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Jin Z, Wang X. Traditional Chinese medicine and plant-derived natural products in regulating triglyceride metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107387. [PMID: 39216839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic disease is increasing globally, with a trend toward younger age of onset. Among these, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the efficacy of traditional lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a significant residual risk of cardiovascular events remains, which is closely related to unmet triglyceride (TG) targets. The clinical application of current TG-lowering Western medicines has certain limitations, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant-derived natural products, known for their safety owing to their natural origins and diverse biological activities, offer promising avenues for TG regulation with potentially fewer side effects. This review systematically summarises the mechanisms of TG metabolism and subsequently reviews the regulatory effects of TCM and plant-derived natural products on TG metabolism, including the inhibition of TG synthesis (via endogenous and exogenous pathways), promotion of TG catabolism, regulation of fatty acid absorption and transport, enhancement of lipophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, and other mechanisms. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, this review consolidates the multifaceted regulatory roles of TCM and plant-derived natural products in TG metabolism and elucidates their potential as safer, multi-target therapeutic agents in managing hypertriglyceridemia and mitigating cardiovascular risk, thereby providing a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Han X, Ma D, Wang J, Pei L, Liu L, Shi W, Rong Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Sun H. Spatial Mapping of Bioactive Metabolites in the Roots of Three Bupleurum Species by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Molecules 2024; 29:3746. [PMID: 39202826 PMCID: PMC11356868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum is a kind of medicinal plant that has made a great contribution to human health because of the presence of bioactive metabolites: Bupleurum saikosaponins and flavonoids. Despite their importance, it has been a challenge to visually characterize the spatial distribution of these metabolites in situ within the plant tissue, which is essential for assessing the quality of Bupleurum. The development of a new technology to identify and evaluate the quality of medicinal plants is therefore necessary. Here, the spatial distribution and quality characteristics of metabolites of three Bupleurum species: Bupleurum smithii (BS), Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (BM), and Bupleurum chinense (BC) were characterized by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Twenty-nine metabolites, including saikosaponins, non-saikosaponins, and compounds from the saikosaponin synthesis pathway, were characterized. Some of these were successfully localized and visualized in the transverse section of roots. In these Bupleurum species, twelve saikosaponins, five non-saikosaponins, and five saikosaponin synthesis pathway compounds were detected. Twenty-two major influencing components, which exhibit higher ion intensities in higher quality samples, were identified as potential quality markers of Bupleurum. The final outcome indicates that BC has superior quality compared to BS and BM. MALDI-MSI has effectively distinguished the quality of these Bupleurum species, providing an intuitive and effective marker for the quality control of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Han
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Donglai Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiemin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Lin Pei
- Hebei Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050031, China;
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;
| | - Weihong Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhengpu Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
| | - Huigai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (X.H.); (D.M.); (J.W.); (W.S.); (Z.R.); (X.W.)
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Zhang D, Ma X, Li H, Li X, Wang J, Zan L. SERPINE1AS2 regulates intramuscular adipogenesis by inhibiting PAI1 protein expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133592. [PMID: 38960265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) played a crucial role in the precise regulation of essential biological processes and were abundantly present in animals. Many of these antisense lncRNAs have been identified as key roles in adipose tissue accumulation in livestock, underscoring their vital role in the regulation of animal physiology. Nonetheless, the functional roles of these antisense lncRNAs in regulating adipogenesis and the specific molecular mechanisms these processes were still unclear, which was a significant gap in current scientific research. In this study, we identified and characterized SERPINE1AS2, a novel natural antisense lncRNA, was highly expressed in the fat tissues of adult cattle and calves. Its expression gradually increased during the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. Through functional studies, we observed that knockdown of SERPINE1AS2 inhibited the proliferation and adipogenesis of intramuscular adipocytes, while overexpression of SERPINE1AS2 produced the opposite effect. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following SERPINE1AS2 knockdown revealed that differential expression genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in key signaling pathways, notably the MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, SERPINE1AS2 interacted with Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI1), forming RNA dimers through complementary base pairing and consequently influencing PAI1 expression. Interestingly, studies on PAI1 suggested that reduced expression facilitated adipogenesis and the downregulation of PAI1 alleviated the inhibitory effect of reduced SERPINE1AS2 on adipogenesis. In summary, this study suggested that SERPINE1AS2 played a crucial role in the adipogenesis of bovine intramuscular adipocytes by modulating the expression of PAI1. SERPINE1AS2 also regulated adipogenesis by engaging in the MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. Our results suggested that SERPINE1AS2 had a complex regulatory mechanism on adipogenesis in intramuscular adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xinhao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Huaxuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Juze Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Wang X, Li X, Wang Y, Ren Z, Du X, Gao J, Ji G, Liu Z. Nkx1.2 deletion decreases fat production in zebrafish. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1315-1328. [PMID: 38798028 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of Nkx1-2, a transcription factor with the NK homeobox domain, in the regulation of fat production. METHODS Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or transcriptome sequencing. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to generate nkx1.2 knockout zebrafish and nkx1.2-deleted 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid droplet production in zebrafish larvae was visually quantified using Nile red staining, whereas lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells were stained with Oil red O. The binding of Nkx1-2 to the promoter was verified through an electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment. RESULTS Nkx1-2 plays crucial roles in the regulation of fat production in zebrafish. Knockout of nkx1.2 in zebrafish leads to weight loss, accompanied by significantly reduced lipid droplet production and decreased visceral and liver fat content. Furthermore, genes related to lipid biosynthesis are significantly downregulated. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Nkx1-2 induces differentiation into mature adipocytes by binding to the cebpa promoter, thereby activating its transcription. Additionally, the expression of nkx1.2 is regulated by the p38 MAPK, JNK, or Smad2/3 signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Nkx1-2 functions as a positive regulator of fat production, playing a critical role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongmei Ren
