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Gonçalves-Filho D, De Souza D. Trends in pulse voltammetric techniques applied to foodstuffs analysis: The food additives detection. Food Chem 2024; 454:139710. [PMID: 38815328 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Food additives are chemical compounds intentionally added during foodstuff production to control technological functions, such as pH, viscosity, stability (color, flavor, taste, and odor), homogeneity, and loss of nutritional value. These compounds are fundamental in inhibition the degradation process and prolonging the shelf life of foodstuffs. However, their inadequate employment or overconsumption can adversely affect consumers' health with the development of allergies, hematological, autoimmune, and reproductive disorders, as well as the development of some types of cancer. Thus, the development and application of simple, fast, low-cost, sensitivity, and selectivity analytical methods for identifying and quantifying food additives from various chemical classes and in different foodstuffs are fundamental to quality control and ensuring food safety. This review presents trends in the detection of food additives in foodstuffs using differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, the main pulse voltammetric techniques, indicating the advantages, drawbacks, and applicability in food analysis. Are discussed the importance of adequate choices of working electrode materials in the improvements of analytical results, allowing reliable, accurate, and inexpensive voltammetric methods for detecting these compounds in foodstuffs samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gonçalves-Filho
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil.
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Galal SAB, Madhat Mousa M, Elzanfaly ES, Hussien EM, Amer EAH, Zaazaa HE. Quantitative analysis of residual butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole in Salmo salar, milk, and butter by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 453:139653. [PMID: 38788645 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are two commonly used antioxidants with potential health risks associated with excessive intake from multiple sources. Several countries have implemented strict regulations to curb these risks. This study presents a simple LC-MS/MS method for estimating BHT and BHA levels in Salmo salar, butter, and milk. To mitigate any potential interference from the three complex matrices with the ionisation of the target analytes, the method utilised the standard addition approach. The mobile phase used to elute the analytes consisted of 0.1 % formic acid in a mixture of water and acetonitrile (25:75 v/v). Both antioxidants were detected in negative ionisation mode. BHT was identified through single-ion monitoring at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 219.4, while BHA was detected using multiple-reaction monitoring, with a transition from m/z 164.0 to 149.0. The environmental assessment of the applied procedures verified that the approach is eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Madhat Mousa
- Technoscient for Lab and Optical Products, 13 Abdel Salam Aref Street (Ex Bustan Street) Bab El Louk, Cairo 2737, Egypt.
| | - Eman Saad Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr ElـAini Street, Cairo, 11562 Egypt.
| | - Emad Mohamed Hussien
- Egyptian Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | | | - Hala Elsayed Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr ElـAini Street, Cairo, 11562 Egypt.
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Dendooven E, Naessens T, Foubert K, Hermans N, Aerts O. Tert-butylhydroquinone and tert-butylcatechol positivity as warning lights of skin sensitization to tert-butylphenol derivatives in adhesives and diabetes devices. Contact Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 39168925 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tert-butylphenol (TBP) derivatives, antioxidants in adhesives and diabetes devices, may provoke allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to report sensitization to TBP derivatives in medical devices and to highlight that tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) and tert-butylcatechol (TBC) are potential screeners in this regard. METHODS Fifteen patients with ACD from adhesives and diabetes devices were patch tested to different TBPs: BHQ 1% pet., TBC 0.25% pet., BHA 2% pet., BHT 2% pet., 4-tert-butylphenol (TBP) 1% pet. and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (di TBP) 1% pet. The culprit devices (medical adhesives, sanitary pads, diabetes devices) and TBP patch preparations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS BHQ (9/13), TBC (7/13), and to a lesser extent BHT (3/15), BHA (2/15) and TBP (2/13) gave positive reactions. Seven patients had developed ACD from adhesives and diabetes devices, respectively, and one patient from sanitary pads. GC-MS analyses of the medical devices and patch test materials confirmed the presence of the patch-test positive TBPs, or chemically related derivatives, or, interestingly, tert-butylbenzoquinones (BBQ) were found, that is, spontaneously formed, highly reactive TBP metabolites, likely (pseudo-) cross reacting with the patch tested TBPs. CONCLUSION TBPs might be overlooked sensitizers in medical devices, and BHQ and TBC are potential screeners in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Dendooven
