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Cardona-Herrera R, Quiñones-Muñoz TA, Franco-Robles E, Ozuna C. Development of a tamarind-based functional beverage with partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup and the health effects of its consumption in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2024; 447:138935. [PMID: 38461724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Excess consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases. Tamarind and partially-hydrolyzed agave syrup have potential for developing healthier beverages. Our objective was to develop a functional beverage using these ingredients (PH-AS-B). We also evaluate shelf-life stability (physicochemical, microbiological, and antioxidant properties) and health effects in C57BL/6 mice compared with tamarind beverages sweetened with glucose or fructose. Optimal tamarind extraction conditions were a 1:10 ratio (g pulp/mL water) and boiling for 30 min, and the resulting beverage had a shelf life of two months at 4 °C. Non-volatile metabolites were identified using HPLC/MS. PH-AS-B was associated with decreased blood cholesterol (5%) and triglyceride (20-35%) concentrations in healthy mice as well as lower lipid (82%) concentrations and evidence of protein oxidation (42%) in the liver, compared with glucose- and fructose-sweetened tamarind beverages. In conclusion, PH-AS-B was stable and associated with beneficial metabolic properties in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Cardona-Herrera
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, Zapopan, Jalisco 45019, Mexico
| | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - César Ozuna
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico.
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2
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Sánchez-Terrón G, Martínez R, Morcuende D, Caballero V, Estévez M. Pomegranate supplementation alleviates dyslipidemia and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats by shifting microbiota and producing urolithin-like microbial metabolites. Food Funct 2024; 15:7348-7363. [PMID: 38661445 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and related chronic diseases are major non-communicable diseases with high mortality rates worldwide. While dietary sugars are known to be responsible for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the underlying pathophysiological effects of sustained fructose consumption require further elucidation. We hypothesize that certain bioactive compounds (i.e. punicalagin and ellagic acid) from dietary pomegranate could counteract the harmful effects of sustained fructose consumption in terms of obesity and liver damage. The present study aimed to elucidate both the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology associated with fructose intake and the effect of a punicalagin-rich commercial pomegranate dietary supplement (P) used as a nutritional strategy to alleviate fructose-induced metabolic impairments. Thus, nineteen Wistar rats fed on a basal commercial feed were supplemented with either 30% (w/v) fructose in drinking water (F; n = 7) or 30% (w/v) fructose solution plus 0.2% (w/v) P (F + P; n = 6) for 10 weeks. The results were compared to those from a control group fed on the basal diet and provided with drinking water (C; n = 6). Body weight and energy intake were registered weekly. P supplementation decreased fat depots, counteracted the dyslipidemia caused by F and improved markers of liver injury including steatosis. The study of the microbiota by metagenomics and urine by untargeted MS-based metabolomics revealed microbial metabolites from P that may be responsible for these health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sánchez-Terrón
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Remigio Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Animal Health and Zoonoses Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emergent Diseases (ENZOEM Competitive Research Unit), Universidad of Córdoba (UCO, ROR-ID 05yc77b46), Córdoba, 14014, Spain
| | - David Morcuende
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Víctor Caballero
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX, ROR-ID 0174shg90), Cáceres, 10003, Spain.
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3
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Ferreira JC, Villanueva AJ, Fadl S, Al Adem K, Cinviz ZN, Nedyalkova L, Cardoso THS, Andrade ME, Saksena NK, Sensoy O, Rabeh WM. Residues in the fructose-binding pocket are required for ketohexokinase-A activity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107538. [PMID: 38971308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption is a primary contributor to the global surges in obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Fructolysis is not robustly regulated and is initiated by ketohexokinase (KHK). In this study, we determined the crystal structure of KHK-A, one of two human isozymes of KHK, in the apo-state at 1.85 Å resolution, and we investigated the roles of residues in the fructose-binding pocket by mutational analysis. Introducing alanine at D15, N42, or N45 inactivated KHK-A, whereas mutating R141 or K174 reduced activity and thermodynamic stability. Kinetic studies revealed that the R141A and K174A mutations reduced fructose affinity by 2- to 4-fold compared to WT KHK-A, without affecting ATP affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations provided mechanistic insights into the potential roles of the mutated residues in ligand coordination and the maintenance of an open state in one monomer and a closed state in the other. Protein-protein interactome analysis indicated distinct expression patterns and downregulation of partner proteins in different tumor tissues, warranting a reevaluation of KHK's role in cancer development and progression. The connections between different cancer genes and the KHK signaling pathway suggest that KHK is a potential target for preventing cancer metastasis. This study enhances our understanding of KHK-A's structure and function and offers valuable insights into potential targets for developing treatments for obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Ferreira
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adrian J Villanueva
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar Fadl
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Al Adem
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeynep Nur Cinviz
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lyudmila Nedyalkova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mario Edson Andrade
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nitin K Saksena
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ozge Sensoy
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wael M Rabeh
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Li SJ, Liu AB, Yu YY, Ma JH. The role and mechanism of pyroptosis and potential therapeutic targets in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1407738. [PMID: 39022762 PMCID: PMC11251954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1407738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical pathological syndrome characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat within liver cells, which can progress to end-stage liver disease in severe cases, posing a threat to life. Pyroptosis is a distinct, pro-inflammatory form of cell death, differing from traditional apoptosis. In recent years, there has been growing research interest in the association between pyroptosis and NAFLD, encompassing the mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in the progression of NAFLD, as well as potential therapeutic targets. Controlled pyroptosis can activate immune cells, eliciting host immune responses to shield the body from harm. However, undue activation of pyroptosis may worsen inflammatory responses, induce cellular or tissue damage, disrupt immune responses, and potentially impact liver function. This review elucidates the involvement of pyroptosis and key molecular players, including NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and the caspase family, in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. It emphasizes the promising prospects of targeting pyroptosis as a therapeutic approach for NAFLD and offers valuable insights into future directions in the field of NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - An-Bu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jin-Hai Ma
- Department of Pediatrics Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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5
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Ferenc K, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal-Dembowska A, Stasik K, Filip R. Common Denominator of MASLD and Some Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6690-6709. [PMID: 39057041 PMCID: PMC11275402 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, steatohepatitis has been designated as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD). MASLD risk factors mainly include metabolic disorders but can also include genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Disease entities such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and MASLD share similar pathomechanisms and risk factors. Moreover, a bidirectional relationship is observed between the occurrence of certain chronic diseases and MASLD. These conditions represent a global public health problem that is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality. It seems that paying holistic attention to these problems will not only help increase the chances of reducing the incidence of these diseases but also assist in the prevention, treatment, and support of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
| | - Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Stasik
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (K.F.)
