1
|
Abhijith Shankar PS, Parida P, Bhardwaj R, Yadav A, Swapnil P, Seth CS, Meena M. Deciphering molecular regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) signalling networks in Oryza genus amid environmental stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:185. [PMID: 38951279 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The Oryza genus, containing Oryza sativa L., is quintessential to sustain global food security. This genus has a lot of sophisticated molecular mechanisms to cope with environmental stress, particularly during vulnerable stages like flowering. Recent studies have found key involvements and genetic modifications that increase resilience to stress, including exogenous application of melatonin, allantoin, and trehalose as well as OsSAPK3 and OsAAI1 in the genetic realm. Due to climate change and anthropogenic reasons, there is a rise in sea level which raises a concern of salinity stress. It is tackled through osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis, mediated by genes like P5CS, P5CR, GSH1, GSH2, and SPS, and ion transporters like NHX, NKT, and SKC, respectively. Oxidative damage is reduced by a complex action of antioxidants, scavenging RONS. A complex action of genes mediates cold stress with studies highlighting the roles of OsWRKY71, microRNA2871b, OsDOF1, and OsICE1. There is a need to research the mechanism of action of proteins like OsRbohA in ROS control and the action of regulatory genes in stress response. This is highly relevant due to the changing climate which will raise a lot of environmental changes that will adversely affect production and global food security if certain countermeasures are not taken. Overall, this study aims to unravel the molecular intricacies of ROS and RNS signaling networks in Oryza plants under stress conditions, with the ultimate goal of informing strategies for enhancing stress tolerance and crop performance in this important agricultural genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Abhijith Shankar
- School of Basic Sciences, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Pallabi Parida
- School of Basic Sciences, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Bhardwaj
- School of Basic Sciences, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Ankush Yadav
- School of Basic Sciences, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- School of Basic Sciences, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Gao Y, Han X, Li Z, Mou F, Bi J, Zu Y, Wang J. Appropriate supply of sulfur alleviates lead toxicity and stimulates its accumulation in hyperaccumulator Arabis alpina. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142646. [PMID: 38897324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Widespread lead (Pb) contamination of agricultural soils is a global issue stemming from human activities. The remediation of Pb-contaminated soils used for agricultural purposes is critically important to safeguard food crop safety. Despite the modulating effects of sulfur (S) on plant responses to toxic heavy metals, the ecological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms driving such modulation in the Pb hyperaccumulator Arabis alpina L. remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of five S concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg kg-1) on A. alpina grown in Pb-contaminated soil from a lead-zinc mining area. Under S50 (i.e., 50 mg kg-1) and S100 treatments, the Pb concentration in both shoots and roots of A. alpina significantly decreased compared to the control (S0). Specifically, the S50 treatment significantly enhanced Pb accumulation, plant biomass, and plant height, indicating that low S applications facilitate Pb accumulation from the soil and alleviate Pb toxicity. Additionally, S50, S100, and S150 treatments significantly improved photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration in A. alpina. Transcriptomic analysis showed that S50 and S100 treatments increased the expression of the LHCA, LHCB, psa, and psb genes, which had a significant impact on photosynthetic efficiency. S50 and S100 boosted glutathione (GSH) levels in A. alpina roots, and the increased expression of GST gene enhanced tolerance to environmental stress. In summary, these results suggest that an appropriate supply of S (S50 and S100) not only alleviates Pb toxicity by enhancing plant biomass, height, photosynthetic features, and sulfur metabolites but also stimulates Pb accumulation in the hyperaccumulator A. alpina. Our study elucidated the specific concentrations of sulfur that optimally enhance both Pb accumulation and stress tolerance in the hyperaccumulator A. alpina, providing novel insights into the practical application of sulfur in phytoremediation strategies and advancing our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Mou
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Bi
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shaikhaldein HO, Al-Qurainy F, Nadeem M, Khan S, Tarroum M, Salih AM, Al-Hashimi A. Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using Solenostemma argel and their effect on enhancing salt tolerance in barley plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12701. [PMID: 38831069 PMCID: PMC11148141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinctive characteristics of nanoparticles and their potential applications have been given considerable attention by scientists across different fields, particularly agriculture. However, there has been limited effort to assess the impact of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in modulating physiological and biochemical processes in response to salt-induced stress. This study aimed to synthesize CuNPs biologically using Solenostemma argel extract and determine their effects on morphophysiological parameters and antioxidant defense system of barley (Hordeum vulgare) under salt stress. The biosynthesized CuNPs were characterized by (UV-vis spectroscopy with Surface Plasmon Resonance at 320 nm, the crystalline nature of the formed NPs was verified via XRD, the FTIR recorded the presence of the functional groups, while TEM was confirmed the shape (spherical) and the sizes (9 to 18 nm) of biosynthesized CuNPs. Seeds of barley plants were grown in plastic pots and exposed to different levels of salt (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). Our findings revealed that the supplementation of CuNPs (0, 25 and 50 mg/L) to salinized barley significantly mitigate the negative impacts of salt stress and enhanced the plant growth-related parameters. High salinity level enhanced the oxidative damage by raising the concentrations of osmolytes (soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, increasing the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, total phenol, and flavonoids. Interestingly, exposing CuNPs on salt-stressed plants enhanced the plant-growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange parameters. Furthermore, CuNPs counteracted oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of osmolytes, H2O2, MDA, total phenol, and flavonoids, while simultaneously enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the application of biosynthesized CuNPs presents a promising approach and sustainable strategy to enhance plant resistance to salinity stress, surpassing conventional methods in terms of environmental balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan O Shaikhaldein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Al-Qurainy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nadeem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tarroum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalrhaman M Salih
