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Su SY, Zheng YS, Mao H, Zhao LB, Zhu MY, Yang YF, Li LT, Wang ZR, He C. Soluble expression of hMYDGF was improved by strain engineering and optimizations of fermentation strategies in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 224:106565. [PMID: 39111350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) is a cytokine that exhibits a variety of biological functions. This study focused on utilizing BL21(DE3) strain engineering and fermentation strategies to achieve high-level expression of soluble human MYDGF (hMYDGF) in Escherichia coli. Initially, the E. coli expressing strain BL21(DE3) was engineered by deleting the IpxM gene and inserting the GROEL/S and Trigger factor genes. The engineered E. coli strain BL21(TG)/pT-MYDGF accumulated 3557.3 ± 185.6 μg/g and 45.7 ± 6.7 mg/L of soluble hMYDGF in shake flask fermentation, representing a 15.6-fold increase compared to the control strain BL21(DE3)/pT-MYDGF. Furthermore, the yield of hMYDGF was significantly enhanced by optimizing the fermentation conditions. Under optimized conditions, the 5L bioreactor yielded up to 2665.8 ± 164.3 μg/g and 407.6 ± 42.9 mg/L of soluble hMYDGF. The results indicate that the implementation of these optimization strategies could enhance the ratio and yield of soluble proteins expressed by E.coli, thereby meeting the demands of industrial production. This study employed sophisticated strategies to lay a solid foundation for the industrial application of hMYDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Su
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Shan Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Yi Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ting Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ru Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng He
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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2
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Huang D, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang X. Characterization of a secondary hydroxy-acyltransferase for lipid A in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127712. [PMID: 38593580 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lipid A plays a crucial role in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Previously we have reported the diversity of secondary acylation of lipid A in V. parahaemolyticus and four V. parahaemolyticus genes VP_RS08405, VP_RS01045, VP_RS12170, and VP_RS00880 exhibiting homology to the secondary acyltransferases in Escherichia coli. In this study, the gene VP_RS12170 was identified as a specific lipid A secondary hydroxy-acyltransferase responsible for transferring a 3-hydroxymyristate to the 2'-position of lipid A. Four E. coli mutant strains WHL00, WHM00, WH300, and WH001 were constructed, and they would synthesize lipid A with different structures due to the absence of genes encoding lipid A secondary acyltransferases or Kdo transferase. Then V. parahaemolyticus VP_RS12170 was overexpressed in W3110, WHL00, WHM00, WH300, and WH001, and lipid A was isolated from these strains and analyzed by using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The detailed structural changes of lipid A in these mutant strains with and without VP_RS12170 overexpression were compared and conclude that VP_RS12170 can specifically transfer a 3-hydroxymyristate to the 2'-position of lipid A. This study also demonstrated that the function of VP_RS12170 is Kdo-dependent and its favorite substrate is Kdo-lipid IVA. These findings give us better understanding the biosynthetic pathway and the structural diversity of V. parahaemolyticus lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Lyu J, Zhang T, Marty MT, Clemmer D, Russell DH, Laganowsky A. Double and triple thermodynamic mutant cycles reveal the basis for specific MsbA-lipid interactions. eLife 2024; 12:RP91094. [PMID: 38252560 PMCID: PMC10945598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional studies of the ATP-binding cassette transporter MsbA have revealed two distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding sites: one located in the central cavity and the other at a membrane-facing, exterior site. Although these binding sites are known to be important for MsbA function, the thermodynamic basis for these specific MsbA-LPS interactions is not well understood. Here, we use native mass spectrometry to determine the thermodynamics of MsbA interacting with the LPS-precursor 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo)2-lipid A (KDL). The binding of KDL is solely driven by entropy, despite the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation or trapped in an outward-facing conformation with adenosine 5'-diphosphate and vanadate. An extension of the mutant cycle approach is employed to probe basic residues that interact with KDL. We find the molecular recognition of KDL is driven by a positive coupling entropy (as large as -100 kJ/mol at 298 K) that outweighs unfavorable coupling enthalpy. These findings indicate that alterations in solvent reorganization and conformational entropy can contribute significantly to the free energy of protein-lipid association. The results presented herein showcase the advantage of native MS to obtain thermodynamic insight into protein-lipid interactions that would otherwise be intractable using traditional approaches, and this enabling technology will be instrumental in the life sciences and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Bio5 Institute, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - David Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