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Babu AF, Palomurto S, Kärjä V, Käkelä P, Lehtonen M, Hanhineva K, Pihlajamäki J, Männistö V. Metabolic signatures of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in severely obese patients. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00773-4. [PMID: 38825414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Still, most patients with MASLD die from cardiovascular diseases indicating metabolic alterations related to both liver and cardiovascular pathology. AIMS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to assess biologic pathways behind MASLD progression from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) using non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in 106 severely obese individuals (78 women, mean age 47.7 7 ± 9.2 years, body mass index 41.8 ± 4.3 kg/m²) undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. RESULTS We identified several metabolites that are associated with MASLD progression. Most importantly, we observed a decrease of lysophosphatidylcholines LPC(18:2), LPC(18:3), and LPC(20:3) and increase of xanthine when comparing those with steatosis to those with MASH. We found that indole propionic acid and threonine were negatively correlated to fibrosis, but not with the metabolic disturbances associated with cardiovascular risk. Xanthine, ketoleucine, and tryptophan were positively correlated to lobular inflammation and ballooning but also with insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, respectively. The results did not change when taking into account the most important genetic risk factors of MASLD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there are several separate biological pathways, some of them independent of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, associating with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrin Farizah Babu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saana Palomurto
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kärjä
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Afekta Technologies Ltd., Microkatu 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Sciences Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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Valentić B, Kelly A, Shestov AA, Gan Z, Shen F, Chatoff A, Jaccard A, Crispim CV, Scholler J, Heeke S, Snyder NW, Ghassemi S, Jones N, Gill S, O'Connor RS. The Glucose Transporter 5 Enhances CAR-T Cell Metabolic Function and Anti-tumour Durability. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4342820. [PMID: 38766088 PMCID: PMC11100898 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4342820/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Activated T cells undergo a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis to support the energetic demands of proliferation, differentiation, and cytolytic function. Transmembrane glucose flux is facilitated by glucose transporters (GLUT) that play a vital role in T cell metabolic reprogramming and anti-tumour function. GLUT isoforms are regulated at the level of expression and subcellular distribution. GLUTs also display preferential selectivity for carbohydrate macronutrients including glucose, galactose, and fructose. GLUT5, which selectively transports fructose over glucose, has never been explored as a genetic engineering strategy to enhance CAR-T cells in fructose-rich tumour environments. Fructose levels are significantly elevated in the bone marrow and the plasma of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of wild-type GLUT5 restores T cell metabolic fitness in glucose-free, high fructose conditions. We find that fructose supports maximal glycolytic capacity and ATP replenishment rates in GLUT5-expressing T cells. Using steady state tracer technology, we show that 13C6 fructose supports glycolytic reprogramming and TCA anaplerosis in CAR-T cells undergoing log phase expansion. In cytotoxicity assays, GLUT5 rescues T cell cytolytic function in glucose-free medium. The fructose/GLUT5 metabolic axis also supports maximal migratory velocity, which provides mechanistic insight into why GLUT5-expressing CAR-Ts have superior effector function as they undergo "hit-and-run" serial killing. These findings translate to superior anti-tumour function in a xenograft model of AML. In fact, we found that GLUT5 enhances CAR-T cell anti-tumour function in vivo without any need for fructose intervention. Accordingly, we hypothesize that GLUT5 is sufficient to enhance CAR-T resilience by increasing the cells' competitiveness for glucose at physiologic metabolite levels. Our findings have immediate translational relevance by providing the first evidence that GLUT5 confers a competitive edge in a fructose-enriched milieu, and is a novel approach to overcome glucose depletion in hostile tumour microenvironments (TMEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakir Valentić
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andre Kelly
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiyang Gan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feng Shen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Chatoff
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Alison Jaccard
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Claudia V Crispim
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Saar Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Schepp M, Freuer D, Wawro N, Peters A, Heier M, Teupser D, Meisinger C, Linseisen J. Association of the habitual dietary intake with the fatty liver index and effect modification by metabotypes in the population-based KORA-Fit study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:99. [PMID: 38575962 PMCID: PMC10993479 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging threat for public health with diet being a major risk factor in disease development and progression. However, the effects of habitual food consumption on fatty liver are still inconclusive as well as the proposed role of the individuals' metabolic profiles. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the associations between diet and NAFLD with an emphasis on the influence of specific metabotypes in the general population. METHODS A total of 689 participants (304 men and 385 women) of the KORA-Fit (S4) survey, a follow-up study of the population-based KORA cohort study running in the Region of Augsburg, Germany, were included in this analysis. Dietary information was derived from repeated 24-h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. The intake of energy and energy-providing nutrients were calculated using the national food composition database. The presence of fatty liver was quantified by the fatty liver index (FLI), and metabotypes were calculated using K-means clustering. Multivariable linear regression models were used for the analysis of habitual food groups and FLI; for the evaluation of macronutrients, energy substitution models were applied. RESULTS A higher consumption of nuts and whole grains, and a better diet quality (according to Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score) were associated with lower FLI values, while the intake of soft drinks, meat, fish and eggs were associated with a higher FLI. The isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a decreased FLI, while substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids and protein showed increased FLI. Statistically significant interactions with the metabotype were observed for most food groups. CONCLUSION The consumption of plant-based food groups, including nuts and whole grains, and diet quality, were associated with lower FLI values, whereas the intake of soft drinks and products of animal origin (meat, fish, eggs) were associated with a higher FLI. The observed statistically significant interactions with the metabotype for most food groups could help to develop targeted prevention strategies on a population-based level if confirmed in independent prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schepp
- University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, EpidemiologyAugsburg, Germany.
