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Catalisano G, Campione GM, Spurio G, Galvano AN, di Villalba CP, Giarratano A, Alongi A, Ippolito M, Cortegiani A. Neuropathic pain, antidepressant drugs, and inflammation: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:67. [PMID: 39334307 PMCID: PMC11429121 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic and disabling condition, caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, characterized by a systemic inflammatory state. Signs and associated symptoms are rarely recognized, and response to usual analgesic drugs is poor. Antidepressant drugs are first-line agents for the treatment of NP. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of antidepressant drugs in treating NP and their mechanism of action, focusing on the effects on inflammatory cytokines. MAIN TEXT Peripheral nerve injury leads to a local inflammatory response and to the disruption of the blood-medullary barrier, allowing the influx of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system. Antidepressants have antinociceptive effects because they recruit long-term neuronal plasticity. Amitriptyline modulates the inflammatory response due to the reduction of the mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines acting as an adenosine agonist and leading to the activation of the A3AR receptor. Through toll-like receptors, local inflammation determines the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that drives and stimulates the hyperflammation in NP. Nortriptyline has an important antiallodynic effect in NP as it determines the recruitment of norepinephrine in the dorsal root ganglia. By modulating the β2-adrenoreceptors expressed by non-neuronal satellite cells, it inhibits the local production of TNF-α and determines a reduction of NP symptoms. Following the administration of antidepressants, there is a reduction in the production of TNF-α in the brain which in turn transforms the function of the α2-adrenergic receptor from an inhibitor to an activator of the release of norepinephrine. This is important to prevent the development of chronic pain. CONCLUSION Inflammatory cytokines are the main players in a bidirectional communication between the central and peripheral nervous system and the immune system in NP. Antidepressants have an important role in NP. Further research should explore the interaction between neuroinflammation in NP, the effects of antidepressants and the clinical relevance of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catalisano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioacchina Martina Campione
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Spurio
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicolò Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesira Palmeri di Villalba
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Alongi
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Ippolito
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Anesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Policlinico 'Paolo Giaccone', Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Wu L, Wang XJ, Luo X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Chen Q. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on Schwann cell injury: mechanisms of cell death regulation and therapeutic perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1427679. [PMID: 39193373 PMCID: PMC11348392 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1427679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that lacks specific treatment, its high prevalence and disabling neuropathic pain greatly affects patients' physical and mental health. Schwann cells (SCs) are the major glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, which play an important role in various inflammatory and metabolic neuropathies by providing nutritional support, wrapping axons and promoting repair and regeneration. Increasingly, high glucose (HG) has been found to promote the progression of DPN pathogenesis by targeting SCs death regulation, thus revealing the specific molecular process of programmed cell death (PCD) in which SCs are disrupted is an important link to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DPN. This paper is the first to review the recent progress of HG studies on apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways in SCs, and points out the crosstalk between various PCDs and the related therapeutic perspectives, with the aim of providing new perspectives for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of DPN and the exploration of effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Jin Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- College of lntegrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang H, Wang H, Zheng W, Wang D, Sun C, Dong J, Yu W, Du Q. OTULIN's influence on neuroinflammation and pain modulation in trigeminal neuralgia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70006. [PMID: 39169794 PMCID: PMC11339468 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), marked by chronic pain from neural damage, is closely associated with inflammation. The role of OTULIN, a key regulator in inflammation and autophagy, is not fully understood in TN. The regulatory mechanism of OTULIN, a key protein involved in modulating inflammatory responses and autophagy processes, remains incompletely elucidated, particularly in the context of TN and neuroinflammation. METHODS An infraorbital nerve ligation-induced rat model of TN was used. OTULIN's expression was modulated using adenovirus vectors and short hairpin RNA. The impact on pain and inflammatory responses was assessed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Enhanced OTULIN expression significantly increased head withdrawal thresholds and reduced pain sensitivity and neuroinflammatory markers in the model. Conversely, silencing OTULIN exacerbated pain and inflammation. Transcriptomic data revealed OTULINs influence on both inflammatory and autophagy pathways, specifically in suppressing NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and promoting autophagy. In vitro experiments demonstrated OTULIN's inhibition of inflammatory markers in microglia and neurons. CONCLUSION OTULIN is crucial in modulating TN, reducing neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation by activating the autophagy pathway and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of MedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