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqing Du
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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Jin Z, Gao H, Fu Y, Ren R, Deng X, Chen Y, Hou X, Wang Q, Song G, Fan N, Ma H, Yin Y, Xu K. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Sheds Light on the Biological Contexts of Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Ningxiang Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:642. [PMID: 38790271 PMCID: PMC11121357 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of pork is significantly impacted by intramuscular fat (IMF). However, the regulatory mechanism of IMF depositions remains unclear. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the longissimus dorsi muscle (IMF) from the high (5.1 ± 0.08) and low (2.9 ± 0.51) IMF groups (%) to elucidate potential mechanisms. In summary, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs), 83 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), and 79 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. DEGs were widely associated with IMF deposition and liposome differentiation. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed through co-differential expression analyses, which included circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 47 DECs) and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 36 DELs) regulatory networks. The circRNAs sus-TRPM7_0005, sus-MTUS1_0004, the lncRNAs SMSTRG.4269.1, and MSTRG.7983.2 regulate the expression of six lipid metabolism-related target genes, including PLCB1, BAD, and GADD45G, through the binding sites of 2-4068, miR-7134-3p, and miR-190a. For instance, MSTRG.4269.1 regulates its targets PLCB1 and BAD via miRNA 2_4068. Meanwhile, sus-TRPM7_0005 controls its target LRP5 through ssc-miR-7134-3P. These findings indicate molecular regulatory networks that could potentially be applied for the marker-assisted selection of IMF to enhance pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yawei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruimin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Gang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Ningyu Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.J.); (H.G.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.S.); (N.F.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (R.R.); (X.D.); (Y.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Luo M, Jiang Q, Liu S, Jia Q, Bai Z, Wu F, Xie J. Advancements and challenges in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research on the traditional Chinese medicine saponins: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393409. [PMID: 38774213 PMCID: PMC11106373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) saponin pharmacokinetics has revealed transformative breakthroughs and challenges. The multicomponent nature of TCM makes it difficult to select representative indicators for pharmacokinetic studies. The clinical application of saponins is limited by their low bioavailability and short half-life, resulting in fluctuating plasma concentrations. Future directions should focus on novel saponin compounds utilizing colon-specific delivery and osmotic pump systems to enhance oral bioavailability. Optimizing drug combinations, such as ginsenosides with aspirin, shows therapeutic potential. Rigorous clinical validation is essential for practical applications. This review emphasizes a transformative era in saponin research, highlighting the need for clinical validation. TCM saponin pharmacokinetics, guided by traditional principles, are in development, utilizing multidisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive understanding. This research provides a theoretical basis for new clinical drugs and supports rational clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yongxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingxia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhixun Bai
- Organ Transplant Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Faming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Yuan L, Zhang W, Fang W, Zhuang X, Gong W, Xu X, Li Y, Wang X. Sea Buckthorn Polyphenols Alleviate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Reprograming Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis Owing to Directly Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8632-8649. [PMID: 38577880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies found that Sea Buckthorn polyphenols (SBP) extract inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS) in vitro. Thus, we continued to explore possible effects and underlying mechanisms of SBP on complicated metabolic disorders in long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. To reveal that, an integrated approach was developed in this study. Targeted quantitative lipidomics with a total of 904 unique lipids mapping contributes to profiling the comprehensive features of disarranged hepatic lipid homeostasis and discovering a set of newfound lipid-based biomarkers to predict the occurrence and indicate the progression of metabolic disorders beyond current indicators. On the other hand, technologies of intermolecular interactions characterization, especially surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, contribute to recognizing targeted bioactive constituents present in SBP. Our findings highlight hepatic lipid homeostasis maintenance and constituent-FAS enzyme interactions, to provide new insights that SBP as a functional food alleviates HFD-induced metabolic disorders in mice via reprograming hepatic lipid homeostasis caused by targeting FAS, owing to four polyphenols directly interacting with FAS and cinaroside binding to FAS with good affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Wenxiu Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Xinying Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Wan Gong
- Fuyang Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yingting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
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8
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Han B, Luo J, Xu B. Revealing Molecular Mechanisms of the Bioactive Saponins from Edible Root of Platycodon grandiflorum in Combating Obesity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1123. [PMID: 38674532 PMCID: PMC11053671 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a significant health concern, as it is a disease linked to metabolic disorders in the body and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids. As a plant-derived food, Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) was reported by many studies, indicating that the saponins from PG can improve obesity effectively. However, the anti-obesity saponins from PG and its anti-obesity mechanisms have not been fully identified. This study identified the active saponins and their molecular targets for treating obesity. The TCMSP database was used to obtain information on 18 saponins in PG. The anti-obesity target of the PG saponins was 115 targets and 44 core targets. GO and KEGG analyses using 44 core anti-obesity genes and targets of PG-active saponins screened from GeneCards, OMIM, Drugbank, and DisGeNet showed that the PI3K-Akt pathway, the JAK-STAT pathway, and the MAPK pathway were the major pathways involved in the anti-obesity effects of PG saponins. BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer and AutoDock Vina were used to perform molecular docking and process the molecular docking results. The molecular docking results showed that the active saponins of PG could bind to the major therapeutic obesity targets to play an obesity-inhibitory role. The results of this study laid the foundation for further research on the anti-obesity saponins in PG and their anti-obesity mechanism and provided a new direction for the development of functional plant-derived food. This research studied the molecular mechanism of PG saponins combating obesity through various signaling pathways, and prosapogenin D can be used to develop as a new potential anti-obesity drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China; (B.H.); (J.L.)