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pastierovič F, Mogilicherla K, Hradecký J, Kalyniukova A, Dvořák O, Roy A, Tomášková I. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Unveiling the Defence Mechanisms of Populus tremula against Sucking and Chewing Insect Herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6124. [PMID: 38892311 PMCID: PMC11172939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants and insects coevolved as an evolutionarily successful and enduring association. The molecular arms race led to evolutionary novelties regarding unique mechanisms of defence and detoxification in plants and insects. While insects adopt mechanisms to conquer host defence, trees develop well-orchestrated and species-specific defence strategies against insect herbivory. However, current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of fine-tuned tree defence responses against different herbivore insects is still restricted. In the current study, using a multi-omics approach, we unveiled the defence response of Populus tremula against aphids (Chaitophorus populialbae) and spongy moths (Lymantria dispar) herbivory. Comparative differential gene expression (DGE) analyses revealed that around 272 and 1203 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula after moth and aphid herbivory compared to uninfested controls. Interestingly, 5716 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula between aphids and moth infestation. Further investigation showed that defence-related stress hormones and their lipid precursors, transcription factors, and signalling molecules were over-expressed, whereas the growth-related counterparts were suppressed in P. tremula after aphid and moth herbivory. Metabolomics analysis documented that around 37% of all significantly abundant metabolites were associated with biochemical pathways related to tree growth and defence. However, the metabolic profiles of aphid and moth-fed trees were quite distinct, indicating species-specific response optimization. After identifying the suitable reference genes in P. tremula, the omics data were further validated using RT-qPCR. Nevertheless, our findings documented species-specific fine-tuning of the defence response of P. tremula, showing conservation on resource allocation for defence overgrowth under aphid and moth herbivory. Such findings can be exploited to enhance our current understanding of molecular orchestration of tree responses against herbivory and aid in developing insect pest resistance P. tremula varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zainab N, Glick BR, Bose A, Amna, Ali J, Rehman FU, Paker NP, Rengasamy K, Kamran MA, Hayat K, Munis MFH, Sultan T, Imran M, Chaudhary HJ. Deciphering the mechanistic role of Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52) in bio-sorption and phyto-assimilation of Cadmium via Linum usitatissimum L. Seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108652. [PMID: 38723488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Three Cd2+ resistant bacterium's minimal inhibition concentrations were assessed and their percentages of Cd2+ accumulation were determined by measurements using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results revealed that two isolates Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52), identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, showed a higher percentage of Cd2+ accumulation i.e., 83.78% and 81.79%, respectively. Moreover, both novel strains can tolerate Cd2+ levels up to 2000 mg/L isolated from district Chakwal. Amplification of the czcD, nifH, and acdS genes was also performed. Batch bio-sorption studies revealed that at pH 7.0, 1 g/L of biomass, and an initial 150 mg/L Cd2+ concentration were the ideal bio-sorption conditions for Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52). The experimental data were fit to Langmuir isotherm measurements and Freundlich isotherm model R2 values of 0.999 for each of these strains. Bio sorption processes showed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The intra-diffusion model showed Xi values for Bacillus paramycoides (PM51) and Bacillus tequilensis (PM52) of 2.26 and 2.23, respectively. Different surface ligands, was investigated through Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The scanning electron microscope SEM images revealed that after Cd2+ adsorption, the cells of both strains became thick, adherent, and deformed. Additionally, both enhanced Linum usitatissimum plant seed germination under varied concentrations of Cd2+ (0 mg/L, 250 mg/L,350 mg/L, and 500 mg/L). Current findings suggest that the selected strains can be used as a sustainable part of bioremediation techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zainab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Water Loo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arpita Bose
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States
| | - Amna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road Sattellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Najeeba Parre Paker
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tariq Sultan
- Land Resource Research Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad S, Tabassum J, Sheng Z, Lv Y, Chen W, Zeb A, Dong N, Ali U, Shao G, Wei X, Hu S, Tang S. Loss-of-function of PGL10 impairs photosynthesis and tolerance to high-temperature stress in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14369. [PMID: 38828612 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) affects the production of chlorophyll (Chl) pigment and inhibits cellular processes that impair photosynthesis, and growth and development in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress in rice are not fully understood yet. In this study, we identified two mutants varying in leaf color from the ethylmethanesulfonate mutant library of indica rice cv. Zhongjiazao-17, which showed pale-green leaf color and variegated leaf phenotype under HT conditions. Mut-map revealed that both mutants were allelic, and their phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene PALE GREEN LEAF 10 (PGL10) that encodes NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B, which is required for the reduction of protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide in light-dependent tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway-based Chl synthesis. Overexpression-based complementation and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout analyses confirmed the results of Mut-map. Moreover, qRT-PCR-based expression analysis of PGL10 showed that it expresses in almost all plant parts with the lowest expression in root, followed by seed, third leaf, and then other green tissues in both mutants, pgl10a and pgl10b. Its protein localizes in chloroplasts, and the first 17 amino acids from N-terminus are responsible for signals in chloroplasts. Moreover, transcriptome analysis performed under HT conditions revealed that the genes involved in the Chl biosynthesis and degradation, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species detoxification were differentially expressed in mutants compared to WT. Thus, these results indicate that PGL10 is required for maintaining chloroplast function and plays an important role in rice adaptation to HT stress conditions by controlling photosynthetic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aqib Zeb
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Umed Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li W, Li H, Wei Y, Han J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Han D. Overexpression of a Fragaria vesca NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) Transcription Factor Gene ( FvNAC29) Increases Salt and Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4088. [PMID: 38612898 PMCID: PMC11012600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) family of transcription factors (TFs) is a vital transcription factor family of plants. It controls multiple parts of plant development, tissue formation, and abiotic stress response. We cloned the FvNAC29 gene from Fragaria vesca (a diploid strawberry) for this research. There is a conserved NAM structural domain in the FvNAC29 protein. The highest homology between FvNAC29 and PaNAC1 was found by phylogenetic tree analysis. Subcellular localization revealed that FvNAC29 is localized onto the nucleus. Compared to other tissues, the expression level of FvNAC29 was higher in young leaves and roots. In addition, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing FvNAC29 had higher cold and high-salinity tolerance than the wild type (WT) and unloaded line with empty vector (UL). The proline and chlorophyll contents of transgenic Arabidopsis plants, along with the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under 200 mM NaCl treatment or -8 °C treatment, were higher than those activities of the control. