroids, has enabled improved modelling of the tumour microenvironment through simulation of important characteristics such as tumour hypoxia, cell-cell interactions and nutrient diffusion characteristics. METHODS We performed a comprehensive English-language literature review of current methods of tumoroid development utilising Matrigel and Cultrex Basement Membrane Extract 2 (key terms: tumour organoids, tumoroids, hydrogels, Matrigel, Cultrex, squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck)-two common proprietary murine-derived hydrogels containing extracellular matrix proteins. Nascent literature on the establishment of a novel hydrogel-free platform for tumoroid development as distinct from these existing methods was also explored. RESULTS Whilst useful for facilitating cell-matrix interactions and providing a scaffold for three-dimensional cell growth and organisation, murine-derived cell matrix methods were noted to have notable limitations including temperature sensitivity and the medium forming a barrier to analysis of the supernatant. A novel hydrogel-free method of establishing in vitro tumoroid cultures has been subject to experimentation in colorectal but not head and neck malignancy. The absence of a hydrogel provides for the de novo synthesis of extracellular matrix native to the tumour and self-organisation of cells within this scaffold through the use of ultralow attachment plates. This model demonstrates similar structural and physiological properties to native tissue, whilst enabling more accurate biomimicry of the tumour microenvironment for drug testing. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of prior experimentation on a hydrogel-free method for establishing HNSCC tumoroids, and comparisons between hydrogel and hydrogel-free models, the future development of a comparative protocol encompassing recruitment, collection, processing and analysis represents a valuable opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wong
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Omar Breik
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Xi Zhang
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- School of Clinical MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Cancer Care ServicesRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational LaboratoryGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical ScienceGriffith UniversityGold Coast CampusSouthportQueenslandAustralia
- Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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2
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Mastronikolis NS, Kyrodimos E, Piperigkou Z, Spyropoulou D, Delides A, Giotakis E, Alexopoulou M, Bakalis NA, Karamanos NK. Matrix-based molecular mechanisms, targeting and diagnostics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:368-382. [PMID: 38168122 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a head and neck cancer (HNC) with a high mortality rate. OSCC is developed in the oral cavity and it is triggered by many etiologic factors and can metastasize both regionally and distantly. Recent research advances in OSCC improved our understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in and the initiation of OSCC metastasis. The key roles of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in OSCC are an emerging area of intensive research as the ECM macromolecular network is actively involved in events that regulate cellular morphological and functional properties, transcription and cell signaling mechanisms in invasion and metastasis. The provisional matrix that is formed by cancer cells is profoundly different in composition and functions as compared with the matrix of normal tissue. Fibroblasts are mainly responsible for matrix production and remodeling, but in cancer, the tumor matrix in the tumor microenvironment (TME) also originates from cancer cells. Even though extensive research has been conducted on the role of ECM in regulating cancer pathogenesis, its role in modulating OSCC is less elucidated since there are several issues yet to be fully understood. This critical review is focused on recent research as to present and discuss on the involvement of ECM macromolecular effectors (i.e., proteoglycans, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases) in OSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Mastronikolis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Ippokrateion' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Spyropoulou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexander Delides
- 2nd Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Giotakis
- 1st Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Ippokrateion' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- 2nd Otolaryngology Department, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Miranda Alexopoulou
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nick A Bakalis
- Department of Nursing, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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3