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熊 一, 梁 小, 梁 晓, 李 伟, 钱 益, 谢 炜. [Saikosaponin a alleviates pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:515-522. [PMID: 38597443 PMCID: PMC11006703 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibitory effect of saikosonin a (SSa) on pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epilepsy seizures in a mouse model of depression and explore the mechanism mediating this effect. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mouse models of depression was established by oral administration of corticosterone via drinking water for 3 weeks, and acute epileptic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of pentylenetetrazole. The effect of intraperitoneal injection of SSa prior to the treatment on depressive symptoms and epileptic seizures were assessed using behavioral tests, epileptic seizure grading and hippocampal morphology observation. ELISA was used to detect blood corticosterone levels of the mice, and RTqPCR was performed to detect the pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Microglia activation in the mice was observed using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression showed body weight loss and obvious depressive behaviors with significantly increased serum corticosterone level (all P < 0.05). Compared with those with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy alone, the epileptic mice with comorbid depression showed significantly shorter latency of epileptic seizures, increased number, grade and duration of of seizures, reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons, increased number of Iba1-positive cells, and significantly enhanced hippocampal expressions of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Pretreatment of the epileptic mice with SSa significantly prolonged the latency of epileptic seizures, reduced the number, duration, and severity of seizures, increased the number of Nissl bodies, decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells, and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the hippocampus (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Depressive state aggravates epileptic seizures, increases microglia activation, and elevates inflammation levels. SSA treatment can alleviate acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression possibly by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 一凡 熊
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 小珊 梁
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学南方医院中医科,广东 广州 510515Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓涛 梁
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 伟鹏 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 益啸 钱
- 广州市荔湾固生堂中医门诊部,广东 广州 510250Guangzhou Liwan Gushengtang Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic, Guangzhou 510250, China
| | - 炜 谢
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 南方医科大学南方医院中医科,广东 广州 510515Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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10
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Park JH, Jee W, Park SM, Park YR, Kim SW, Bae H, Chung WS, Cho JH, Kim H, Song MY, Jang HJ. Timosaponin A3 Induces Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2914. [PMID: 38474161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious global health challenge, closely associated with numerous chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (AA) known as Jimo has been used to address conditions associated with pathogenic heat such as wasting-thirst in Korean Medicine. Timosaponin A3 (TA3), a natural compound extracted from AA, has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects in various disease models. However, its effects on diabetes and obesity remain largely unexplored. We investigated the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties of TA3 using in vitro and in vivo models. TA3 treatment in NCI-H716 cells stimulated the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) through the activation of phosphorylation of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc) and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, TA3 effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice model, TA3 administration significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake. Furthermore, TA3 improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and mitigated hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. Histological analysis revealed that TA3 reduced the size of white adipocytes and inhibited adipose tissue generation. Notably, TA3 downregulated the expression of lipogenic factor, including fatty-acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), emphasizing its potential as an anti-obesity agent. These findings revealed that TA3 may be efficiently used as a natural compound for tackling obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders, providing a novel approach for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyuk Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wona Jee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Woo Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbit Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Cho
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Song
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chen S, Wang K, Wang H, Gao Y, Nie K, Jiang X, Su H, Tang Y, Lu F, Dong H, Wang Z. The therapeutic effects of saikosaponins on depression through the modulation of neuroplasticity: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107090. [PMID: 38309381 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a major global health issue that urgently requires innovative and precise treatment options. In this context, saikosaponin has emerged as a promising candidate, offering a variety of therapeutic benefits that may be effective in combating depression. This review delves into the multifaceted potential of saikosaponins in alleviating depressive symptoms. We summarized the effects of saikosaponins on structural and functional neuroplasticity, elaborated the regulatory mechanism of saikosaponins in modulating key factors that affect neuroplasticity, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, and the brain-gut axis. Moreover, this paper highlights existing gaps in current researches and outlines directions for future studies. A detailed plan is provided for the future clinical application of saikosaponins, advocating for more targeted researches to speed up its transition from preclinical trials to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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12
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Gao SY, Zhao JC, Xia Q, Sun C, Aili M, Talifu A, Huo SX, Zhang Y, Li ZJ. Evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of Psoralea corylifolia L. based on a zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308655. [PMID: 38449808 PMCID: PMC10914953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Psoralea corylifolia L. (FP) has received increasing attention due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Methods: In this study, zebrafish were treated with different concentrations of an aqueous extract of FP (AEFP; 40, 50, or 60 μg/mL), and the hepatotoxic effects of tonicity were determined by the mortality rate, liver morphology, fluorescence area and intensity of the liver, biochemical indices, and pathological tissue staining. The mRNA expression of target genes in the bile acid metabolic signaling pathway and lipid metabolic pathway was detected by qPCR, and the mechanism of toxicity was initially investigated. AEFP (50 μg/mL) was administered in combination with FXR or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist/inhibitor to further define the target of toxicity. Results: Experiments on toxic effects showed that, compared with no treatment, AEFP administration resulted in liver atrophy, a smaller fluorescence area in the liver, and a lower fluorescence intensity (p < 0.05); alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and γ-GT levels were significantly elevated in zebrafish (p < 0.01), and TBA, TBIL, total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were elevated to different degrees (p < 0.05); and increased lipid droplets in the liver appeared as fatty deposits. Molecular biological validation revealed that AEFP inhibited the expression of the FXR gene, causing an increase in the expression of the downstream genes SHP, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, BSEP, MRP2, NTCP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ME-1, SCD-1, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CPT-1, and CPT-2 and a decrease in the expression of PPARα (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that tonic acid extracts are hepatotoxic to zebrafish through the inhibition of FXR and PPARα expression, thereby causing bile acid and lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Gao