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were higher in the WT and UL lines. FvNAC29 improves transgenic plant resistance to cold and salt stress by regulating the expression levels of AtRD29a, AtCCA1, AtP5CS1, and AtSnRK2.4. It also improves the potential to tolerate cold stress by positively regulating the expression levels of AtCBF1, AtCBF4, AtCOR15a, and AtCOR47. These findings suggest that FvNAC29 may be related to the processes and the molecular mechanisms of F. vesca response to high-salinity stress and LT stress, providing a comprehensive understanding of the NAC TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yangfan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Xingguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Deguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.L.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang P, Liu WC, Han C, Wang S, Bai MY, Song CP. Reactive oxygen species: Multidimensional regulators of plant adaptation to abiotic stress and development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:330-367. [PMID: 38116735 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as undesirable by-products of metabolism in various cellular compartments, especially in response to unfavorable environmental conditions, throughout the life cycle of plants. Stress-induced ROS production disrupts normal cellular function and leads to oxidative damage. To cope with excessive ROS, plants are equipped with a sophisticated antioxidative defense system consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components that scavenge ROS or inhibit their harmful effects on biomolecules. Nonetheless, when maintained at relatively low levels, ROS act as signaling molecules that regulate plant growth, development, and adaptation to adverse conditions. Here, we provide an overview of current approaches for detecting ROS. We also discuss recent advances in understanding ROS signaling, ROS metabolism, and the roles of ROS in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Situ Wang
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, H3B1X8, Canada
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang F, Li S, Wang L, Li X. An Innovative Approach to Alleviate Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Stress on Wheat through Nanobubble Irrigation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1896. [PMID: 38339174 PMCID: PMC10855730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive utilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles in consumer products and the industry has led to their substantial entry into the soil through air and surface runoff transportation, which causes ecotoxicity in agro-ecosystems and detrimental effects on crop production. Nanobubbles (diameter size < 1 µm) have many advantages, such as a high surface area, rapid mass transfer, and long retention time. In this study, wheat seedlings were irrigated with a 500 mg L-1 zinc oxide nanoparticle solution delivered in the form of nanobubble watering (nanobubble-ZnO-NPs). We found that nanobubble watering improved the growth and nutrient status of wheat exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles, as evidenced by increased total foliar nitrogen and phosphorus, along with enhanced leaf dry mass per area. This effect can be attributed to nanobubbles disassembling zinc oxide aggregates formed due to soil organic carbon, thereby mitigating nutrient absorption limitations in plants. Furthermore, nanobubbles improved the capability of soil oxygen input, leading to increased root activity and glycolysis efficiency in wheat roots. This work provides valuable insights into the influence of nanobubble watering on soil quality and crop production and offers an innovative approach for agricultural irrigation that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of water application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Northeastern, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan I, Awan SA, Rizwan M, Huizhi W, Ulhassan Z, Xie W. Silicon nanoparticles improved the osmolyte production, antioxidant defense system, and phytohormone regulation in Elymus sibiricus (L.) under drought and salt stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8985-8999. [PMID: 38183551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Drought and salt stress negatively influence the growth and development of various plant species. Thus, it is crucial to overcome these stresses for sustainable agricultural production and the global food chain. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential effects of exogenous silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the physiological and biochemical parameters, and endogenous phytohormone contents of Elymus sibiricus under drought and salt stress. Drought stress was given as 45% water holding capacity, and salt stress was given as 120 mM NaCl. The seed priming was done with different SiNP concentrations: SiNP1 (50 mg L-1), SiNP2 (100 mg L-1), SiNP3 (150 mg L-1), SiNP4 (200 mg L-1), and SiNP5 (250 mg L-1). Both stresses imposed harmful impacts on the analyzed parameters of plants. However, SiNP5 increased the chlorophylls and osmolyte accumulation such as total proteins by 96% and 110% under drought and salt stress, respectively. The SiNP5 significantly decreased the oxidative damage and improved the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX by 10%, 54%, 104%, and 211% under drought and 42%, 75%, 72%, and 215% under salt stress, respectively. The SiNPs at all concentrations considerably improved the level of different phytohormones to respond to drought and salt stress and increased the tolerance of Elymus plants. Moreover, SiNPs decreased the Na+ and increased K+ concentrations in Elymus suggesting the reduction in salt ion accumulation under salinity stress. Overall, exogenous application (seed priming/dipping) of SiNPs considerably enhanced the physio-biochemical and metabolic responses, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Therefore, this study could be used as a reference to further explore the impacts of SiNPs at molecular and genetic level to mitigate abiotic stresses in forages and related plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wang Huizhi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wengang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chinnannan K, Somagattu P, Yammanuru H, Nimmakayala P, Chakrabarti M, Reddy UK. Effects of Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) on Growth and Physiology of Sweet Potato: A Space Model Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38202365 PMCID: PMC10780443 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Growing food autonomously on Mars is challenging due to the Martian soil's low nutrient content and high salinity. Understanding how plants adapt and evaluating their nutritional attributes are pivotal for sustained Mars missions. This research delves into the regeneration, stress tolerance, and dietary metrics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) across different Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75%). In our greenhouse experiment, 75% MGS-1 concentration significantly inhibited sweet potato growth, storage root biomass, and chlorophyll content. This concentration also elevated the plant tissues' H2O2, proline, and ascorbic acid levels. Higher MGS-1 exposures (50 and 75%) notably boosted the vital amino acids and sugar groups in the plant's storage roots. However, increased MGS-1 concentrations notably diminished the total C:N ratio and elemental composition in both the vines and storage roots. In summary, sweet potato exhibited optimal growth, antioxidant properties, yield, and nutrient profiles at 25% MGS-1 exposure as compared to higher concentrations. This study underscores the need for future interventions, like nutrient enhancements and controlled metal accessibility, to render sweet potato a suitable plant for space-based studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnannan
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Prapooja Somagattu
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Hyndavi Yammanuru
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| | - Manohar Chakrabarti