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Cheng A, Xu Q, Li B, Zhang L, Wang H, Liu C, Han Z, Feng Z. The enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin mediated by RRAD promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:376. [PMID: 38811531 PMCID: PMC11137138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The tumor margin as the invasive front has been proven to be closely related to the progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, how tumor cells in the marginal region obtain the extra energy needed for tumor progression is still unknown. Here, we used spatial metabolomics and the spatial transcriptome to identify enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin of OSCC and identified that the downregulation of Ras-related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator (RRAD) in tumor cells mediated this process. The absence of RRAD enhanced the ingestion of glucose and malignant behaviors of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, the downregulation of RRAD promoted the internal flow of Ca2+ and elevated its concentration in the nucleus, which resulted in the activation of the CAMKIV-CREB1 axis to induce the transcription of the glucose transporter GLUT3. GLUT inhibitor-1, as an inhibitor of GLUT3, could suppress this vigorous energy metabolism and malignant behaviors caused by the downregulation of RRAD. Taken together, our study revealed that enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin mediated by RRAD promotes the progression of OSCC and proved that GLUT3 is a potential target for future treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoming Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoshi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Wils LJ, Buijze M, Stigter-van Walsum M, Brink A, van Kempen BE, Peferoen L, Brouns ER, de Visscher JGAM, van der Meij EH, Bloemena E, Poell JB, Brakenhoff RH. Genomic Engineering of Oral Keratinocytes to Establish In Vitro Oral Potentially Malignant Disease Models as a Platform for Treatment Investigation. Cells 2024; 13:710. [PMID: 38667326 PMCID: PMC11049138 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Precancerous cells in the oral cavity may appear as oral potentially malignant disorders, but they may also present as dysplasia without visual manifestation in tumor-adjacent tissue. As it is currently not possible to prevent the malignant transformation of these oral precancers, new treatments are urgently awaited. Here, we generated precancer culture models using a previously established method for the generation of oral keratinocyte cultures and incorporated CRISPR/Cas9 editing. The generated cell lines were used to investigate the efficacy of a set of small molecule inhibitors. Tumor-adjacent mucosa and oral leukoplakia biopsies were cultured and genetically characterized. Mutations were introduced in CDKN2A and TP53 using CRISPR/Cas9 and combined with the ectopic activation of telomerase to generate cell lines with prolonged proliferation. The method was tested in normal oral keratinocytes and tumor-adjacent biopsies and subsequently applied to a large set of oral leukoplakia biopsies. Finally, a subset of the immortalized cell lines was used to assess the efficacy of a set of small molecule inhibitors. Culturing and genomic engineering was highly efficient for normal and tumor-adjacent oral keratinocytes, but success rates in oral leukoplakia were remarkably low. Knock-out of CDKN2A in combination with either the activation of telomerase or knock-out of TP53 seemed a prerequisite for immortalization. Prolonged culturing was accompanied by additional genetic aberrations in these cultures. The generated cell lines were more sensitive than normal keratinocytes to small molecule inhibitors of previously identified targets. In conclusion, while very effective for normal keratinocytes and tumor-adjacent biopsies, the success rate of oral leukoplakia cell culturing methods was very low. Genomic engineering enabled the prolonged culturing of OL-derived keratinocytes but was associated with acquired genetic changes. Further studies are required to assess to what extent the immortalized cultures faithfully represent characteristics of the cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J. Wils
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.W.); (J.G.A.M.d.V.); (E.B.)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Buijze
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Brink
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Britt E. van Kempen
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Peferoen
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Elisabeth R. Brouns
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.W.); (J.G.A.M.d.V.); (E.B.)
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G. A. M. de Visscher
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.W.); (J.G.A.M.d.V.); (E.B.)
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. van der Meij
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.W.); (J.G.A.M.d.V.); (E.B.)