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Maimaiti Aili
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ainiwaer Talifu
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shi-Xia Huo
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Li
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
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13
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Lee HS, Choi SM, Lim SH, Choi CI. Betanin from Beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Promotes Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1727. [PMID: 38139853 PMCID: PMC10748323 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat browning, which converts white adipose tissue to brown, has attracted attention as a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity. Betanin (BT) has been reported to have potential anti-obesity activity. 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated for 7 days during BT treatment. The BT concentration range for the study was determined using an MTT assay, and lipid accumulation was evaluated by Oil-Red-O staining. The expression of protein level was analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence images were performed with confocal microscopy to visually show the amount and location of thermogenesis factor uncoupling protein1 (UCP1) and mitochondria. qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate mRNA expression. BT inhibited lipid accumulation and increased the expression of UCP1, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). In addition, the increases in beige adipocyte-specific markers were observed, supporting BT-mediated browning of the fat tissue. The UCP1 was localized in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, and its expression was associated with mitochondrial activation. Consistent with this, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers increased in 3T3-L1 cells after BT treatment. Immunofluorescence staining also indicated an increased number of mitochondria and UCP1, respectively. Moreover, BT inhibited lipogenesis and enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. This mechanism has been suggested to be mediated by an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. BT induces fat browning and regulates lipid metabolism via the AMPK-mediated pathway in 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that BT can be a promising candidate for controlling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chang-Ik Choi
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.M.C.); (S.H.L.)
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Feng J, Ma H, Yue Y, Wang L, Hao K, Zhang Y, Li J, Xiang Y, Min Y. Saikosaponin a ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver via regulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid profile in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103155. [PMID: 37871490 PMCID: PMC10598744 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome is a widespread metabolic disease in laying hens that decreases egg production and even causes death in severe cases. Many traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, such as saikosaponin a (SSa), have been shown to alleviate fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the alleviation of dietary SSa on excessive hepatic lipid deposition and the interactions between intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) in laying hens. Fifty-four 35-wk-old laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates (3 birds per replicate) and fed with a basal diet (CON), high-energy and low-protein diet (HELP), and HELP diet with 30 mg/kg SSa (HELP + SSa). SSa reversed diet-induced egg production rate decrease (P < 0.05). SSa could potently ameliorate HELP-induced accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and liver injury via the increase (P < 0.05) of mRNA expression of BA synthesis gene, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1. SSa treatment alleviated gut dysbiosis, especially reducing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Turicibacter. Ileal BA metabolomic analysis revealed that SSa increased (P < 0.05) the content of tauro-conjugated BAs, mainly taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauro-α-muricholic acid. The mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 19 were decreased (P < 0.05) in intestine, which was associated with increased gene expression of enzymes in the BA synthesis that reduced the levels of cholesterol. Moreover, SSa treatment inhibited intestinal BA reabsorption via decreasing (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Our findings indicated that SSa reduced liver cholesterol accumulation and alleviated fatty liver in laying hens through microbiota-BA-intestinal FXR crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrui Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Li
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujun Xiang
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Deng X, Liu Z, Han S. Cimifugin inhibits adipogenesis and TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230855. [PMID: 38045856 PMCID: PMC10693008 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of cimifugin on adipogenesis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin or cimifugin and then Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride content detection were performed to assess adipogenesis. Subsequently, after cimifugin treatment, TNF-α was used to induce IR and inflammation. The results showed that cimifugin reduced intracellular lipids accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cimifugin improved IR of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced by TNF-α, as reflected in decreased adiponectin, GLUT-4, and IRS-1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, cimifugin reduced TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory factors production and phospho-P65 expression, and MAPK pathway activation in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings suggested that cimifugin might be useful for the prevention and therapy of obesity-related IR and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, No. 33, Mashi Street, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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16