| | - D Freuer
- University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, EpidemiologyAugsburg, Germany
| | - N Wawro
- University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, EpidemiologyAugsburg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - D Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, EpidemiologyAugsburg, Germany
| | - J Linseisen
- University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, EpidemiologyAugsburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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Mitran AM, Gherasim A, Niță O, Mihalache L, Arhire LI, Cioancă O, Gafițanu D, Popa AD. Exploring Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns in Pregnancy and Their Impact on Health: A Comparative Analysis of Two Distinct Groups 10 Years Apart. Nutrients 2024; 16:377. [PMID: 38337662 PMCID: PMC10857126 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The significance of dietary patterns during pregnancy is highlighted by accumulating evidence, emphasizing their pivotal role in promoting a healthy pregnancy for both the mother and the child. This study aimed to assess the current dietary patterns of pregnant women, compare the energy and nutrient intake of two distinct groups with a 10-year interval, and identify changes in dietary patterns. EPIC FFQ was applied, and its data were interpreted with the FETA program version 6 (CAMB/PQ/6/1205). By means of principal component analysis, three different food patterns were identified in each study group: vegetarian, balanced, and traditional (2013); and prudent, vegetarian, and modern (2023). Analyzing the relationship between food groups and gestational weight, we found that gestational weight gain in 2013 was positively correlated with eggs and egg dishes and milk and milk products, whereas in 2023, gestational weight gain was positively correlated with fats and oils, non-alcoholic beverages, and the modern pattern. Additionally, in 2023, pre-gestational BMI correlated positively with eggs and egg dishes. The balanced pattern emerged as a predictor for a lower likelihood of inadequate gestational weight gain in both groups. Furthermore, normal and overweight pregnant women showed a reduced likelihood of excessive gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Maria Mitran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.N.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Otilia Niță
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.N.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.N.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (O.N.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Oana Cioancă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Gafițanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Delia Popa
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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11
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Kositamongkol C, Ngaohirunpat S, Samchusri S, Chaisathaphol T, Srivanichakorn W, Washirasaksiri C, Auesomwang C, Sitasuwan T, Tinmanee R, Sayabovorn N, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Phisalprapa P. Beverage consumption in patients with metabolic syndrome and its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1257969. [PMID: 38318474 PMCID: PMC10839077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1257969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has examined the association between coffee and tea consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Preclinical studies have indicated the potential hepatoprotective properties of cocoa/chocolate. However, clinical research on the consumption of cocoa/chocolate and soft drinks and their relation to NAFLD, particularly among individuals with metabolic syndrome, is limited. This study primarily aimed to assess the association between beverage consumption and NAFLD in these patients. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled adult patients with metabolic syndrome visited the Medicine Outpatient Department at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, from November 2011 to January 2013. The exclusion criteria were secondary causes of hepatic steatosis, such as excessive alcohol use, viral hepatitis, or drug-induced hepatitis. Participants completed a 23-item self-administered questionnaire covering their beverage consumption habits, including type, frequency, volume, duration, and additives in drinks, namely, coffee, tea, cocoa/chocolate, and soft drinks. To ensure accurate responses, these questionnaires were supplemented by face-to-face interviews. Ultrasonography was employed early in the methodology to diagnose NAFLD. Univariable analyses were used to compare the beverage consumption behaviors of participants with and without NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, including total beverage energy intake, age, anthropometric data, laboratory results, and comorbidities. Results This study included 505 patients with metabolic syndrome. Of these, 341 (67.5%, 95%CI: 63.2-71.6%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. The consumption rates of coffee, cocoa/chocolate, and soft drinks were similar between the two groups. However, tea consumption was significantly more common in patients with NAFLD (68.3% vs. 51.8%, p < 0.001). The groups had no significant differences in caffeine intake or total energy intake from beverages. Notably, daily intake of three or more cups of coffee was correlated with a reduced prevalence of NAFLD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.35 (95%CI: 0.14-0.89). Conclusion This study revealed that patients with metabolic syndrome, irrespective of NAFLD status, exhibited similar patterns of beverage consumption. While no definitive associations were identified between the intake of coffee, tea, cocoa/chocolate, or soft drinks and NAFLD, a notable exception was observed. A higher consumption of coffee (≥3 cups daily) was associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanis Kositamongkol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Supawit Samchusri
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanet Chaisathaphol
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Srivanichakorn
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Washirasaksiri
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Auesomwang
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tullaya Sitasuwan
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsima Tinmanee
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naruemit Sayabovorn
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Midorikawa K, Kobayashi K, Kato S, Kawanishi S, Kobayashi H, Oikawa S, Murata M. Oxidative DNA damage: Induction by fructose, in vitro, and its enhancement by hydrogen peroxide. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 893:503719. [PMID: 38272630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup comprise nearly equal amounts of glucose and fructose. With the use of high-fructose corn syrup in the food industry, consumption of fructose, which may be a tumor promoter, has increased dramatically. We examined fructose-induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II), with or without the addition of H2O2. With isolated DNA, fructose induced Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage, including formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), to a greater extent than did glucose, and H2O2 enhanced the damage. In cultured human cells, 8-oxodG formation increased significantly following treatment with fructose and the H2O2-generating enzyme glucose oxidase. Fructose may play an important role in oxidative DNA damage, suggesting a possible mechanism for involvement of fructose in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Midorikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Faculty of Child Education, Suzuka University, 663-222, Koriyama, Suzuka, Mie 510-0298, Japan
| | - Kokoro Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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13
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Afsharfar M, Salimi Z, Aminnezhad kavkani B, Shekari S, Abbastorki S, Majidi N, Gholamalizadeh M, Jarrahi AM, Hajipour A, Shafaei H, Doaei S. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with the different types of dietary carbohydrates: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1139-1143. [PMID: 37975105 PMCID: PMC10638219 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Many factors like sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and obesity are involved in the increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dietary consumption of carbohydrates may has a role in the risk of NAFLD. This study aimed to investigate the association of NAFLD with the different types of dietary carbohydrates. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 4200 participants including 660 patients with NAFLD and 3540 helathy individuals without NAFLD ages 35 to 70 in sabzevar, Iran. Data on socio-deomgraphic status, anthropomrtric measurments, blood tests, and dietary intake of different types of dietary carbohydrates was collected. Results The patients with NAFLD had a significantly higher dietary intake of glucose (29.38 ± 18.29 vs. 27.42 ± 15.96 g/d, P = 0.01) and fructose (33.99 ± 20.19 vs. 31.95 ± 18.34 g/d, P = 0.01) compared to the healthy people. A positive association was observed between NAFLD with the total intake of carbohydrates after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (OR: 1.001, CI 95%: 1-1.002, P = 0.04) The association remained significant after further adjustments for for education level, marital status, physical activity, smoking, and drinking alcohol (Model 2) and after additional adjustments for calorie intake (Model 3). Conclusions This study showed a positive association between total dietary carbohydrate and NAFLD. In particular, the amount of dietary of carbohydrates (regardless of the type of carbohydrate) may worsen NAFLD. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Afsharfar
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saheb Abbastorki
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Majidi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery School of Rasht, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Sánchez-Terrón G, Martínez R, Ruiz J, Luna C, Estévez M. Impact of Sustained Fructose Consumption on Gastrointestinal Function and Health in Wistar Rats: Glycoxidative Stress, Impaired Protein Digestion, and Shifted Fecal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16270-16285. [PMID: 37859404 PMCID: PMC10623553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the target of assorted pathological conditions, and dietary components are known to affect its functionality and health. In previous in vitro studies, we observed that reducing sugars induced protein glycoxidation and impaired protein digestibility. To gain further insights into the pathophysiological effects of dietary sugars, Wistar rats were provided with a 30% (w/v) fructose water solution for 10 weeks. Upon slaughter, in vivo protein digestibility was assessed, and the entire GIT (digests and tissues) was analyzed for markers of oxidative stress and untargeted metabolomics. Additionally, the impact of sustained fructose intake on colonic microbiota was also evaluated. High fructose intake for 10 weeks decreased protein digestibility and promoted changes in the physiological digestion of proteins, enhancing intestinal digestion rather than stomach digestion. Moreover, at colonic stages, the oxidative stress was harmfully increased, and both the microbiota and the intraluminal colonic metabolome were modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sánchez-Terrón
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Universidad of Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
- Animal Health Department, GISAZ Research Group, ENZOEM Competitive Research Unit, Universidad of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Carolina Luna
- Emergency Unit, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, SES, Junta de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
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15
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic diseases: A pharmacological target. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115861. [PMID: 37863329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is mainly responsible for the activation and release of a cascade of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to the development of hepatic diseases. During alcoholic liver disease development, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to the maturation of caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18, which induce a robust inflammatory response, leading to fibrosis by inducing profibrogenic hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Substantial evidence demonstrates that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ultimately leading to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in NASH can be attributed to several factors, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, which allow triggers such as cardiolipin, cholesterol crystals, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and uric acid to reach the liver. Because inflammation triggers HSC activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway performs a central function in fibrogenesis regardless of the etiology. Chronic hepatic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can ultimately lead to HCC; however, inflammation also plays a role in decreasing tumor growth. Some data indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays an important role in autoimmune hepatitis, but the evidence is scarce. Most researchers have reported that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is essential in liver injury induced by a variety of drugs and hepatotropic virus infection; however, few reports indicate that this pathway can play a beneficial role by inducing liver regeneration. Modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome appears to be a suitable strategy to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Apartado Postal 11340, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratorio de Hepatología Experimental, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, México.