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Cai Y, Zhang X, Yang C, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Melatonin alleviates high-fat-diet-induced dry eye by regulating macrophage polarization via IFT27 and lowering ERK/JNK phosphorylation. iScience 2024; 27:110367. [PMID: 39100927 PMCID: PMC11294704 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is the most common ocular surface disease globally, requiring a more effective treatment. We observed that a high-fat diet induced macrophage polarization to M1 and further induced inflammation in the meibomian and lacrimal glands. A four-week treatment with melatonin (MLT) eye drops can regulate macrophage polarization and alleviate dry eye signs. To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of MLT on high-fat-diet-induced dry eye disease in mice, RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with LPS and/or MLT underwent digital RNA with the perturbation of genes sequencing (DRUG-seq). Results showed that IFT27 was up-regulated, and MAPK pathways were suppressed after MLT pre-treatment. ERK/JNK phosphorylation was reduced in meibomian glands of MLT-treated dry eye mice and increased in IFT27 knockdown RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, MLT regulated macrophage polarization via IFT27 and reduced ERK/JNK phosphorylation. These results support that MLT is a promising medication for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Frostadottir D, Welinder C, Perez R, Dahlin LB. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the injured proximal and distal human digital nerve ends. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1425780. [PMID: 39015129 PMCID: PMC11250671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1425780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proteomic analysis of injured human peripheral nerves, particularly focusing on events occurring in the proximal and distal nerve ends, remains relatively underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the molecular patterns underlying a digital nerve injury, focusing on differences in protein expression between the proximal and distal nerve ends. Methods A total of 26 human injured digital nerve samples (24 men; 2 women; median age 47 [30-66] years), harvested during primary nerve repair within 48 h post-injury from proximal and distal nerve ends, were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Results A total of 3,914 proteins were identified, with 127 proteins showing significant differences in abundance between the proximal and the distal nerve ends. The downregulation of proteins in the distal nerve end was associated with synaptic transmission, autophagy, neurotransmitter regulation, cell adhesion and migration. Conversely, proteins upregulated in the distal nerve end were implicated in cellular stress response, neuromuscular junction stability and muscle contraction, neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicle recycling and axon guidance and angiogenesis. Discussion Investigation of proteins, with functional annotations analysis, in proximal and the distal ends of human injured digital nerves, revealed dynamic cellular responses aimed at promoting tissue degeneration and restoration, while suppressing non-essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drifa Frostadottir
- Department of Translational Medicine – Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raquel Perez
- Department of Translational Medicine – Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine – Hand Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Lister KC, Wong C, Uttam S, Parisien M, Stecum P, Brown N, Cai W, Hooshmandi M, Gu N, Amiri M, Beaudry F, Jafarnejad SM, Tavares-Ferreira D, Inturi NN, Mazhar K, Zhao HT, Fitzsimmons B, Gkogkas CG, Sonenberg N, Price TJ, Diatchenko L, Atlasi Y, Mogil JS, Khoutorsky A. Translational control in the spinal cord regulates gene expression and pain hypersensitivity in the chronic phase of neuropathic pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600539. [PMID: 38979173 PMCID: PMC11230214 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Sensitization of spinal nociceptive circuits plays a crucial role in neuropathic pain. This sensitization depends on new gene expression that is primarily regulated via transcriptional and translational control mechanisms. The relative roles of these mechanisms in regulating gene expression in the clinically relevant chronic phase of neuropathic pain are not well understood. Here, we show that changes in gene expression in the spinal cord during the chronic phase of neuropathic pain are substantially regulated at the translational level. Downregulating spinal translation at the chronic phase alleviated pain hypersensitivity. Cell-type-specific profiling revealed that spinal inhibitory neurons exhibited greater changes in translation after peripheral nerve injury compared to excitatory neurons. Notably, increasing translation selectively in all inhibitory neurons or parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, but not excitatory neurons, promoted mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, increasing translation in PV+ neurons decreased their intrinsic excitability and spiking activity, whereas reducing translation in spinal PV+ neurons prevented the nerve injury-induced decrease in excitability. Thus, translational control mechanisms in the spinal cord, particularly in inhibitory neurons, play a role in mediating neuropathic pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Lister
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonali Uttam
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Stecum
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hooshmandi
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, 75080
| | - Nikhil Nageshwar Inturi
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, 75080
| | - Khadijah Mazhar
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, 75080
| | | | | | - Christos G. Gkogkas
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, 75080
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaser Atlasi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Jeffrey S. Mogil
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tam TH, Zhang W, Tu Y, Hicks JL, Farcas S, Kim D, Salter MW. Pain hypersensitivity is dependent on autophagy protein Beclin 1 in males but not females. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114293. [PMID: 38814784 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with alterations in fundamental cellular processes. Here, we investigate whether Beclin 1, a protein essential for initiating the cellular process of autophagy, is involved in pain processing and is targetable for pain relief. We find that monoallelic deletion of Becn1 increases inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in male mice. However, in females, loss of Becn1 does not affect inflammation-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. In males, intrathecal delivery of a Beclin 1 activator, tat-beclin 1, reverses inflammation- and nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and prevents mechanical hypersensitivity induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a mediator of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain signaling pathways converge on the enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in spinal dorsal horn neurons. The loss of Becn1 upregulates synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents in dorsal horn neurons from males but not females. We conclude that inhibition of Beclin 1 in the dorsal horn is critical in mediating inflammatory and neuropathic pain signaling pathways in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Tam
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - YuShan Tu
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Janice L Hicks
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sophia Farcas
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael W Salter