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tania Naessens
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis-Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier Aerts
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Li W, Chen Y, Li X, Zhong Y, Xu P, Teng Y. Ultrasensitive SERS quantitative detection of antioxidants via diazo derivatization reaction and deep learning for signal fluctuation mitigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124086. [PMID: 38442618 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic antioxidants serve as essential protectors against oxidation and deterioration of edible oils, however, prudent evaluation is necessary regarding potential health risks associated with excessive intake. The direct adsorption of antioxidants onto conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is challenging due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures, resulting in weak Raman scattering signals and rendering direct SERS detection difficult. In this study, a diazo derivatization reaction was employed to enhance SERS signals by converting antioxidant molecules into azo derivatives, enabling the amplification of the weak Raman scattering signals through the strong vibrational modes induced by the N = N double bond. The resulting diazo derivatives were characterized using UV-visible absorption and infrared spectroscopy, confirming the occurrence of diazo derivatization of the antioxidants. The proposed method successfully achieved the rapid detection of three commonly used synthetic antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG) on interfacial self-assembled gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, rapid predictions of BHA, PG, and TBHQ within the concentration range of 1 × 10-6 to 2 × 10-3 mol/L were achieved by integrating a convolutional neural network model. The predictive range of this model surpassed the traditional quantitative method of manually selecting characteristic peaks, with linear coefficients (R2) of 0.9992, 0.9997, and 0.9997, respectively. The recovery of antioxidants in real soybean oil samples ranged from 73.0 % to 126.4 %. Based on diazo derivatization, the proposed SERS method eliminates the need for complex substrates and enables the analysis and determination of synthetic antioxidants in edible oils within 20 min, providing a convenient analytical approach for quality control in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanjie Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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5
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Galal SAB, Elzanfaly ES, Hussien EM, Amer EAH, Zaazaa HE. Spectrofluorimetric determination of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole in their combined formulation: application to butylated hydroxyanisole residual analysis in milk and butter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4498. [PMID: 38402246 PMCID: PMC10894300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are two antioxidants that have been extensively used in many applications. Both are well known for their debatable health risks due to their multiple intake sources. Therefore, conservative limits are set for them in different regulations adapted to the matrices in which they exist. Here we present a simple spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of BHT and BHA based on their native fluorescence and synchronous scanning mode. The type of solvent and the interval between emission and excitation wavelengths were carefully optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities were obtained between the emission intensity and the corresponding concentrations of BHT and BHA over the range of 3-18 µg/mL and 0.1-7 µg/mL, respectively with a good correlation coefficient (r > 0.99). The limits of detection were 0.9 and 0.02 µg/mL, and the quantification limits were 3 and 0.05 µg/mL for BHT and BHA, respectively. The suggested procedure was validated according to ICH guidelines Q2 (R1). Furthermore, the method's greenness was assessed by three different methods, and it proved to be eco-reasonable. The method was successfully applied to the determination of BHT and BHA in pharmaceutical formulations. We also applied the suggested method for monitoring the residual BHA in conventional, powdered milk and butter, with good recovery in spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Saad Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala Elsayed Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Assunção LS, Oliveira de Souza C, Shahidi F, Santos Oliveira T, Assis DDJ, Pereira Santos LF, Nunes IL, Machado BAS, Ferreira Ribeiro CD. Optimization and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrid Crude Palm Oil Unaué HIE OxG Nanoparticles with Vegetable By-Products as Encapsulants. Foods 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 38397500 PMCID: PMC10887919 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybrid crude palm oil (HCPO) HIE OxG derived from crossbred African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and American Caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) is prominent for its fatty acid and antioxidant compositions (carotenoids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols), lower production cost, and high pest resistance properties compared to crude palm oil. Biodegradable and sustainable encapsulants derived from vegetable byproducts were used to formulate HCPO nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with hybrid crude palm oil and jackfruit seed flour as a wall material (N-JSF) and with hybrid crude palm oil and jackfruit axis flour as a wall material (N-JAF) were optimized using a 22 experimental design. They exhibited nanoscale diameters (<250 nm) and were characterized based on their zeta potential, apparent viscosity, pH, color, and total carotenoid content. The nanoparticles demonstrated a monodisperse distribution, good uniformity, and stability (polydispersity index < 0.25; zeta potentials: N-JSF -19.50 ± 1.47 mV and N-JAF -12.50 ± 0.17 mV), as well as high encapsulation efficiency (%) (N-JSF 86.44 ± 0.01 and N-JAF 90.43 ± 1.34) and an optimal carotenoid retention (>85%). These nanoparticles show potential for use as sustainable and clean-label HCPO alternatives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Santos Assunção
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Tainara Santos Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
| | - Denilson de Jesus Assis
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPEQ), Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil;
| | - Luis Fernandes Pereira Santos
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, Rua Basilio da Gama-w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil;
| | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Admar Gonzaga Highway, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis 88034-000, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical’s Formulations, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), National Service of Industrial Learning, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil;
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Food Science, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (L.S.A.); (C.O.d.S.); (T.S.O.)
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Basílio da Gama Street, Rua Basilio da Gama-w/n-Campus Canela, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil;
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Yu N, Wu Z, Wang Y, Zongo AWS, Nie X, Lu Y, Ye Q, Meng X. Formation of adducts during digestion triggered dietary protein for alleviating cytotoxicity of 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114200. [PMID: 38029872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ), a degradation product of lipid antioxidant Tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), is a new hazardous compound in foods. This study investigated whether co-ingestion of dietary protein and TBBQ can alleviate the toxicity of TBBQ. The results indicated that soy protein isolate, whey protein isolate, and rice protein significantly reduced the residual amount of TBBQ during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This result was attributed to the excellent elimination capacity of the released amino acids for TBBQ through formation of adducts. Among 20 amino acids, histidine, lysine, glycine, and cysteine showed better elimination capacity for TBBQ; they can eliminate 92.1%, 89.4%, 86.1%, and almost 100%, respectively, in 5 min at pH 8.0. Further study indicated that amino acids with lower ionization constant exhibited greater TBBQ elimination capacity. In addition, incubation of the cells with 50 μM TBBQ for 12 h decreased the cell viability to 28.95 ± 3.25%; while amino acids intervention was involved in the alleviation of TBBQ cytotoxicity via decreasing ROS. Particularly, cysteine showed 100 times more TBBQ detoxifying capacity than other amino acids. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of amino acids for detoxifying TBBQ in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyi Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Ye
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Luo Z, Li S, Zhang Y, Yin F, Luo H, Chen X, Cui N, Wan S, Li X, Kong L, Wang X. Oxazole-4-carboxamide/butylated hydroxytoluene hybrids with GSK-3β inhibitory and neuroprotective activities against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115415. [PMID: 37172476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cells overexpressing phosphorylated Tau proteins can increase the susceptibility to oxidative stress. Regulation of glycogen synthase-3β (GSK-3β) and reduction of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, along with alleviation of oxidative stress, may be an effective way to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, a series of Oxazole-4-carboxamide/butylated hydroxytoluene hybrids were designed and synthesized to achieve multifunctional effects on AD. The biological evaluation showed that the optimized compound KWLZ-9e displayed potential GSK-3β (IC50 = 0.25 μM) inhibitory activity and neuroprotective capacity. Tau protein inhibition assays showed that KWLZ-9e reduced the expression of GSK-3β and downstream p-Tau in HEK GSK-3β 293T cells. Meanwhile, KWLZ-9e could alleviate H2O2-induced ROS damage, mitochondrial membrane potential imbalance, Ca2+ influx and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies suggest that KWLZ-9e activates the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and enhances the expression of downstream oxidative stress proteins including TrxR1, HO-1, NQO1, GCLM to exert cytoprotective effects. We also confirmed that KWLZ-9e could ameliorate learning and memory impairments in vivo model of AD. The multifunctional properties of KWLZ-9e suggest that it is a promising lead for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ningjie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Xue W, Macleod J, Blaxland J. The Use of Ozone Technology to Control Microorganism Growth, Enhance Food Safety and Extend Shelf Life: A Promising Food Decontamination Technology. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040814. [PMID: 36832889 PMCID: PMC9957223 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for microorganism control in the food industry has promoted research in food processing technologies. Ozone is considered to be a promising food preserving technique and has gained great interest due to its strong oxidative properties and significant antimicrobial efficiency, and because its decomposition leaves no residues in foods. In this ozone technology review, the properties and the oxidation potential of ozone, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the microorganism inactivation efficiency of both gaseous and aqueous ozone, are explained, as well as the mechanisms of ozone inactivation of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, fungi, mould, and biofilms. This review focuses on the latest scientific studies on the effects of ozone in controlling microorganism growth, maintaining food appearance and sensorial organoleptic qualities, assuring nutrient contents, enhancing the quality of food, and extending food shelf life, e.g., vegetables, fruits, meat, and grain products. The multifunctionality effects of ozone in food processing, in both gaseous and aqueous form, have promoted its use in the food industries to meet the increased consumer preference for a healthy diet and ready-to-eat products, although ozone may present undesirable effects on physicochemical characteristics on certain food products at high concentrations. The combined uses of ozone and other techniques (hurdle technology) have shown a promotive future in food processing. It can be concluded from this review that the application of ozone technology upon food requires increased research; specifically, the use of treatment conditions such as concentration and humidity for food and surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xue
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Joshua Macleod
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - James Blaxland
- ZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Cardiff School of Sports and Health Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Lakeev AP, Yanovskaya EA, Yanovsky VA, Andropov MO, Frelikh GA, Yu Chukicheva I, Kutchin AV. LC-MS/MS method for the determination of a semi-synthetic phenolic antioxidant 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol in rats after different administration routes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1213:123537. [PMID: 36455390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IBP (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol) is a small drug molecule with antioxidant properties considered to be a promising neuro-, cardio-, and retinoprotective agent. In this study, a bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method for its determination in rat plasma was developed using 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction technique using isopropyl alcohol:chloroform mixture (1:5, v/v) followed by evaporation and reconstitution of the residues in acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was carried out on the EC Nucleodur C8 ec column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) under an isocratic elution mode using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid (97:3, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.55 mL/min (40 °C). The IS and IBP were eluted at 3.79 ± 0.02 and 6.30 ± 0.02 min, respectively. The total analysis time was 7.00 min. Multiple reaction monitoring was used to conduct the MS/MS detection in the negative ion mode with transitions at m/z 245.9 → 214.9 (IS) and 379.2 → 256.0 (IBP). Validation studies of the developed method revealed good linearity over the range of 10-5,000 ng/mL. Within- and between-run accuracy was in the range of 92-110%, while within- and between-run precision was below 8%. Additionally, low matrix effects and high recovery (above 98%) were observed. IBP remained stable in rat plasma at room temperature for 4 h, at -80 °C for 21 days, over three freeze-thaw cycles, under vacuum concentrator (45 °C, dried residues) and auto-sampler (15 °C, processed samples) temperatures for 1 h and 24 h, respectively. Subsequently, the validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to quantitate IBP in actual plasma samples after a single oral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous dose of IBP (10 mg/kg in the peach oil) to rats. Pharmacokinetic studies show that more rapid and complete IBP absorption with a satisfactory excretion rate were observed after oral administration route compared to the intramuscular and subcutaneous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Lakeev
- Scientific and Educational Center "Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use", National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Elena A Yanovskaya
- Scientific and Educational Center "Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use", National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav A Yanovsky
- Scientific and Educational Center "Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use", National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Mikhail O Andropov