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16
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Rupasinghe K, Hind J, Hegarty R. Updates in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:583-591. [PMID: 37592398 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is one of the major health concerns of the 21st century. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked with the increased adiposity associated with obesity. NAFLD has become the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) also known in children as pediatric fatty liver disease (PeFLD) type 2 has begun to supersede NAFLD as the preferred nomenclature in the pediatric population. Evidence suggests the etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial, related to the complex interplay of hormonal, nutritional, genetic, and environmental factors. Current limitations in accurate diagnostic biomarkers have rendered it a diagnosis of exclusion and it is important to exclude alternative or coexisting causes of PeFLD. Lifestyle changes and modifications remains the primary treatment modality in MAFLD in children. Weight loss of 7%-10% is described as reversing MAFLD in most patients. The Mediterranean diet also shows promise in reversing MAFLD. Pharmacological intervention is debatable in children, and though pediatric trials have not shown promise, other agents undergoing adult clinical trials show promise. This review outlines the latest evidence in pediatric MAFLD and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushila Rupasinghe
- From the Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Sztolsztener K, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Pędzińska-Betiuk A, Chabowski A. Concentration-Dependent Attenuation of Pro-Fibrotic Responses after Cannabigerol Exposure in Primary Rat Hepatocytes Cultured in Palmitate and Fructose Media. Cells 2023; 12:2243. [PMID: 37759466 PMCID: PMC10526512 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a consequence of liver injuries, in which the overproduction and progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components with the simultaneous failure of matrix turnover mechanisms are observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration-dependent influence of cannabigerol (CBG, Cannabis sativa L. component) on ECM composition with respect to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) changes in primary hepatocytes with fibrotic changes induced by palmitate and fructose media. Cells were isolated from male Wistar rats' livers in accordance with the two-step collagenase perfusion technique. This was followed by hepatocytes incubation with the presence or absence of palmitate with fructose and/or cannabigerol (at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 µM) for 48 h. The expression of ECM mRNA genes and proteins was determined using PCR and Western blot, respectively, whereas media ECM level was evaluated using ELISA. Our results indicated that selected low concentrations of CBG caused a reduction in TGF-β1 mRNA expression and secretion into media. Hepatocyte exposure to cannabigerol at low concentrations attenuated collagen 1 and 3 deposition. The protein and/or mRNA expressions and MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion were augmented using CBG. Considering the mentioned results, low concentrations of cannabigerol treatment might expedite fibrosis regression and promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Anna Pędzińska-Betiuk
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.K.-N.); (A.C.)
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18
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Shalaby N, Samocha-Bonet D, Kaakoush NO, Danta M. The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:1087. [PMID: 37764895 PMCID: PMC10536540 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Shalaby
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Clinical Insulin Resistance Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Healthcare Campus, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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19
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Nikolajeva K, Aizbalte O, Piskurjova A, Rezgale R, Cauce V, Začs D, Meija L. Fatty Acid Composition of a Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Latvian Pregnant Women. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1514. [PMID: 37763633 PMCID: PMC10532992 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the main FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and their influencing factors-dietary fat and supplement intake and lifestyle factors-in Latvian pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 236 pregnant and postpartum women. The data were collected from medical documentation, a food frequency questionnaire, and a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health status, and nutritional habits in outpatient clinics and maternity departments. FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. RESULTS Correlations were found between dietary SFAs and erythrocyte SFAs (r = -0.140, p = 0.032) and PUFAs (r = 0.167, p = 0.01) and between dietary PUFAs and erythrocyte MUFAs (r = -0.143, p = 0.028). Dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs positively correlated with the studied n-3 and n-6 FAs in erythrocytes. Vitamin D correlated positively with MUFA and negatively with total PUFA and AA in erythrocytes. There was a negative correlation between dietary vitamin A and linoleic acid in erythrocytes. Physical activity negatively correlated with erythrocyte MUFAs and positively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Alcohol consumption positively correlated with erythrocyte SFAs and negatively with erythrocyte PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS There are indications that some dietary FAs may be correlated with erythrocyte FAs. Possible influencing factors for this association are alcohol, physical activity, vitamin D, and vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nikolajeva
- Doctoral Department, Faculty of “Medicine”, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Olga Aizbalte
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Piskurjova
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Rezgale
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Vinita Cauce
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Dzintars Začs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Laila Meija
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
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20
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Kouvari M, Diamantis DV, Katsas K, Radaios V, Veloudaki A, Linos A. Nutritional Value of Meals Designed for a School-Based Food Aid Program and Comparison with Similar Commercial Products: An Example of Good Practice from the DIATROFI Program. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1268. [PMID: 37508765 PMCID: PMC10378201 DOI: 10.3390/children10071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Providing meals of high nutritional value should be the principal objective of large-scale school-based food aid programs. This study aimed at highlighting the nutritional value of meals distributed in the school-based food assistance DIATROFI Program by comparing them to their commercially available counterparts. For the purpose of this study, n = 13 DIATROFI meals and n = 50 commercial products from the 2016-2017 school year, and n = 12 DIATROFI meals and n = 40 commercial products from the 2022-2023 school year were selected. The protein, carbohydrate, total sugar, dietary fiber, total fat, sodium/salt content, and fatty acid methyl ester profile of DIATROFI meals were estimated through recipe simulation and national/international food databases, and verified through laboratory analyses while the relevant information was extracted from the label for commercial products. As verified by laboratory analyses and in comparison with food labels, most DIATROFI meals had lower total fat, saturated fatty acid, and sugar content, and most had higher dietary fiber content during both years. Many recipes' nutrient profiles also improved over time. DIATROFI meals present significant advantages over available commercial products. Such tailored-made school meals can prove to be advantageous in terms of nutrition profile compared to commercially available, which have yet to be impacted by food reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athen, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Dimitrios V Diamantis
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katsas
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Radaios
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Veloudaki
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
| | - Athena Linos
- PROLEPSIS Civil Law Non-Profit Organization of Preventive Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 15121 Athens, Greece
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21
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Muñoz Herrera OM, Hong BV, Ruiz Mendiola U, Maezawa I, Jin LW, Lebrilla CB, Harvey DJ, Zivkovic AM. Cholesterol, Amyloid Beta, Fructose, and LPS Influence ROS and ATP Concentrations and the Phagocytic Capacity of HMC3 Human Microglia Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10396. [PMID: 37373543 PMCID: PMC10299308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has found that genes specific to microglia are among the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that microglia are critically involved in the etiology of AD. Thus, microglia are an important therapeutic target for novel approaches to the treatment of AD. High-throughput in vitro models to screen molecules for their effectiveness in reversing the pathogenic, pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype are needed. In this study, we used a multi-stimulant approach to test the usefulness of the human microglia cell 3 (HMC3) cell line, immortalized from a human fetal brain-derived primary microglia culture, in duplicating critical aspects of the dysfunctional microglia phenotype. HMC3 microglia were treated with cholesterol (Chol), amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fructose individually and in combination. HMC3 microglia demonstrated changes in morphology consistent with activation when treated with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS. Multiple treatments increased the cellular content of Chol and cholesteryl esters (CE), but only the combination treatment of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS increased mitochondrial Chol content. Microglia treated with combinations containing Chol + AβO had lower apolipoprotein E (ApoE) secretion, with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS having the strongest effect. Combination treatment with Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS also induced APOE and TNF-α expression, reduced ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and reduced phagocytosis events. These findings suggest that HMC3 microglia treated with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS may be a useful high-throughput screening model amenable to testing on 96-well plates to test potential therapeutics to improve microglial function in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Muñoz Herrera