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4
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Theuretzbacher U, Blasco B, Duffey M, Piddock LJV. Unrealized targets in the discovery of antibiotics for Gram-negative bacterial infections. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:957-975. [PMID: 37833553 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in areas that include genomics, systems biology, protein structure determination and artificial intelligence provide new opportunities for target-based antibacterial drug discovery. The selection of a 'good' new target for direct-acting antibacterial compounds is the first decision, for which multiple criteria must be explored, integrated and re-evaluated as drug discovery programmes progress. Criteria include essentiality of the target for bacterial survival, its conservation across different strains of the same species, bacterial species and growth conditions (which determines the spectrum of activity of a potential antibiotic) and the level of homology with human genes (which influences the potential for selective inhibition). Additionally, a bacterial target should have the potential to bind to drug-like molecules, and its subcellular location will govern the need for inhibitors to penetrate one or two bacterial membranes, which is a key challenge in targeting Gram-negative bacteria. The risk of the emergence of target-based drug resistance for drugs with single targets also requires consideration. This Review describes promising but as-yet-unrealized targets for antibacterial drugs against Gram-negative bacteria and examples of cognate inhibitors, and highlights lessons learned from past drug discovery programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Blasco
- Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maëlle Duffey
- Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Lyu J, Zhang T, Marty MT, Clemmer D, Russell DH, Laganowsky A. Double and triple thermodynamic mutant cycles reveal the basis for specific MsbA-lipid interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547565. [PMID: 37461710 PMCID: PMC10350010 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional studies of the ATP-binding cassette transporter MsbA have revealed two distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding sites: one located in the central cavity and the other at a membrane-facing, exterior site. Although these binding sites are known to be important for MsbA function, the thermodynamic basis for these specific MsbA-LPS interactions is not well understood. Here, we use native mass spectrometry to determine the thermodynamics of MsbA interacting with the LPS-precursor 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo)2-lipid A (KDL). The binding of KDL is solely driven by entropy, despite the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation or trapped in an outward-facing conformation with adenosine 5'-diphosphate and vanadate. An extension of the mutant cycle approach is employed to probe basic residues that interact with KDL. We find the molecular recognition of KDL is driven by a positive coupling entropy (as large as -100 kJ/mol at 298K) that outweighs unfavorable coupling enthalpy. These findings indicate that alterations in solvent reorganization and conformational entropy can contribute significantly to the free energy of protein-lipid association. The results presented herein showcase the advantage of native MS to obtain thermodynamic insight into protein-lipid interactions that would otherwise be intractable using traditional approaches, and this enabling technology will be instrumental in the life sciences and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Michael T. Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - David Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - David H. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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6
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Maniyeri A, Wieczorek A, Ayyolath A, Sugalska W, Klein G, Raina S. Suppressors of lapC Mutation Identify New Regulators of LpxC, Which Mediates the First Committed Step in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15174. [PMID: 37894855 PMCID: PMC10607373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are characterized by an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) located in the outer leaflet and phospholipids facing the inner leaflet. E. coli recruits LPS assembly proteins LapB, LapC and LapD in concert with FtsH protease to ensure a balanced biosynthesis of LPS and phospholipids. We recently reported that bacteria either lacking the periplasmic domain of the essential LapC protein (lapC190) or in the absence of LapD exhibit an elevated degradation of LpxC, which catalyzes the first committed step in LPS biosynthesis. To further understand the functions of LapC and LapD in regulating LPS biosynthesis, we show that the overproduction of the intact LapD suppresses the temperature sensitivity (Ts) of lapC190, but not when either its N-terminal transmembrane anchor or specific conserved amino acids in the C-terminal domain are mutated. Moreover, overexpression of srrA, marA, yceJ and yfgM genes can rescue the Ts phenotype of lapC190 bacteria by restoring LpxC amounts. We further show that MarA-mediated suppression requires the expression of mla genes, whose products participate in the maintenance of OM asymmetry, and the SrrA-mediated suppression requires the presence of cardiolipin synthase A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gracjana Klein
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (A.W.); (A.A.); (W.S.)
