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Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Gil-Martínez M, Naharro-González S, Del Pozo V. Eosinophil-derived extracellular vesicles: isolation and classification techniques and implications for disease pathophysiology. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:260-270. [PMID: 38836652 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are leukocytes characterized by their ability to release granule content that is highly rich in enzymes and proteins. Besides the antihelminthic, bactericidal, and antiviral properties of eosinophils and their secretory granules, these also play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of diseases such as asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and other hypereosinophilic conditions by causing tissue damage and airway hyperresponsiveness. Although this cell was first recognized mainly for its capacity to release granule content, nowadays other capabilities such as cytokine secretion have been linked to its physiology, and research has found that eosinophils are not only involved in innate immunity, but also as orchestrators of immune responses. Nearly 10 yr ago, eosinophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were first described; since then, the EV field has grown exponentially, revealing their vital roles in intracellular communication. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on eosinophil-derived EVs, beginning with a description of what they are and what makes them important regulators of disease, followed by an account of the methodologies used to isolate and characterize EVs. We also summarize current understanding of eosinophil-derived vesicles functionality, especially in asthma, the disease in which eosinophil-derived EVs have been most widely studied, describing how they modulate the role of eosinophils themselves (through autocrine signaling) and the way they affect airway structural cells and airway remodeling. Deeper understanding of this cell type could lead to novel research in eosinophil biology, its role in other diseases, and possible use of eosinophil-derived EVs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 228040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 228040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Naharro-González
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 228040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 228040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Gou Z, Yang H, Wang R, Wang S, Chen Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y. A new frontier in precision medicine: Exploring the role of extracellular vesicles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116443. [PMID: 38513597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by progressive respiratory difficulties. It has a high incidence and disability rate worldwide. However, currently there is still a lack of highly effective treatment methods for COPD, only symptom relief is possible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new treatment options. Almost all cells can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which participate in many physiological activities by transporting cargoes and are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, many scholars have extensively studied the relationship between COPD and EVs, which has strongly demonstrated the significant impact of EVs from different sources on the occurrence and development of COPD. Therefore, EVs are a good starting point and new opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. In this review, we mainly describe the current mechanisms of EVs in the pathogenesis of COPD, also the relationship between diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. At the same time, we also introduce some new methods for COPD therapy based on EVs. It is hoped that this article can provide new ideas for future research and contribute to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gou
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongrun Yang
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qirui Chen
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediateic Respiration, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Akenroye A, Nopsopon T, Cho L, Moll M, Weiss ST. Lower myostatin and higher MUC1 levels are associated with better response to mepolizumab and omalizumab in asthma: a protein-protein interaction analyses. Respir Res 2023; 24:305. [PMID: 38057814 PMCID: PMC10698971 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomarkers are needed to inform the choice of biologic therapy in patients with asthma given the increasing number of biologics. We aimed to identify proteins associated with response to omalizumab and mepolizumab. METHODS Aptamer-based proteomic profiling (SomaScan) was used to assess 1437 proteins from 51 patients with moderate to severe asthma who received omalizumab (n = 29) or mepolizumab (n = 22). Response was defined as the change in asthma-related exacerbations in the 12 months following therapy initiation. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and pre-treatment exacerbation rate. Additionally, body mass index was included in the omalizumab model and eosinophil count in the mepolizumab model. We evaluated the association between molecular signatures and response using negative binomial regression correcting for the false discovery rate (FDR) and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) to identify associated pathways. RESULTS Over two-thirds of patients were female. The average age for omalizumab patients was 42 years and 57 years for mepolizumab. At baseline, the average exacerbation rate was 1.5/year for omalizumab and 2.4/year for mepolizumab. Lower levels of LOXL2 (unadjusted p: 1.93 × 10E-05, FDR-corrected: 0.028) and myostatin (unadjusted: 3.87 × 10E-05, FDR-corrected: 0.028) were associated with better response to mepolizumab. Higher levels of CD9 antigen (unadjusted: 5.30 × 10E-07, FDR-corrected: 0.0006) and MUC1 (unadjusted: 1.15 × 10E-06, FDR-corrected: 0.0006) were associated with better response to omalizumab, and LTB4R (unadjusted: 1.12 × 10E-06, FDR-corrected: 0.0006) with worse response. Protein-protein interaction network modeling showed an enrichment of the TNF- and NF-kB signaling pathways for patients treated with mepolizumab and multiple pathways involving MAPK, including the FcER1 pathway, for patients treated with omalizumab. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel fundamental data on proteins associated with response to mepolizumab or omalizumab in severe asthma and warrants further validation as potential biomarkers for therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Akenroye