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Brian V. Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Ulises Ruiz Mendiola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | | | - Danielle J. Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
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22
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Reda D, Elshopakey GE, Albukhari TA, Almehmadi SJ, Refaat B, Risha EF, Mahgoub HA, El-Boshy ME, Abdelhamid FM. Vitamin D3 alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via the SREBP-1-c/ PPARα-NF-κB/IR-S2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1164512. [PMID: 37261280 PMCID: PMC10228732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1164512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease characterized by fat deposits in liver cells, which can lead to hepatitis and fibrosis. This study attempted to explore the protective effect of vitamin D3 (VitD) against NAFLD. Methods: Adult male albino rats were randomized into four separate groups: the negative control group was fed a standard rat chow; the positive group received a high-fat diet (20%) and 25% fructose water (NAFLD); the VitD control group was intramuscularly treated with VitD (1,000 IU/kg BW) 3 days per week for 10 weeks; and the NAFLD group was treated with VitD therapy. Biochemical and hepatic histological analyses were performed. Hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions were also studied. Hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c (SREBP-1-c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and insulin receptor substrate-2 was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion: The NAFLD rats exhibited elevated terminal body weight, hepatic injury markers, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Moreover, the NAFLD rats had increased SREBP-1-c expression and reduced PPAR-α and IRS-2 expressions. Histological analysis showed hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the NAFLD group. In contrast, VitD administration improved the serum biochemical parameters and hepatic redox status in NAFLD rats. Also, VitD treatment ameliorated hepatic inflammation and steatosis in the NAFLD group by decreasing the expression of SREBP-1-c and increasing the expression of PPAR-α. Overall, these results suggest that VitD could have a protective effect against NAFLD and its associated complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Reda
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Talat A. Albukhari
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah J. Almehmadi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy F. Risha
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A. Mahgoub
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Boshy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Abdelhamid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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23
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Muriel P, Cardoso-Lezama I, Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E. Mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in normal-weight individuals. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:521-529. [PMID: 36966767 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without inflammation or fibrosis is considered a relatively 'benign' disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), by contrast, is characterized by marked inflammation in addition to lipid accumulation, and may include fibrosis, progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Obesity and type II diabetes are frequently associated with NAFLD/NASH; however, a significant number of lean individuals may develop these diseases. Little attention has been paid to the causes and mechanisms contributing to NAFLD development in normal-weight individuals. One of the main causes of NAFLD in normal-weight individuals is the accumulation of visceral and muscular fat and its interaction with the liver. Myosteatosis (triglyceride accumulation in the muscle) induces a loss of muscle by reducing blood flow and insulin diffusion, contributing to NAFLD. Normal-weight patients with NAFLD exhibit higher serum markers of liver damage and C-reactive protein levels, as well as more pronounced insulin resistance, compared to healthy controls. Notably, increased levels of C-reactive protein and insulin resistance are strongly correlated with the risk of developing NAFLD/NASH. Gut dysbiosis has also been associated with NAFLD/NASH progression in normal-weight individuals. More investigation is required to elucidate the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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24
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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25
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Parisse S, Carnevale S, Di Bartolomeo F, Poli E, Miceli F, Ferri F, Mischitelli M, Rocco B, Lai Q, Lucatelli P, Corona M, Mennini G, De Santis A, Rossi M, Muscaritoli M, Cantafora A, Ginanni Corradini S. A Low Daily Intake of Simple Sugars in the Diet Is Associated with Improved Liver Function in Cirrhotic Liver Transplant Candidates. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071575. [PMID: 37049416 PMCID: PMC10097197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We investigated, for the first time, whether dietary simple sugar intake affects MELD score changes over time in a cohort of cirrhotic liver transplant candidates. (2) Methods: the MELD score, dietary habits using a 3-day food diary, and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) measured with CT scan were assessed in 80 consecutive outpatient cirrhotic patients at baseline, after counseling to follow current nutritional guidelines. The MELD score was reassessed after six months and the DELTA-MELD was calculated as the MELD at the second assessment minus the MELD at baseline. (3) Results: Compared with the baseline, the MELD score of cirrhotic patients at the end of the study was decreased, stable, or increased in 36%, 8% and 56% of patients, respectively. In separate multiple linear regression models, DELTA-MELD was positively and independently correlated with the daily intake of simple sugars expressed in g/kg body weight (p = 0.01) or as a percentage of total caloric intake (p = 0.0004) and with the number of daily portions of fruit, added sugar, jam, and honey (p = 0.003). These associations were present almost exclusively in patients with VATI above the median value. (4) Conclusions: In cirrhotic patients with high amounts of visceral adipose tissue the consumption of simple sugars and fructose should be limited to improve their clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Parisse
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Poli
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Miceli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Ferri
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Rocco
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Quirino Lai
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierleone Lucatelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Corona
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mennini
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano De Santis
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Rossi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cantafora
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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26
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Chuck KW, Hong S, Lee Y. Underuse of Gastric Cancer Screening Services among Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070927. [PMID: 37046854 PMCID: PMC10093844 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the gastric cancer screening rates between participants with diabetes and those without diabetes in the Korean population. The data of 4284 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 were used. Cancer-free people aged ≥40 years were included, and cancer screening rates in diabetes and non-diabetes participants were analyzed. Baseline characteristics and screening rates were calculated using weighted frequencies and multivariable regression at a 95% confidence interval in both groups. Screening for gastric cancer was significantly lower (odd ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95) in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. The odds of performing the recommended gastric cancer screening were also lower (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.90) in participants with diabetes than in those without diabetes. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, the multivariable logistics regression analysis also showed lower odds for gastric cancer screening participation in diabetic patients than in non-diabetes participants. Conclusively, people with diabetes were less likely to have ever had or been recommended screening compared with those without diabetes. Greater efforts need to be made by health specialists to increase the awareness and the need of long-term preventive care including gastric cancer screening in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumban Walter Chuck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seri Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164-World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164-World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea