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Zhao L, Jin L, Yang B. Saikosaponin A alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis via SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3443-3450. [PMID: 37644785 PMCID: PMC10660613 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common and serious bacterial infection of the mammary gland. Saikosaponin A (SSA) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bupleurum falcatum that has the ability to treat various diseases. However, little is known about the role of SSA in achieving mastitis remission. Here, we found that SSA alleviated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced mastitis by attenuating inflammation and maintaining blood-milk barrier integrity. Furthermore, S. aureus activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by upregulated p-p65 and p-IκB. S. aureus also induced ferroptosis in mammary gland in mice, mainly characterized by excessive iron accumulation, mitochondrial morphological changes and impaired antioxidant production. However, S. aureus-induced NF-κB activation and ferroptosis were prevented by SSA. Moreover, SAA could upregulate the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4. And the inhibitory effects of SAA on inflammation and ferroptosis were reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. In conclusion, SAA protected S. aureus-induced mastitis through suppressing inflammation and ferroptosis by activating SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Department of Breast SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of AnesthesiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Breast SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Yang L, Li L, Lu Q, Li L, Xie C, Jiang F, Li H, Zhao A, Wang Q, Xiong W. Alisol B blocks the development of HFD-induced obesity by triggering the LKB1-AMPK signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175942. [PMID: 37536624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
As a global epidemic disease, obesity causes dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism leading to persistently high morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty to achieve and maintain weight loss through controlling diet and physical exercise, pharmacotherapy is considered an effective treatment for obesity. This investigation revealed that alisol B, a triterpene monomer isolated from the classical Chinese medicine Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep, functioned in suppressing adipogenesis and reducing the mass of subcutaneous adipose tissue, resulting in the reduction of weight gain, and improvements of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. In consistent to the results, alisol B also significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and maturation in vitro. Furthermore, our data revealed that the effects of alisol B on adipogenesis were mediated by LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway. In total, alisol B could be a potential lead compound which contributes to the improvement of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Linzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Fakun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Herb Biotechnology (Yunnan) Co. LTD, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Sanqi Medical College, Wenshan University, Wenshan 663099, PR China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Wenyong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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18
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Xie JR, Chen XJ, Zhou G. Nuciferine Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Partially through Suppressing the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14532. [PMID: 37833979 PMCID: PMC10572883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a significant obstacle to the worldwide healthcare system. Discovering efficient and non-toxic medications is crucial for managing OSCC. Nuciferine, an alkaloid with an aromatic ring, is present in the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera. It has been proven to play a role in multiple biological processes, including the inhibition of inflammation, regulation of the immune system, formation of osteoclasts, and suppression of tumors. Despite the demonstrated inhibitory effects of nuciferine on different types of cancer, there is still a need for further investigation into the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of nuciferine in OSCC. Through a series of in vitro experiments, it was confirmed that nuciferine hindered the growth, movement, and infiltration, while enhancing the programmed cell death of OSCC cells. Furthermore, the administration of nuciferine significantly suppressed the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in comparison to other signaling pathways. Moreover, the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway by colivelin resulted in the reversal of nuciferine-suppressed OSCC behaviors. In vivo, we also showed the anti-OSCC impact of nuciferine using the cell-based xenograft (CDX) model in nude mice. Nonetheless, colivelin diminished the tumor-inhibiting impact of nuciferine, suggesting that nuciferine might partially impede the advancement of OSCC by suppressing the STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, this research could offer a fresh alternative for the pharmaceutical management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.-R.X.); (X.-J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.-R.X.); (X.-J.C.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (J.-R.X.); (X.-J.C.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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19
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Liang X, Ding Y, Hu J, Deng N, Zhao Y, Huang P, Xie W. In Vivo Evaluation of Self-assembled nano-Saikosaponin-a for Epilepsy Treatment. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00851-7. [PMID: 37608078 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponin-a (SSa) exhibits antiepileptic effects. However, its poor water solubility and inability to pass through the blood-brain barrier greatly limit its clinical development and application. In this study, SSa-loaded Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MePEG-SSa-PCL) NPs were successfully prepared and characterized. Our objective was to further investigate the effect of this composite on acute seizure in mice. First, we confirmed the particle size and surface potential of the composite (51.00 ± 0.25 nm and - 33.77 ± 2.04 mV, respectively). Further, we compared the effects of various MePEG-SSa-PCL doses (low, medium, and high) with those of free SSa, valproic acid (VPA - positive control), and saline only (model group) on acute seizure using three different acute epilepsy mouse models. We observed that compared with the model group, the three MePEG-SSa-PCL treatments showed significantly lowered seizure frequency in mice belonging to the maximum electroconvulsive model group. In the pentylenetetrazol and kainic acid (KA) acute epilepsy models, MePEG-SSa-PCL increased both clonic and convulsion latency periods and shortened convulsion duration more effectively than equivalent SSa-only doses. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining revealed considerably less neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3 area of KA mice in the SSa, VPA, and three MePEG-SSa-PCL groups relative to mice in the model group. Hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels in KA mice were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the three MePEG-SSa-PCL treatment groups than in the model group. Thus, MePEG-SSa-PCL exhibited a more potent antiepileptic effect than SSa in acute mouse epilepsy models and could alleviate neuronal damage in the hippocampus following epileptic seizures, possibly via GABA-A receptor expression upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Afflliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510130, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ning Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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20