- Scientific and Educational Center "Perspective Materials and Technologies in Subsoil Use", National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A Frelikh
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Chukicheva
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167000, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V Kutchin
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167000, Russia
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11
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Detection of Synthetic Antioxidants: What Factors Affect the Efficiency in the Chromatographic Analysis and in the Electrochemical Analysis? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27207137. [PMID: 36296730 PMCID: PMC9611030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are food additives largely employed to inhibit oxidative reactions in foodstuffs rich in oils and fat lipids, extending the shelf life of foodstuffs and inhibiting alterations in color, flavor, smell, and loss of nutritional value. However, various research has demonstrated that the inadequate use of synthetic antioxidants results in environmental and health problems due to the fact that some of these compounds present toxicity, and their presence in the human body, in high concentrations, is related to the development of some cancer types and other diseases. Therefore, the development of analytical methods for identifying and quantifying synthetic antioxidants in foodstuffs is fundamental to quality control and in ensuring consumer food safety. This review describes the recent chromatographic and electrochemical techniques used in the detection of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs, highlighting the main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and specific typical features, which include extraction methods for sample preparation and materials used in the working electrode construction, considering chromatographic and voltammetric methods, since these specific features influence the efficiency in the analysis.
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12
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Rashid R, Wani SM, Manzoor S, Masoodi F, Dar MM. Improving oxidative stability of edible oils with nanoencapsulated orange peel extract powder during accelerated shelf life storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Azevedo AG, Barros C, Miranda S, Machado AV, Castro O, Silva B, Saraiva M, Silva AS, Pastrana L, Carneiro OS, Cerqueira MA. Active Flexible Films for Food Packaging: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122442. [PMID: 35746023 PMCID: PMC9228407 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Active food packaging is a dynamic area where the scientific community and industry have been trying to find new strategies to produce innovative packaging that is economically viable and compatible with conventional production processes. The materials used to develop active packaging can be organized into scavenging and emitting materials, and based on organic and inorganic materials. However, the incorporation of these materials in polymer-based flexible packaging is not always straightforward. The challenges to be faced are mainly related to active agents’ sensitivity to high temperatures or difficulties in dispersing them in the high viscosity polymer matrix. This review provides an overview of methodologies and processes used in the production of active packaging, particularly for the production of active flexible films at the industrial level. The direct incorporation of active agents in polymer films is presented, focusing on the processing conditions and their effect on the active agent, and final application of the packaging material. Moreover, the incorporation of active agents by coating technologies and supercritical impregnation are presented. Finally, the use of carriers to help the incorporation of active agents and several methodologies is discussed. This review aims to guide academic and industrial researchers in the development of active flexible packaging, namely in the selection of the materials, methodologies, and process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Azevedo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Carolina Barros
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Sónia Miranda
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Ana Vera Machado
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Olga Castro
- Vizelpas—Flexible Films, S.A., Rua da Fundição, 8, Vilarinho, 4795-791 Santo Tirso, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Silva
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- INSA—National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research I.P., Portugal and CECA-Center for Study in Animal Science, ICETA, University of Porto, Vairão, 4099-002 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Olga Sousa Carneiro
