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Gao S, Li N, Lin Z, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Shen X. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 under hypoxia alleviates photoreceptor apoptosis via inducing autophagy in Müller glia. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23671. [PMID: 38752538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301922rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation has emerged as a critical initiator of inflammatory response in ischemic retinopathy. Here, we identified the effect of a potent, selective NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, on autophagy and apoptosis under hypoxia. Neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 5 days to establish oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Intravitreal injection of MCC950 was given, and then autophagy and apoptosis markers were assessed. Retinal autophagy, apoptosis, and related pathways were evaluated by western blot, immunofluorescent labeling, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL assay. Autophagic activity in Müller glia after NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, together with its influence on photoreceptor death, was studied using western blot, immunofluorescence staining, mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection, cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. Results showed that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Müller glia was detected in OIR model. MCC950 could improve impaired retinal autophagic flux and attenuate retinal apoptosis while it regulated the retinal AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. Suppressed autophagy and depressed proliferation capacity resulting from hypoxia was promoted after MCC950 treatment in Müller glia. Inhibition of AMPK and ULK-1 pathway significantly interfered with the MCC950-induced autophagy activity, indicating MCC950 positively modulated autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway in Müller cells. Furthermore, blockage of autophagy in Müller glia significantly induced apoptosis in the cocultured 661W photoreceptor cells, whereas MCC950 markedly preserved the density of photoreceptor cells. These findings substantiated the therapeutic potential of MCC950 against impaired autophagy and subsequent apoptosis under hypoxia. Such protective effect might involve the modulation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in Müller glia could be beneficial for photoreceptor survival under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Atia AF, Abou-Hussien NM, Sweed DM, Sweed E, Abo-Khalil NA. Auranofin attenuates Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced liver granuloma and fibrosis in mice. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e95. [PMID: 38053397 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a serious tropical disease. Despite extensive research into the etiology of liver fibrosis, effective therapeutic options remain limited. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of auranofin in treating hepatic granuloma and fibrogenesis produced by Schistosoma (S.) mansoni eggs. Auranofin is a gold complex that contains thioglucose tetraacetate and triethylphosphine. Eighty BALB/c male mice were divided into four groups (n=20/group): negative control (GI), positive control (GII), and early (GIII) and late (GIV) treatment groups with oral auranofin according to beginning of treatment 4th week and 6th week post-infection. Mice were infected subcutaneously in a dose of 60±10 cercariae/mouse. Worm counts, egg loads, and oogram patterns were determined. Biochemical, histological, and immunostaining of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were assessed. GIII showed a significant decrease in the total S. mansoni worm burden and ova/gram in liver tissue (with reduction percent of 63.07% and 78.26%, respectively). Schistosomal oogram patterns, immature and mature ova, also showed a significant decrease. The reduction in granuloma number and size was 40.63% and 48.66%, respectively, in GIII, whereas in GIV, the reduction percent was 76.63% and 67.08%. In addition, the degree of fibrosis was significantly diminished in both treated groups. GIV showed significant reduction in IL-1β and SMA expression and increase in SIRT3 expression. These findings reveal how auranofin suppresses the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to take another look at auranofin as a prospective medication for the treatment of S. mansoni egg-induced hepatic granuloma and consequent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Atia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - N M Abou-Hussien
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - D M Sweed
- Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - E Sweed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - N A Abo-Khalil
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Ye M, Liu T, Liu S, Tang R, Liu H, Zhang F, Luo S, Li M. Peroxiredoxin 1 regulates crosstalk between pyroptosis and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma leading to a potential pro-survival. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:425. [PMID: 38007535 PMCID: PMC10676359 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), a vital antioxidant enzyme, has been proven to play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers, but its effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Here, we performed bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to confirm that Prdx1 was higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Consistently, RT-PCR and Western blot showed elevated Prdx1 expression in OSCC cell lines compared to human oral keratinocytes (HOK), which could be knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Lentiviral vector delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Prdx1 silencing significantly blocked OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis, as evidenced by the CCK8, colony formation, in vivo tumorigenesis experiment, wound healing, transwell assays, and changes in migration-related factors. siPrdx1 transfection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and provoked pyroptosis, proved by the upregulation of pyroptotic factors and LDH release. Prdx1 silencing ROS-independently blocked autophagy. Mature autophagosome failed to form in the siPrdx1 group. Up-regulated autophagy limited pyroptosis triggered by Prdx1 deficiency, and down-regulated pyroptosis partly reversed siPrdx1-induced autophagy defect. Collectively, Prdx1 regulated pyroptosis in a ROS-dependent way and modulated autophagy in a ROS-independent way, involving the crosstalk between pyroptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Ye