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA; (K.C.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (P.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferl RJ, Zhou M, Strickland HF, Haveman NJ, Callaham JB, Bandla S, Ambriz D, Paul AL. Transcriptomic dynamics in the transition from ground to space are revealed by Virgin Galactic human-tended suborbital spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:95. [PMID: 38123588 PMCID: PMC10733374 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Virgin Galactic Unity 22 mission conducted the first astronaut-manipulated suborbital spaceflight experiment. The experiment examined the operationalization of Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tubes (KFTs) as a generalizable approach to preserving biology at various phases of suborbital flight. The biology chosen for this experiment was Arabidopsis thaliana, ecotype Col-0, because of the plant history of spaceflight experimentation within KFTs and wealth of comparative data from orbital experiments. KFTs were deployed as a wearable device, a leg pouch attached to the astronaut, which proved to be operationally effective during the course of the flight. Data from the inflight samples indicated that the microgravity period of the flight elicited the strongest transcriptomic responses as measured by the number of genes showing differential expression. Genes related to reactive oxygen species and stress, as well as genes associated with orbital spaceflight, were highly represented among the suborbital gene expression profile. In addition, gene families largely unaffected in orbital spaceflight were diversely regulated in suborbital flight, including stress-responsive transcription factors. The human-tended suborbital experiment demonstrated the operational effectiveness of the KFTs in suborbital flight and suggests that rapid transcriptomic responses are a part of the temporal dynamics at the beginning of physiological adaptation to spaceflight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ferl
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- UF Research, University of Florida, 1523 Union Rd, Grinter Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Mingqi Zhou
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hunter F Strickland
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Natasha J Haveman
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jordan B Callaham
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sirisha Bandla
- Virgin Galactic, 1700 Flight Way, 3rd Floor, Tustin, CA, 92782, USA
| | - Daniel Ambriz
- Virgin Galactic, 1700 Flight Way, 3rd Floor, Tustin, CA, 92782, USA
| | - Anna-Lisa Paul
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2550 Hull Road, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qian Y, Xi Y, Xia L, Qiu Z, Liu L, Ma H. Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor ZmNAC074 Positively Regulates Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16157. [PMID: 38003347 PMCID: PMC10671035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops for humans, making a vital contribution to human nutrition and health. However, in recent years, due to the influence of external adverse environments, the yield and quality of maize have been seriously affected. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are important plant-unique TFs, which are crucial for regulating the abiotic stress response of plants. Therefore, it is of great biological significance to explore the underlying regulatory function of plant NAC TFs under various abiotic stresses. In this study, wild-type and ZmNAC074-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis were used as experimental materials to dissect the stress-resistant function of ZmNAC074 in transgenic Arabidopsis at phenotypic, physiological and molecular levels. The analyses of seed germination rate, survival rate, phenotype, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and other physiological indexes induced by distinct abiotic stress conditions showed that overexpression of ZmNAC074 could confer the enhanced resistance of salt, drought, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that ZmNAC074 plays an important regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stress, which provides an important theoretical foundation for further uncovering the molecular regulation mechanism of ZmNAC074 under abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yexiong Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yan Xi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lingxue Xia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ziling Qiu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumari A, Joshi S, Dar AI, Joshi R. Physio-Biochemical Integrators and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Nano-Elicitation Associated Response during Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne Micropropagation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1725. [PMID: 37761865 PMCID: PMC10530697 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboos are perennial, arborescent, monocarpic and industrially important non-timber plants. They are important for various purposes, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, construction, and food and fiber production. However, traditional vegetative propagation is insufficient for bamboo multiplication. Moreover, little is known about the mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in vitro proliferation and regulation of physiological and biochemical properties. In this study, we investigated the impacts of citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) coated AuNPs on in vitro proliferation, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant potential of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne. Various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were differentially affected along the citrate- and CTAB-coated AuNPs concentration gradients (200-600 µM). In vitro shoot proliferation, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant activities were higher in D. asper grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg·L-1 benzyladenine and 400 µM citrate-coated AuNPs than in those grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 600 µM CTAB- coated AuNPs. Identification of genes regulating in vitro D. asper proliferation will help understand the molecular regulation of AuNPs-mediated elicitation for modulating various physiological and biochemical activities during micropropagation. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses identified differentially expressed genes associated with in vitro modulation of AuNPs-regulated biological processes and molecular functions. The findings of this study provide new insight into AuNPs-mediated elicitation of in vitro mass scale bamboo propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shubham Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Loudari A, Latique S, Mayane A, Colinet G, Oukarroum A. Polyphosphate fertilizer impacts the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of wheat plants grown under salinity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11212. [PMID: 37433920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
