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Ning L, Shen R, Xie B, Jiang Y, Geng X, Dong W. AMPA receptors in Alzheimer disease: Pathological changes and potential therapeutic targets. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024:nlae093. [PMID: 39235983 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects synapses and leads to progressive cognitive decline. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the pathogenesis of AD is well-established as they contribute to excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration in the pathological process of extrasynaptic glutamate concentration. However, the therapeutic potential of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine in rescuing synaptic damage is limited. Research indicates that α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors also play a significant role in AD. Abnormal transcription, expression, and localization of AMPA receptors lead to synaptic dysfunction and damage, contributing to early cognitive impairment in AD patients. Understanding the impact of AMPA receptors on AD pathogenesis and exploring the potential for the development of AMPA receptor-targeting drugs are crucial. This review aims to consolidate recent research findings on AMPA receptors in AD, elucidate the current state of AMPA receptor research and lay the foundation for future basic research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Ning
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongjing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Wen X, Huang C, Xie H, Hu D, Luo J, Li K. The Applications of CircRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6501-6510. [PMID: 38315302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and intervention are key to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an urgent need for new biomarkers and molecular targets for the detection and treatment of early Alzheimer's pathology. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA with a special type of covalently closed single strand, with potential preventive and therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases. New studies in the field of circRNA in AD have made many exciting new discoveries in recent years, some of which have not received sufficient attention but have important research implications. This review will focus on existing studies of circRNA in AD and discuss future translational perspectives of proposed circRNA strategies for clinical application in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Wen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hesong Xie
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Juyu Luo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Xiao F, He Z, Wang S, Li J, Fan X, Yan T, Yang M, Yang D. Regulatory mechanism of circular RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14499. [PMID: 37864389 PMCID: PMC11017410 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disease is a collective term for a category of diseases that are caused by neuronal dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs without the 3' cap and 5' poly(A) and are linked by covalent bonds. CircRNAs are highly expressed in brain neurons and can regulate the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting the levels of various deposition proteins. AIMS This review is aiming to suggest that the majority of circRNAs influence neurodegenerative pathologies mainly by affecting the abnormal deposition of proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We systematically summarized the pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases and the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in various types of neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Neurodegenerative disease main features include intercellular ubiquitin-proteasome system abnormalities, changes in cytoskeletal proteins, and the continuous deposition of insoluble protein fragments and inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm or nucleus, resulting in impairment of the normal physiological processes of the neuronal system. CircRNAs have multiple mechanisms, such as acting as microRNA sponges, binding to proteins, and regulating transcription. CircRNAs, which are highly stable molecules, are expected to be potential biomarkers for the pathological detection of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe the regulatory roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases and aim to employ circRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
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Höglund A, Henriksen R, Churcher AM, Guerrero-Bosagna CM, Martinez-Barrio A, Johnsson M, Jensen P, Wright D. The regulation of methylation on the Z chromosome and the identification of multiple novel Male Hyper-Methylated regions in the chicken. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1010719. [PMID: 38457441 PMCID: PMC10954189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key regulator of eukaryote genomes, and is of particular relevance in the regulation of gene expression on the sex chromosomes, with a key role in dosage compensation in mammalian XY systems. In the case of birds, dosage compensation is largely absent, with it being restricted to two small Male Hyper-Methylated (MHM) regions on the Z chromosome. To investigate how variation in DNA methylation is regulated on the Z chromosome we utilised a wild x domestic advanced intercross in the chicken, with both hypothalamic methylomes and transcriptomes assayed in 124 individuals. The relatively large numbers of individuals allowed us to identify additional genomic MHM regions on the Z chromosome that were significantly differentially methylated between the sexes. These regions appear to down-regulate local gene expression in males, but not remove it entirely (unlike the lncRNAs identified in the initial MHM regions). These MHM regions were further tested and the most balanced genes appear to show decreased expression in males, whilst methylation appeared to be far more correlated with gene expression in the less balanced, as compared to the most balanced genes. In addition, quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate variation in methylation on the Z chromosome, and those loci that regulate methylation on the autosomes that derive from the Z chromosome were mapped. Trans-effect hotspots were also identified that were based on the autosomes but affected the Z, and also one that was based on the Z chromosome but that affected both autosomal and sex chromosome DNA methylation regulation. We show that both cis and trans loci that originate from the Z chromosome never exhibit an interaction with sex, whereas trans loci originating from the autosomes but affecting the Z chromosome always display such an interaction. Our results highlight how additional MHM regions are actually present on the Z chromosome, and they appear to have smaller-scale effects on gene expression in males. Quantitative variation in methylation is also regulated both from the autosomes to the Z chromosome, and from the Z chromosome to the autosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rie Henriksen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos M. Guerrero-Bosagna
