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Czpakowska J, Kałuża M, Szpakowski P, Głąbiński A. An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7759. [PMID: 39063001 PMCID: PMC11276743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) still poses a challenge in terms of complex etiology, not fully effective methods of treatment, and lack of healing agents. This neurodegenerative condition considerably affects the comfort of life by causing difficulties with movement and worsening cognition. Neuron, astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte activity is engaged in multiple pathogenic processes associated with MS. These cells are also utilized in creating in vitro cellular models for investigations focusing on MS. In this article, we present and discuss a summary of different in vitro models useful for MS research and describe their development. We discuss cellular models derived from animals or humans and present in the form of primary cell lines or immortalized cell lines. In addition, we characterize cell cultures developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Culture conditions (2D and 3D cultures) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
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2
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Cohn EF, Clayton BLL, Madhavan M, Lee KA, Yacoub S, Fedorov Y, Scavuzzo MA, Paul Friedman K, Shafer TJ, Tesar PJ. Pervasive environmental chemicals impair oligodendrocyte development. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:836-845. [PMID: 38528201 PMCID: PMC11088982 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals can impair neurodevelopment, and oligodendrocytes may be particularly vulnerable, as their development extends from gestation into adulthood. However, few environmental chemicals have been assessed for potential risks to oligodendrocytes. Here, using a high-throughput developmental screen in cultured cells, we identified environmental chemicals in two classes that disrupt oligodendrocyte development through distinct mechanisms. Quaternary compounds, ubiquitous in disinfecting agents and personal care products, were potently and selectively cytotoxic to developing oligodendrocytes, whereas organophosphate flame retardants, commonly found in household items such as furniture and electronics, prematurely arrested oligodendrocyte maturation. Chemicals from each class impaired oligodendrocyte development postnatally in mice and in a human 3D organoid model of prenatal cortical development. Analysis of epidemiological data showed that adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were associated with childhood exposure to the top organophosphate flame retardant identified by our screen. This work identifies toxicological vulnerabilities for oligodendrocyte development and highlights the need for deeper scrutiny of these compounds' impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristin A Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Yacoub
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Margolis ET, Gabard-Durnam LJ. Prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity: Integrating DOHaD and sensitive/critical period frameworks to understand biological embedding in early development. INFANCY 2024. [PMID: 38449347 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Early environments can have significant and lasting effects on brain, body, and behavior across the lifecourse. Here, we address current research efforts to understand how experiences impact neurodevelopment with a new perspective integrating two well-known conceptual frameworks - the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) and sensitive/critical period frameworks. Specifically, we consider how prenatal experiences characterized in the DOHaD model impact two key neurobiological mechanisms of sensitive/critical periods for adapting to and learning from the postnatal environment. We draw from both animal and human research to summarize the current state of knowledge on how particular prenatal substance exposures (psychoactive substances and heavy metals) and nutritional profiles (protein-energy malnutrition and iron deficiency) each differentially impact brain circuits' excitation/GABAergic inhibition balance and myelination. Finally, we highlight new research directions that emerge from this integrated framework, including testing how prenatal environments alter sensitive/critical period timing and learning and identifying potential promotional/buffering prenatal exposures to impact postnatal sensitive/critical periods. We hope this integrative framework considering prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity will stimulate new research to understand how early environments have lasting consequences on our brains, behavior, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Margolis
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Barreras P, Pamies D, Hartung T, Pardo CA. Human brain microphysiological systems in the study of neuroinfectious disorders. Exp Neurol 2023; 365:114409. [PMID: 37061175 PMCID: PMC10205672 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are 2D or 3D multicellular constructs able to mimic tissue microenvironments. The latest models encompass a range of techniques, including co-culturing of various cell types, utilization of scaffolds and extracellular matrix materials, perfusion systems, 3D culture methods, 3D bioprinting, organ-on-a-chip technology, and examination of tissue structures. Several human brain 3D cultures or brain MPS (BMPS) have emerged in the last decade. These organoids or spheroids are 3D culture systems derived from induced pluripotent cells or embryonic stem cells that contain neuronal and glial populations and recapitulate structural and physiological aspects of the human brain. BMPS have been introduced recently in the study and modeling of neuroinfectious diseases and have proven to be useful in establishing neurotropism of viral infections, cell-pathogen interactions needed for infection, assessing cytopathological effects, genomic and proteomic profiles, and screening therapeutic compounds. Here we review the different methodologies of organoids used in neuroinfectious diseases including spheroids, guided and unguided protocols as well as microglia and blood-brain barrier containing models, their specific applications, and limitations. The review provides an overview of the models existing for specific infections including Zika, Dengue, JC virus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, herpes, SARS-CoV2, and influenza viruses among others, and provide useful concepts in the modeling of disease and antiviral agent screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Barreras
