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Li P, Cui P, Yue Q, Xu Z, Liu Z. Exploring the potential biological significance of KDELR family genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14820. [PMID: 38937522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu receptor (KDELR) family genes play critical roles in a variety of biological processes in different tumors. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential roles of KDELRs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Utilizing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, as well as clinical samples, we conducted a series of analyses and validations using R software tools and various online resources. The results showed that KDELR family genes and proteins were highly expressed and associated with a poor prognosis of LUAD. Promoter hypomethylation and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of PCAT6/hsa-miR-326/KDELR1 might be potential causes of aberrant KDELR1 overexpression in LUAD. Three key Transcription factors (TFs) (SPI1, EP300, and MAZ) and a TFs-miRNAs-KDELRs network (involving 11 TFs) might be involved in modulating KDELRs expression abnormalities. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated enrichment of genes highly expressing KDELR1, KDELR2, and KDELR3 in MTORC1_SIGNALING, P53_PATHWAY, and ANGIOGENESIS. Negative correlations between KDELRs expression and CD8 + T cell infiltration, as well as CTLA-4 expression. Our multiple analyses suggested that the KDELRs are important signaling molecules in LUAD. These results provided novel insights for developing prognostic markers and novel therapies of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitong Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijun Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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2
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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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3
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Gonzalez T, Nie Q, Chaudhary LN, Basel D, Reddi HV. Methylation signatures as biomarkers for non-invasive early detection of breast cancer: A systematic review of the literature. Cancer Genet 2024; 282-283:1-8. [PMID: 38134587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of breast cancer would help alleviate the burden of treatment for early-stage breast cancer and help patient prognosis. There is currently no established gene panel that utilizes the potential of DNA methylation as a molecular signature for the early detection of breast cancer. This systematic review aims to identify the optimal methylation biomarkers for a non-invasive liquid biopsy assay and the gaps in knowledge regarding biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. METHODS Following the PRISMA-ScR method, Pubmed and Google Scholar was searched for publications related to methylation biomarkers in breast cancer over a five-year period. Eligible publications were mined for key data fields such as study aims, cohort demographics, types of breast cancer studied, technologies used, and outcomes. Data was analyzed to address the objectives of the review. RESULTS Literature search identified 112 studies of which based on eligibility criteria, 13 studies were included. 28 potential methylation gene targets were identified, of which 23 were methylated at the promoter region, 1 was methylated in the body of the gene and 4 were methylated at yet to be identified locations. CONCLUSIONS Our evaluation shows that at minimum APC, RASSFI, and FOXA1 genes would be a promising set of genes to start with for the early detection of breast cancer, based on the sensitivity and specificity outlined in the studies. Prospective studies are needed to optimize biomarkers for broader impact in early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gonzalez
- Division of Precision Medicine and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, CT, USA
| | - Qian Nie
- Division of Precision Medicine and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, CT, USA
| | - Lubna N Chaudhary
- Division of Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, CT, USA
| | - Donald Basel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, CT, USA
| | - Honey V Reddi
- Division of Precision Medicine and Cytogenetics, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, CT, USA.
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4
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Benesch MG, Tang X, Brindley DN, Takabe K. Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidate Signaling: Prime Targets for Mitigating Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. World J Oncol 2024; 15:1-13. [PMID: 38274724 PMCID: PMC10807915 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming and preventing cancer therapy resistance is the most pressing challenge in modern breast cancer management. Consequently, most modern breast cancer research is aimed at understanding and blocking these therapy resistance mechanisms. One increasingly promising therapeutic target is the autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidate (LPA)-lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) axis. Extracellular LPA, produced from albumin-bound lysophosphatidylcholine by ATX and degraded by the ecto-activity of the LPPs, is a potent cell-signaling mediator of tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and resistance to cancer treatment modalities. LPA signaling in the post-natal organism has central roles in physiological wound healing, but these mechanisms are subverted to fuel pathogenesis in diseases that arise from chronic inflammatory processes, including cancer. Over the last 10 years, our understanding of the role of LPA signaling in the breast tumor microenvironment has begun to mature. Tumor-promoting inflammation in breast cancer leads to increased ATX production within the tumor microenvironment. This results in increased local concentrations of LPA that are maintained in part by decreased overall cancer cell LPP expression that would otherwise more rapidly break it down. LPA signaling through six G-protein-coupled LPA receptors expressed by cancer cells can then activate virtually every known tumorigenic pathway. Consequently, to target therapy resistance and tumor growth mediated by LPA signaling, multiple inhibitors against the LPA signaling axis are entering clinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent developments in LPA breast cancer biology, and illustrate how these novel therapeutics against the LPA signaling pathway may be excellent adjuncts to extend the efficacy of evolving breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G.K. Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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5