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, BostonBoston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laura Cho
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, BostonBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, BostonBoston, MA, 02115, USA
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Huang J, Ding M, Lu Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Han S, Zhu X, Li Y, Chen P. MiR-1246b, a novel miRNA molecule of extracellular vesicles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, promotes nodule growth through FGF14 in patients with lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:789. [PMID: 38040694 PMCID: PMC10692082 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread development of chest computed tomography (CT), the detection rate of pulmonary nodules has increased; therefore, the classification of benign vs. malignant nodules has become a common problem in the clinic. MicroRNA, a potential tool, is expected to become a good choice for diagnosing and studying the occurrence and development of diseases through the vector of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid extracellular vesicles (BALF-EVs). In this study, radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) was used to locate pulmonary nodules in patients. BALF was obtained, EVs were isolated, and small RNA sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The binding targets and underlying mechanisms of the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. R-EBUS localization and sampling was used to obtain BALF, and EVs were successfully isolated and characterized. Differentially expressed miRNAs in BALF-EVs of patients with benign vs. malignant pulmonary nodules were screened by high-throughput small RNA sequencing. A new miRNA, miR-1246b, was identified. We found that FGF14 was the binding target of miR-1246b by luciferase assay. Subsequent mechanistic studies showed that miR-1246b inhibited the expression of FGF14 in lung cancer cells, further leading to ERK phosphorylation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which ultimately contributed to lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In summary, our study demonstrates that the detection of miRNAs in BALF-EVs, a means of liquid biopsy, could assist in distinguishing malignant nodules from benign nodules. miR-1246b, which was extracted from BALF-EVs, targets FGF14 to promote lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Vitucci EC, Carberry CK, Payton A, Herring LE, Mordant AL, McCullough SD, Rager JE. Characterizing the extracellular vesicle proteomic landscape of the human airway using in vitro organotypic multi-cellular models. iScience 2023; 26:108162. [PMID: 37920665 PMCID: PMC10618692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular communication significantly influences pulmonary cell health and disease, yet in vitro methods to investigate these mechanisms are limited. We hypothesize that organotypic models of the airway can be leveraged to investigate EV-mediated intercellular signaling, focusing on EV proteomic content as a case study. Two in vitro airway culture models were evaluated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis: a tri-culture model consisting of alveolar epithelial, fibroblast, and lung microvascular endothelial cells and a co-culture model of alveolar epithelial and fibroblasts. EVs isolated from the tri-culture model were enriched with EV proteins regulating RNA-to-protein translation. EVs isolated from the co-culture model were enriched with EV biogenesis and extracellular matrix signaling proteins. These model-specific differences suggest that different pulmonary cell types uniquely affect EV composition and the biological pathways influenced by the EV proteome in recipient cells. These findings can inform future studies surrounding EV-related pulmonary disease pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C.M. Vitucci
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste K. Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angie L. Mordant
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A. No-stain protein labeling as a potential normalization marker for small extracellular vesicle proteins. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1243-1253. [PMID: 36927304 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2185897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Western blot analysis of relative protein expression relies on appropriate reference proteins for data normalization. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), or exosomes, are increasingly recognized as potential indicators of the physiological state of cells due to their protein composition. Therefore, accurate relative sEVs protein quantification is crucial for disease detection and prognosis applications. Currently, no documented ubiquitous reference proteins are identified for precise normalization of a protein of interest in sEVs. Here we showed the use of total protein staining method for sEVs protein normalization in western blots of samples where conventional housekeeping proteins like β-actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are not always detected in the sEVs western blots. The No-Stain™ Protein Labeling (NSPL) method showed high sensitivity in sEVs-protein labeling and facilitated quantitative evaluation of changes in the expression pattern of the protein of interest. Further, to show the