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.W.); (J.G.A.M.d.V.); (E.B.)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos B. Poell
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Scemama A, Lunetto S, Tailor A, Di Cio S, Dibble M, Gautrot J, Biddle A. Development of an in vitro microfluidic model to study the role of microenvironmental cells in oral cancer metastasis. F1000Res 2024; 12:439. [PMID: 38434654 PMCID: PMC10904955 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131810.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells leave the primary tumour and travel to a secondary site to form a new lesion. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is recognised to greatly influence this process, with for instance the vascular system enabling the dissemination of the cells into other tissues. However, understanding the exact role of these microenvironmental cells during metastasis has proven challenging. Indeed, in vitro models often appear too simplistic, and the study of the interactions between different cell types in a 3D space is limited. On the other hand, even though in vivo models incorporate the TME, observing cells in real-time to understand their exact role is difficult. Horizontal compartmentalised microfluidic models are a promising new platform for metastasis studies. These devices, composed of adjacent microchannels, can incorporate multiple cell types within a 3D space. Furthermore, the transparency and thickness of these models also enables high quality real-time imaging to be performed. This paper demonstrates how these devices can be successfully used for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis studies, focusing on the role of the vascular system in this process. Conditions for co-culture of OSCC cells and endothelial cells have been determined and staining protocols optimised. Furthermore, several imaging analysis techniques for these models are described, enabling precise segmentation of the different cell types on the images as well as accurate assessment of their phenotype. These methods can be applied to any study aiming to understand the role of microenvironmental cell types in cancer metastatic dissemination, and overcome several challenges encountered with current in vitro and in vivo models. Hence, this new in vitro model capable of recapitulating important aspects of the cellular complexity of human metastatic dissemination can ultimately contribute to replacing animal studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Scemama
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Artysha Tailor
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stefania Di Cio
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthew Dibble
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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Siquara da Rocha LDO, Souza BSDF, Coletta RD, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CA. Mapping Cell-in-Cell Structures in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2418. [PMID: 37830632 PMCID: PMC10572403 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-in-cell (CIC) structures contribute to tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In vitro 3D models may contribute to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these events. We employed a spheroid model to study the CIC structures in OSCC. Spheroids were obtained from OSCC (HSC3) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) lines using the Nanoshuttle-PLTM bioprinting system (Greiner Bio-One). Spheroid form, size, and reproducibility were evaluated over time (EvosTM XL; ImageJ version 1.8). Slides were assembled, stained (hematoxylin and eosin), and scanned (Axio Imager Z2/VSLIDE) using the OlyVIA System (Olympus Life Science) and ImageJ software (NIH) for cellular morphology and tumor zone formation (hypoxia and/or proliferative zones) analysis. CIC occurrence, complexity, and morphology were assessed considering the spheroid regions. Well-formed spheroids were observed within 6 h of incubation, showing the morphological aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxic (core) and proliferative zone (periphery) formation. CIC structures were found in both homotypic and heterotypic groups, predominantly in the proliferative zone of the mixed HSC3/CAF spheroids. "Complex cannibalism" events were also noted. These results showcase the potential of this model in further studies on CIC morphology, formation, and relationship with tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Clarissa A. Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (L.d.O.S.d.R.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Department of Propaedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-150, BA, Brazil
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7
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Han X. The Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models in the Study of Oral Cancer Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4266. [PMID: 37686542 PMCID: PMC10487272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of oral cancer are accompanied by a dynamic interaction with the host immune system, and the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in the development of the tumor. By exploring the cellular immunity of oral cancer, we can gain insight into the contribution of both tumor cells and immune cells to tumorigenesis. This understanding is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies to combat oral cancer. Studies of cancer immunology present unique challenges in terms of modeling due to the extraordinary complexity of the immune system. With its multitude of cellular components, each with distinct subtypes and various activation states, the immune system interacts with cancer cells and other components of the tumor, ultimately shaping the course of the disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture methods fall short of capturing these intricate cellular interactions. Mouse models enable us to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems but have limitations as the murine immune system differs significantly from that of humans. In light of these challenges, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems offer an alternative approach to studying cancer immunology and filling the existing gaps in available models. These 3D culture models provide a means to investigate complex cellular interactions that are difficult to replicate in 2D cultures. The direct study of the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells of human origin offers a more relevant and representative platform compared to mouse models, enabling advancements in our understanding of cancer immunology. This review explores commonly used 3D culture models and highlights their significant contributions to expanding our knowledge of cancer immunology. By harnessing the power of 3D culture systems, we can unlock new insights that pave the way for improved strategies in the battle against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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8