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27
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Tadokoro T, Morishita A, Himoto T, Masaki T. Nutritional Support for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061360. [PMID: 36986091 PMCID: PMC10059060 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common finding in alcohol use disorders and is associated with the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These patients also frequently show deficiencies in vitamins and trace elements, increasing the likelihood of anemia and altered cognitive status. The etiology of malnutrition in ALD patients is multifactorial and complex and includes inadequate dietary intake, abnormal absorption and digestion, increased skeletal and visceral protein catabolism, and abnormal interactions between ethanol and lipid metabolism. Most nutritional measures derive from general chronic liver disease recommendations. Recently, many patients with ALD have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, which requires individualized treatment via nutritional therapy to avoid overnutrition. As ALD progresses to cirrhosis, it is frequently complicated by protein–energy malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutritional therapy is also important in the management of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy as liver failure progresses. The purpose of the review is to summarize important nutritional therapies for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-891-2156
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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28
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Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E, Acero-Hernández C, Cardoso-Lezama I, Galindo-Gómez S, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine effectively attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:147-159. [PMID: 36744700 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effect of caffeine, associated with its ability to upregulate the nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway, was explored as a possible mechanism for the attenuation of liver damage. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was induced in rats by the administration of a high-fat, high-sucrose, high-cholesterol diet (HFSCD) for 15 weeks. Liver damage was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) for six weeks. Caffeine was administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight during the period of NASH induction to evaluate its ability to prevent disease development. Meanwhile, rats received TAA for three weeks, after which 50 mg/kg caffeine was administered daily for three weeks with TAA to evaluate its capacity to interfere with the progression of hepatic injury. HFSCD administration induced hepatic steatosis, decreased Nrf2 levels, increased oxidative stress, induced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, leading to hepatic damage. TAA administration produced similar effects, excluding steatosis. Caffeine increased Nrf2 levels; attenuated oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal; restored normal, reduced glutathione levels; and reduced NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine levels, and damage. Our findings suggest that caffeine may be useful in the treatment of human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Acero-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Silvia Galindo-Gómez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
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29
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Lubawy M, Formanowicz D. High-Fructose Diet-Induced Hyperuricemia Accompanying Metabolic Syndrome-Mechanisms and Dietary Therapy Proposals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3596. [PMID: 36834291 PMCID: PMC9960726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is often used as a food ingredient due to its low production costs and sweetening power. In recent years, it has been noticed that people on a Western diet high in fructose have high levels of uric acid in their blood. It was recognized that the specific metabolism of fructose in the body might cause increased production of uric acid, which then may affect the intensification of lipogenesis and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance, gout, cardiovascular diseases, leptin resistance, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. So far, to treat hyperuricemia, it has been recommended to use a low-purine diet characterized by limiting protein-containing products. However, this recommendation often leads to an increased intake of carbohydrate-rich foods that may contain fructose. Increased fructose consumption may enhance the secretion of uric acid again and, consequently, does not have therapeutic effects. Therefore, instead of a low-purine diet, using healthy diets, such as DASH or the Mediterranean diet, which can benefit metabolic parameters, could be a better proposal. This article provides an overview of this approach, focusing on MetS and hyperuricemia among high-fructose dieters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Lubawy
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E, Rodriguez-Callejas JD, Cardoso-Lezama I, Galindo-Gómez S, Gil-Becerril K, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Arellanes-Robledo J, Tsutsumi V, Villa-Treviño S, Muriel P. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by CCl 4 exacerbates hepatopathogenic diet-induced experimental NASH. Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:100780. [PMID: 36309184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), along with an hepatopathogenic diet, is widely employed as a chemical inducer to replicate human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rodents; however, the role of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in this model remains unclear. We aimed to determine the relevance of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the development of NASH induced by CCl4 along with an hepatopathogenic diet in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were fed either a high fat, sucrose, and cholesterol diet (HFSCD) or a HFSCD plus intraperitoneal injections of low doses of CCl4 (400 mg/kg) once a week for 15 weeks. Liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were evaluated using biochemical, histological, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence analyses, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our experimental model reproduced several aspects of the human NASH pathophysiology. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was induced by the combined effect of HFSCD plus CCl4 and significantly increased levels of both proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and collagen deposition in the liver; thus, NASH severity was higher in the HFSCD+CCl4 group than that in the HFSCD group, to which CCl4 was not administered. Hepatic stellate cells, the most profibrogenic cells, were activated by HFSCD plus CCl4, as indicated by elevated levels of α-smooth muscle actin. Thus, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggered by low doses of CCl4, exacerbates the severity of NASH. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a key role and may be an important therapeutic target for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Apartado Postal 11340, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan D Rodriguez-Callejas
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Galindo-Gómez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Gil-Becerril
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. 'Benito Juárez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca, UABJO. Oaxaca, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology CONACYT. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases; National Institute of Genomic Medicine, INMEGEN. Directorate of Catedras; National Council of Science and Technology, CONACYT. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology; Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City, Mexico.
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A Comparison of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Hepatoma Cell Lines to Model the Effects of Fatty Acids, Fructose and Glucose on Liver Cell Lipid Accumulation. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010040. [PMID: 36615698 PMCID: PMC9824391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, but the relative contributions of different macronutrients is still unclear. We investigated the impact of fatty acids, glucose and fructose on lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and three different cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatoblastoma−derived cell line), Huh7 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and McA-RH7777 (McA, rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell line). Cells were treated for 48 h with fatty acids (0 or 200 μM), glucose (5 mM or 11 mM) and fructose (0 mM, 2 mM or 8 mM). Lipid accumulation was measured via Nile Red staining. All cell types accumulated lipid in response to fatty acids (p < 0.001). PHH and McA, but not HepG2 or Huh7 cells, accumulated more lipid with 11 mM glucose plus fatty acids (p = 0.004, fatty acid × glucose interaction, for both), but only PHH increased lipid accumulation in response to fructose (p < 0.001). Considerable variation was observed between PHH cells from different individuals. Lipid accumulation in PHH was increased by insulin (p = 0.003) with inter-individual variability. Similarly, insulin increased lipid accumulation in both HepG2 and McA cells, with a bigger response in McA in the presence of fatty acids (p < 0.001 for fatty acid × insulin). McA were more insulin sensitive than either HepG2 or Huh7 cells in terms of AKT phosphorylation (p < 0.001 insulin × cell type interaction). Hence, glucose and fructose can contribute to the accumulation of lipid in PHH with considerable inter-individual variation, but hepatoma cell lines are not good models of PHH.