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhang H, Song R, Guo F, Chai L, Wang W, Zeng J, Yu H, Ji L. Using Physical Organic Chemistry Knowledge to Predict Unusual Metabolites of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants by Cytochrome P450. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:840-848. [PMID: 35416036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation, especially by human CYP450 enzymes, plays a crucial role in regulating the toxicity of organic compounds in organisms, but is poorly understood for most emerging pollutants, as their numerous "unusual" biotransformation reactions cannot retrieve examples from the textbooks. Therefore, in order to predict the unknown metabolites with altering toxicological profiles, there is a realistic need to develop efficient methods to reveal the "unusual" metabolic mechanism of emerging pollutants. Combining experimental work with computational predictions has been widely accepted as an effective approach in studying complex metabolic reactions; however, the full quantum chemical computations may not be easily accessible for most environmentalists. Alternatively, this work practiced using the concepts from physical organic chemistry for studying the interrelationships between structure and reactivity of organic molecules, to reveal the "unusual" metabolic mechanism of synthetic phenolic antioxidants catalyzed by CYP450, for which the simple pencil-and-paper and property-computation methods based on physical organic chemistry were performed. The phenol-coupling product of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (based on spin aromatic delocalization) and ipso-addition quinol metabolite of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (based on hyperconjugative effect) were predicted as two "unusual" metabolites, which were further confirmed by our in vitro analysis. We hope this easily handled approach will promote environmentalists to attach importance to physical organic chemistry, with an eye to being able to use the knowledge gained to efficiently predict the fates of substantial unknown synthesized organic compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanni Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Runqian Song
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- School of Management Engineering and Electronic Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wuwei Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jingyi Zeng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Li Ji
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road 1, Xuzhou 221116, China
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15
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Zhu TT, Zhu CN, Huang N, Yu X, Wan GR, Wang SX, Song P, Xu J, Li P, Yin YL. Tert-Butylhydroquinone alleviates insulin resistance and liver steatosis in diabetes. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:118-125. [PMID: 35546463 PMCID: PMC9249147 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_440_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to determine tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)'s effects on insulin resistance (IR) and liver steatosis in diabetic animals and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male ApoE-/-mice underwent streptozocin (STZ) administration while receiving a sucrose/fat-rich diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) establishment. This was followed by a 6-week TBHQ administration. Body weight, fasting (FBG) and postprandial (PBG) blood glucose amounts, and insulin concentrations were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and immunoblot were carried out for assessing histology and protein amounts in the liver tissue samples. In addition, cultured HepG2 cells were administered HClO and insulin for IR induction, and immunoblot was carried out for protein evaluation. Finally, the cells were stained with the Hoechst dye for apoptosis evaluation. RESULTS: The model animals showed T2DM signs, and TBHQ decreased FBG, ameliorated glucose tolerance and reduced liver steatosis in these animals. In addition, TBHQ markedly upregulated AMPKα2, GLUT4 and GSK3 β, as well as phosphorylated PI3K and AKT in the liver of mice with T2DM. In agreement, TBHQ decreased HClO-and insulin-related IR in cells and suppressed apoptosis through AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS: TBHQ alleviates IR and liver steatosis in a mouse model of T2DM likely through AMPKα2/PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development; Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key, Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
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Elnour AAM, Mirghani MES, Kabbashi NA, Musa KH, Shahabipour F, Ashammakhi N, Hamid AN. Comparative Study of the Characterisation and Extraction Techniques of Polyphenolic Compounds from Acacia seyal gum. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract
Acacia seyal gum is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds (NPPCs) and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment. The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from Acacia seyal gum (ASG). The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs.
Objectives
This study investigates five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity, namely: homogenisation, shaking, ultrasonication, magnetic stirring, and maceration.
Materials and Methods
The evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AoA) of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays, namely: Total Flavonoids Content (TFC), Folin-Ciocalteu index (FCI), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC).
Results
To minimise the dataset dimensionality requires Principal Component Analysis. The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG, with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA. However, the maceration process was slow (12 h) compared to ultrasonication (1 h). Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact productivity.