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Meng J, Ruan X, Wei F, Xue Q. High expression of ENPP2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in liver cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34480. [PMID: 37543832 PMCID: PMC10402965 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) has been identified as a potential biomarker in lung and prostate cancers; however, its expression and clinical relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain incompletely understood. This study comprehensively assessed ENPP2 expression in pan-cancer using bioinformatics. We analyzed the expression of ENPP2 mRNA in primary liver cancer and adjacent tissues of patients with HCC using data from the TCGA database. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to identify clinicopathological factors associated with survival, and the diagnostic value of ENPP2 expression was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We also validated our findings by performing real-time PCR on clinical liver cancer samples. Furthermore, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to gain additional insights into the biological significance of ENPP2 in HCC. High ENPP2 expression in HCC patients is associated with gender and clinical stage, and is a significant prognostic factor for worse outcomes. ENPP2 expression is an independent risk factor for progression-free and disease-specific survival in both cohorts, suggesting its potential as an HCC biomarker. ENPP2's diagnostic value in HCC patients was confirmed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which was 0.806. real-time PCR analysis validated the higher expression of ENPP2 in clinical liver cancer tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis identified pathways enriched in HCC patients with high ENPP2 expression, including those related to the cell cycle, MTOR and T cell receptor signaling, and phosphatidylinositol signaling systems. We have demonstrated that ENPP2 is highly expressed in HCC and is a potential independent molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
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6
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Benesch MGK, Wu R, Tang X, Brindley DN, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Autotaxin production in the human breast cancer tumor microenvironment mitigates tumor progression in early breast cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2790-2813. [PMID: 37559999 PMCID: PMC10408472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces extracellular lysophosphatidate in physiological wound healing. ATX is overexpressed in many cancers to promote growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, ATX expression is very low in breast cancer cells, and is instead secreted by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Paracrine ATX expression, and its effects on tumor progression, has not been robustly studied in human breast tumors. In this study, ATX expression was analyzed in over 5000 non-metastatic breast cancers from databases TCGA, METABRIC and GSE96058, dichotomized by the median. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the xCell algorithm investigated biological functions of ATX and correlation to TME cell populations. TME ATX production was verified by single cell RNA sequencing. The highest ATX expression occurred in endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (P<0.0001). High tumor ATX expression correlated to increased adipocyte, fibroblast, and endothelial cell fractions (P<0.01), and GSEA demonstrated enriched immune system, tumor suppressor, pro-survival, stemness, and pro-inflammatory signaling in multiple gene sets. Tumor mutational burden was decreased, Ki67 scores were decreased, tumor infiltrating immune cell populations increased, and immune cytolytic activity scores increased (all P<0.01) for ATX-high tumors. Overall survival trends favored ATX-high tumors (hazard ratios 0.75-0.80). In summary, in human breast cancers, ATX is produced by the TME, and in non-metastatic tumors, high levels correlate with an anti-tumor phenotype. Because pre-clinical models use aggressive pro-metastatic cell lines where ATX-mediated signaling promotes tumorigenesis, further research is required to verify an anti-to-pro-tumor phenotype switch with breast cancer progression and/or treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew GK Benesch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata 951-8520, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, New York 14263, USA
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7
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Magkrioti C, Kaffe E, Aidinis V. The Role of Autotaxin and LPA Signaling in Embryonic Development, Pathophysiology and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098325. [PMID: 37176032 PMCID: PMC10179533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) or Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, with its primary function being the extracellular hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
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8
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Vít O, Petrák J. Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling: the Pleiotropic Regulatory Network in Cancer. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:149-162. [PMID: 38583176 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Autotaxin, also known as ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2, is a secreted glycoprotein that plays multiple roles in human physiology and cancer pathology. This protein, by converting lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid, initiates a complex signalling cascade with significant biological implications. The article outlines the autotaxin gene and protein structure, expression regulation and physiological functions, but focuses mainly on the role of autotaxin in cancer development and progression. Autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid signalling influence several aspects of cancer, including cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, therapy resistance, and interactions with the immune system. The potential of autotaxin as a diagnostic biomarker and promising drug target is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vít
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Petrák
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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9
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Drosouni A, Panagopoulou M, Aidinis V, Chatzaki E. Autotaxin in Breast Cancer: Role, Epigenetic Regulation and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5437. [PMID: 36358855 PMCID: PMC9658281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX), the protein product of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2), is a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) responsible for the extracellular production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX-LPA pathway signaling participates in several normal biological functions, but it has also been connected to cancer progression, metastasis and inflammatory processes. Significant research has established a role in breast cancer and it has been suggested as a therapeutic target and/or a clinically relevant biomarker. Recently, ENPP2 methylation was described, revealing a potential for clinical exploitation in liquid biopsy. The current review aims to gather the latest findings about aberrant signaling through ATX-LPA in breast cancer and discusses the role of ENPP2 expression and epigenetic modification, giving insights with translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrianna Drosouni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of BioInnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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10