robustness of NSPL for expression analysis, the results were compared with quantitative mass spectroscopy analysis results. Here, we outline a comprehensive method for protein normalization in sEVs that will increase the value of protein expression study of therapeutically significant sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kalia V, Baccarelli AA, Happel C, Hollander JA, Jukic AM, McAllister KA, Menon R, Merrick BA, Milosavljevic A, Ravichandran LV, Roth ME, Subramanian A, Tyson FL, Worth L, Shaughnessy DT. Seminar: Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Environmental Stress in Human Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:104201. [PMID: 37861803 PMCID: PMC10588739 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound particles containing a variety of RNA types, DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules, are now appreciated as an important means of communication between cells and tissues, both in normal cellular physiology and as a potential indicator of cellular stress, environmental exposures, and early disease pathogenesis. Extracellular signaling through EVs is a growing field of research for understanding fundamental mechanisms of health and disease and for the potential for biomarker discovery and therapy development. EVs are also known to play important roles in mediating the effects of exposure to environmental stress. OBJECTIVES This seminar addresses the application of new tools and approaches for EV research, developed in part through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Extracellular RNA Communication Program, and reflects presentations and discussions from a workshop held 27-28 September 2021 by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) on "Extracellular Vesicles, Exosomes, and Cell-Cell Signaling in Response to Environmental Stress." The panel of experts discussed current research on EVs and environmental exposures, highlighted recent advances in EV isolation and characterization, and considered research gaps and opportunities toward identifying and characterizing the roles for EVs in environmentally related diseases, as well as the current challenges and opportunities in this field. DISCUSSION The authors discuss the application of new experimental models, particularly organ-on-chip (OOC) systems and in vitro approaches and how these have the potential to extend findings in population-based studies of EVs in exposure-related diseases. Given the complex challenges of identifying cell-specific EVs related to environmental exposures, as well as the general heterogeneity and variability in EVs in blood and other accessible biological samples, there is a critical need for rigorous reporting of experimental methods and validation studies. The authors note that these efforts, combined with cross-disciplinary approaches, would ensure that future research efforts in environmental health studies on EV biomarkers are rigorous and reproducible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12980.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine Happel
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Hollander
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne Marie Jukic
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly A. McAllister
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bruce A. Merrick
- Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lingamanaidu V. Ravichandran
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew E. Roth
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anita Subramanian
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frederick L. Tyson
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leroy Worth
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel T. Shaughnessy
- Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Guo H, Sun J, Zhang S, Nie Y, Zhou S, Zeng Y. Progress in understanding and treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: recent insights and emerging therapies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205948. [PMID: 37608885 PMCID: PMC10440605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a long-lasting, continuously advancing, and irrevocable interstitial lung disorder with an obscure origin and inadequately comprehended pathological mechanisms. Despite the intricate and uncharted causes and pathways of IPF, the scholarly consensus upholds that the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts-instigated by injury to the alveolar epithelial cells-and the disproportionate accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagen, are integral to IPF's progression. The introduction of two novel anti-fibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have exhibited efficacy in decelerating the ongoing degradation of lung function, lessening hospitalization risk, and postponing exacerbations among IPF patients. Nonetheless, these pharmacological interventions do not present a definitive solution to IPF, positioning lung transplantation as the solitary potential curative measure in contemporary medical practice. A host of innovative therapeutic strategies are presently under rigorous scrutiny. This comprehensive review encapsulates the recent advancements in IPF research, spanning from diagnosis and etiology to pathological mechanisms, and introduces a discussion on nascent therapeutic methodologies currently in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yulan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Brandsma J, Schofield JPR, Yang X, Strazzeri F, Barber C, Goss VM, Koster G, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Chanez P, Dahlén SE, Fowler SJ, Horváth I, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Shaw DE, Chung KF, Singer F, Fleming LJ, Adcock IM, Pandis I, Bansal AT, Corfield J, Sousa AR, Sterk PJ, Sánchez-García RJ, Skipp PJ, Postle AD, Djukanović R. Stratification of asthma by lipidomic profiling of induced sputum supernatant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:117-125. [PMID: 36918039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation and pathobiology. There is need for improved understanding of respiratory lipid metabolism in asthma patients and its relation to observable clinical features. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive, prospective, cross-sectional analysis of the lipid composition of induced sputum supernatant obtained from asthma patients with a range of disease severities, as well as from healthy controls. METHODS Induced sputum supernatant was collected from 211 adults with asthma and 41 healthy individuals enrolled onto the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) study. Sputum lipidomes were characterized by semiquantitative shotgun mass spectrometry and clustered using topologic data analysis to identify lipid phenotypes. RESULTS Shotgun lipidomics of induced sputum supernatant revealed a spectrum of 9 molecular phenotypes, highlighting not just significant differences between the sputum lipidomes of asthma patients and healthy controls, but also within the asthma patient population. Matching clinical, pathobiologic, proteomic, and transcriptomic data helped inform the underlying disease processes. Sputum lipid phenotypes with higher levels of nonendogenous, cell-derived lipids were associated with significantly worse asthma severity, worse lung function, and elevated granulocyte counts. CONCLUSION We propose a novel mechanism of increased lipid loading in the epithelial lining fluid of asthma patients resulting from the secretion of extracellular vesicles by granulocytic inflammatory cells, which could reduce the ability of pulmonary surfactant to lower surface tension in asthmatic small airways, as well as compromise its role as an immune regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - James P R Schofield
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Yang
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Strazzeri
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Clair Barber
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria M Goss
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Grielof Koster
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Academic Health Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Singer
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Louise J Fleming
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Pandis
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aruna T Bansal
- Acclarogen Ltd, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul J Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
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11
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Beetler DJ, Di Florio DN, Bruno KA, Ikezu T, March KL, Cooper LT, Wolfram J, Fairweather D. Extracellular vesicles as personalized medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101155. [PMID: 36456416 PMCID: PMC10073244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cells in the body, forming an important intercellular communication network that contributes to health and disease. The contents of EVs are cell source-specific, inducing distinct signaling responses in recipient cells. The specificity of EVs and their accumulation in fluid spaces that are accessible for liquid biopsies make them highly attractive as potential biomarkers and therapies for disease. The duality of EVs as favorable (therapeutic) or unfavorable (pathological) messengers is context dependent and remains to be fully determined in homeostasis and various disease states. This review describes the use of EVs as biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and regenerative therapeutics, highlighting examples involving viral infections, cancer, and neurological diseases. There is growing interest to provide personalized therapy based on individual patient and disease characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that EV biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are ideal for personalized medicine due to the diversity and multifunctionality of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Beetler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Feng Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Du R, Mao H. Delineating asthma according to inflammation phenotypes with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023:00029330-990000000-00572. [PMID: 37185590 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the differences in pathophysiology and phenotypic symptomology make a diagnosis of "asthma" too broad hindering individualized treatment. Four asthmatic inflammatory phenotypes have been identified based on inflammatory cell profiles in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma may be one of the most common phenotypes in stable asthmatic patients, yet it remains much less studied than the other inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of phenotypic discrimination, distribution, stability, surrogate biomarkers, underlying pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and current therapies is fragmented, which impedes clinical management of patients. This review brings together existing knowledge and ongoing research about asthma phenotypes, with a focus on paucigranulocytic asthma, in order to present a comprehensive picture that may clarify specific inflammatory phenotypes and thus improve clinical diagnoses and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rao Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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13