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Tang J, Chen Q, Xiang L, Tu T, Zhang Y, Ou C. TRIM28 Fosters Microglia Ferroptosis via Autophagy Modulation to Enhance Neuropathic Pain and Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04133-4. [PMID: 38647647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the molecular underpinnings of neuropathic pain (NPP) and neuroinflammation, focusing on the role of TRIM28 in the regulation of autophagy and microglia ferroptosis. Leveraging transcriptomic data associated with NPP, we identified TRIM28 as a critical regulator of ferroptosis. Through comprehensive analysis, including Gene Ontology enrichment and protein-protein interaction network assessments, we unveiled GSK3B as a downstream target of TRIM28. Experimental validation confirmed the capacity of TRIM28 to suppress GSK3B expression and attenuate autophagic processes in microglia. We probed the consequences of autophagy and ferroptosis on microglia physiology, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In a murine model, we validated the pivotal role of TRIM28 in NPP and neuroinflammation. Our analysis identified 20 ferroptosis regulatory factors associated with NPP, with TRIM28 emerging as a central orchestrator. Experimental evidence affirmed that TRIM28 governs microglial iron homeostasis and cell fate by downregulating GSK3B expression and modulating autophagy. Notably, autophagy was found to influence oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release through the iron metabolism pathway, ultimately fueling neuroinflammation. In vivo experiments provided conclusive evidence of TRIM28-mediated pathways contributing to heightened pain sensitivity in neuroinflammatory states. The effect of TRIM28 on autophagy and microglia ferroptosis drives NPP and neuroinflammation. These findings offer promising avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets to manage NPP and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ting Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Cehua Ou
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Rao Y, Li J, Qiao R, Luo J, Liu Y. Synergistic effects of tetramethylpyrazine and astragaloside IV on spinal cord injury via alteration of astrocyte A1/A2 polarization through the Sirt1-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111686. [PMID: 38461631 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive astrocytes are hallmarks of traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) and are associated with neuropathic pain (NP). Mediating the functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes helps neural repair and ameliorates NP in T-SCI. Here, we aimed to explore the role of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) in astrocyte polarization and the underlying molecular mechanism in T-SCI. METHODS Primary cultured astrocytes from mice were treated with LPS or conditioned medium from "M1" polarized microglia (M1-CM), followed by TMPZ and/or AGS-IV administration. The expression levels of "A1" astrocyte-specific markers (including C3, GBP2, Serping1, iNOS), "A2" astrocyte-specific markers (including S100a10 and PTX3), Sirt1 and NF-κB were detected via western blotting. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected via ELISA. RT-PCR was used to evaluate OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a expression. si-OIP5-AS1 or the Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 was administered to astrocytes. A spinal cord injury (SCI) model was constructed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Alterations in astrocytic "A1/A2" polarization in the spinal cord tissues were evaluated. RESULTS LPS and M1-CM induced "A1" polarization of primary astrocytes. TMPZ and ASG IV could substantially reduce the expression of "A1"-related biomarkers but enhance "A2"-related biomarkers. OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels were reduced in "A1"-polarized astrocytes, while miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 were elevated. TMPZ and ASG IV enhanced OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 levels and, in contrast, attenuated the changes in miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 levels. Notably, the TMPZ and ASG IV combination had stronger effects on astrocyte polarization than the single treatment with TMPZ or ASG IV. OIP5-AS1 knockdown and Sirt1 inhibition both reversed the regulatory effects of TMPZ and ASG IV in astrocytic polarization. According to the in vivo experiments, the expression of "A1"-associated markers was enhanced in the spinal cords of SCI rats. The TMPZ and ASG IV combination reduced astrocytic "A1" polarization and enhanced astrocytic "A2" polarization. The expression of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 and Sirt1 was enhanced by TMPZ and ASG IV, while that of miR-34a and p-NF-κB p65 was inhibited. CONCLUSION The combination of TMPZ and ASG IV can ameliorate dysregulated astrocytic polarization induced by spinal cord injury by affecting the lncRNA OIP5-AS1-Sirt1-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojian Rao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Ruofei Qiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinxin Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Drinovac Vlah V, Bach-Rojecky L. Mirror-Image Pain Update: Complex Interactions Between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04102-x. [PMID: 38602655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of contralateral effects after unilateral injury has been shown in various experimental pain models, as well as in clinics. They consist of a diversity of phenomena in contralateral peripheral nerves, sensory ganglia, or spinal cord: from structural changes and altered gene or protein expression to functional consequences such as the development of mirror-image pain (MP). Although MP is a well-documented phenomenon, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the induction and maintenance of mirror-like spread of pain is still an unresolved challenge. MP has generally been explained by central sensitization mechanisms leading to facilitation of pain impulse transfer through neural connections between the two sides of the central nervous system. On the contrary, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) was usually regarded unlikely to evoke such a symmetrical phenomenon. However, recent findings provided evidence that events in the PNS could play a significant role in MP induction. This manuscript provides an updated and comprehensive synthesis of the MP phenomenon and summarizes the available data on the mechanisms. A more detailed focus is placed on reported evidence for peripheral mechanisms behind the MP phenomenon, which were not reviewed up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Višnja Drinovac Vlah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Domagojeva 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Bach-Rojecky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Domagojeva 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Liu F, Zhao L, Wu T, Yu W, Li J, Wang W, Huang C, Diao Z, Xu Y. Targeting autophagy with natural products as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic microangiopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364616. [PMID: 38659578 