By 2050, the predicted global population is set to reach 9.6 billion highlighting the urgent need to increase crop productivity to meet the growing demand for food. This is becoming increasingly challenging when soils are saline and/or deficient in phosphorus (P). The synergic effect of P deficiency and salinity causes a series of secondary stresses including oxidative stress. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and oxidative damage in plants caused either by P limitation or by salt stress may restrict the overall plant performances leading to a decline in crop yield. However, the P application in adequate forms and doses could positively impact the growth of plants and enhances their tolerance to salinity. In our investigation, we evaluated the effect of different P fertilizers forms (Ortho-A, Ortho-B and Poly-B) and increasing P rates (0, 30 and 45 ppm) on the plant's antioxidant system and P uptake of durum wheat (Karim cultivar) grown under salinity (EC = 3.003 dS/m). Our results demonstrated that salinity caused a series of variations in the antioxidant capacity of wheat plants, at both, enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels. Remarkably, a strong correlation was observed between P uptake, biomass, various antioxidant system parameters and P rates and sources. Soluble P fertilizers considerably enhanced the total plant performances under salt stress compared with control plants grown under salinity and P deficiency (C+). Indeed, salt-stressed and fertilized plants exhibited a robust antioxidant system revealed by the increase in enzymatic activities of Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and a significant accumulation of Proline, total polyphenols content (TPC) and soluble sugars (SS) as well as increased biomass, Chlorophyll content (CCI), leaf protein content and P uptake compared to unfertilized plants. Compared to OrthoP fertilizers at 45 ppm P, Poly-B fertilizer showed significant positive responses at 30 ppm P where the increase reached + 18.2% in protein content, + 156.8% in shoot biomass, + 93% in CCI, + 84% in shoot P content, + 51% in CAT activity, + 79% in APX activity, + 93% in TPC and + 40% in SS compared to C+. This implies that PolyP fertilizers might be an alternative for the suitable management of phosphorus fertilization under salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Loudari
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Terra Research Center, Liege University-Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Faculty, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Salma Latique
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Asmae Mayane
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gilles Colinet
- Terra Research Center, Liege University-Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Faculty, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Torabi S, Taheri MA, Semsarha F. Alleviative effects of Faradarmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress. F1000Res 2023; 9:1089. [PMID: 37388901 PMCID: PMC10300499 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25247.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Faradarmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. It is a novel field and is described similarly to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. This field is neither matter nor energy, and therefore does not possess a quantity. Even though there is no direct scientific evidence for the Consciousness Field, it is possible to investigate its effects on objects through controlled experiments. The aim of the present work was to study the alleviative effects of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field on common wheat Triticum aestivum L. var Star under salt stress. Methods: Plants were grown under 0 mM NaCl (control) and 150 mM NaCl with or without the influence of Faradarmani Consciousness Field for 3 weeks. Chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) were measured in all groups of plants. Results: In the salt-treated plants under the influence of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field, the contents of total chlorophyll, as well as a and b chlorophyll forms, were elevated compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF (34.8%, 17.8%, and 169% respectively). Additionally, Faradarmani increased H 2O 2 (57%) and the activity of SOD and PPO by 220% and 168%, respectively, under salinity compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF. MDA content and activity of peroxidase were decreased by 12.5% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest the Faradarmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torabi
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Taheri
- Sciencefact R&D Department, Cosmointel Inc. Research Center, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farid Semsarha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tao J, Wu F, Wen H, Liu X, Luo W, Gao L, Jiang Z, Mo B, Chen X, Kong W, Yu Y. RCD1 Promotes Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis by Repressing ANAC017 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9793. [PMID: 37372941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse strategies to accommodate saline environments. More insights into the knowledge of salt stress regulatory pathways will benefit crop breeding. RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH 1 (RCD1) was previously identified as an essential player in salt stress response. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we unraveled that Arabidopsis NAC domain-containing protein 17 (ANAC017) acts downstream of RCD1 in salt stress response, and its ER-to-nucleus transport is triggered by high salinity. Genetic and biochemical evidence showed that RCD1 interacts with transmembrane motif-truncated ANAC017 in the nucleus and represses its transcriptional activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes associated with oxidation reduction process and response to salt stress are similarly dysregulated in loss-of-function rcd1 and gain-of-function anac017-2 mutants. In addition, we found that ANAC017 plays a negative role in salt stress response by impairing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Taken together, our study uncovered that RCD1 promotes salt stress response and maintains ROS homeostasis by inhibiting ANAC017 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoming Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science, Peking University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Weigui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Beixin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Bioindustry and Innovation Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alghamdi AH, Ahmed AA, Bashir M, Abdalgadir H, Khalid A, Gul S. The use of medicinal plants in common ophthalmic disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15340. [PMID: 37151714 PMCID: PMC10161615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess and compile the available research articles about medicinal plants used for ocular diseases. Principal results A total of 2949 articles were retrieved, 35 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and seven studies (4 observational and three experimental) with low to moderate quality were eligible and involved in the systematic review, with a total of 600 plants from 4 countries. Among the 600 plants, only 24 (4%) were used to assess the status. Both the fixed and random models of the studies showed that the included studies tended to predict the results for the observational studies (OR = 0.062, CI = 0.043-0.090 OR = 0.039, CI = 0.012-0.122) for different plants used for ocular diseases. High heterogeneity (estimated as I2 = 87.078, Tau2 = 1.161 and Q-value = 23.217 with a p-value of 0.000), while for experimental studies (I2 = 94.928, Tau2 = 23.211 and Q-value = 39.434 with a p-value of 0.000) and publication bias were reported. Conclusion Few articles representing approximately 600 plants of low to moderate quality reported using medicinal plants for ocular diseases. The meta-analysis confirmed the systematic review findings regarding the plants' traditional use with high heterogeneity and publication bias. A considerable gap was proven in the use of medicinal plants in ocular diseases requiring intensive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hendi Alghamdi
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. FRCS Consultant Ophthalmologist, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, B.O. Box: 1998, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aimun A.E. Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mahadi Bashir
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haidar Abdalgadir