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA; CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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5
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Morales Pantoja IE, Smirnova L, Muotri AR, Wahlin KJ, Kahn J, Boyd JL, Gracias DH, Harris TD, Cohen-Karni T, Caffo BS, Szalay AS, Han F, Zack DJ, Etienne-Cummings R, Akwaboah A, Romero JC, Alam El Din DM, Plotkin JD, Paulhamus BL, Johnson EC, Gilbert F, Curley JL, Cappiello B, Schwamborn JC, Hill EJ, Roach P, Tornero D, Krall C, Parri R, Sillé F, Levchenko A, Jabbour RE, Kagan BJ, Berlinicke CA, Huang Q, Maertens A, Herrmann K, Tsaioun K, Dastgheyb R, Habela CW, Vogelstein JT, Hartung T. First Organoid Intelligence (OI) workshop to form an OI community. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1116870. [PMID: 36925616 PMCID: PMC10013972 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most powerful computation system known. It is extremely efficient in processing large amounts of information and can discern signals from noise, adapt, and filter faulty information all while running on only 20 watts of power. The human brain's processing efficiency, progressive learning, and plasticity are unmatched by any computer system. Recent advances in stem cell technology have elevated the field of cell culture to higher levels of complexity, such as the development of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids that recapitulate human brain functionality better than traditional monolayer cell systems. Organoid Intelligence (OI) aims to harness the innate biological capabilities of brain organoids for biocomputing and synthetic intelligence by interfacing them with computer technology. With the latest strides in stem cell technology, bioengineering, and machine learning, we can explore the ability of brain organoids to compute, and store given information (input), execute a task (output), and study how this affects the structural and functional connections in the organoids themselves. Furthermore, understanding how learning generates and changes patterns of connectivity in organoids can shed light on the early stages of cognition in the human brain. Investigating and understanding these concepts is an enormous, multidisciplinary endeavor that necessitates the engagement of both the scientific community and the public. Thus, on Feb 22-24 of 2022, the Johns Hopkins University held the first Organoid Intelligence Workshop to form an OI Community and to lay out the groundwork for the establishment of OI as a new scientific discipline. The potential of OI to revolutionize computing, neurological research, and drug development was discussed, along with a vision and roadmap for its development over the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzy E. Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Archealization Center (ArchC), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Karl J. Wahlin
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology & the Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kahn
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J. Lomax Boyd
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Microphysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy D. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian S. Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander S. Szalay
- Department of Computer Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Statistics and Economics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ralph Etienne-Cummings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akwasi Akwaboah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dowlette-Mary Alam El Din
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jesse D. Plotkin
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Barton L. Paulhamus
- Department of Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Erik C. Johnson
- Department of Research and Exploratory Development, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Frederic Gilbert
- Philosophy Program, School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | | | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Eric J. Hill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinic Hospital August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Krall
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rheinallt Parri
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fenna Sillé
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rabih E. Jabbour
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Maryland Global Campus, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Cynthia A. Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathrin Herrmann
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christa Whelan Habela
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua T. Vogelstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT)-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Luconi M, Sogorb MA, Markert UR, Benfenati E, May T, Wolbank S, Roncaglioni A, Schmidt A, Straccia M, Tait S. Human-Based New Approach Methodologies in Developmental Toxicity Testing: A Step Ahead from the State of the Art with a Feto-Placental Organ-on-Chip Platform. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15828. [PMID: 36497907 PMCID: PMC9737555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity testing urgently requires the implementation of human-relevant new approach methodologies (NAMs) that better recapitulate the peculiar nature of human physiology during pregnancy, especially the placenta and the maternal/fetal interface, which represent a key stage for human lifelong health. Fit-for-purpose NAMs for the placental-fetal interface are desirable to improve the biological knowledge of environmental exposure at the molecular level and to reduce the high cost, time and ethical impact of animal studies. This article reviews the state of the art on the available in vitro (placental, fetal and amniotic cell-based systems) and in silico NAMs of human relevance for developmental toxicity testing purposes; in addition, we considered available Adverse Outcome Pathways related to developmental toxicity. The OECD TG 414 for the identification and assessment of deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to chemicals on developing organisms will be discussed to delineate the regulatory context and to better debate what is missing and needed in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis to significantly improve this sector. Starting from this analysis, the development of a novel human feto-placental organ-on-chip platform will be introduced as an innovative future alternative tool for developmental toxicity testing, considering possible implementation and validation strategies to overcome the limitation of the current animal studies and NAMs available in regulatory toxicology and in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel A. Sogorb