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Ortiz Peña N, Cherukula K, Even B, Ji DK, Razafindrakoto S, Peng S, Silva AKA, Ménard-Moyon C, Hillaireau H, Bianco A, Fattal E, Alloyeau D, Gazeau F. Resolution of MoS 2 Nanosheets-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Driven by Nanoscale Intracellular Transformation and Extracellular-Vesicle Shuttles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209615. [PMID: 36649533 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to some engineered nanomaterials can cause chronic lesions as a result of unresolved inflammation. Among 2D nanomaterials and graphene, MoS2 has received tremendous attention in optoelectronics and nanomedicine. Here an integrated approach is proposed to follow up the transformation of MoS2 nanosheets at the nanoscale and assesss their impact on lung inflammation status over 1 month after a single inhalation in mice. Analysis of immune cells, alveolar macrophages, extracellular vesicles, and cytokine profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) shows that MoS2 nanosheets induced initiation of lung inflammation. However, the inflammation is rapidly resolved despite the persistence of various biotransformed molybdenum-based nanostructures in the alveolar macrophages and the extracellular vesicles for up to 1 month. Using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy experiments, the dynamics of MoS2 nanosheets transformation triggered by reactive oxygen species could be evidenced. Three main transformation mechanisms are observed directly at the nanoscale level: 1) scrolling of the dispersed sheets leading to the formation of nanoscrolls and folded patches, 2) etching releasing soluble MoO4 - , and 3) oxidation generating oxidized sheet fragments. Extracellular vesicles released in BALF are also identified as a potential shuttle of MoS2 nanostructures and their degradation products and more importantly as mediators of inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Ortiz Peña
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Even
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Razafindrakoto
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
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14
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Al-Jipouri A, Almurisi SH, Al-Japairai K, Bakar LM, Doolaanea AA. Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:318. [PMID: 36679199 PMCID: PMC9866119 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid and non-invasive pulmonary drug delivery (PDD) has attracted great attention compared to the other routes. However, nanoparticle platforms, like liposomes (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), require extensive reformulation to suit the requirements of PDD. LPs are artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers capable of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, whereas EVs are natural vesicles secreted by cells. Additionally, novel LPs-EVs hybrid vesicles may confer the best of both. The preparation methods of EVs are distinguished from LPs since they rely mainly on extraction and purification, whereas the LPs are synthesized from their basic ingredients. Similarly, drug loading methods into/onto EVs are distinguished whereby they are cell- or non-cell-based, whereas LPs are loaded via passive or active approaches. This review discusses the progress in LPs and EVs as well as hybrid vesicles with a special focus on PDD. It also provides a perspective comparison between LPs and EVs from various aspects (composition, preparation/extraction, drug loading, and large-scale manufacturing) as well as the future prospects for inhaled therapeutics. In addition, it discusses the challenges that may be encountered in scaling up the production and presents our view regarding the clinical translation of the laboratory findings into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Munirah Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University College MAIWP International (UCMI), Kuala Lumpur 68100, Malaysia
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15
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Bartlett NW, Feghali-Bostwick C, Gunst SJ. Call for Papers: "Targeting Airway Immunity in Lung Disease". Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L48-L52. [PMID: 36472349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00375.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Bartlett
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Diagnostic Potential of microRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Pneumonia—A Preliminary Report. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192961. [PMID: 36230923 PMCID: PMC9564323 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical needs require the development and use of rapid and effective diagnostic indicators to accelerate the identification of pneumonia and the process of microbiological diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become attractive candidates for novel biomarkers to evaluate the presence and progress of many diseases. We assessed their performance as biomarkers of pneumonia. Patients were divided into the pneumonia group (with pneumonia) and the control group (without pneumonia). We identified and compared two upregulated miRNAs in EVs derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-EVs) between the two groups (PmiR–17–5p = 0.009; PmiR–193a–5p = 0.031). Interestingly, in cell-debris pellets and EVs-free supernatants derived from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-cell-debris pellets and BALF-EVs-free supernatants), total plasma, and EVs derived from plasma (plasma-EVs), the expression of miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p showed no difference between pneumonia group and control group. In vitro experiments revealed that miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p were strikingly upregulated in EVs derived from macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. MiR–17–5p (area under the curve, AUC: 0.753) and miR–193a–5p (AUC: 0.692) in BALF-EVs are not inferior to procalcitonin (AUC: 0.685) in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Furthermore, miR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p in BALF-EVs had a significantly higher specificity compared to procalcitonin and could be served as a potential diagnostic marker. MiR–17–5p and miR–193a–5p in EVs may be involved in lung inflammation by influencing the forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. This study is one of the few studies which focused on the potential diagnostic role of miRNAs in BALF-EVs for pneumonia and the possibility to use them as new biomarkers for a rapid and early diagnosis.