PMCID: PMC11039818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As the quality of life improves, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its microvascular complications (DMC) continues to increase, posing a threat to people's health and wellbeing. Given the limitations of existing treatment, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat DMC. Autophagy, a pivotal mechanism governing metabolic regulation in organisms, facilitates the removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, thereby sustaining cellular homeostasis and energy generation. Anomalous states in pancreatic β-cells, podocytes, Müller cells, cardiomyocytes, and Schwann cells in DMC are closely linked to autophagic dysregulation. Natural products have the property of being multi-targeted and can affect autophagy and hence DMC progression in terms of nutrient perception, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review consolidates recent advancements in understanding DMC pathogenesis via autophagy and proposes novel perspectives on treating DMC by either stimulating or inhibiting autophagy using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihao Diao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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12
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Kim HS, Lee D, Shen S. Endoplasmic reticular stress as an emerging therapeutic target for chronic pain: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:707-724. [PMID: 38378384 PMCID: PMC10925894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a severely debilitating condition with enormous socioeconomic costs. Current treatment regimens with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, or opioids have been largely unsatisfactory with uncertain benefits or severe long-term side effects. This is mainly because chronic pain has a multifactorial aetiology. Although conventional pain medications can alleviate pain by keeping several dysfunctional pathways under control, they can mask other underlying pathological causes, ultimately worsening nerve pathologies and pain outcome. Recent preclinical studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be a central hub for triggering multiple molecular cascades involved in the development of chronic pain. Several ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators, which have been tested in randomised clinical trials or apprpoved by the US Food and Drug Administration for other chronic diseases, significantly alleviated hyperalgesia in multiple preclinical pain models. Although the role of ER stress in neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer has been well established, research on ER stress and chronic pain is still in its infancy. Here, we critically analyse preclinical studies and explore how ER stress can mechanistically act as a central node to drive development and progression of chronic pain. We also discuss therapeutic prospects, benefits, and pitfalls of using ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators for managing intractable chronic pain. In the future, targeting ER stress to impact multiple molecular networks might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against chronic pain refractory to steroids, NSAIDs, or opioids. This novel therapeutic strategy could provide solutions for the opioid crisis and public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harper S Kim
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Xu X, Chen R, Yu Y, Yang J, Lin C, Liu R. Pulsed radiofrequency on DRG inhibits hippocampal neuroinflammation by regulating spinal GRK2/p38 expression and enhances spinal autophagy to reduce pain and depression in male rats with spared nerve injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111419. [PMID: 38141406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that microglial G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a key regulator of the transition from acute to chronic pain mediated by microglial products via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). Increasing studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction in the SCDH and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus underlie NeP. However, whether GRK2/p38MAPK and autophagic flux in the SCDH and hippocampal neuroinflammation are involved in NeP and depression comorbidity has not been determined. Here, we explored the effects of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) (85 V-PRF; HV-PRF) to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) on pain phenotypes in Wistar male rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) and the underlying mechanisms. The exacerbation of pain phenotypes was markedly relieved by PRF-DRG. The SNI-induced reduction in GRK2 expression, elevation of p-p38 MAPK levels in the SCDH, and increase in IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus were reversed by PRF, which was accompanied by an increase in autophagic flux in spinal microglia. The beneficial effect of 85 V-PRF was superior to that of 45 V-PRF. In addition, the improvements elicited by 85 V-PRF were reversed by intrathecal injection of GRK2 antisense oligonucleotide, and these changes were accompanied by GRK2 downregulation and p-p38 upregulation in the SCDH, increased pro-inflammatory factor levels in the hippocampus, and excessive autophagy in spinal microglia. In conclusion, our data indicate that the application of HV-PRF to the DRG could serve as an excellent therapeutic technique for regulating neuroimmunity and neuroinflammation to relieve pain phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ri Chen
- Department of Pain Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Youfen Yu
- Department of Pain Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Institute of Pain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rongguo Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
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14
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Wu L, Tang H. The role of N6-methyladenosine modification in rodent models of neuropathic pain: from the mechanism to therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115398. [PMID: 37647691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common chronic pain condition resulted from lesions or diseases of somatosensory nervous system, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. A growing body of evidence supports the relationship between pathogenesis and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications of RNA. However, studies on the role of m6A modifications in NP are still at an early stage. Elucidating different etiologies is important for understanding the specific pathogenesis of NP. This article provides a comprehensive review on the role of m6A methylation modifications including methyltransferases ("writers"), demethylases ("erasers"), and m6A binding proteins ("readers") in NP models. Further analysis of the pathogenic mechanism relationship between m6A and NP provided novel theoretical and practical significance for clinical treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongliang Tang
- Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University Affiliated Fangchenggang Hospital.