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institut for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Roncaglioni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Astrid Schmidt
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Straccia
- FRESCI by Science&Strategy SL, C/Roure Monjo 33, Vacarisses, 08233 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Centre for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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7
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Huang Q, Tang B, Romero JC, Yang Y, Elsayed SK, Pahapale G, Lee TJ, Morales Pantoja IE, Han F, Berlinicke C, Xiang T, Solazzo M, Hartung T, Qin Z, Caffo BS, Smirnova L, Gracias DH. Shell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for brain organoids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5031. [PMID: 35977026 PMCID: PMC9385157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brain organoids are important models for mimicking some three-dimensional (3D) cytoarchitectural and functional aspects of the brain. Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) that enable recording and stimulation of activity from electrogenic cells offer notable potential for interrogating brain organoids. However, conventional MEAs, initially designed for monolayer cultures, offer limited recording contact area restricted to the bottom of the 3D organoids. Inspired by the shape of electroencephalography caps, we developed miniaturized wafer-integrated MEA caps for organoids. The optically transparent shells are composed of self-folding polymer leaflets with conductive polymer-coated metal electrodes. Tunable folding of the minicaps' polymer leaflets guided by mechanics simulations enables versatile recording from organoids of different sizes, and we validate the feasibility of electrophysiology recording from 400- to 600-μm-sized organoids for up to 4 weeks and in response to glutamate stimulation. Our studies suggest that 3D shell MEAs offer great potential for high signal-to-noise ratio and 3D spatiotemporal brain organoid recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bohao Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuqian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Gayatri Pahapale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tien-Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Itzy E. Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cynthia Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Terry Xiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mallory Solazzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Environmental Metrology & Policy Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Brian S. Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Environmental Metrology & Policy Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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8
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Quality criteria for in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived models of tissue-based cells. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:36-50. [PMID: 35697279 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of the technology to isolate or generate human pluripotent stem cells provided the potential to develop a wide range of human models that could enhance understanding of mechanisms underlying human development and disease. These systems are now beginning to mature and provide the basis for the development of in vitro assays suitable to understand the biological processes involved in the multi-organ systems of the human body, and will improve strategies for diagnosis, prevention, therapies and precision medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines are prone to phenotypic and genotypic changes and donor/clone dependent variability, which means that it is important to identify the most appropriate characterization markers and quality control measures when sourcing new cell lines and assessing differentiated cell and tissue culture preparations for experimental work. This paper considers those core quality control measures for human pluripotent stem cell lines and evaluates the state of play in the development of key functional markers for their differentiated cell derivatives to promote assurance of reproducibility of scientific data derived from pluripotent stem cell-based systems.
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9
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Fu N, Zhu R, Zeng S, Li N, Zhang J. Effect of Anesthesia on Oligodendrocyte Development in the Brain. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:848362. [PMID: 35664684 PMCID: PMC9158484 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.848362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) participate in the formation of myelin, promoting the propagation of action potentials, and disruption of their proliferation and differentiation leads to central nervous system (CNS) damage. As surgical techniques have advanced, there is an increasing number of children who undergo multiple procedures early in life, and recent experiments have demonstrated effects on brain development after a single or multiple anesthetics. An increasing number of clinical studies showing the effects of anesthetic drugs on the development of the nervous system may mainly reside in the connections between neurons, where myelin development will receive more research attention. In this article, we review the relationship between anesthesia exposure and the brain and OLs, provide new insights into the development of the relationship between anesthesia exposure and OLs, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention of neurodevelopmental risks of general anesthesia drugs.