| | - Satish Raina
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (A.M.); (A.W.); (A.A.); (W.S.)
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7
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Chen H, Zheng X, Li L, Huang L, Huang W, Ma Y. Peptide-Based Therapeutic HPV Cancer Vaccine Synthesized via Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4541-4554. [PMID: 37576463 PMCID: PMC10422965 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s416706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide-based vaccines have broad application prospects because of their safety, simple preparation, and effectiveness, especially in the development of personalized cancer vaccines, which have shown great advantages. However, the current peptide-based vaccines often require artificial synthesis and intricate delivery technology, which increases the cost and complexity of preparation. Methods Here, we developed a simple technique for combining a peptide and a delivery system using the natural secretion system of bacteria. Specifically, we biosynthesized an antigenic peptide in bacteria, which was then extracellularly released through the bacterial secretory vesicles, thus simultaneously achieving the biosynthesis and delivery of the peptide. Results The system utilizes the natural properties of bacterial vesicles to promote antigen uptake and dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Therefore, tumor-specific CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were induced in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice, thereby efficiently suppressing tumor growth. Conclusion This research promotes innovation and extends the application of peptide-based vaccine biosynthesis technology. Importantly, it provides a new method for personalized cancer immunotherapy that uses screened peptides as antigens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjue Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Raina S. Lipopolysaccharides: Regulated Biosynthesis and Structural Diversity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7498. [PMID: 37108660 PMCID: PMC10145120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria contains two distinct membranes, an inner (IM) and an outer (OM) membrane, separated by the periplasm, a hydrophilic compartment that includes a thin layer of peptidoglycan [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Raina
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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9
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Bogdanov M. Renovating a double fence with or without notifying the next door and across the street neighbors: why the biogenic cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria display asymmetry? Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:137-150. [PMID: 36960750 PMCID: PMC10725183 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The complex two-membrane organization of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria imposes an unique biosynthetic and topological constraints that can affect translocation of lipids and proteins synthesized on the cytoplasm facing leaflet of the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane (IM), across the IM and between the IM and outer membrane (OM). Balanced growth of two membranes and continuous loss of phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM as metabolic precursors for envelope components and for translocation to the OM requires a constant supply of phospholipids in the IM cytosolic leaflet. At present we have no explanation as to why the biogenic E. coli IM displays asymmetry. Lipid asymmetry is largely related to highly entropically disfavored, unequal headgroup and acyl group asymmetries which are usually actively maintained by active mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are largely unknown for bacteria. Alternatively, lipid asymmetry in biogenic IM could be metabolically controlled in order to maintain uniform bilayer growth and asymmetric transmembrane arrangement by balancing temporally the net rates of synthesis and flip-flop, inter IM and OM bidirectional flows and bilayer chemical and physical properties as spontaneous response. Does such flippase-less or 'lipid only", 'passive' mechanism of generation and maintenance of lipid asymmetry exists in the IM? The driving force for IM asymmetry can arise from the packing requirements imposed upon the bilayer system during cell division through disproportional distribution of two negatively curved phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, with consistent reciprocal tendency to increase and decrease lipid order in each membrane leaflet respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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10