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He H, Guo J, Hu Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang J, Jin S. Saikosaponin D reverses epinephrine- and norepinephrine-induced gemcitabine resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by downregulating ADRB2/glycolysis signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1404-1414. [PMID: 37489008 PMCID: PMC10520481 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly fatal malignancy with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Currently, gemcitabine-based systemic chemotherapy is the main clinical therapeutic regimen; however, its efficacy is poor, and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we use a Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyser to measure glycolysis capacity (extracellular acidification rate, ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The glucose uptake or lactic acid content is detected, and the effects of saikosaponin D, an active compound derived from Bupleuri Radix (a traditional Chinese medicine for soothing the liver and relieving depression), on gemcitabine cytotoxicity in norepinephrine-stimulated iCCA cells are analysed. We find that adrenergic signaling plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced therapeutic resistance in iCCA. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) enhance the proliferation of iCCA cells and interfere with the response to gemcitabine through activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Furthermore, we find that NE upregulates the expressions of several drug efflux-related genes (such as ABCG2 and MDR1) and promotes glycolysis in iCCA cells. In addition, saikosaponin D reverses the poor response of iCCA cells to gemcitabine by downregulating ADRB2 level. Furthermore, saikosaponin D inhibits drug efflux and glycolysis in iCCA cells by regulating the expressions of MDR1, ABCG2, HK2, and GLUT1. Collectively, saikosaponin D enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine by controlling glucose metabolism and drug efflux by inhibiting the ADRB2 signaling. Therefore, the combination of saikosaponin D and gemcitabine may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yunxiang Hu
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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21
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Wu W, Liu K, You Z, Zhang J. MiR-196b-3p and miR-450b-3p are key regulators of adipogenesis in porcine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:360. [PMID: 37369998 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As components of white adipose tissue, porcine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocytes undergo similar differentiation and adipogenesis processes. However, the adipogenic capacity of IM adipocytes is weaker than that of SC adipocytes. Identifying key regulators underlying this difference between IM and SC adipocytes will benefit pig breeding. RESULTS In this study, we used BGISEQ-500 sequencing technology to analyze the expression of small RNAs in primary cultured IM and SC adipocytes on day 8 after adipogenic induction, and found 32-fold higher miR-196b-3p expression, as well as 8-fold lower miR-450b-3p expression in IM adipocytes than in SC adipocytes. Functional studies revealed that miR-196b-3p inhibits adipogenesis by targeting CD47 via the AMPK signaling pathway, and its effect was attenuated by the specific p-AMPKα activator AICAR. We also found that miR-450b-3p promotes adipogenesis by targeting SIRT1 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and its effect was weakened by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator LiCl. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-196b-3p and miR-450b-3p are novel key regulatory factors that play opposite roles in porcine adipogenesis, helping us decipher the regulatory differences between porcine IM and SC fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Keke Liu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, 314000, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qin Huangdao Hebei, 066000, China
| | - Zhongyu You
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Zhejiang, 314000, China.
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22
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Teng L, Guo X, Ma Y, Xu L, Wei J, Xiao P. A comprehensive review on traditional and modern research of the genus Bupleurum (Bupleurum L., Apiaceae) in recent 10 years. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116129. [PMID: 36638855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Bupleurum (family Apiaceae), comprising approximately 248 accepted species, is widely distributed and used in China, Japan, India, Central Asia, North Africa and some European countries as traditional herbal medicines. Certain species have been reported to have significant therapeutic effects in fever, inflammatory disorders, cancer, gastric ulcer, virus infection and other diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW we performed a comprehensive review of the ten-year research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, along with bibliometrics research of the genus Bupleurum, aiming to identify knowledge gaps for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literatures are retrieved from library and electronic sources including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, CNKI and Baidu Scholar. These papers cover studies of the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Bupleurum. RESULTS There is a long history of using the genus Bupleurum in traditional herbal medicine that dated back to over 2000 years ago. Twenty-five species and 8 varieties with 3 variants within this genus have been reported to be effective to treat fever, pain, liver disease, inflammation, thoracolumbar pain, irregular menstruation and rectal prolapse. The main phytochemicals found in these plants are triterpene saponins, volatile oil, flavonoid, lignans, and polysaccharides. Many of these compounds have also been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, immunoregulation, neuroregulation, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Meanwhile, improper usage of Bupleurum may induce cytotoxic effects, and polyacetylenes may be the main poisonous compounds. CONCLUSIONS This article summarized recent findings about Bupleurum research from many different aspects. While a small number of Bupleurum species have been investigated through modern pharmacology methods, there are still major knowledge gaps due to inadequate studies and ambiguous findings. Future research could focus on more specific phytochemistry studies combined with mechanistic analysis to provide better guidance to utilize Bupleurum as medicinal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Teng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuzhi Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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23
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Chen K, Tang L, Nong X. Artesunate targets cellular metabolism to regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1037-1050. [PMID: 37024544 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important mechanisms of cell differentiation, and different cells have different preferences for energy sources. During the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into Th17 and Treg cells, these cells show specific energy metabolism characteristics. Th17 cells depend on enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. In contrast, Treg cells are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid depletion. As a potent antimalarial drug, artesunate has been shown to modulate the Th17/Treg imbalance and regulate cell metabolism. METHODOLOGY Relevant literatures on ART, cellular metabolism, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, CD4 + T cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells published from January 1, 2010 to now were searched in PubMed database. CONCLUSION In this review, we will highlight recent advances in which artesunate can restore the Th17/Treg imbalance in disease states by altering T-cell metabolism to influence differentiation and lineage selection. Data from the current study show that few studies have focused on the effect of ART on cellular metabolism. ART can affect the metabolic characteristics of T cells (glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and interfere with their differentiation lineage, thereby regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and alleviating the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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24