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15
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Zheng G, Ren J, Shang L, Bao Y. Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and regulation of pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175859. [PMID: 37429517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a ubiquitous and highly concerned clinical symptom, usually caused by peripheral or central nervous injury, tissue damage, or other diseases. The long-term existence of pain can seriously affect daily physical function and quality of life and produce great torture on the physiological and psychological levels. However, the complex pathogenesis of pain involving molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated, and managing pain remains highly challenging. As a result, finding new targets to pursue effective and long-term pain treatment strategies is required and urgent. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and recycling process that maintains tissue homeostasis and energy supply, which can be cytoprotective and is vital in maintaining neural plasticity and proper nervous system function. Much evidence has shown that autophagy dysregulation is linked to the emergence of neuropathic pain, such as postherpetic neuralgia and cancer-related pain. Autophagy has also been connected to pain caused by osteoarthritis and lumbar disc degeneration. It is worth noting that in recent years, studies on traditional Chinese medicine have also proved that several traditional Chinese medicine monomers involve autophagy in the mechanism of pain relief. Therefore, autophagy can serve as a potential regulatory target to provide new ideas and inspiration for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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16
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Xiao H, Wei C, Liu H, Li Z, Zheng C, Luo J. Lentinan alleviates sciatic nerve injury by promoting autophagy to remove myelin fragments. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4042-4058. [PMID: 37165703 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentinan, a natural drug with wide-ranging pharmacological activities, can regulate autophagy-the process through which Schwann cells (SCs) eliminate myelin fragments after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, the effect of lentinan after PNI and the role of accelerated myelin debris removal via autophagy in this process are unclear. This study examined the effect of lentinan on rat sciatic nerve repair following crush injury and the underlying mechanisms. After the successful establishment of the sciatic nerve compression injury model, group-specific treatments were performed. The treatment group received 20 mg/kg lentinan via intraperitoneal injection, while the model group was treated with normal saline. The recovery in each group was then evaluated. Further, a rat SC line (RSC96) was cultured in medium with/without lentinan after supplementation with homogenous myelin fractions to evaluate the removal of myelin particles. Our results showed that lentinan promotes autophagic flux in vivo via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, accelerates the clearance of myelin debris by SCs, and inhibits neuronal apoptosis, thereby promoting neurological recovery. Similarly, in vitro experiments showed that lentinan promotes the phagocytosis of myelin debris by SCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that lentinan primarily promotes nerve regeneration by accelerating the autophagic clearance of myelin debris in SCs, and this process is likely regulated by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, this study provides compelling evidence that lentinan may be a cost-effective and natural treatment agent for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cihua Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Dong G, Li H, Gao H, Chen Y, Yang H. Global Trends and Hotspots on Microglia Associated with Pain from 2002 to 2022: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2817-2834. [PMID: 37600079 PMCID: PMC10439805 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s413028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have made significant progress in microglia associated with pain in recent years. However, more relevant bibliometric analyses are still needed on trends and directions in this field. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive perspective and to predict future directions of pain-related microglia research via bibliometric tools. Methods English articles and reviews related with pain and microglia were extracted from the Web of Science core collection (WosCC) database between 2002 to 2022. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R package were used to analyze publication characteristics, countries, authors, institutions, journals, research hotspots, and trend topics. Results A total of 2761 articles were included in this analysis. Research on microglia associated with pain has increased significantly over the last two decades. China (n = 1020, 36.94%) and the United States (n = 751, 27.20%) contributed the most in terms of publications and citations, respectively. Kyushu University published the most articles in this field compared to other institutions, and Professor Inoue Kazuhide (n = 54) at this university made outstanding contributions in this field. Molecular Pain (n = 113) was the journal with the most publication, while Journal of Neuroscience had the highest number of citations. According to the authors keywords analysis, the research in this area can be summarized into 7 clusters such as "microglia activation pathways", "pain treatment research", "mental symptoms of chronic pain", and so on. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of pain-related microglia research in the past two decades. We identified the countries, institutions, scholars, and journals with the highest number of publications and the most influence in the field, and the research trends identified in this paper may provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Dong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Takács-Vellai K. Apoptosis and Autophagy, Different Modes of Cell Death: How to Utilize Them to Fight Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11609. [PMID: 37511366 PMCID: PMC10380540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A careful balance between cell death and survival is of key importance when it comes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis [...].