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Marques JROF, González-Alva P, Yu-Tong Lin R, Ferreira Fernandes B, Chaurasia A, Dubey N. Advances in tissue engineering of cancer microenvironment-from three-dimensional culture to three-dimensional printing. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:152-164. [PMID: 37019216 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment development is a complex process, with tumor heterogeneity and inter-patient variations limiting the success of therapeutic intervention. Traditional two-dimensional cell culture has been used to study cancer metabolism, but it fails to capture physiologically relevant cell-cell and cell-environment interactions required to mimic tumor-specific architecture. Over the past three decades, research efforts in the field of 3D cancer model fabrication using tissue engineering have addressed this unmet need. The self-organized and scaffold-based model has shown potential to study the cancer microenvironment and eventually bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as an exciting and novel biofabrication strategy aimed at developing a 3D compartmentalized hierarchical organization with the precise positioning of biomolecules, including living cells. In this review, we discuss the advancements in 3D culture techniques for the fabrication of cancer models, as well as their benefits and limitations. We also highlight future directions associated with technological advances, detailed applicative research, patient compliance, and regulatory challenges to achieve a successful bed-to-bench transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rita Oliveira Faria Marques
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ruby Yu-Tong Lin
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatriz Ferreira Fernandes
- Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group (GIBBO), Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Miyamoto S, Nishikiori N, Sato T, Watanabe M, Umetsu A, Tsugeno Y, Hikage F, Sasaya T, Kato H, Ogi K, Furuhashi M, Ohguro H, Miyazaki A. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Configurations and Cellular Metabolic Properties of Oral Squamous Carcinomas Are Possible Pharmacological and Pathological Indicators. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2793. [PMID: 37345130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and appearance of in vitro three-dimension (3D) spheroid models of oral malignant tumors that were prepared from four pathologically different squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC; low-grade; SSYP and MO-1000, intermediate-grade; LEM2) and oral adenosquamous carcinoma (OASC; high-grade; Mesimo) obtained from patients with different malignant stages. To characterize the biological significance of these cell lines themselves, two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells were subjected to cellular metabolic analysis by a Seahorse bioanalyzer alongside the measurement of the cytotoxicity of cisplatin (CDDP). The appearance of their 3D spheroids was then observed by phase contrast microscopy, and both 2D and 3D cultured cells were subject to trypsin digestion and qPCR analysis of factors related to oncogenic signaling and other related analyses. ATP-linked respiration and proton leaking were significantly different among the four cell lines, and the malignant stages of these cultures were significantly associated with increased ATP-linked respiration and decreased proton leakage. Alternatively, the appearances of these 3D spheroids were also significantly diverse among them, and their differences increased in the order of LEM2, MO-1000, SSYP, and Mesimo. Interestingly, these orders were exactly the same in that the efficacies of CDDP-induced cytotoxicity increased in the same order. qPCR analysis indicated that the levels of expression of oncogenic signaling-related factors varied among these four cell lines, and the values for fibronectin and a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1α, were prominently elevated in cultures of the worst malignant Mesimo cells. In addition, although 0.25% trypsin-induced destruction was comparable among all four 2D cultured cells, the values for the 3D spheroids were also substantially varied among these cultures. The findings reported herein indicate that cellular metabolic functions and 3D spheroid architectures may be valuable and useful indicators for estimating the pathological and drug-sensitive aspects of OSCC and OASC malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Miyamoto
- Departments of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nami Nishikiori
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuri Tsugeno
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaya
- Departments of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Departments of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Departments of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Departments of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Spporo 060-8556, Japan
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10
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Igawa K, Izumi K, Sakurai Y. Development of the Follow-Up Human 3D Oral Cancer Model in Cancer Treatment. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020035. [PMID: 37218752 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As function preservation cancer therapy, targeted radiation therapies have been developed for the quality of life of cancer patients. However, preclinical animal studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of targeted radiation therapy is challenging from the viewpoints of animal welfare and animal protection, as well as the management of animal in radiation-controlled areas under the regulations. We fabricated the human 3D oral cancer model that considers the time axis of the follow up in cancer treatment. Therefore, in this study, the 3D model with human oral cancer cells and normal oral fibroblasts was treated based on clinical protocol. After cancer treatment, the histological findings of the 3D oral cancer model indicated the clinical correlation between tumor response and surrounding normal tissue. This 3D model has potential as a tool for preclinical studies alternative to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyo Igawa