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Chen LL, Xia LY, Zhang JP, Wang Y, Chen JY, Guo C, Xu WH. Saikosaponin D alleviates cancer cachexia by directly inhibiting STAT3. Phytother Res 2023; 37:809-819. [PMID: 36447385 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that is characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, and effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Saikosaponin D (SSD), a major bioactive component of Radix Bupleuri, exhibits antiinflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we demonstrated that SSD is a promising agent for the treatment of cancer cachexia. SSD could alleviate TCM-induced myotube atrophy and inhibit the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle RING-finger containing protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy Fbox protein (Atrogin-1/MAFbx) in vitro. Moreover, SSD suppressed the progression of cancer cachexia, with significant improvements in the loss of body weight, gastrocnemius muscle, and tibialis anterior muscle mass in vivo. Mechanism investigations demonstrated that SSD could directly bind to STAT3 and specifically inhibit its phosphorylation as well as its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of STAT3 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of SSD on myotube atrophy, indicating that the therapeutic effect of SSD was attributed to STAT3 inhibition. These findings provide novel strategies for treatment of cancer cachexia by targeting STAT3, and SSD may be a promising drug candidate for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Micro-Current Stimulation Can Modulate the Adipogenesis Process by Regulating the Insulin Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Cells and ob/ ob Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020404. [PMID: 36836760 PMCID: PMC9958996 DOI: 10.3390/life13020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease in which fat is abnormally or excessively accumulated in the body, and many studies have been conducted to overcome it with various techniques. In this study, we evaluated whether micro-current stimulation (MCS) can be applied to prevent obesity by regulating the adipogenesis through 3T3-L1 cells and ob/ob mice. To specify the intensity of MCS, Oil Red O staining was conducted with various intensities of MCS. Based on these, subsequent experiments used 200 and 400 μA for the intensity of MCS. The expressions of insulin signaling pathway-related proteins, including phosphorylation of IGF-1 and IR, were decreased in all MCS groups, and in turn, downstream signals such as Akt and ERK were decreased. In addition, MCS reduced the nucleus translocation of PPAR-γ and decreased the protein expression of C/EBP-α. In the ob/ob mouse model, MCS reduced body weight gain and abdominal adipose tissue volume. In particular, the concentration of triglycerides in serum was also decreased. Taken together, our findings showed that MCS inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating insulin signaling in 3T3-L1, and it was effective at reducing body weight and adipose tissue volume in ob/ob mice. These suggest that MCS may be a useful treatment approach for obesity.
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Karadeniz F, Oh JH, Jang MS, Seo Y, Kong CS. Libanoridin Isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010254. [PMID: 36613696 PMCID: PMC9820566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adiposity is a complication in osteoporotic patients. It is a result of the imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow cells. Phytochemicals can alleviate osteoporotic complications by hindering bone loss and decreasing bone marrow adiposity. Corydalis heterocarpa is a biennial halophyte with reported bioactivities, and it is a source of different coumarin derivatives. Libanoridin is a coumarin isolated from C. heterocarpa, and the effect of libanoridin on adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) was evaluated in the present study. Cells were induced to undergo adipogenesis, and their intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers were observed under libanoridin treatment. Results showed that 10 μM libanoridin-treated adipocytes accumulated 44.94% less lipid compared to untreated adipocytes. In addition, mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c were dose-dependently suppressed with libanoridin treatment, whereas only protein levels of PPARγ were decreased in the presence of libanoridin. Fluorescence staining of adipocytes also revealed that cells treated with 10 μM libanoridin expressed less PPARγ compared to untreated adipocytes. Protein levels of perilipin and leptin, markers of mature adipocytes, were also suppressed in adipocytes treated with 10 μM libanoridin. Analysis of MAPK phosphorylation levels showed that treatment with libanoridin inhibited the activation of p38 and JNK MAPKs observed by decreased levels of phosphorylated p38 and JNK protein. It was suggested that libanoridin inhibited adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs via suppressing MAPK-mediated PPARγ signaling. Future studies revealing the anti-adipogenic effects of libanoridin in vivo and elucidating its action mechanism will pave the way for libanoridin to be utilized as a nutraceutical with anti-osteoporotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Soon Jang
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Convergence on Marine Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-999-5429
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A Thai Traditional Triple-Fruit Formulation "Phikud Tri-Phon" May Provide Fat Loss and Nutritional Benefits. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193067. [PMID: 36230143 PMCID: PMC9563312 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight have serious health outcomes. “Phikud Tri-Phon” (PTP) is a traditional Thai medicine comprising three dried fruits from Aegle marmelos L., Morinda citrifolia L., and Coriandrum sativum L. Whether this medicine impacts on metabolic disease is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic and flavonoid contents of PTP and each of its herbal components, and further assess their antioxidant and anti-adipogenetic activities. Oil-red O staining was measured for lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The chemical profiles of PTP and each herbal extract were determined by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Our results show that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of PTP water extract were 22.35–108.42 mg of gallic acid equivalents and PTP ethanolic extract was 1.19–0.93 mg of quercetin equivalents and the DPPH scavenging capacity assay of PTP ethanolic extract (1 mg/mL) was 92.45 ± 6.58 (Trolox equivalent)/g. The PTP extracts and individual herbs had inhibitory adipogenesis activity, which reduced lipid accumulation by approximately 31% in PTP water extract and 22% in PTP ethanolic extract compared with control cells. These results provided insights into the traditional preparation method of using boiling water as a vehicle for PTP. In conclusion, PTP has antioxidant and anti-adipogenesis potential, indicating it is a promising ingredient in functional food and herbal health products.