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Landolfo E, Cutuli D, Decandia D, Balsamo F, Petrosini L, Gelfo F. Environmental Enrichment Protects against Neurotoxic Effects of Lipopolysaccharide: A Comprehensive Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065404. [PMID: 36982478 PMCID: PMC10049264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathophysiological condition associated with damage to the nervous system. Maternal immune activation and early immune activation have adverse effects on the development of the nervous system and cognitive functions. Neuroinflammation during adulthood leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used in preclinical research to mimic neurotoxic effects leading to systemic inflammation. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been reported to cause a wide range of beneficial changes in the brain. Based on the above, the purpose of the present review is to describe the effects of exposure to EE paradigms in counteracting LPS-induced neuroinflammation throughout the lifespan. Up to October 2022, a methodical search of studies in the literature, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, was performed, focusing on exposure to LPS, as an inflammatory mediator, and to EE paradigms in preclinical murine models. On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were considered and analyzed in the present review. EE exerts sex- and age-dependent neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in animals exposed to the neurotoxic action of LPS. EE’s beneficial effects are present throughout the various ages of life. A healthy lifestyle and stimulating environments are essential to counteract the damages induced by neurotoxic exposure to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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He X, Ding H, Gao Z, Zhang X, Wu R, Li K. Variations in the motility and biofilm formation abilities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during noodle processing. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112670. [PMID: 37120241 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Motility and biofilm formation help to protect bacteria from host immune responses and facilitate tolerance of environmental stimuli to improve their adaptability. However, few reports have investigated the adaptability of bacteria that live in food substrates undergoing food processing-induced stress. In this study, variations in the surface morphology, bacterial count, motility, and biofilm formation abilities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC12900 were investigated during noodle processing, including the kneading, squeezing, resting, and sheeting phases. The results showed that bacterial surface morphology, count, and motility were impaired in the squeezing phase, whereas biofilm biomass continuously increased across all processing phases. Twenty-one genes and sRNAs were measured using RT-qPCR to reveal the mechanisms underlying these changes. Of these, the genes adrA, csrA, flgM, flhD, fliM, ydaM, and the sRNA McaS were significantly upregulated, whereas the genes fliA, fliG, and the sRNAs CsrC, DsrA, GcvB, and OxyS were evidently repressed. According to the correlation matrix results based on the reference gene adrA, we found that csrA, GcvB, McaS, and OxyS were the most relevant genes and sRNAs for biofilm formation and motility. For each of them, their overexpressions was found to inhibit bacterial motility and biofilm formation to varying degrees during noodle processing. Among these, 12900/pcsrA had the highest inhibitory potential against motility, yielding a minimum of 11.2 mm motility diameter in the resting phase. Furthermore, 12900/pOxyS showed the most significant inhibitory effect against biofilm formation, yielding a minimum biofilm formation value of 5% of that exhibited the wild strain in the sheeting phase. Therefore, we prospect to find an effective and feasible novel approach to weaken bacterial survival during food processing by regulating the genes or sRNAs related to motility and biofilm formation.