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17
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Negrete-García MC, de Jesús Ramos-Abundis J, Alvarado-Vasquez N, Montes-Martínez E, Montaño M, Ramos C, Sommer B. Exosomal Micro-RNAs as Intercellular Communicators in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11047. [PMID: 36232350 PMCID: PMC9569972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between neighboring or distant cells is made through a complex network that includes extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes, which are a subgroup of EVs, are released from most cell types and have been found in biological fluids such as urine, plasma, and airway secretions like bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal lavage, saliva, and sputum. Mainly, the cargo exosomes are enriched with mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred to a recipient cell consequently modifying and redirecting its biological function. The effects of miRNAs derive from their role as gene expression regulators by repressing or degrading their target mRNAs. Nowadays, various types of research are focused on evaluating the potential of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of different pathologies. Nevertheless, there are few reports on their role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung scarring with no cure. In this review, we focus on the role and effect of exosomal miRNAs as intercellular communicators in the onset and progression of IPF, as well as discussing their potential utility as therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Negrete-García
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Javier de Jesús Ramos-Abundis
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Higher School of Medicine Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esquina Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vasquez
- Biochemistry Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Montes-Martínez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Montaño
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity Research Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas” Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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18
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Jeong MH, Han H, Lagares D, Im H. Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fibrosis for Precision Medicine. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:520-538. [PMID: 35983278 PMCID: PMC9379941 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious, progressive lung disease characterized by scarring and stiffening lung tissues, affecting the respiratory system and leading to organ failure. It is a complex disease consisting of alveolar damage, chronic inflammation, and a varying degree of lung fibrosis. Significant challenges with pulmonary fibrosis include the lack of effective means to diagnose the disease at early stages, identify patients at higher risks of progress, and assess disease progression and treatment response. Precision medicine powered by accurate molecular profiling and phenotyping could significantly improve our understanding of the disease's heterogeneity, potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and molecular targets for treatment development. This Review discusses various translational model systems, including organoids and lung-on-a-chip systems, biomarkers in single cells and extracellular vesicles, and functional pharmacodynamic markers. We also highlight emerging sensing technologies for molecular characterization of pulmonary fibrosis and biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ho Jeong
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - David Lagares
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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19
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are anuclear particles composed of lipid bilayers that contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and organelles. EVs act as an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication by transmitting biological signals or components, including lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, DNA, microRNAs, organelles, etc, to nearby or distant target cells to activate and regulate the function and phenotype of target cells. Under physiological conditions, EVs play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the pulmonary milieu but they can also be involved in promoting the pathogenesis and progression of various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary artery hypertension. In addition, in multiple preclinical studies, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on reducing and repairing lung injuries. Furthermore, in recent years, researchers have explored different methods for modifying EVs or enhancing EVs-mediated drug delivery to produce more targeted and beneficial effects. This article will review the characteristics and biogenesis of EVs and their role in lung homeostasis and various acute and chronic lung diseases and the potential therapeutic application of EVs in the field of clinical medicine.
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20
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Side-Directed Release of Differential Extracellular Vesicle-associated microRNA Profiles from Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Healthy and Asthmatic Subjects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030622. [PMID: 35327424 PMCID: PMC8945885 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by virtually all cells and may serve as intercellular communication structures by transmitting molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of vesicular RNA playing a pivotal role in regulating intracellular processes. In this work, we aimed to characterize vesicular miRNA profiles released in a side-directed manner by bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic subjects using an air−liquid interface cell culture model. EVs were isolated from a culture medium collected from either the basolateral or apical cell side of the epithelial cell cultures and characterized by nano-flow cytometry (NanoFCM) and bead-based flow cytometry. EV-associated RNA profiles were assessed by small RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses. Furthermore, miRNA-associated functions and targets were predicted and miRNA network analyses were performed. EVs were released at higher numbers to the apical cell side of the epithelial cells and were considerably smaller in the apical compared to the basolateral compartment. EVs from both compartments showed a differential tetraspanins surface marker expression. Furthermore, 236 miRNAs were differentially expressed depending on the EV secretion side, regardless of the disease phenotype. On the apical cell side, 32 miRNAs were significantly altered in asthmatic versus healthy conditions, while on the basolateral cell side, 23 differentially expressed miRNAs could be detected. Downstream KEGG pathway analysis predicted mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways as potential downstream targets of apically secreted miRNAs. In contrast, miRNAs specifically detected at the basolateral side were associated with processes of T and B cell receptor signaling. The study proves a compartmentalized packaging of EVs by bronchial epithelial cells supposedly associated with site-specific functions of cargo miRNAs, which are considerably affected by disease conditions such as asthma.