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
| | - Shenglei Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Youn DH, Han SW, Kim JT, Choi H, Lee A, Kim N, Jung H, Hong EP, Park CH, Lee Y, Cho SM, Jeon JP. Oxiracetam alleviates anti-inflammatory activity and ameliorates cognitive impairment in the early phase of traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:2201-2210. [PMID: 37380907 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effects of oxiracetam on cognitive impairment in the early phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI), for which no specific treatment is currently available. METHODS The in vitro study used a cell injury controller to damage SH-SY5Y cells and evaluate the effect of oxiracetam at a dosage of 100 nM. The in vivo study used a stereotaxic impactor to induce a TBI model in C57BL/6 J mice and analyzed immunohistochemical changes and cognitive function after an intraperitoneal injection of oxiracetam (30 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. The number of mice used in this study was 60. They were divided into three groups (sham, TBI, and TBI with oxiracetam treatment) (20 mice in each group). RESULTS The in vitro study showed that oxiracetam treatment resulted in increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and SOD2 mRNA expression. The mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)-1 β were decreased after oxiracetam treatment, along with decreases in intracellular reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic effects. TBI mice treated with oxiracetam exhibited the loss of fewer cortical damaged lesions, less brain edema, and fewer Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-positive and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells compared to those without oxiracetam treatment. The mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β were decreased significantly after oxiracetam treatment. These inflammation-related markers, which colocalized with Iba-1-positive or GFAP-positive cells after TBI, were also decreased after oxiracetam treatment. TBI mice treated with oxiracetam had a smaller decrease in preference and more latency time than those not treated with oxiracetam, suggesting the amelioration of impaired cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Oxiracetam may be helpful in restoring cognitive impairment by ameliorating neuroinflammation in the early phase of TBI.
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MESH Headings
- Rats
- Mice
- Humans
- Animals
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroblastoma
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy
- Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/therapeutic use
- Caspases/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Haesuk Choi
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Aran Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Younghyurk Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20, Ilsan-RoGangwon-Do, Wonju, 26426, Korea.
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, 77 Sakju-Ro, Chuncheon, 24253, Korea.
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Liu H, Yang Y, Wang H. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150325. [PMID: 37153780 PMCID: PMC10157400 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes play an important role in innate immunity. As a signal platform, they deal with the excessive pathogenic products and cellular products related to stress and injury. So far, the best studied and most characteristic inflammasome is the NLR-family pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, which is composed of NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. The formation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes results in the activation of caspase-1, the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis. Many studies have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome not only participates in tumorigenesis, but also plays a protective role in some cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Currently, due to the lack of effective treatment methods for HCC, the therapeutic effect of HCC has not been ideal. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to explore the pathogenesis of HCC and find its effective treatment methods. The increasing evidences indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a vital role in HCC, however, the related mechanisms are not fully understood. Hence, we focused on the recent progress about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in HCC, and analyzed the relevant mechanisms in detail to provide reference for the future in-depth researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Wang, ; Chaoran Chen,
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Wang, ; Chaoran Chen,
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Zhu S, Liu Q, Chang Y, Luo C, Zhang X, Sun S. Integrated Network Pharmacology and Cellular Assay to Explore the Mechanisms of Selenized Tripterine Phytosomes (Se@Tri-PTs) Alleviating Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3073-3086. [PMID: 37961864 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275079231102071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM This work aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of Se@Tri-PTs in alleviating podocyte injury via network pharmacology and in vitro cellular assay. BACKGROUND Selenized tripterine phytosomes (Se@Tri-PTs) have been confirmed to undertake synergistic and sensitized effects on inflammation, which may be curatively promising for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms of Se@Tri-PTs in alleviating podocyte injury, a major contributor to DN, still remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to find out the underlying mechanisms of Se@Tri-PTs in alleviating podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The key components and targets of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) significant for DN as well as the signaling pathways involved have been identified. A high glucose-induced podocyte injury model was established and verified by western blot. The protective concentration of Se@Tri-PTs was screened by CCK-8 assay. Podocytes cultured