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Duque G, Manterola C, Otzen T, Arias C, Palacios D, Mora M, Galindo B, Holguín JP, Albarracín L. Cancer Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for Early Detection of Breast
Cancer: A Systematic Review. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221134831. [PMCID: PMC9634213 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221134831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Liquid
biopsy (LB) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that allows the analysis
of biomarkers in different body fluids, particularly in peripheral blood and
also in urine, saliva, nipple discharge, volatile respiratory fluids, nasal
secretions, breast milk, and tears. The objective was to analyze the
available evidence related to the use of biomarkers obtained by LB for the
early diagnosis of BC. Methods: Articles related to the use of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of BC due
to LB, published between 2010 and 2022, from the databases (WoS, EMBASE,
PubMed, and SCOPUS) were included. The MInCir diagnostic scale was applied
in the articles to determine their methodological quality (MQ). Descriptive
statistics were used, as well as determination of weighted averages of each
variable, to analyze the extracted data. Sensitivity, specificity, and area
under the curve values for specific biomarkers (individual or in panels) are
described. Results: In this systematic review (SR), 136 articles met the selection criteria,
representing 17 709 patients with BC. However, 95.6% were case-control
studies. In 96.3% of cases, LB was performed in peripheral blood samples.
Most of the articles were based on microRNA (miRNA) analysis. The mean MQ
score was 25/45 points. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve
values for specific biomarkers (individual or in panels) have been
found. Conclusions: The determination of biomarkers through LB is a useful mechanism for the
diagnosis of BC. The analysis of miRNA in peripheral blood is the most
studied methodology. Our results indicate that LB has a high sensitivity and
specificity for the diagnosis of BC, especially in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galo Duque
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del
Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador,Galo Duque, Faculty of Medicine,
Universidad del Azuay. Postal address: Av. 24 de Mayo y Hernán Malo, Cuenca,
Ecuador 010107.
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Center of Excellence in Morphological
and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tamara Otzen
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Center of Excellence in Morphological
and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristina Arias
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del
Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Miriann Mora
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del
Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Galindo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del
Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Holguín
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad del
Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Albarracín
- Medical Sciences PhD Program,
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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11
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Qian S, Lin S, Xu X, Bai H, Yeerken A, Ying X, Li Z, Fei X, Yang J, Tang M, Wang J, Jin M, Chen K. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor lncRNA MEF2C-AS1 frequently happened in patients at all stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:111. [PMID: 36064442 PMCID: PMC9446566 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel long noncoding RNA MEF2C-AS1 has been identified to play suppressor roles during tumorigenesis. DNA methylation has a regulatory effect on gene expression in cancer initiation and progression. However, the methylation status of MEF2C-AS1 and its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain unclear. Methods The expression and methylation levels of MEF2C-AS1 were systematically analyzed among 31 cancers with available qualified data in GEPIA and UCSC Xena databases. Then, the MEF2C-AS1 methylation status was firstly examined among 12 CRCs by Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in in-house step 1 and further quantified among 48 CRCs by the MassARRAY method in in-house step 2. Subsequently, its methylation and expression levels were quantified among 81 non-advanced adenomas (NAAs), 81 advanced adenomas (AAs), and 286 CRCs using the MassARRAY method, and among 34 NAAs, 45 AAs, and 75 CRCs by qRT-PCR, in in-house step 3, respectively. The effect of MEF2C-AS1 methylation on CRC survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, in vitro cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to explore the role of MEF2C-AS1 in colorectal carcinogenesis. Results Lower expression and higher methylation of MEF2C-AS1 were found in CRC by online databases. In the comparisons of lesion tissues with adjacent normal tissues, MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation of each individual site and mean level was found among CRC patients in in-house step 1 and step 2, more meaningfully, among NAA patients, AA patients, and CRC patients at all stages during colorectal carcinogenesis in in-house step 3 (all p < 0.05). Further comparisons demonstrated significant differences between CRC and NAA (p = 0.025), AA and NAA (p = 0.020). Moreover, MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation was associated with poorer disease-specific survival of CRC patients (p = 0.044). In addition, hypermethylation and lower expression of MEF2C-AS1 were verified in RKO cells, and the MEF2C-AS1 overexpression significantly suppressed RKO cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusions The findings reveal that MEF2C-AS1 hypermethylation might be an early driven event during colorectal carcinogenesis. It might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for CRC survival. Our study also indicates the potential tumor-suppressing role of MEF2C-AS1 in CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01328-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangni Qian
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Public Health, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aibuta Yeerken
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xinglin Fei
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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