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Qiu XT, Guo C, Ma LT, Li XN, Zhang QY, Huang FS, Zhang MM, Bai Y, Liang GB, Li YQ. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the anterior cingulate cortex in neuropathic pain model rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1164426. [PMID: 37396788 PMCID: PMC10311218 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) takes a heavy toll on individual life quality, yet gaps in its molecular characterization persist and effective therapy is lacking. This study aimed to provide comprehensive knowledge by combining transcriptomic and proteomic data of molecular correlates of NP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a cortical hub responsible for affective pain processing. Methods The NP model was established by spared nerve injury (SNI) in Sprague-Dawley rats. RNA sequencing and proteomic data from the ACC tissue isolated from sham and SNI rats 2 weeks after surgery were integrated to compare their gene and protein expression profiles. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to figure out the functions and signaling pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) enriched in. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified a total of 788 DEGs (with 49 genes upregulated) after SNI surgery, while proteomic analysis found 222 DEPs (with 89 proteins upregulated). While Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses of the DEGs suggested that most of the altered genes were involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity, bioinformatics analysis of the DEPs revealed novel critical pathways associated with autophagy, mitophagy, and peroxisome. Notably, we noticed functionally important NP-related changes in the protein that occurred in the absence of corresponding changes at the level of transcription. Venn diagram analysis of the transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 10 overlapping targets, among which only three genes (XK-related protein 4, NIPA-like domain-containing 3, and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3) showed concordance in the directions of change and strong correlations between mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion The present study identified novel pathways in the ACC in addition to confirming previously reported mechanisms for NP etiology, and provided novel mechanistic insights for future research on NP treatment. These findings also imply that mRNA profiling alone fails to provide a complete landscape of molecular pain in the ACC. Therefore, explorations of changes at the level of protein are necessary to understand NP processes that are not transcriptionally modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Biao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Preclinical School of Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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20
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Zhang P, Gong S, Li S, Yuan Z. PVT1 alleviates hypoxia-induced endothelial apoptosis by enhancing autophagy via the miR-15b-5p/ATG14 and miR-424-5p/ATG14 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:1-9. [PMID: 37290278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) play important roles in various cellular processes and are involved in several vascular endothelial cells (VECs) biological processes, including cell growth, migration, autophagy, and apoptosis. The functions of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in VECs have been progressively investigated in recent years, mainly with regard to proliferation and migration of endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by PVT1 remains unclear. The present study showed that PVT1 knockdown accelerated apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) through suppression of cellular autophagy. Bioinformatic prediction of PVT1 target miRNAs revealed that PVT1 interacts with miR-15b-5p and miR-424-5p. The study further showed that miR-15b-5p and miR-424-5p inhibit the functions of autophagy related 14 (ATG14) and suppress cellular autophagy. The results showed that PVT1 can function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-15b-5p and miR-424-5p and promote cellular autophagy by competitive binding, which down-regulates apoptosis. The results showed that PVT1 can function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-15b-5p and miR-424-5p and promote cellular autophagy through competitive binding, which down-regulates apoptosis. The study provides insight into a novel therapeutic target that may be explored in the future for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Gong
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China; School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100105, Beijing, China.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850, Beijing, China.
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21
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Weng HR, Taing K, Chen L, Penney A. EZH2 Methyltransferase Regulates Neuroinflammation and Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:1058. [PMID: 37048131 PMCID: PMC10093242 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies by us and others have shown that enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, in glial cells regulates the genesis of neuropathic pain by modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this research area. EZH2 is a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which primarily serves as a histone methyltransferase to catalyze methylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 (H3K27), ultimately resulting in transcriptional repression. Animals with neuropathic pain exhibit increased EZH2 activity and neuroinflammation of the injured nerve, spinal cord, and anterior cingulate cortex. Inhibition of EZH2 with DZNep or GSK-126 ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. EZH2 protein expression increases upon activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, downregulation of miR-124-3p and miR-378 microRNAs, or upregulation of Lncenc1 and MALAT1 long noncoding RNAs. Genes suppressed by EZH2 include suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (NrF2), miR-29b-3p, miR-146a-5p, and brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1). Pro-inflammatory mediators facilitate neuronal activation along pain-signaling pathways by sensitizing nociceptors in the periphery, as well as enhancing excitatory synaptic activities and suppressing inhibitory synaptic activities in the CNS. These studies collectively reveal that EZH2 is implicated in signaling pathways known to be key players in the process of neuroinflammation and genesis of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting the EZH2 signaling pathway may open a new avenue to mitigate neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Basic Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
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22
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Su CJ, Zhang JT, Zhao FL, Xu DL, Pan J, Liu T. Resolvin D1/N-formyl peptide receptor 2 ameliorates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain through the activation of IL-10/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091753. [PMID: 36993950 PMCID: PMC10040838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPaclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug that is commonly used to treat cancer, but it can cause paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) as a side effect. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) has been shown to be effective in promoting the resolution of inflammation and chronic pain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RvD1 on PINP and its underlying mechanisms in mice.MethodsBehavioral analysis was used to assess the establishment of the PINP mouse model and to test the effects of RvD1 or other formulations on mouse pain behavior. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to detect the impact of RvD1 on 12/15 Lox, FPR2, and neuroinflammation in PTX-induced DRG neurons. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of RvD1 on FPR2, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression in DRG induced by PTX. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of DRG neurons induced by BMDM conditioned medium. H2DCF-DA staining was used to detect the reactive oxygen species level of DRG neurons in the presence of PTX or RvD1+PTX treated BMDMs CM.ResultsExpression of 12/15-Lox was decreased in the sciatic nerve and DRG of mice with PINP, suggesting a potential involvement of RvD1 in the resolution of PINP. Intraperitoneal injection of RvD1 promoted pain resolution of PINP in mice. Intrathecal injection of PTX-treated BMDMs induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity in naïve mice, while pretreatment of RvD1 in BMDMs prevented it. Macrophage infiltration increased in the DRGs of PINP mice, but it was not affected by RvD1 treatment. RvD1 increased IL-10 expression in the DRGs and macrophages, while IL-10 neutralizing antibody abolished the analgesic effect of RvD1 on PINP. The effects of RvD1 in promoting IL-10 production were also inhibited by N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) antagonist. The primary cultured DRG neurons apoptosis increased after stimulation with condition medium of PTX-treated BMDMs, but decreased after pretreatment with RvD1 in BMDMs. Finally, Nrf2-HO1 signaling was additionally activated in DRG neurons after stimulation with condition medium of RvD1+PTX-treated BMDMs, but these effects were abolished by FPR2 blocker or IL-10 neutralizing antibody.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study provides evidence that RvD1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of PINP. RvD1/FPR2 upregulates IL-10 in macrophages under PINP condition, and then IL-10 activates the Nrf2- HO1 pathway in DRG neurons, relieve neuronal damage and PINP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Jin Su
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Liu, ; Cun-Jin Su,
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng-Lun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - De-Lai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Liu, ; Cun-Jin Su,
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23
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Paramakrishnan N, Chavan L, Lim KG, Paramaswaran Y, Muthuraman A. Reversal of Neuralgia Effect of Beta Carotene in Streptozotocin-Associated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Female Zebrafish via Matrix Metalloprotease-13 Inhibition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:157. [PMID: 37259308 PMCID: PMC9959792 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta carotene is a natural anti-oxidant agent, and it inhibits the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is produced by cellular oxidative stress. The role of the beta carotene effect in diabetic neuropathic pain is not explored yet. The present study is designed for the evaluation of the palm oil mill effluent-derived beta carotene (PBC) effect in DNP in zebrafish. The DNP was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ). Blood glucose levels of above 15 mM were considered to be diabetic conditions. The zebrafish were exposed to test compound PBC (25, 50, and 100 µM), pregabalin (PG: 10 μM), and an MMP-13 inhibitor (CL-82198; 10 μM) for 10 consecutive days from day 11. The neuralgic behavioral parameters, i.e., temperature test, acetic acid test, and fin clip test were assessed on day 0 and the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. On the 22nd day, the blood glucose and MMP-13 levels and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and MMP-13 activity levels were estimated. The treatment of PBC ameliorated the DNP-associated behavioral and biochemical changes. The results are similar to those of PG and CL-82198 treatments. Hence, the PBC possesses a potentially ameliorative effect against DNP due to its potential anti-oxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation, and MMP-13 inhibitory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laxmikant Chavan
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Khian Giap Lim
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yamunna Paramaswaran
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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A Review on Autophagy in Orofacial Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233842. [PMID: 36497100 PMCID: PMC9735968 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial neuropathic pain indicates pain caused by a lesion or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. It is challenging for the clinician to diagnose and manage orofacial neuropathic pain conditions due to the considerable variability between individual clinical presentations and a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathogenesis. In the last few decades, researchers have developed diagnostic criteria, questionnaires, and clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis of orofacial neuropathic pain. Recently, researchers have observed the role of autophagy in neuronal dysfunction as well as in the modulation of neuropathic pain. On this basis, in the present review, we highlight the characteristics, classification, and clinical assessment of orofacial neuropathic pain. Additionally, we introduce autophagy and its potential role in the modulation of orofacial neuropathic pain, along with a brief overview of the pathogenesis, which in future may reveal new possible targets for treating this condition.
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25
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Tian M, Mao L, Zhang L. Crosstalk among N6-methyladenosine modification and RNAs in central nervous system injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1013450. [PMID: 36246528 PMCID: PMC9556889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1013450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke, are the most common cause of death and disability around the world. As the most common modification on ribonucleic acids (RNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in determining the fate of RNAs through changes in splicing, translation, degradation and stability. A large number of studies have suggested that m6A modification played an important role in brain development and involved in many neurological disorders, particularly in CNS injuries. It has been proposed that m6A modification could improve neurological impairment, inhibit apoptosis, suppress inflammation, reduce pyroptosis and attenuate ferroptosis in CNS injuries via different molecules including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Therefore, m6A modification showed great promise as potential targets in CNS injuries. In this article, we present a review highlighting the role of m6A modification in CNS injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, m6A modification may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
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Morteza Bagi H, Ahmadi S, Tarighat F, Rahbarghazi R, Soleimanpour H. Interplay between exosomes and autophagy machinery in pain management: State of the art. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100095. [PMID: 35720640 PMCID: PMC9198378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress regarding inexpensive medical approaches, many individuals suffer from moderate to severe pain globally. The discovery and advent of exosomes, as biological nano-sized vesicles, has revolutionized current knowledge about underlying mechanisms associated with several pathological conditions. Indeed, these particles are touted as biological bio-shuttles with the potential to carry specific signaling biomolecules to cells in proximity and remote sites, maintaining cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. A piece of evidence points to an intricate relationship between exosome biogenesis and autophagy signaling pathways at different molecular levels. A close collaboration of autophagic response with exosome release can affect the body's hemostasis and physiology of different cell types. This review is a preliminary attempt to highlight the possible interface of autophagy flux and exosome biogenesis on pain management with a special focus on neuropathic pain. It is thought that this review article will help us to understand the interplay of autophagic response and exosome biogenesis in the management of pain under pathological conditions. The application of therapies targeting autophagy pathway and exosome abscission can be an alternative strategy in the regulation of pain.