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12
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Huang D, Ji F, Tan X, Qiao J, Li H, Wang Z, Wang X. Free lipid A and full-length lipopolysaccharide coexist in Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC33846. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105889. [PMID: 36435436 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A plays an important role in the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, but little is known about the structure and biosynthesis of lipid A in V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, lipid A species were either directly extracted or obtained by the acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC33846 cells and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Several lipid A species in V. parahaemolyticus cells were characterized, and two of these species were not connected to polysaccharides. One free lipid A species has the similar structure as the hexa-acylated lipid A in Escherichia coli, and the other is a hepta-acylated lipid A with an additional secondary C16:0 acyl chain. Three lipid A species were isolated by the acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide: the 1st one has the similar structure as the hexa-acylated lipid A in E. coli, the 2nd one is a hepta-acylated lipid A with an additional secondary C16:0 acyl chain and a secondary 2-OH C12:0 acyl chain, and the 3rd one is equal to the 2nd species with a phosphoethanolamine modification. These results are important for understanding the biosynthesis of lipid A in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hedan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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13
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A New Factor LapD Is Required for the Regulation of LpxC Amounts and Lipopolysaccharide Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179706. [PMID: 36077106 PMCID: PMC9456370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes the major component of the outer membrane and is essential for bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. Recent work has revealed the essential roles of LapB and LapC proteins in regulating LPS amounts; although, if any additional partners are involved is unknown. Examination of proteins co-purifying with LapB identified LapD as a new partner. The purification of LapD reveals that it forms a complex with several proteins involved in LPS and phospholipid biosynthesis, including FtsH-LapA/B and Fab enzymes. Loss of LapD causes a reduction in LpxC amounts and vancomycin sensitivity, which can be restored by mutations that stabilize LpxC (mutations in lapB, ftsH and lpxC genes), revealing that LapD acts upstream of LapB-FtsH in regulating LpxC amounts. Interestingly, LapD absence results in the substantial retention of LPS in the inner membranes and synthetic lethality when either the lauroyl or the myristoyl acyl transferase is absent, which can be overcome by single-amino acid suppressor mutations in LPS flippase MsbA, suggesting LPS translocation defects in ΔlapD bacteria. Several genes whose products are involved in cell envelope homeostasis, including clsA, waaC, tig and micA, become essential in LapD’s absence. Furthermore, the overproduction of acyl carrier protein AcpP or transcriptional factors DksA, SrrA can overcome certain defects of the LapD-lacking strain.
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Ji F, Huang D, Tan X, Guo Y, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Wang X. Structure analysis of lipid A species in Vibrio parahaemolyticus by constructing mutants lacking multiple secondary acyltransferases of lipid A. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:716-729. [PMID: 35913040 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Four secondary acyltransferases of Vibrio parahaemolyticus lipid A encoded by VP_RS00880, VP_RS08405, VP_RS12170 and VP_RS01045 have been identified. In this study, mutants of V. parahaemolyticus were constructed by deleting two, three or four of these genes. The double mutants showed similar growth pattern with the wild type, but the quadruple mutant VPW011 showed significant growth defect at both 37°C and 21°C. Lipid A samples were extracted from these mutants and analyzed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The double and triple mutants could synthesize hepta- and octa-acylated lipid A species, while the quadruple mutant VPW011could synthesized hexa- and hepta-acylated lipid A. The results suggest that the four secondary acyltransferases could complement each other in V. parahaemolyticus. More importantly, additional secondary acyltransferases of lipid A might exist in V. parahaemolyticus and their activities might be as strong as the four known secondary acyltransferases. The unusual multiple secondary acyltransferases of lipid A might play roles in pathogenicity and antimicrobic resistance of V. parahaemolyticus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Ji M, Zhang X, Wang H, Chen Y, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Hyperproduction of PHA copolymers containing high fractions of 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) by outer membrane-defected Halomonas bluephagenesis grown in bioreactors. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1586-1597. [PMID: 34978757 PMCID: PMC9049619 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a self‐protective and permeable barrier, while having many non‐negligible negative effects in industrial biotechnology. Our previous studies revealed enhanced properties of Halomonas bluephagenesis based on positive cellular properties by OM defects. This study further expands the OM defect on membrane compactness by completely deleting two secondary acyltransferases for lipid A modification in H. bluephagenesis, LpxL and LpxM, and found more significant advantages than that of the previous lpxL mutant. Deletions on LpxL and LpxM accelerated poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production by H. bluephagenesis WZY229, leading to a 37% increase in PHB accumulation and 84‐folds reduced endotoxin production. Enhanced membrane permeability accelerates the diffusion of γ‐butyrolactone, allowing H. bluephagenesis WZY254 derived from H. bluephagenesis WZY229 to produce 82wt% poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐23mol%4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB‐co‐23mol%4HB)) in shake flasks, showing increases of 102% and 307% in P(3HB‐co‐4HB) production and 4HB accumulation, respectively. The 4HB molar fraction in copolymer can be elevated to 32 mol% in the presence of more γ‐butyrolactone. In a 7‐l bioreactor fed‐batch fermentation, H. bluephagenesis WZY254 supported a 84 g l−1 dry cell mass with 81wt% P(3HB‐co‐26mol%4HB), increasing 136% in 4HB molar fraction. This study further demonstrated that OM defects generate a hyperproduction strain for high 4HB containing copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengke Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Checkpoints That Regulate Balanced Biosynthesis of Lipopolysaccharide and Its Essentiality in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010189. [PMID: 35008618 PMCID: PMC8745692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, is essential for their viability. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes the major component of OM, providing the permeability barrier, and a tight balance exists between LPS and phospholipids amounts as both of these essential components use a common metabolic precursor. Hence, checkpoints are in place, right from the regulation of the first committed step in LPS biosynthesis mediated by LpxC through its turnover by FtsH and HslUV proteases in coordination with LPS assembly factors LapB and LapC. After the synthesis of LPS on the inner leaflet of the inner membrane (IM), LPS is flipped by the IM-located essential ATP-dependent transporter to the periplasmic face of IM, where it is picked up by the LPS transport complex spanning all three components of the cell envelope for its delivery to OM. MsbA exerts its intrinsic hydrocarbon ruler function as another checkpoint to transport hexa-acylated LPS as compared to underacylated LPS. Additional checkpoints in LPS assembly are: LapB-assisted coupling of LPS synthesis and translocation; cardiolipin presence when LPS is underacylated; the recruitment of RfaH transcriptional factor ensuring the transcription of LPS core biosynthetic genes; and the regulated incorporation of non-stoichiometric modifications, controlled by the stress-responsive RpoE sigma factor, small RNAs and two-component systems.
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Black IM, Heiss C, Jain M, Muszyński A, Carlson RW, Gabriel DW, Azadi P. Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from Liberibacter crescens Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into Candidatus Liberibacter Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11240. [PMID: 34681907 PMCID: PMC8537588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening disease, was first reported in the US in 2005. Since then, the disease has decimated the citrus industry in Florida, resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses and the destruction of thousands of acres of citrus groves. The causative agent of citrus greening disease is the phloem limited pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. As it has not been cultured, very little is known about the structural biology of the organism. Liberibacter are part of the Rhizobiaceae family, which includes nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes as well as the Agrobacterium plant pathogens. To better understand the Liberibacter genus, a closely related culturable bacterium (Liberibacter crescens or Lcr) has attracted attention as a model organism for structural and functional genomics of Liberibacters. Given that the structure of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria plays a crucial role in mediating host-pathogen interactions, we sought to characterize the LPS from Lcr. We found that the major lipid A component of the LPS consisted of a pentaacylated molecule with a β-6-GlcN disaccharide backbone lacking phosphate. The polysaccharide portion of the LPS was unusual compared to previously described members of the Rhizobiaceae family in that it contained ribofuranosyl residues. The LPS structure presented here allows us to extrapolate known LPS structure/function relationships to members of the Liberibacter genus which cannot yet be cultured. It also offers insights into the biology of the organism and how they manage to effectively attack citrus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.M.B.); (C.H.); (A.M.); (R.W.C.)
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.M.B.); (C.H.); (A.M.); (R.W.C.)
| | - Mukesh Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.J.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.M.B.); (C.H.); (A.M.); (R.W.C.)
| | - Russell W. Carlson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.M.B.); (C.H.); (A.M.); (R.W.C.)
| | - Dean W. Gabriel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (M.J.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (I.M.B.); (C.H.); (A.M.); (R.W.C.)
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Lipopolysaccharide of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Complex. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101410. [PMID: 34680043 PMCID: PMC8533242 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), localized in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, serves as the major surface component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope responsible for the activation of the host's innate immune system. Variations of the LPS structure utilized by Gram-negative bacteria promote survival by providing resistance to components of the innate immune system and preventing recognition by TLR4. This review summarizes studies of the biosynthesis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex LPSs, and the roles of their structural components in molecular mechanisms of yersiniae pathogenesis and immunogenesis.
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