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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11
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Chitturi Suryaprakash RT, Shearston K, Farah CS, Fox SA, Iqbal MM, Kadolsky U, Zhong X, Saxena A, Kujan O. A Novel Preclinical In Vitro 3D Model of Oral Carcinogenesis for Biomarker Discovery and Drug Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044096. [PMID: 36835505 PMCID: PMC9967961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model of oral carcinogenesis for the rapid, scalable testing of chemotherapeutic agents. Spheroids of normal (HOK) and dysplastic (DOK) human oral keratinocytes were cultured and treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). A 3D invasion assay using Matrigel was performed to validate the model. RNA was extracted and subjected to transcriptomic analysis to validate the model and assess carcinogen-induced changes. The VEGF inhibitors pazopanib and lenvatinib were tested in the model and were validated by a 3D invasion assay, which demonstrated that changes induced by the carcinogen in spheroids were consistent with a malignant phenotype. Further validation was obtained by bioinformatic analyses, which showed the enrichment of pathways associated with hallmarks of cancer and VEGF signalling. Overexpression of common genes associated with tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), such as MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, YAP1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, was also observed. Pazopanib and lenvatinib inhibited the invasion of transformed spheroids. In summary, we successfully established a 3D spheroid model of oral carcinogenesis for biomarker discovery and drug testing. This model is a validated preclinical model for OSCC development and would be suitable for testing a range of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Simon A. Fox
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad Munir Iqbal
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics WA, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Tevlek A, Kecili S, Ozcelik OS, Kulah H, Tekin HC. Spheroid Engineering in Microfluidic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3630-3649. [PMID: 36743071 PMCID: PMC9893254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques are commonly employed to investigate biophysical and biochemical cellular responses. However, these culture methods, having monolayer cells, lack cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, mimicking the cell microenvironment and multicellular organization. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture methods enable equal transportation of nutrients, gas, and growth factors among cells and their microenvironment. Therefore, 3D cultures show similar cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation properties to in vivo. A spheroid is defined as self-assembled 3D cell aggregates, and it closely mimics a cell microenvironment in vitro thanks to cell-cell/matrix interactions, which enables its use in several important applications in medical and clinical research. To fabricate a spheroid, conventional methods such as liquid overlay, hanging drop, and so forth are available. However, these labor-intensive methods result in low-throughput fabrication and uncontrollable spheroid sizes. On the other hand, microfluidic methods enable inexpensive and rapid fabrication of spheroids with high precision. Furthermore, fabricated spheroids can also be cultured in microfluidic devices for controllable cell perfusion, simulation of fluid shear effects, and mimicking of the microenvironment-like in vivo conditions. This review focuses on recent microfluidic spheroid fabrication techniques and also organ-on-a-chip applications of spheroids, which are used in different disease modeling and drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Tevlek
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ozge S. Ozcelik
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- METU
MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- The
Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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13
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Opposing MMP-9 Expression in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Head and Neck Tumor Cells after Direct 2D and 3D Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021293. [PMID: 36674806 PMCID: PMC9861345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) respond to a variety of tumor cell-derived signals, such as inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. As a result, the inflammatory tumor microenvironment may lead to the recruitment of BMSCs. Whether BMSCs in the tumor environment are more likely to promote tumor growth or tumor suppression is still controversial. In our experiments, direct 3D co-culture of BMSCs with tumor cells from the head and neck region (HNSCC) results in strong expression and secretion of MMP-9. The observed MMP-9 secretion mainly originates from BMSCs, leading to increased invasiveness. In addition to our in vitro data, we show in vivo data based on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Our results demonstrate that MMP-9 induces hemorrhage and increased perfusion in BMSC/HNSCC co-culture. While we had previously outlined that MMP-9 expression and secretion originate from BMSCs, our data showed a strong downregulation of MMP-9 promoter activity in HNSCC cells upon direct contact with BMSCs using the luciferase activity assay. Interestingly, the 2D and 3D models of direct co-culture suggest different drivers for the downregulation of MMP-9 promoter activity. Whereas the 3D model depicts a BMSC-dependent downregulation, the 2D model shows cell density-dependent downregulation. In summary, our data suggest that the direct interaction of HNSCC cells and BMSCs promotes tumor progression by significantly facilitating angiogenesis via MMP-9 expression. On the other hand, data from 3D and 2D co-culture models indicate opposing regulation of the MMP-9 promoter in tumor cells once stromal cells are involved.