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Mild methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency accelerates liver triacylglycerol and uric acid accumulation in fructose-fed mice. Nutr Res 2022; 108:33-42. [PMID: 36399975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A genetic predisposition to hepatic steatosis may be associated with dietary patterns. We hypothesized that a common variant in human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C→T) was previously associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the relationship between the human MTHFR polymorphism and NAFLD using fructose-fed male C57BL/6 Mthfr+/+ and Mthfr+/- mice, a model for the human gene variant. Mice were fed an 8% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Mthfr+/- mice had significantly increased abdominal fat mass and hepatic triglyceride (TG) but displayed a similar liver mass when compared with Mthfr+/+ mice. Liver morphology showed that mild MTHFR deficiency induced liver lipid droplet deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting accelerated lipid accumulation in the liver. Moreover, mild MTHFR deficiency increased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid accumulation. Using untargeted lipidomics, we identified 116 differentially expressed lipids species in the liver of Mthfr+/- mice when compared with Mthfr+/+ animals. The most significant lipid increase was observed in 47 TGs, followed by 33 phosphatidylcholines in Mthfr+/- mice liver. When compared with Mthfr+/+ liver, 9 TGs were dramatically decreased in Mthfr+/- liver. These changes were associated with upregulated gene expressions related to triglyceride synthesis and storage. Thus, Mthfr+/- mice developed NAFLD disease. These findings suggested the Mthfr variant may be at an increased risk of liver steatosis on a fructose solution diet.
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Shin KS, Lim DW, Son CG. Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Amomum xanthioides Ameliorates Metabolic-Syndrome-Like Pathological Conditions in Long-Term HFHFD-Fed Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2254. [PMID: 36421440 PMCID: PMC9687221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern society, numerous metabolic disorders are widespread globally. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether Bacillus subtilis-fermented Amomum xanthioides (BSAX) exerts anti-metabolic disturbance effects compared with the ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX), a previously verified functional fraction. Mice fed with a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 10 wk presented a typical model of metabolic dysfunction, and BSAX significantly attenuated a string of metabolic-syndrome-related pathological parameters, such as body, fat, organ mass, lipid markers (TGs, TC, free fatty acids), and glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin), without influencing appetite. Further, BSAX markedly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS in the blood and restored antioxidative parameters (SOD, GSH, and CAT in liver tissue, and total bilirubin in serum) by elevating Nrf2 and HO-1. Moreover, BSAX noticeably restored gut microbiota diversity and normalized lipid-metabolism-associated proteins, including SREBP-1, p-AMPK, and PPAR-α. Generally, most metabolic parameters were improved by BSAX to a greater extent than EFAX, except for liver weight and hepatic TC. In conclusion, BSAX alleviates metabolic dysfunction by enhancing lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity and is more effective than EFAX. Therefore, the application of high-yield, effective BSAX might be a promising approach for curing and preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lim
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongguk-Ro 32, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Free radicals, antioxidants, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 and liver damage. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:271-292. [PMID: 36707137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The liver performs various biochemical and molecular functions. Its location as a portal to blood arriving from the intestines makes it susceptible to several insults, leading to diverse pathologies, including alcoholic liver disease, viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are causes of death worldwide. Illuminating the molecular mechanism underlying hepatic injury will provide targets to develop new therapeutic strategies to fight liver maladies. In this regard, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-recognized mediators of liver damage. ROS induce nuclear factor-κB and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, which are the main proinflammatory signaling pathways that upregulate several proinflammatory and profibrogenic mediators. Additionally, oxygen-derived free radicals induce hepatic stellate cell activation to produce exacerbated quantities of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidants counteract the harmful effects of ROS, preventing liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis. Therefore, several researchers have demonstrated that the administration of antioxidants, mainly derived from plants, affords beneficial effects on the liver. Notably, nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a major factor against oxidative stress in the liver. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Nrf2 plays an important role in liver necroinflammation and fibrogenesis via the induction of antioxidant response element genes. The use of Nrf2 inducers seems to be an interesting approach to prevent/attenuate hepatic disorders, particularly under conditions where ROS play a causative role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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35
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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36
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis is essential for basic and clinical researchers. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100732. [PMID: 35786449 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, México.
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratorio de Hepatología Experimental, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México 07000, México.
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37
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Effects of Sporisorium reiliana polysaccharides and Phoenix dactylifera monosaccharides on the gut microbiota and serum metabolism in mice with fructose-induced hyperuricemia. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:436. [PMID: 35763072 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has increased, and dietary fructose is an important risk factor for the development of this disease. This study investigated and compared the effects of Sphacelotheca reiliana polysaccharides and Phoenix dactylifera monosaccharides on a series of physiological and biochemical indicators and on the metagenomes and serum metabolites in mice with hyperuricemia caused by a high-fructose diet. S. reiliana polysaccharides inhibited uric acid biosynthesis and promoted uric acid excretion, thereby alleviating the hyperuricemia phenotype. In addition, hyperuricemia was closely related to the gut microbiota. After treatment with S. reiliana polysaccharides, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in the mouse intestines were decreased, the expression of genes involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways and purine metabolism was downregulated, and the dysfunction of the gut microbiota was alleviated. With regard to serum metabolism, the abundance of hippuric acid, uridine, kynurenic acid, propionic acid and arachidonoyl decreased, and the abundances of serum metabolites in inflammatory pathways involved in kidney injury and gout, such as bile acid metabolism, purine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathways, decreased. P. dactylifera monosaccharides aggravated hyperuricemia. This research provides a valuable reference for the development of sugar applications.
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Griffett K, Hayes ME, Boeckman MP, Burris TP. The role of REV-ERB in NASH. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1133-1140. [PMID: 35217816 PMCID: PMC9061770 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
REV-ERBs are atypical nuclear receptors as they function as ligand-regulated transcriptional repressors. The natural ligand for the REV-ERBs (REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ) is heme, and heme-binding results in recruitment of transcriptional corepressor proteins such as N-CoR that mediates repression of REV-ERB target genes. These two receptors regulate a large range of physiological processes including several important in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These include carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as inflammatory pathways. A number of synthetic REV-ERB agonists have been developed as chemical tools and they show efficacy in animal models of NASH. Here, we will review the functions of REV-ERB with regard to their relevance to NASH as well as the potential to target REV-ERB for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Griffett
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew E Hayes
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael P Boeckman
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University in St. Louis and University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Gabbia D, Roverso M, Sarcognato S, Zanotto I, Ferri N, Russo FP, Guido M, Bogialli S, De Martin S. The Metabolic Activation of Sofosbuvir Is Impaired in an Experimental Model of NAFLD. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050693. [PMID: 35625421 PMCID: PMC9138586 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of liver steatosis on drug metabolism has been investigated in both preclinical and clinical settings, but the findings of these studies are still controversial. We here evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of the main sofosbuvir metabolite GS-331007 in healthy animals and rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after the oral administration of a single 400 mg/kg dose of sofosbuvir. The plasma concentration of GS-331007 was evaluated by HPLC-MS. The expression of the two enzymes uridine monophosphate-cytidine monophosphate kinase 1 (UMP-CMPK1), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ND-PK), responsible for the formation of the active metabolite GS-331007-TP, were measured by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. We demonstrated that in rats with steatosis, the area under the plasma concentration-vs-time curve (AUC) and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of GS-331007 increased significantly whereas the expression of UMP-CMPK was significantly lower than that of healthy animals. The reduction of UMP-CMPK expression suggests an impairment of sofosbuvir activation to GS-331007-TP, giving a possible explanation for the reduction of sofosbuvir efficacy in patients affected by genotype 3 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is often associated with liver steatosis. Furthermore, since GS-331007 plasma concentration is altered by steatosis, it can be suggested that the plasma concentration of this metabolite may not be a reliable indicator for exposure-response analysis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.G.); (I.Z.)