- Physiology and Environmental Toxicology Program, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Johnsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Beylerli O, Beilerli A, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Shi H, Sufianov A. CircRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: What are the prospects? Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:203-210. [PMID: 38125754 PMCID: PMC10730436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a fascinating covalently closed circular non-coding RNA that is abundantly present in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells. Its versatile nature allows it to participate in a multitude of pathological and physiological processes within the organism. One of its crucial functions is acting as a microRNA sponge, modulating protein transcription levels, and forming interactions with essential RNA-binding proteins. Remarkably, circRNAs demonstrates a specific enrichment in various vital areas of the brain, including the cortex, hippocampus, white matter, and photoreceptor neurons, particularly in aging organisms. This intriguing characteristic has led scientists to explore its potential as a significant biological marker of neurodegeneration, offering promising insights into neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, there has been an interesting observation of elevated levels of circRNAs in both peripheral blood and synaptic terminals of affected individuals. This intriguing finding raises the possibility that circRNAs may have a central role in the initiation and progression of AD. Notably, different categories of circRNAs, including HDAC9, HOMER1, Cwc27, Tulp4, and PTK2, have been implicated in driving the pathological changes associated with AD through diverse mechanisms. For instance, these circRNAs have been demonstrated to contribute to the accumulation of beta-amyloid, which is a hallmark characteristic of AD. Additionally, these circRNAs contribute to the excessive phosphorylation of tau protein, a phenomenon associated with neurofibrillary tangles, further exacerbating the disease. Moreover, they are involved in aggravating neuroinflammation, which is known to play a critical role in AD's pathogenesis. Lastly, these circRNAs can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupting cellular energy production and leading to cognitive impairment. As researchers delve deeper into the intricate workings of circRNAs, they hope to unlock its full potential as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for innovative treatments and better management of such devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Daws SE, Gillespie A. Circular RNA regulation and function in drug seeking phenotypes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103841. [PMID: 36935046 PMCID: PMC10247439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug overdoses have increased dramatically in the United States over the last decade where they are now the leading cause of accidental death. To develop efficient therapeutic options for decreasing drug consumption and overdose risk, it is critical to understand the neurobiological changes induced by drug exposure. Chronic systemic exposure to all drug classes, including opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol, induces profound molecular neuroadaptations within the central nervous system that may reveal crucial information about the lasting effects that these substances impart on brain cells. Transcriptome analyses of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have identified gene patterns in the brain that result from exposure to various classes of drugs. However, mRNAs represent only a small fraction of the RNA within the cell, and drug exposure also impacts other classes of RNA that are largely understudied, especially circular RNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a naturally occurring RNA species formed from back-splicing events during mRNA processing and are enriched in the nervous system. circRNAs are a pleiotropic class of RNAs and have a diverse impact on cellular function, with putative functions including regulation of mRNA transcription, protein translation, microRNA sponging, and sequestration of RNA-binding proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs can modulate cognition and are regulated in the brain in response to drug exposure, yet very few studies have explored the contribution of circRNAs to drug seeking phenotypes. In this review, we will provide an overview of the mechanisms of circRNA function in the cell to highlight how drug-induced circRNA dysregulation may impact the molecular substrates that mediate drug seeking behavior and the current studies that have reported drug-induced dysregulation of circRNAs in the brain. Furthermore, we will discuss how principles of circRNA biology can be adapted to study circRNAs in models of drug exposure and seek to provide further insight into the neurobiology of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cui SS, Jiang QW, Chen SD. Sex difference in biological change and mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease: from macro- to micro-landscape. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101918. [PMID: 36967089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and numerous studies reported a higher prevalence and incidence of AD among women. Although women have longer lifetime, longevity does not wholly explain the higher frequency and lifetime risk in women. It is important to understand sex differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could provide foundation for future clinical AD research. Here, we reviewed the most recent and relevant literature on sex differences in biological change of AD from macroscopical neuroimaging to microscopical pathologic change (neuronal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid-beta and tau accumulation). We also discussed sex differences in cellular mechanisms related to AD (neuroinflammation, mitochondria dysfunction, oxygen stress, apoptosis, autophagy, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, gut microbiome alteration, bulk and single cell/nucleus omics) and possible causes underlying these differences including sex-chromosome, sex hormone and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shuang Cui
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Li M, Li J, Ji M, An J, Zhao T, Yang Y, Cai C, Gao P, Cao G, Guo X, Li B. CircHOMER1 inhibits porcine adipogenesis via the miR-23b/SIRT1 axis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22828. [PMID: 36809667 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202048rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Fat deposition is critical to pork quality. However, the mechanism of fat deposition remains to be elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ideal biomarkers and are involved in adipogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of circHOMER1 on porcine adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, Oil red O staining, and HE staining were used to assess the function of circHOMER1 in adipogenesis. The results showed that circHOMER1 inhibited adipogenic differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and suppressed adipogenesis in mice. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and pull-down assays demonstrated that miR-23b directly bound to circHOMER1 and the 3'-UTR of SIRT1. Rescue experiments further illustrated the regulatory relationship among circHOMER1, miR-23b, and SIRT1. Conclusively, we demonstrate that circHOMER1 plays an inhibitory role in porcine adipogenesis through miR-23b and SIRT1. The present study revealed the mechanism of porcine adipogenesis, which may be helpful to improve pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Mengting Ji
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiaqi An