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28
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Young Park S, Kim B, Jin Kim Y, Kim HH, Oh JW, Park G. Suppression of adipogenesis by Au nanostructures-conjugated Sargassum seaweed extracts in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Warinhomhoun S, Khine HEE, Sritularak B, Likhitwitayawuid K, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Punsawad C, Punpreuk Y, Sungthong R, Chaotham C. Secondary Metabolites in the Dendrobium heterocarpum Methanolic Extract and Their Impacts on Viability and Lipid Storage of 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142886. [PMID: 35889842 PMCID: PMC9317628 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many natural products have proven their potential to regulate obesity through the modulation of adipocyte biology, none of them has yet been approved for clinical use in obesity therapy. This work aims to isolate valuable secondary metabolites from an orchid species (Dendrobium heterocarpum) and evaluate their possible roles in the growth and differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Six compounds were isolated from the orchid’s methanolic extracts and identified as amoenylin (1), methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (2), 3,4-dihydroxy-5,4’-dimethoxybibenzyl (3), dendrocandin B (4), dendrofalconerol A (5), and syringaresinol (6). Among these phytochemicals, compounds 2, 3, and 6 exhibited lower effects on the viability of 3T3-L1 cells, offering non-cytotoxic concentrations of ≲ 10 µM. Compared to others tested, compound 3 was responsible for the maximum reduction of lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.10 µM). A set of protein expression studies unveiled that compound 3 at non-cytotoxic doses could suppress the expression of some key transcription factors in adipocyte differentiation (i.e., PPARγ and C/EBPα). Furthermore, this compound could deactivate some proteins involved in the MAPK pathways (i.e., JNK, ERK, and p38). Our findings prove that D. heterocarpum is a promising source to explore bioactive molecules capable of modulating adipocytic growth and development, which can potentially be assessed and innovated further as pharmaceutical products to defeat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakan Warinhomhoun
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.W.); (C.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Marijuana, Hemp, and Kratom, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Hnin Ei Ei Khine
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (H.E.E.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (K.L.)
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.M.); (C.T.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.W.); (C.P.)
| | - Yanyong Punpreuk
- Department of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Rungroch Sungthong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (H.E.E.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (H.E.E.K.); (R.S.)
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Characterization of Plocamium telfairiae Extract-Functionalized Au Nanostructures and Their Anti-Adipogenic Activity through PLD1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070421. [PMID: 35877714 PMCID: PMC9320883 DOI: 10.3390/md20070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, Au nanostructure (AuNS) biosynthesis was mediated through ethanolic extract of Plocamium telfairiae (PT) without the use of stabilizers or surfactants. PT-functionalized AuNSs (PT-AuNSs) were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Stable monodisperse PT-AuNSs were synthesized, with a mean size of 15.36 ± 0.10 nm and zeta potential of −35.85 ± 1.36 mV. Moreover, biosynthetic AuNPs with a face-centered structure of PT-AuNS exhibited crystalline characteristics. In addition, many functional groups playing important roles in the biological reduction of PT extracts were adsorbed on the surface of PT-AuNSs. Furthermore, the effects of PT-AuNSs on adipogenesis in immature adipocytes were investigated. PT-AuNSs reduced morphological changes, lowered triglyceride content, and increased lipid accumulation by approximately 78.6% in immature adipocytes compared with the values in mature adipocytes (MDI-induced). PT-AuNS suppressed lipid accumulation by downregulating the transcript and protein expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP 1, FAS, and aP2. Finally, PT-AuNS induced the transcript and protein expression of UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1a, thereby increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in mature adipocytes and effectively inducing brown adipogenesis. In this study, the biosynthesized PT-AuNS was used as a potential therapeutic candidate because it conferred a potent anti-lipogenic effect. As a result, it can be used in various scientific fields such as medicine and the environment.
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Kim JY, Park EJ, Lee HJ. Ameliorative Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Lysate on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation via AMPK Activation and MAPK Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115901. [PMID: 35682579 PMCID: PMC9180524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 has been shown to effectively treat metabolic diseases. However, the precise pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of L. plantarum HAC01 remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the anti-adipogenic effects of L. plantarum HAC01 lysate and its associated mechanism of action. To induce lipid accumulation, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in differentiation media with or without L. plantarum HAC01 lysate. Our results show that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate treatment not only reduced lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, but also decreased the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes involved in lipid metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, L. plantarum HAC01 lysate inhibited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta within 4 h of differentiation induction and inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, C/EBP alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins within 2 d. Moreover, treatment with L. plantarum HAC01 lysate increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, an important regulator of energy metabolism, and decreased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results indicate that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate may have anti-adipogenic effects and support its potential as a useful agent for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-724-4408 (E.-J.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (E.-J.P. & H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-724-4408 (E.-J.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (E.-J.P. & H.-J.L.)
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Jia A, Yang X, Zou B, Li J, Wang Y, Ma R, Li J, Yao Y. Saikosaponins: A Review of Structures and Pharmacological Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri is a traditional medicine widely used in China and other Asian countries. Phytochemistry and pharmacology study reveal that saikosaponins(SSs) are the main bioactive compounds in Radix Bupleuri. SSs are complex compounds composed of triterpene aglycone and carbohydrate part containing 1-13 monosaccharides, which can be divided into seven types based on their structural characteristics. Many different kinds of SSs have been isolated from plants of Bupleurum L. SSs show a variety of biological activities, such as central nervous system protection, liver protection, antivirus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, hormone-like effects, and immune regulation functions. Due to their broad activity and favorable safety profile, SSs attract an increasing amount of attention in recent years. In this review, the structures of 86 SSs are summarized based on the different aglycones due to the diverse structures of saikosaponin(SS). The pharmacological effects and related mechanism of SSs are thoroughly reviewed, and perspectives for future research are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Jia
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhe Yang
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- School of Public Health & Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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