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10
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Francesca P, Mauro P, Clerbaux LA, Leoni G, Ponti J, Bogni A, Brogna C, Cristoni S, Sanges R, Mendoza-de Gyves E, Fabbri M, Querci M, Soares H, Munoz Pineiro A, Whelan M, Van de Eede G. Effects of spike protein and toxin-like peptides found in COVID-19 patients on human 3D neuronal/glial model undergoing differentiation: possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 impact on brain development. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:34-48. [PMID: 35525527 PMCID: PMC9068247 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The possible neurodevelopmental consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are presently unknown. In utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to affect the developing brain, possibly disrupting neurodevelopment of children. Spike protein interactors, such as ACE2, have been found expressed in the fetal brain, and could play a role in potential SARS-CoV-2 fetal brain pathogenesis. Apart from the possible direct involvement of SARS-CoV-2 or its specific viral components in the occurrence of neurological and neurodevelopmental manifestations, we recently reported the presence of toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and fecal samples specifically from COVID-19 patients. In this study, we investigated the possible neurotoxic effects elicited upon 72-hour exposure to human relevant levels of recombinant spike protein, toxin-like peptides found in COVID-19 patients, as well as a combination of both in 3D human iPSC-derived neural stem cells differentiated for either 2 weeks (short-term) or 8 weeks (long-term, 2 weeks in suspension + 6 weeks on MEA) towards neurons/glia. Whole transcriptome and qPCR analysis revealed that spike protein and toxin-like peptides at non-cytotoxic concentrations differentially perturb the expression of SPHK1, ELN, GASK1B, HEY1, UTS2, ACE2 and some neuronal-, glia- and NSC-related genes critical during brain development. Additionally, exposure to spike protein caused a decrease of spontaneous electrical activity after two days in long-term differentiated cultures. The perturbations of these neurodevelopmental endpoints are discussed in the context of recent knowledge about the key events described in Adverse Outcome Pathways relevant to COVID-19, gathered in the context of the CIAO project (https://www.ciao-covid.net/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petrillo Mauro
- Seidor Italy srl. Past affiliation (until 15/06/2021) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Leoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Remo Sanges
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fabbri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Helena Soares
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Guy Van de Eede
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
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11
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Nunes C, Gorczyca G, Mendoza-deGyves E, Ponti J, Bogni A, Carpi D, Bal-Price A, Pistollato F. Upscaling biological complexity to boost neuronal and oligodendroglia maturation and improve in vitro developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) evaluation. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:124-140. [PMID: 35378221 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal and glial cell models are suitable to assess the effects of environmental chemicals on the developing brain. Such test systems can recapitulate several key neurodevelopmental features, such as neural stem cell formation and differentiation towards different neuronal subtypes and astrocytes, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation and neuronal network formation and function, which are crucial for brain development. While monolayer, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of human iPSC-neuronal or glial derivatives are generally suited for high-throughput testing, they also show some limitations. In particular, differentiation towards myelinating oligodendrocytes can only be achieved after extended periods in differentiation. In recent years, the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal and glial models obtained from human iPSCs has been shown to compensate for such limitations, enabling robust differentiation towards both neuronal and glial cell populations, myelination and formation of more mature neuronal network activity. Here we compared the differentiation capacity of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells cultured either as 2D monolayer or as 3D neurospheres, and assessed chlorpyrifos (CPF) effects. Data indicate that 3D neurospheres differentiate towards neurons and oligodendroglia more rapidly than 2D cultures; however, the 2D model is more suitable to assess neuronal functionality by analysis of spontaneous electrical activity using multielectrode array. Moreover, 2D and 3D test systems are diversely susceptible to CPF treatment. In conclusion, the selection of the most suitable in vitro test system (either 2D or 3D) should take into account the context of use and intended research goals ('fit for purpose' principle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Gorczyca
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Jessica Ponti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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12
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Pamies D, Wiersma D, Katt ME, Zhong L, Burtscher J, Harris G, Smirnova L, Searson PC, Hartung T, Hogberg HT. Human organotypic brain model as a tool to study chemical-induced dopaminergic neuronal toxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105719. [PMID: 35398340 PMCID: PMC9298686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). This imbalance plays an important role in brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta to oxidative stress is considered a key factor of PD pathogenesis. Here we study the effect of different oxidative stress-inducing compounds (6-OHDA, MPTP or MPP+) on the population of dopaminergic neurons in an iPSC-derived human brain 3D model (aka BrainSpheres). Treatment with 6-OHDA, MPTP or MPP+ at 4 weeks of differentiation disrupted the dopaminergic neuronal phenotype in BrainSpheres at (50, 5000, 1000 μM respectively). 6-OHDA increased ROS production and decreased mitochondrial function most efficiently. It further induced the greatest changes in gene expression and metabolites related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Co-culturing BrainSpheres with an endothelial barrier using a transwell system allowed the assessment of differential penetration capacities of the tested compounds and the damage they caused in the dopaminergic neurons within the BrainSpheres In conclusion, treatment with compounds known to induce PD-like phenotypes in vivo caused molecular deficits and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the BrainSphere model. This approach therefore recapitulates common animal models of neurodegenerative processes in PD at similarly high doses. The relevance as tool for drug discovery is discussed.