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14
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Sonagra A, Yadav D, Vajaria BN, Parchwani D. Integrating Cutting-Edge Methods to Oral Cancer Screening, Analysis, and Prognosis. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:11-44. [PMID: 37830214 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) has become a significant barrier to health worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. OC is among the most prevalent types of cancer that affect the head and neck region, and the overall survival rate at 5 years is still around 50%. Moreover, it is a multifactorial malignancy instigated by genetic and epigenetic variabilities, and molecular heterogeneity makes it a complex malignancy. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are often the first warning signs of OC, although it is challenging to predict which cases will develop into malignancies. Visual oral examination and histological examination are still the standard initial steps in diagnosing oral lesions; however, these approaches have limitations that might lead to late diagnosis of OC or missed diagnosis of OPMDs in high-risk individuals. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the currently used novel techniques viz., liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray, nanotechnology, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the clinical diagnostics and management of this malignancy. The potential of these novel techniques in expanding OC diagnostics and clinical management is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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15
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Seliger B, Al-Samadi A, Yang B, Salo T, Wickenhauser C. In vitro models as tools for screening treatment options of head and neck cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:971726. [PMID: 36160162 PMCID: PMC9489836 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.971726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various in vitro models using primary and established 2- and 3-dimensional cultures, multicellular tumor spheroids, standardized tumor slice cultures, tumor organoids, and microfluidic systems obtained from tumor lesions/biopsies of head and neck cancer (HNC) have been employed for exploring and monitoring treatment options. All of these in vitro models are to a different degree able to capture the diversity of tumors, recapitulate the disease genetically, histologically, and functionally and retain their tumorigenic potential upon xenotransplantation. The models were used for the characterization of the malignant features of the tumors and for in vitro screens of drugs approved for the treatment of HNC, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as recently developed targeted therapies and immunotherapies, or for novel treatments not yet licensed for these tumor entities. The implementation of the best suitable model will enlarge our knowledge of the oncogenic properties of HNC, expand the drug repertoire and help to develop individually tailored treatment strategies resulting in the translation of these findings into the clinic. This review summarizes the different approaches using preclinical in vitro systems with their advantages and disadvantages and their implementation as preclinical platforms to predict disease course, evaluate biomarkers and test therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Barbara Seliger,
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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16
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Moya-Garcia CR, Okuyama H, Sadeghi N, Li J, Tabrizian M, Li-Jessen NYK. In vitro models for head and neck cancer: Current status and future perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960340. [PMID: 35992863 PMCID: PMC9381731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year overall survival rate remains approximately 50% for head and neck (H&N) cancer patients, even though new cancer drugs have been approved for clinical use since 2016. Cancer drug studies are now moving toward the use of three-dimensional culture models for better emulating the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) and better predicting in vivo response to cancer treatments. Distinctive TME features, such as tumor geometry, heterogenous cellularity, and hypoxic cues, notably affect tissue aggressiveness and drug resistance. However, these features have not been fully incorporated into in vitro H&N cancer models. This review paper aims to provide a scholarly assessment of the designs, contributions, and limitations of in vitro models in H&N cancer drug research. We first review the TME features of H&N cancer that are most relevant to in vitro drug evaluation. We then evaluate a selection of advanced culture models, namely, spheroids, organotypic models, and microfluidic chips, in their applications for H&N cancer drug research. Lastly, we propose future opportunities of in vitro H&N cancer research in the prospects of high-throughput drug screening and patient-specific drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideaki Okuyama
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nader Sadeghi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
| | - Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
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17
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Shree Harini K, Ezhilarasan D, Lakshmi T. Patient derived tumour organoids: An emerging strategy in oral cancer research and therapeutics. Oral Oncol 2022; 131:105954. [PMID: 35671689 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India
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18
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Molecular Research on Oral Diseases and Related Biomaterials: A Journey from Oral Cell Models to Advanced Regenerative Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095288. [PMID: 35563679 PMCID: PMC9105421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer affect millions of people worldwide. Much research has been conducted to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases and translate this knowledge into therapeutics. This review aims to take the reader on a journey from the initial molecular discoveries to complex regenerative issues in oral medicine. For this, a semi-systematic literature search was carried out in Medline and Web of Science databases to retrieve the primary literature describing oral cell models and biomaterial applications in oral regenerative medicine. First, an in vitro cell model of gingival keratinocytes is discussed, which illustrates patho- and physiologic principles in the context of oral epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis and represents a cellular tool to understand biomaterial-based approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration. Consequently, a layered gradient nonwoven (LGN) is described, which demonstrates that the key features of biomaterials serve as candidates for oral tissue regeneration. LGN supports proper tissue formation and obeys the important principles for molecular mechanotransduction. Furthermore, current biomaterial-based tissue regeneration trends, including polymer modifications, cell-based treatments, antimicrobial peptides and optogenetics, are introduced to represent the full spectrum of current approaches to oral disease mitigation and prevention. Altogether, this review is a foray through established and new concepts in oral regenerative medicine and illustrates the process of knowledge translation from basic molecular and cell biological research to future clinical applications.
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20
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Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Treated with Combined Methyltransferase Inhibitors and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040763. [PMID: 35453513 PMCID: PMC9029187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTis), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), and the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects, have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of combined DNMTis (5-Aza-deoxycytidine: 5-Aza-dC, RG108), HMTis (3-deazaneplanocin A: DZNep), and HDACis (trichostatin A: TSA) treatment on human OSCC cells and explored their molecular mechanisms. Combined 5-Aza-dC, or RG108, and TSA treatment significantly decreased HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cell viability. Combinatorial DZNep and TSA treatment also decreased Ca9-22 cell viability. Although caspase 3/7 activation was not observed in HSC-2 cells following combined treatment, caspase activity was significantly increased in Ca9-22 cells treated with DZNep and TSA. Moreover, combined treatment with 5-Aza-dC, RG108, and TSA increased the proportion of HSC-2 and Ca9-22 cells in the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, increased phosphorylation of the histone variant H2A.X, a marker of double-stranded DNA breaks, was observed in both cells after combination treatment. Hence, the decreased viability induced by combined treatment with epigenomic inhibitors results from apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases. Thus, epigenomic therapy comprising combined low concentrations of DNMTi, HMTi, and HDACi is effective against OSCC.
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Lai Y, Wang B, Zheng X. Limiting dilution assay to quantify the self-renewal potential of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 171:197-213. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Porcheri C, Mitsiadis TA. New Scenarios in Pharmacological Treatments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215515. [PMID: 34771677 PMCID: PMC8583200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer with a lethal outcome in half of the diagnosed cases. Mostly, HNSCC develops in the oral cavity, and its development is associated with tobacco and areca nut/betel quid usage, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, as other head and neck cancers, presents a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity, which makes their treatment difficult, and directly correlates with drug resistance. Since the classical treatments for HNSCC oftentimes do not resolve the clinical picture, there is great need for novel therapeutic approaches, models for drug testing, and new drug delivery systems.
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