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Yu X, Liu H, Chang N, Fu W, Guo Z, Wang Y. Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1097878. [PMID: 36816112 PMCID: PMC9932922 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of covalently closed endogenous single-stranded RNA, have been regarded as the byproducts of the aberrant splicing of genes without any biological functions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, thousands of circRNAs and their differential biological functions have been identified. Except for the great advances in identifying circRNA roles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment, accumulated evidence shows that circRNAs are enriched in the brain, especially in the synapse, and dynamically change with the development or aging of organisms. Because of the specific roles of synapses in higher-order cognitive functions, circRNAs may not only participate in cognitive functions in normal physiological conditions but also lead to cognition-related diseases after abnormal regulation of their expression or location. Thus, in this review, we summarized the progress of studies looking at the role of circRNA in cognitive function, as well as their involvement in the occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment of cognitive-related diseases, including autism, depression, and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Fu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwen Guo
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yue Wang,
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Methamphetamine induced neurotoxic diseases, molecular mechanism, and current treatment strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113591. [PMID: 36007276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a extremely addictive psychostimulant drug with a significant abuse potential. Long-term MA exposure can induce neurotoxic effects through oxidative stress, mitochondrial functional impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells, axonal transport barriers, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying MA-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. MA abuse increases the chances of developing neurotoxic conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurotoxic diseases. MA increases the risk of PD by increasing the expression of alpha-synuclein (ASYN). Furthermore, MA abuse is linked to high chances of developing AD and subsequent neurodegeneration due to biological variations in the brain region or genetic and epigenetic variations. To date, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapy for MA-induced neurotoxicity, although many studies are being conducted to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Most current studies are now focused on developing therapies to diminish the neurotoxic effects of MA, based on the underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity. This review article highlights current research on several therapeutic techniques targeting multiple pathways to reduce the neurotoxic effects of MA in the brain, as well as the putative mechanism of MA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Shen X, He Y, Ge C. Role of circRNA in pathogenesis of Alzheimer 's disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:960-966. [PMID: 36039594 PMCID: PMC10930285 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed-loop non-coding RNA that exists widely in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells. It participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes by acting as a microRNA sponge, regulating the level of protein transcription, and interacting with RNA binding proteins. CircRNA is enriched in the cortex, hippocampus, brain white matter, and photoreceptor neurons of aging bodies, and they can be used as a biomarker for neural senescence. The expression levels of circRNA in peripheral blood and synapses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are increased, which are involved in the occurrence and prognosis of AD. Different circRNAs such as HDAC9, Homer1, Cwc27, Tulp4, and PTK2 can lead to AD pathological changes via increasing amyloid-β deposition, promoting tau protein hyperphosphorylation, aggravating neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which result in the cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yaling He
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chaoming Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F. The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104596. [PMID: 35248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different signal transduction pathways within PSD, involved in motor and cognitive functions, with putative implications in psychiatric disorders. Regulation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, modulation of calcium signaling, tuning of long-term potentiation, organization of dendritic spines' growth, as well as meta- and homeostatic plasticity control are only a few of the multiple endocellular and synaptic functions that have been linked to Homer1. Findings from preclinical studies, as well as genetic studies conducted in humans, suggest that both constitutive (Homer1b/c) and inducible (Homer1a) isoforms of Homer1 play a role in the neurobiology of several psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. On this background, Homer1 has been proposed as a putative novel target in psychopharmacological treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize and systematize the growing body of evidence on Homer proteins, highlighting the role of Homer1 in the pathophysiology and therapy of mental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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D’Anca M, Buccellato FR, Fenoglio C, Galimberti D. Circular RNAs: Emblematic Players of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084134. [PMID: 35456950 PMCID: PMC9032451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fascinating landscape of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) are peeping out as a new promising and appreciated class of molecules with great potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. They come from circularization of single-stranded RNA molecules covalently closed and generated through alternative mRNA splicing. Dismissed for many years, similar to aberrant splicing by-products, nowadays, their role has been regained. They are able to regulate the expression of linear mRNA transcripts at different levels acting as miRNA sponges, interacting with ribonucleoproteins or exerting a control on gene expression. On the other hand, being extremely conserved across phyla and stable, cell and tissue specific, mostly abundant than the linear RNAs, it is not surprising that they should have critical biological functions. Curiously, circRNAs are particularly expressed in brain and they build up during aging and age-related diseases. These extraordinary peculiarities make circRNAs potentially suitable as promising molecular biomarkers, especially of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to explore new evidence on circRNAs, emphasizing their role in aging and pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's diseases with a look toward their potential usefulness in biomarker searching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D’Anca
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca R. Buccellato
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.R.B.); or (C.F.); or (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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