Conclusions
These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Elnour
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Gum Arabic & Desertification Studies (IGADS), University of Kordofan, Sudan, Elobied, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E S Mirghani
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nassereldeen A Kabbashi
- Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Hamid Musa
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahimeh Shahabipour
- Skin Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abdurahman Nour Hamid
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia Pahang Gambang, Malaysia
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Akhter S, Hossain MW, Sultana S, Ferdous Jharna J, Sultana Meghla N, Alam R, Anis-Ul-Haque K, Mashiar Rahman M. Ruellia prostrata Poir. activity evaluated by phytoconstituents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and in silico molecular functions. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Wang W, Xiong P, Zhang H, Zhu Q, Liao C, Jiang G. Analysis, occurrence, toxicity and environmental health risks of synthetic phenolic antioxidants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111531. [PMID: 34146526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous improvement of living standards is related to higher requirements for the freshness and taste of food. For example, synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are added to fats and fried foods as food additives to minimize the oxidative rancidity of oils and fats. Hence, the global use of SPAs is increasing year by year. Dibutyl hydroxytoluene is one of the widely used SPAs, often in combination with butyl hydroxyanisole or gallate SPAs. The extensive use of these compounds makes them and their transformation products to be widespread in various environmental matrices, including indoor dust, wastewater, river water, sewage sludge, and sediment, as well as human samples, such as nails and urine, at concentrations varying from nanogram per gram (ng/g) to microgram per gram (μg/g). Animal experiments have shown that high-dose SPA exposure is toxic, which may lead to DNA damage and mismatches and the development of cancerous tumors. Since the biosphere shares the same set of genetic codes, humans and animals have many identical or similar feedback mechanisms and information pathways. Therefore, the damage of SPAs to animals may also threaten human health. This review discusses the properties, occurrence, analysis, and environmental health risks of typical SPAs, including butyl hydroxyanisole, dibutyl hydroxytoluene, tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, octyl gallate, and lauryl gallate, used as food additives. In addition, AO2246, which is used in food packaging bags, is also considered. Future research directions on SPAs and their transformation products (TPs) are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Relationship between Antioxidant Activity and Ligand Basicity in the Dipicolinate Series of Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189886. [PMID: 34576048 PMCID: PMC8467204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many serious diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and myocardial infarction. In the body’s natural biochemical processes, harmful free radicals are formed, which can be removed with the help of appropriate enzymes, a balanced diet or the supply of synthetic antioxidant substances such as flavonoids, vitamins or anthocyanins to the body. Due to the growing demand for antioxidant substances, new complex compounds of transition metal ions with potential antioxidant activity are constantly being sought. In this study, four oxovanadium(IV) and dioxovanadium(V) dipicolinate (dipic) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) and the protonated form of 2-phenylpyridine (2-phephyH): (1) [VO(dipic)(H2O)2]·2 H2O, (2) [VO(dipic)(phen)]·3 H2O, (3) [VO(dipic)(bipy)]·H2O and (4) [VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH)·H2O were synthesized including one new complex, so far unknown and not described in the literature, i.e., [VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH)·H2O. The oxovanadium(IV) dipicolinate complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl have been characterized by several physicochemical methods: NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, IR, but new complex [VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH)·H2O has been examined by XRD to confirm its structure. The antioxidant activities of four complexes have been examined by the nitrotetrazolium blue (NBT) method towards superoxide anion. All complexes exhibit high reactivity with superoxide anion and [VOO(dipic)](2-phepyH)·H2O has higher antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid. Our studies confirmed that high basicity of the auxiliary ligand increases the reactivity of the complex with the superoxide radical.
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The Role of Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Induced by Food Additive Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Uterine Leiomyoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093074. [PMID: 34578952 PMCID: PMC8468901 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyoma is the most common benign uterine tumor in reproductive-age women. Increasing numbers of studies are focusing on the effects of environmental exposure on the incidence and progression of tumors. One major step taken in the food industry is the addition of food preservatives to maintain freshness. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, which is widely used as an additive to develop fat-soluble characteristics, as well as in cosmetics and rubber. Previous studies also highlighted that BHT may be related to increased fibrosis capacity and carcinogenic effects. In this study, we explored the effects of the commonly used food additive BHT on leiomyoma progression, and the related mechanism. The exposure of the ELT-3 leiomyoma cell line to BHT for 48 h increased the proliferative effect. Since leiomyoma progression is related to increases in extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), BHT could effectively increase ECM-related protein expression, as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression. This increase in ECM, in response to BHT, may be linked to the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Through PI3K inhibition, BHT’s effect on leiomyoma progression could be partially modulated. These results suggest the harmful effect of BHT exposure on leiomyoma progression may relate to PI3K modulation. However, an in vivo study is necessary to confirm these findings.
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