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13
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Koch K, Bartmann K, Hartmann J, Kapr J, Klose J, Kuchovská E, Pahl M, Schlüppmann K, Zühr E, Fritsche E. Scientific Validation of Human Neurosphere Assays for Developmental Neurotoxicity Evaluation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:816370. [PMID: 35295221 PMCID: PMC8915868 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.816370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a call for a paradigm shift in developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) evaluation, which demands the implementation of faster, more cost-efficient, and human-relevant test systems than current in vivo guideline studies. Under the umbrella of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a guidance document is currently being prepared that instructs on the regulatory use of a DNT in vitro battery (DNT IVB) for fit-for-purpose applications. One crucial issue for OECD application of methods is validation, which for new approach methods (NAMs) requires novel approaches. Here, mechanistic information previously identified in vivo, as well as reported neurodevelopmental adversities in response to disturbances on the cellular and tissue level, are of central importance. In this study, we scientifically validate the Neurosphere Assay, which is based on human primary neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and an integral part of the DNT IVB. It assesses neurodevelopmental key events (KEs) like NPC proliferation (NPC1ab), radial glia cell migration (NPC2a), neuronal differentiation (NPC3), neurite outgrowth (NPC4), oligodendrocyte differentiation (NPC5), and thyroid hormone-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation (NPC6). In addition, we extend our work from the hNPCs to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs (hiNPCs) for the NPC proliferation (iNPC1ab) and radial glia assays (iNPC2a). The validation process we report for the endpoints studied with the Neurosphere Assays is based on 1) describing the relevance of the respective endpoints for brain development, 2) the confirmation of the cell type-specific morphologies observed in vitro, 3) expressions of cell type-specific markers consistent with those morphologies, 4) appropriate anticipated responses to physiological pertinent signaling stimuli and 5) alterations in specific in vitro endpoints upon challenges with confirmed DNT compounds. With these strong mechanistic underpinnings, we posit that the Neurosphere Assay as an integral part of the DNT in vitro screening battery is well poised for DNT evaluation for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koch
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Bartmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Kapr
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jördis Klose
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eliška Kuchovská
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Pahl
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kevin Schlüppmann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Etta Zühr
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ellen Fritsche,
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14
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Chesnut M, Paschoud H, Repond C, Smirnova L, Hartung T, Zurich MG, Hogberg HT, Pamies D. Human IPSC-Derived Model to Study Myelin Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9473. [PMID: 34502381 PMCID: PMC8430601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is of vital importance to the central nervous system and its disruption is related to a large number of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. The differences observed between human and rodent oligodendrocytes make animals inadequate for modeling these diseases. Although developing human in vitro models for oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons has been a great challenge, 3D cell cultures derived from iPSC are now available and able to partially reproduce the myelination process. We have previously developed a human iPSC-derived 3D brain organoid model (also called BrainSpheres) that contains a high percentage of myelinated axons and is highly reproducible. Here, we have further refined this technology by applying multiple readouts to study myelination disruption. Myelin was assessed by quantifying immunostaining/confocal microscopy of co-localized myelin basic protein (MBP) with neurofilament proteins as well as proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). Levels of PLP1 were also assessed by Western blot. We identified compounds capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity by disrupting myelin in a systematic review to evaluate the relevance of our BrainSphere model for the study of the myelination/demyelination processes. Results demonstrated that the positive reference compound (cuprizone) and two of the three potential myelin disruptors tested (Bisphenol A, Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, but not methyl mercury) decreased myelination, while ibuprofen (negative control) had no effect. Here, we define a methodology that allows quantification of myelin disruption and provides reference compounds for chemical-induced myelin disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (L.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Hélène Paschoud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.P.); (C.R.); (M.-G.Z.)
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.P.); (C.R.); (M.-G.Z.)
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (L.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (L.S.); (T.H.)
- Center for Alternative to Animla Testing Europe, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.P.); (C.R.); (M.-G.Z.)
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (L.S.); (T.H.)
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (L.S.); (T.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; (H.P.); (C.R.); (M.-G.Z.)
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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