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P. O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamouzová K, Sen MK, Bharati R, Košnarová P, Chawdhery MRA, Roy A, Soukup J. Calcium signalling in weeds under herbicide stress: An outlook. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135845. [PMID: 37035053 PMCID: PMC10080077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous use of herbicides for controlling weeds has led to the evolution of resistance to all major herbicidal modes of action globally. Every year, new cases of herbicide resistance are reported. Resistance is still in progress in many species, which must be stopped before it becomes a worldwide concern. Several herbicides are known to cause stressful conditions that resemble plant abiotic stresses. Variation in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration is a primary event in a wide range of biological processes in plants, including adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Ca2+ acts as a secondary messenger, connecting various environmental stimuli to different biological processes, especially during stress rejoindering in plants. Even though many studies involving Ca2+ signalling in plants have been published, there have been no studies on the roles of Ca2+ signalling in herbicide stress response. Hence, this mini-review will highlight the possible sensing and molecular communication via Ca2+ signals in weeds under herbicide stress. It will also discuss some critical points regarding integrating the sensing mechanisms of multiple stress conditions and subsequent molecular communication. These signalling responses must be addressed in the future, enabling researchers to discover new herbicidal targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hamouzová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Madhab Kumar Sen
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rohit Bharati
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, The Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Košnarová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Md Rafique Ahasan Chawdhery
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (E.T.M.), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Soukup
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhar A, Chakraborty A, Roy A. The captivating role of calcium in plant-microbe interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138252. [PMID: 36938033 PMCID: PMC10020633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune response is fascinating due to the complete absence of a humoral system. The adaptive immune response in plants relies on the intracellular orchestration of signalling molecules or intermediates associated with transcriptional reprogramming. Plant disease response phenomena largely depend on pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intracellular signal transduction. The pathogens possess specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP), which are first identified by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host plants for successful infection. After successful pathogen recognition, the defence response is initiated within plants. The first line of non-specific defence response is called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), followed by the specific robust signalling is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Calcium plays a crucial role in both PTI and ETI. The biphasic induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is inevitable in any plant-microbe interaction. Calcium ions play crucial roles in the initial oxidative burst and ROS induction. Different pathogens can induce calcium accumulation in the cytosol ([Ca2+]Cyt), called calcium signatures. These calcium signatures further control the diverse defence-responsive proteins in the intracellular milieu. These calcium signatures then activate calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calcium calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), etc., to impart intricate defence signalling within the cell. Decoding this calcium ionic map is imperative to unveil any plant microbe interplay and modulate defence-responsive pathways. Hence, the present review is unique in developing concepts of calcium signature in plants and their subsequent decoding mechanism. This review also intends to articulate early sensing of calcium oscillation, signalling events, and comprehensive mechanistic roles of calcium within plants during pathogenic ingression. This will accumulate and summarize the exciting roles of calcium ions in plant immunity and provide the foundation for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bhar
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enhancing Wheat Growth and Yield through Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Gas Exchange, Antioxidant Defense, and Osmoprotection under Salt Stress. STRESSES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major challenge for agricultural productivity, adversely affecting crop growth and yield. In recent years, various techniques have been developed to increase crop tolerance to salinity, including seed priming. This study was carried out to assess the effects of salicylic acid (SA) priming (0-, 10- and 20-mM) in comparison with hydropriming on growth, physio-biochemical activities, and yield of two wheat varieties (AARI-11 and Ujala-15) under 0- and 170-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) toxicity. The exposure of wheat plants to NaCl led to a significant reduction in various growth factors, including fresh weight (40%), total chlorophyll (39%), stomatal conductance (42%), shoot Ca2+ (39%), and 1000-grain weight (34%). In contrast, salt stress triggered the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, glycine-betaine, phenolics, and proline. The application of 20 mM SA through seed priming was found to greatly improve the fresh root weight, chlorophyll b, POD activities, shoot Ca2+, and overall yield (up to 71, 66, 35, 57, and 44%, respectively) under salt stress. While hydropriming also enhanced wheat tolerance to salinity.
Collapse
|
22
|
Corbridge E, MacGregor A, Al-Saharin R, Garneau MG, Smalley S, Mooney S, Roje S, Bates PD, Hellmann H. Brassica napus Plants Gain Improved Salt-Stress Tolerance and Increased Storage Oil Biosynthesis by Interfering with CRL3 BPM Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1085. [PMID: 36903945 PMCID: PMC10005049 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Generating new strategies to improve plant performance and yield in crop plants becomes increasingly relevant with ongoing and predicted global climate changes. E3 ligases that function as key regulators within the ubiquitin proteasome pathway often are involved in abiotic stress responses, development, and metabolism in plants. The aim of this research was to transiently downregulate an E3 ligase that uses BTB/POZ-MATH proteins as substrate adaptors in a tissue-specific manner. Interfering with the E3 ligase at the seedling stage and in developing seeds results in increased salt-stress tolerance and elevated fatty acid levels, respectively. This novel approach can help to improve specific traits in crop plants to maintain sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Corbridge
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Alexandra MacGregor
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Raed Al-Saharin
- Department of Applied Biology, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, Jordan
| | - Matthew G. Garneau
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Samuel Smalley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Philip D. Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen W, Wu Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liu X. Biochar combined with Bacillus subtilis SL-44 as an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil fertility, reduce Fusarium wilt, and promote radish growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114509. [PMID: 36621032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis as microbial fertilizers contribute to avoiding the harmful effects of traditional agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. However, there are many restrictions on the practical application of fertilizers. In this study, microbial biochar formulations (BCMs) were prepared by loading biochar with B. subtilis SL-44. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the BCMs on soil fertility, Fusarium wilt control, and radish plant growth. The application of BCMs dramatically improved soil properties and favored plant growth. Compared with SL-44 and biochar treatments, the BCMs treatments increased radish plant physical-chemical properties and activities of several enzymes in the soil. What's more, Fusarium wilt incidence had decreased by 59.88%. In addition, the BCMs treatments exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of radish. Therefore, this study demonstrated that BCMs may be an eco-friendly strategy for improving soil fertility, reducing Fusarium wilt, and promoting radish plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wumei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Li W, Xu L, Wang M, Zhou W, Li S, Tan W, Wang Q, Xing W, Liu D. Acclimation of sugar beet in morphological, physiological and BvAMT1.2 expression under low and high nitrogen supply. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278327. [PMID: 36445927 PMCID: PMC9707788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response and tolerance mechanisms of nitrogen (N) stress is essential for the taproot plant of sugar beet. Hence, in this study, low (0.5 and 3 mmol/L; N0.5 and N3), moderate (5 mmol/L; N5; control) and high (10 and 12 mmol/L; N10 and N12) N were imposed to sugar beet to comparatively investigate the growth and physiological changes, and expression pattern of the gene involving ammonia transporting at different seedling stages. The results showed that, different from N5 which could induce maximum biomass of beet seedlings, low N was more likely to inhibit the growth of beet seedlings than high N treatments. Morphological differences and adverse factors increased significantly with extension of stress time, but sugar beet seedlings displayed a variety of physical responses to different N concentrations to adapt to N abnormal. At 14 d, the chlorophyll content, leaf and root surface area, total dry weight and nitrogen content of seedlings treated with N0.5 decreased 15.83%, 53.65%, 73.94%, 78.08% and 24.88% respectively, compared with N12; however, the root shoot ratio increased significantly as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content, especially in root. The expression of BvAMT1.2 was also regulated in an N concentration-dependent manner, and was mainly involved in the tolerance of beet leaves to N stress, which significantly positively correlated to GS activity on the basis of its high affinity to N. It can be deduced that the stored nutrients under low N could only maintain relatively stable root growth, and faced difficulty in being transported to the shoots. Sugar beet was relatively resilient to N0.5 stress according to the mean affiliation function analysis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the extensive cultivation of sugar beet in N-stressed soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Zhou
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (DL)
| | - Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (DL)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang M, Wang Z, Jian S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the GASA Gene Family Responding to Multiple Stressors in Canavalia rosea. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1988. [PMID: 36360226 PMCID: PMC9690345 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is unique and responds to ubiquitous stress and hormones, playing important regulatory roles in the growth and development of plants, as well as in the resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, a total of 23 CrGASAs were characterized in C. rosea using a genome-wide approach, and their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal locations, gene duplications, and promoter regions were systematically analyzed. Expression profile analysis derived from transcriptome data showed that CrGASAs are expressed at higher levels in the flowers or fruit than in the leaves, vines, and roots. The expression of CrGASAs also showed habitat- and environmental-stress-regulated patterns in C. rosea analyzed by transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The heterologous induced expression of some CrGASAs in yeast enhanced the tolerance to H2O2, and some CrGASAs showed elevated heat tolerance and heavy metal (HM) Cd/Cu tolerance. These findings will provide an important foundation to elucidate the biological functions of CrGASA genes, especially their role in the ecological adaptation of specific plant species to tropical islands and reefs in C. rosea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystem, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rajpal VR, Rathore P, Mehta S, Wadhwa N, Yadav P, Berry E, Goel S, Bhat V, Raina SN. Epigenetic variation: A major player in facilitating plant fitness under changing environmental conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1020958. [PMID: 36340045 PMCID: PMC9628676 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1020958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research in plant epigenetics has increased our understanding of how epigenetic variability can contribute to adaptive phenotypic plasticity in natural populations. Studies show that environmental changes induce epigenetic switches either independently or in complementation with the genetic variation. Although most of the induced epigenetic variability gets reset between generations and is short-lived, some variation becomes transgenerational and results in heritable phenotypic traits. The short-term epigenetic responses provide the first tier of transient plasticity required for local adaptations while transgenerational epigenetic changes contribute to stress memory and help the plants respond better to recurring or long-term stresses. These transgenerational epigenetic variations translate into an additional tier of diversity which results in stable epialleles. In recent years, studies have been conducted on epigenetic variation in natural populations related to various biological processes, ecological factors, communities, and habitats. With the advent of advanced NGS-based technologies, epigenetic studies targeting plants in diverse environments have increased manifold to enhance our understanding of epigenetic responses to environmental stimuli in facilitating plant fitness. Taking all points together in a frame, the present review is a compilation of present-day knowledge and understanding of the role of epigenetics and its fitness benefits in diverse ecological systems in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Shailendra Goel, ; Vishnu Bhat, ; Soom Nath Raina,
| | | | - Sahil Mehta
- School of Agricultural Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nikita Wadhwa
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Eapsa Berry
- Maharishi Kanad Bhawan, Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Shailendra Goel, ; Vishnu Bhat, ; Soom Nath Raina,
| | - Vishnu Bhat
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Shailendra Goel, ; Vishnu Bhat, ; Soom Nath Raina,
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Shailendra Goel, ; Vishnu Bhat, ; Soom Nath Raina,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xi Y, Ling Q, Zhou Y, Liu X, Qian Y. ZmNAC074, a maize stress-responsive NAC transcription factor, confers heat stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986628. [PMID: 36247610 PMCID: PMC9558894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The harsh environment such as high temperature greatly limits the growth, development and production of crops worldwide. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play key regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses of plants. However, the functional roles of NAC TFs in heat stress response of maize remain elusive. In our present study, we identified and isolated a stress-responsive NAC transcription factor gene in maize, designated as ZmNAC074 and orthologous with rice OsNTL3. Further studies revealed that ZmNAC074 may encode a membrane-bound transcription factor (MTF) of NAC family in maize, which is comprised of 517 amino acid residues with a transmembrane domain at the C-terminus. Moreover, ZmNAC074 was highly expressed and induced by various abiotic stresses in maize seedlings, especially in leaf tissues under heat stress. Through generating ZmNAC074 transgenic plants, phenotypic and physiological analyses further displayed that overexpression of ZmNAC074 in transgenic Arabidopsis confers enhanced heat stress tolerance significantly through modulating the accumulation of a variety of stress metabolites, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid. Further, quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of most ROS scavenging and HSR- and UPR-associated genes in transgenic Arabidopsis were significantly up-regulated under heat stress treatments, suggesting that ZmNAC074 may encode a positive regulator that activates the expression of ROS-scavenging genes and HSR- and UPR-associated genes to enhance plant thermotolerance under heat stress conditions. Overall, our present study suggests that ZmNAC074 may play a crucial role in conferring heat stress tolerance in plants, providing a key candidate regulatory gene for heat stress tolerance regulation and genetic improvement in maize as well as in other crops.