with high glucose were treated with Se@Tri-PTs under protective levels. The expression of key protective proteins, nephrin and desmin, in podocytes, was assayed by western blot. Further, autophagy- related proteins and factors, like NLRP3, Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3, P62, and SIRT1, were analyzed, which was followed by apoptosis detection. RESULTS Network pharmacology revealed that several monomeric components of TW, especially Tri, act on DN through multiple targets and pathways, including the NLRP3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Se@Tri-PTs improved the viability of podocytes and alleviated their injury induced by high glucose at 5 μg/L or above. High-glucose induction promoted the expression of NLRP3 in podocytes, while a low concentration of Se@Tri-PTs suppressed the expression. A long-term exposure of high glucose significantly inhibited the autophagic activity of podocytes, as manifested by decreased Beclin-1 level, lower ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I, and up- regulation of P62. This abnormality was efficiently reversed by Se@Tri-PTs. Importantly, the expression of SIRT1 was up-regulated and podocyte apoptosis was reduced. CONCLUSION Se@Tri-PTs can alleviate podocyte injury associated with DN by modulating NLRP3 expression through the pathway of SIRT1-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiubo Liu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Chang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyun Sun
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
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Liu T, Jin Q, Ren F, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds targeting autophagy to alleviate podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113670. [PMID: 36116248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common cause of proteinuric kidney diseases. Uncontrollable progressive podocyte loss accelerates glomerulosclerosis and increases the risk of end-stage renal disease. To date, owing to the complex pathological mechanism, effective therapies for podocyte injury have been limited. Accumulating evidence supports the indispensable role of autophagy in the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. A variety of natural compounds and their derivatives have been found to regulate autophagy through multiple targets, including promotes nuclear transfer of transcription factor EB and lysosomal repair. Here, we reviewed the recent studies on the use of natural compounds and their derivatives as autophagy regulators and discussed their potential applications in ameliorating podocyte injury. Several known natural compounds with autophagy-regulatory properties, such as quercetin, silibinin, kaempferol, and artemisinin, and their medical uses were also discussed. This review will help in improving the understanding of the podocyte protective mechanism of natural compounds and promote their development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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8
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Lu X, Ding Y, Liu H, Sun M, Chen C, Yang Y, Wang H. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Autophagy in Liver Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074035. [PMID: 35409395 PMCID: PMC8999478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex process of degradation of senescent or dysfunctional organelles in cells. Dysfunctional autophagy is associated with many diseases such as cancers, immune dysfunction, and aging. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to be the third gas signal molecule after nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide. In recent years, H2S has been found to have a variety of important biological functions, and plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we review the recent role and mechanism of H2S in regulating autophagy in liver disorders, in order to provide a basis for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Yueming Ding
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Huiyang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.L.); (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Mengyao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.L.); (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Yihan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.L.); (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Honggang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (H.L.); (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Mechanisms and clinical evidence to support melatonin's use in severe COVID-19 patients to lower mortality. Life Sci 2022; 294:120368. [PMID: 35108568 PMCID: PMC8800937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection is due to its high mortality related to seasonal flu. To date, few medicines have been developed to significantly reduce the mortality of the severe COVID-19 patients, especially those requiring tracheal intubation. The severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection not only depend on the viral virulence, but are primarily determined by the cytokine storm and the destructive inflammation driven by the host immune reaction. Thus, to target the host immune response might be a better strategy to combat this pandemic. Melatonin is a molecule with multiple activities on a virus infection. These include that it downregulates the overreaction of innate immune response to suppress inflammation, promotes the adaptive immune reaction to enhance antibody formation, inhibits the entrance of the virus into the cell as well as limits its replication. These render it a potentially excellent candidate for treatment of the severe COVID-19 cases. Several clinical trials have confirmed that melatonin when added to the conventional therapy significantly reduces the mortality of the severe COVID-19 patients. The cost of melatonin is a small fraction of those medications approved by FDA for emergency use to treat COVID-19. Because of its self-administered, low cost and high safety margin, melatonin could be made available to every country in the world at an affordable cost. We recommend melatonin be used to treat severe COVID-19 patients with the intent of reducing mortality. If successful, it would make the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic less fearful and help to return life back to normalcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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