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.G.); (I.Z.)
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (D.G.); (I.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8275077
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Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E, Acero-Hernández C, Cardoso-Lezama I, Galindo-Gómez S, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. Caffeine mitigates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the progression of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis by blocking the MAPK and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathways. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100671. [PMID: 35065262 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Caffeine consumption is associated with beneficial effects on hepatic disorders. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antifibrotic effects of caffeine on experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced with a high-fat, high-sucrose, high-cholesterol diet (HFSCD), as well as to evaluate the ability of caffeine to prevent the progression of experimental liver fibrosis induced by the administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in rats and explore the mechanisms of action. METHODS NASH and fibrosis were induced in rats by the administration of an HFSCD for 15 weeks, and liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg TAA 3 times per week, for 6 weeks. Caffeine was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The effects of diet, TAA, and caffeine on fibrosis were evaluated by biochemical and histological examinations. The profibrotic pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Rats exhibited liver fibrosis after HFSCD feeding and the administration of TAA. Caffeine could reduce the hepatic level of collagen and the fibrotic area in the liver. Caffeine prevented the progression of liver fibrosis by decreasing transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Smad3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine attenuates NASH and the progression of liver fibrosis due to its antifibrotic effects and modulating the MAPK and TGF-β pathways. Therefore, caffeine could be a suitable candidate for treating liver diseases associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Apartado 11340 Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Acero-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Galindo-Gómez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado 14-740 Mexico City, Mexico.
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High fructose diet: A risk factor for immune system dysregulation. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:538-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Navarro CDC, Francisco A, Figueira TR, Ronchi JA, Oliveira HCF, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF. Dichloroacetate reactivates pyruvate-supported peroxide removal by liver mitochondria and prevents NAFLD aggravation in NAD(P) + transhydrogenase-null mice consuming a high-fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174750. [PMID: 35032488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) appear to involve liver mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. The functional loss of the enzyme NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase, a main source of mitochondrial NADPH, results in impaired mitochondrial peroxide removal, pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition by phosphorylation, and progression of NAFLD in HFD-fed mice. The present study aimed to investigate whether pharmacological reactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by dichloroacetate attenuates the mitochondrial redox dysfunction and the development of NAFLD in NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase-null (Nnt-/-) mice fed an HFD (60% of total calories from fat). For this purpose, Nnt-/- mice and their congenic controls (Nnt+/+) were fed chow or an HFD for 20 weeks and received sodium dichloroacetate or NaCl in the final 12 weeks via drinking water. The results showed that HFD reduced the ability of isolated liver mitochondria from Nnt-/- mice to remove peroxide, which was prevented by the dichloroacetate treatment. HFD-fed mice of both Nnt genotypes exhibited increased body and liver mass, as well as a higher content of hepatic triglycerides, but dichloroacetate treatment attenuated these abnormalities only in Nnt-/- mice. Notably, dichloroacetate treatment decreased liver pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation levels and prevented the aggravation of NAFLD in HFD-fed Nnt-/- mice. Conversely, dichloroacetate treatment elicited moderate hepatocyte ballooning in chow-fed mice, suggesting potentially toxic effects. We conclude that the protection against HFD-induced NAFLD by dichloroacetate is associated with its role in reactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase and reestablishing the pyruvate-supported liver mitochondrial capacity to handle peroxide in Nnt-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D C Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil.
| | - Annelise Francisco
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-907, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Ronchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Anibal E Vercesi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-888, Brazil.
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de Paula Dias Moreira L, Enes BN, de São José VPB, Toledo RCL, Ladeira LCM, Cardoso RR, da Silva Duarte V, Hermsdorff HHM, de Barros FAR, Martino HSD. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Flour and Oil Ameliorate Metabolic Disorders in the Liver of Rats Fed a High-Fat and High Fructose Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030285. [PMID: 35159437 PMCID: PMC8834135 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the consumption of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour (CF) and chia oil (CO) improves metabolic disorders in the liver of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) fed a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet. The animals were fed a HFHF diet (n = 30) or AIN93-M standard diet (n = 10) for eight weeks. After this period, the animals fed HFHF were divided into three groups (n = 10): HFHF diet, HFHF plus 14.7% of CF, and HFHF plus 4% of CO. Histological and biochemical analyses, gene expression, protein levels related to inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated in the liver. The HFHF diet caused lipogenesis, liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the animals. The CF and CO intake increased the liver total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, decreased nitric oxide levels and liver steatosis. Furthermore, the CF and CO led to the upregulation of Cpt1a and Adipor2, respectively, whereas CF downregulated Srebf1. CO intake decreased blood glucose, triglycerides, and the animals’ body weight. Chia did not show effects on mitigating liver pro-inflammatory status, which it may indicate occurs later. The addition of chia into an unbalanced diet is a good and relevant strategy to reduce liver metabolic disorders caused by the high consumption of fructose and saturated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | - Bárbara Nery Enes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Renata Celi Lopes Toledo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (R.R.C.); (F.A.R.d.B.)
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Organokines: What Is Now and What Will Be in the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010498. [PMID: 35008925 PMCID: PMC8745668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and enlargement of the diameter of hepatocytes (ballooning hepatocytes), with or without fibrosis. It affects 20% of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to liver dysfunction and the numerous metabolic changes that commonly accompany the condition (obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), the secretion of organokines is modified, which may contribute to the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. In this sense, this study aimed to perform a review of the role of organokines in NASH. Thus, by combining descriptors such as NASH, organokines, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, a search was carried out in the EMBASE, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Cochrane databases of articles published in the last ten years. Insulin resistance, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, fructose, and intestinal microbiota were factors identified as participating in the genesis and progression of NASH. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion (adipokines, myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines) directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the condition or compromise homeostasis. Thus, further studies involving skeletal muscle, adipose, bone, and liver tissue as endocrine organs are essential to better understand the modulation of organokines involved in the pathogenesis of NASH to advance in the treatment of this disease.
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