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun Y, Yao X, Li C, Xie Y. Physiological adaptability of three gramineae plants under various vegetation restoration models in mining area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 276:153760. [PMID: 35926442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale coal mining activities on the QTP have affected the natural grassland ecosystem which will take decades to recover. Therefore, looking for an effective vegetation restoration method is the most effective way to restore the ecosystem. In this study, we explored the effects of three vegetation restoration modes (coal mine spoils planting (CK), organic fertilizer planting (OF), and cover soil planting (CS)) on the five cold-resistance related physiological indices of three native Gramineae plants (Elymus nutans, Poa crymophila and Festuca sinensis) growing in three different habitats (shady slope, sunny slope, and flat slope). The higher contents of soluble sugar (SS) in the Elymus nutans (213.46 mg/g) and Festuca sinensis (202.84 mg/g) were recorded under the CS treatment in the sunny slope habitat. The FP contents of Elymus nutans (421.31 μg/g), Poa crymophila (310.06 μg/g), and Festuca sinens (288.45 μg/g) were higher under the CK treatment in the flat ground habitat. The higher (P < 0.05) content of chlorophyll (Chl) was recorded in the Elymus nutans (2.13 mg/g) under the CS treatment in the sunny slope habitat compared to the other two plants. We observed lower MDA contents in the Elymus nutans (3.19 nmol/g) and Festuca sinensis (3.56 nmol/g) under the CK treatment growing in the shady slope habitat. In the shady slope habitat, the H2O2 contents of Elymus nutans (15.86 μmol/g), Poa crymophila (6.78 μmol/g), and Festuca sinensis (8.76 μmol/g) under the CS treatment were significantly lower compared to other treatments. Based on membership function method, the low-temperature adaptability order of the three restoration plants from strong to weak was Elymus nutans > Festuca sinensis > Poa crymophila. While the effectiveness order of the three vegetation restoration models in alpine mining areas from good to bad was CS > OF > CK. This study will provide a theoretical and guiding significance to evaluate the effectiveness of different restoration methods, formulate optimal restoration strategies and guide the sustainable restoration of the damaged ecosystems of the alpine mining areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, No.251 Ningda Rd, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Xixi Yao
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, No.251 Ningda Rd, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - ChangHui Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, No.251 Ningda Rd, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - YongLi Xie
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, No.251 Ningda Rd, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xi Y, Hu W, Zhou Y, Liu X, Qian Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Polyamine Oxidase Genes in Maize Reveal Essential Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950064. [PMID: 35991458 PMCID: PMC9386529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play a critical role in growth and developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that plays a major role in PA catabolism. Here, for the first time, PAO genes in maize were screened for the whole genome-wide and nine ZmPAO genes were identified in this study, named as ZmPAO1-9. Based on structural characteristics and a comparison of phylogenetic relationships of PAO gene families from seven representative species, all nine PAO proteins in maize were categorized into three distinct subfamilies. Further, chromosome location and schematic structure revealed an unevenly distribution on chromosomes and evolutionarily conserved structure features of ZmPAO genes in maize, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that ZmPAO genes showed differential expression patterns at diverse developmental stages of maize, suggesting that these genes may play functional developmental roles in multiple tissues. Further, through qRT-PCR validation, these genes were confirmed to be responsive to heat, drought and salinity stress treatments in three various tissues, indicating their potential roles in abiotic stress responses. Eventually, to verify the biological function of ZmPAO genes, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ZmPAO6 gene were constructed as a typical representative to explore functional roles in plants. The results demonstrated that overexpression of ZmPAO6 can confer enhanced heat tolerance through mediating polyamine catabolism in transgenic Arabidopsis, which might result in reduced H2O2 and MDA accumulation and alleviated chlorophyll degradation under heat stress treatment, indicating that ZmPAO6 may play a crucial role in enhancing heat tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis through the involvement in various physiological processes. Further, the expression analysis of related genes of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated that ZmPAO6 can enhance heat resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis through modulating heat-induced H2O2 accumulation in polyamine catabolism. Taken together, our results are the first to report the ZmPAO6 gene response to heat stress in plants and will serve to present an important theoretical basis for further unraveling the function and regulatory mechanism of ZmPAO genes in growth, development and adaptation to abiotic stresses in maize.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shaikhaldein HO, Al-Qurainy F, Nadeem M, Khan S, Tarroum M, Salih AM, Alansi S, Al-Hashimi A, Alfagham A, Alkahtani J. Assessment of the Impacts of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Maerua oblongifolia Shoots under In Vitro Salt Stress. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144784. [PMID: 35888250 PMCID: PMC9315770 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect the plant’s growth and development. Recently, the contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) to ameliorating salinity stresses has become the new field of interest for scientists due to their special physiochemical properties in the biological system. This study is designed to examine the effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) spherical in shape (size range between 9 and 30 nm) on morphophysiological characteristics and the antioxidant defense system of in vitro raised Maerua oblongifolia under four levels of salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Our findings reveal that the application of AgNPs (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L) to M. oblongifolia shoots significantly alleviates the adverse effects of salt stress and ameliorates plant developmental-related parameters and defense systems. High salinity elevates the oxidative damage by over-accumulation of the levels of total soluble sugars, proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, total phenolic, and flavonoid content over the control. Interestingly, the application of AgNPs to salinized plants improved the growth traits and photosynthetic pigment production and caused higher enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, mitigating the oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, H2O2, MDA, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents in salt-stressed plants. In general, AgNPs augmented the growth of M. oblongifolia shoots under saline conditions through different strategies; thus, AgNPs can be used as an appropriate eco-friendly approach that enhances salinity tolerance in plants.
Collapse
|