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21
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Yang T, Wang J, Zhao J, Liu Y. Current and prospective applications of exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:37. [PMID: 35088880 PMCID: PMC8815412 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and life‑threatening lung disease. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this condition remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are structures derived from the plasma membrane, with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm, that play an important role in cell‑to‑cell communications in lung disease, particularly between epithelial cells and the pulmonary microenvironment. In particular, exosomes are a type of EV that can deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). These cargo molecules are encapsulated in lipid bilayers through target cell internalization, receptor‑ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. miRNAs are single‑stranded RNA molecules that regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting translation to modulate gene expression. The aim of the present review was to discuss the current knowledge available on exosome biogenesis, composition and isolation methods. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PF was also reviewed. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in PF were described, in order to highlight the potential applications of exosomal miRNAs in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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22
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Finicelli M, Digilio FA, Galderisi U, Peluso G. The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Potential Impact of Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Vesicle on Macrophage Polarization and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030464. [PMID: 35326114 PMCID: PMC8944669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common airway diseases, and it is considered a major global health problem. Macrophages are the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, given their role in surveying airways, removing cellular debris, immune surveillance, and resolving inflammation. Macrophages exert their functions by adopting phenotypical changes based on the stimuli they receive from the surrounding tissue. This plasticity is described as M1/M2 macrophage polarization, which consists of a strictly coordinated process leading to a difference in the expression of surface markers, the production of specific factors, and the execution of biological activities. This review focuses on the role played by macrophages in COPD and their implication in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Particular attention is on macrophage polarization, given macrophage plasticity is a key feature in COPD. We also discuss the regulatory influence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communications. EV composition and cargo may influence many COPD-related aspects, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and macrophage dysfunctions. These findings could be useful for better addressing the role of macrophages in the complex pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0816132553 (M.F.); +39-0816132280 (G.P.)
| | - Filomena Anna Digilio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0816132553 (M.F.); +39-0816132280 (G.P.)
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23
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Vogt S, Stadlmayr G, Stadlbauer K, Stracke F, Bobbili MR, Grillari J, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. Construction of Yeast Display Libraries for Selection of Antigen-Binding Variants of Large Extracellular Loop of CD81, a Major Surface Marker Protein of Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2491:561-592. [PMID: 35482205 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2285-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, yeast display methodology has served as a popular tool for discovery, humanization, stability improvement, and affinity maturation of antibodies and antibody fragments, but also for development of diverse non-antibody protein scaffolds towards the ability of antigen recognition. Yeast display is particularly well suited for multiparametric analysis of properties of derivatized proteins, allowing the evolution of most diverse protein structures into antigen binding entities with favorable expression, stability, and folding properties. Here we present the methodological basics of a novel yeast display-based approach for the functionalization of the large extracellular loop of CD81 into a de novo antigen binding unit. CD81 is intrinsically overrepresented on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally occurring nanoparticle units that act as cell-to-cell messengers by delivering their intracellular cargo from the source cell into a recipient cell. This amazing feature makes them of highest biotechnological interest, yet methods for their targeted delivery are still in their infancy. As a novel approach for introducing EV surface modifications enabling specific target cell recognition and internalization, we have prepared yeast display libraries of CD81 large extracellular loop mutants, which are selected towards specific antigen binding and resulting mutants conveniently clicked into the full-length EV surface protein. Resulting EVs display wild-type-like characteristics regarding the expression level and distribution of recombinant proteins and are hence promising therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogt
- acib GmbH (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology), Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Stadlbauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Stracke
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rüker
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Szalontai K, Gémes N, Furák J, Varga T, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132889. [PMID: 34209651 PMCID: PMC8268950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Szalontai
- Csongrád County Hospital of Chest Diseases, Alkotmány u. 36., H6772 Deszk, Hungary;
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8., H6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Varga
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Avicor Ltd. Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14., H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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25
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EVs from BALF-Mediators of Inflammation and Potential Biomarkers in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073651. [PMID: 33915715 PMCID: PMC8036254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as key messengers of intracellular communication in health and disease, including the lung. EVs that can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are released by multiple cells of the airways including bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and other immune cells, and they have been shown to mediate proinflammatory signals in many inflammatory lung diseases. They transfer complex molecular cargo, including proteins, cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids such as microRNA, between structural cells such as pulmonary epithelial cells and innate immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, shaping mutually their functions and affecting the alveolar microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we discuss this distinct molecular cargo of BALF-EVs in the context of inducing and propagating inflammatory responses in particular acute and chronic lung disorders. We present different identified cellular interactions in the inflammatory lung via EVs and their role in lung pathogenesis. We also summarize the latest studies on the potential use of BALF-EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lung diseases, especially of lung cancer.
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