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Key Words
- Autophagy
- CESC-Exo, cartilage endplate stem cell-derived Exo
- Cell Therapy
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- HSPA8, heat shock protein family A member 8
- LAMP2, lysosomal‑associated membrane protein type 2
- LAT1, large amino acid transporter
- LTs, leukotrienes
- MAPK8/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8p-/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- NFKB/NF-κB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells
- NPCs, nucleus pulposus cells
- NPCs-Exo, NPCs-derived Exo
- Neural Exosome
- Pain Management
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- nSMase, ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Morteza Bagi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tarighat
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimanpour
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wu J, Li X, Zhang X, Wang W, You X. What role of the cGAS-STING pathway plays in chronic pain? Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:963206. [PMID: 35979145 PMCID: PMC9376357 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.963206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain interferes with daily functioning and is frequently accompanied by depression. Currently, traditional clinic treatments do not produce satisfactory analgesic effects and frequently result in various adverse effects. Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) serve as innate cellular sensors of danger signals, sense invading microorganisms, and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. Among them, cGAS-STING alerts on the presence of both exogenous and endogenous DNA in the cytoplasm, and this pathway has been closely linked to multiple diseases, including auto-inflammation, virus infection, and cancer. An increasing numbers of evidence suggest that cGAS-STING pathway involves in the chronic pain process; however, its role remains controversial. In this narrative review, we summarize the recent findings on the involvement of the cGAS-STING pathway in chronic pain, as well as several possible mechanisms underlying its activation. As a new area of research, this review is unique in considering the cGAS-STING pathway in sensory neurons and glial cells as a part of a broader understanding of pain, including potential mechanisms of inflammation, immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. It will provide new insight into the treatment of pain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xingji You
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28
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Apoptosis and (in) Pain—Potential Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061255. [PMID: 35740277 PMCID: PMC9219669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of apoptosis is involved in the development of several pathologies, and recent evidence suggests that apoptosis may be involved in chronic pain, namely in neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state caused by primary damage or dysfunction of the nervous system; however, the details of the molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, it was found that nerve endings contain transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that sense and detect signals released by injured tissues and respond to these damage signals. TRP channels are similar to the voltage-gated potassium channels or nucleotide-gated channels that participate in calcium and magnesium homeostasis. TRP channels allowing calcium to penetrate into nerve terminals can activate apoptosis, leading to nerve terminal destruction. Further, some TRPs are activated by acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are mainly produced in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and an increase in ROS production and/or a decrease in the antioxidant network may induce oxidative stress (OS). Depending on the OS levels, they can promote cellular proliferation and/or cell degeneration or death. Previous studies have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), play an important role in the peripheral mediation of neuropathic pain. This article aims to perform a review of the involvement of apoptosis in pain, particularly the role of OS and neuroinflammation, and the clinical relevance of this knowledge. The potential discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets can result in the development of more effective and targeted drugs to treat chronic pain, namely neuropathic pain. Highlights: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can activate cell signaling pathways that can lead to nerve terminal destruction by apoptosis. These could constitute potential new pain biomarkers and targets for therapy in neuropathic pain.
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Ju Y, Seol YM, Kim J, Jin H, Choi GE, Jang A. Expression Profiles of Circulating MicroRNAs in XELOX-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116041. [PMID: 35682716 PMCID: PMC9180980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer patients, and has remarkably enhanced survival rates. However, it has many side effects. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been intensively studied as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, definitive biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) are still lacking. The aim of this study was to identify the factors significant for neurological adverse events in GC patients receiving XELOX (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) chemotherapy. The results show that XELOX chemotherapy induces changes in the expression of hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-885-5p, and hsa-miR-378f. Validation by qRT-PCR demonstrated that hsa-miR-378f was significantly downregulated in CIPN. Hsa-miR-378f was identified as showing a statistically significant correlation in GC patients receiving XELOX chemotherapy according to the analysis of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. Furthermore, 34 potential target genes were predicted using a web-based database for miRNA target prognostication and functional annotations. The identified genes are related to the peptidyl-serine phosphorylation and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing with enrichment in the gastric cancer, neurotrophin, MAPK, and AMPK signaling pathways. Collectively, these results provide information useful for developing promising strategies for the treatment of XELOX-chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongdon Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.K.); (H.J.)
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Young Mi Seol
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyunwoo Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.K.); (H.J.)
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea; (Y.J.); (J.K.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.-E.C.); (A.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-0563 (G.-E.C.); +82-52-259-1252 (A.J.)
| | - Aelee Jang
- Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-E.C.); (A.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-0563 (G.-E.C.); +82-52-259-1252 (A.J.)
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